Fire Department

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fire Department Fire Department Appraisal & Master Plan for the Cloquet Area . Fire District Conducted by November, 2014 McGrath Consulting Group, Inc. P.O. Box 190 Wonder Lake, IL 60097 Office (815) 728-9111 Fax (815) 331-0215 Email [email protected] www.mcgrathconsulting.com ©Copyright 2014 McGrath Consulting Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the expressed written permission of McGrath Consulting Group, Inc. McGrath Consulting Group, Inc. Page 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 13 Culture Observations ................................................................................................................ 14 Department Overview ............................................................................................................... 14 Governance ............................................................................................................................... 14 Emergency Activities ................................................................................................................ 15 Response Times ........................................................................................................................ 16 EMS System Oversight ............................................................................................................. 16 Standard of Response Coverage ............................................................................................... 17 National/Industry Standards ..................................................................................................... 17 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) – non mandatory .......................................... 17 Occupational Safety and health Administration (OSHA) – mandatory ................................ 18 Insurance Service Offices, Inc. (ISO) – non mandatory ....................................................... 18 Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) – non mandatory ............................................ 19 Staffing ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Human Resources ..................................................................................................................... 20 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAS aka. Dispatch) ............................................................. 22 Facilities .................................................................................................................................... 22 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................. 23 Training ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Fire Prevention/Safety Education ............................................................................................. 24 Fiscal ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 25 Culture Observations.................................................................................................................. 29 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats Analysis (SWOT) .......................................... 29 CAFD Perspective of Importance ............................................................................................. 31 “The Most Significant Challenge for the CAFD” .................................................................... 32 “The Most Significant Opportunity for the CAFD” ................................................................. 34 Recommendation – Department Culture............................................................................... 35 Department Overview ................................................................................................................ 36 Mission Statement ..................................................................................................................... 37 CAFD Organization Chart ........................................................................................................ 37 Protection Area ......................................................................................................................... 38 Staffing ...................................................................................................................................... 39 EMS ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Governance .................................................................................................................................. 42 Cloquet Area Fire District Board .............................................................................................. 44 Responsibilities of a Fire Board ................................................................................................ 44 Understands the Role of the Board and Fire Chief ............................................................... 44 Taxpayers Liaison ................................................................................................................. 45 Report to the Three Governing Bodies ................................................................................. 45 Appointment of the Fire Chief .............................................................................................. 45 Appointment of the Assistant Chief ...................................................................................... 45 Approval of Elected Fire Department Officers ..................................................................... 46 McGrath Consulting Group, Inc. Page 3 Hiring of New Department Members ................................................................................... 46 Monitor Fire Department Budget .......................................................................................... 46 Performance Review of the Command Staff (Chief) ............................................................ 46 Oversee all Department Fiscal Activities.............................................................................. 46 Capital Planning .................................................................................................................... 47 Set Department Goals in Conjunction with the Chief .......................................................... 47 Ensure Open and Honest Communication ............................................................................ 47 Recommendations – Governance.......................................................................................... 48 Emergency Activities .................................................................................................................. 49 Cloquet Data Challenges .......................................................................................................... 49 Ten-Year Emergency Activity Totals ....................................................................................... 51 Significant of Ten-Year Increase .............................................................................................. 52 Breakdown of EMS and Fire Call Totals .................................................................................. 52 Incident by Nature .................................................................................................................... 53 Comparing Cloquet to National & State of Minnesota NFIRS Statistics – 2013 ..................... 55 Series 700 – False Alarms/Calls ........................................................................................... 55 Series 300 – Rescue/Emergency Medical Services .............................................................. 56 Emergency Service Trends ....................................................................................................... 57 Simultaneous/Overlapping Incidents .................................................................................... 57 Cloquet Simultaneous/Overlapping Data ......................................................................... 58 Incidents by Time of Day...................................................................................................... 59 Cloquet Incidents by Time of Day Data ........................................................................... 59 Incidents by Day of the Week ............................................................................................... 61 Incidents by Month ............................................................................................................... 62 Incidents by Districts ............................................................................................................ 63 Incidents by Shift .................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • 90S TV Superbonus
    America’s Favorite TV Shows (America has bad taste) Friends Which character had a twin? Phoebe Which of the friends dated Rachel? Ross, Joey Who of the following did not guest star on the show? Circle your answers. Ralph Lauren Winona Ryder Sarah Jessica Parker Ben Stiller RuPaul Brad Pitt Why did Ross get divorced from his first wife? She is a lesbian Where does Phoebe’s boyfriend David move to in the first season? Minsk Who was Rachel’s prom date? Chip On which daytime drama does Joey star as Dr. Drake Remoray? Days of our Lives Why is Joey written out of the daytime drama? He says in an interview he writes his own lines At which job does Monica have to wear fake breasts? The 50s diner Who does Rachel convince to shave their head? Bonnie, Ross’s girlfriend In one episode, Joey buys a pet chick. What does Chandler buy? A duck Who plays Phoebe’s half-brother Frank? Giovani Ribisi What favor does Phoebe do for Frank and his wife Alice? She is a surrogate mother for triplets What other tv show that started in the 90s did the actress playing Alice star on? That 70s Show When Joey and Chandler switch apartments with Monica and Rachel, what do Rachel and Monica offer to get their apartment back? Season tickets to the Knicks In Season 5, whose apartment does Ross move into? Ugly Naked Guy Who is first to figure out that Chandler and Monica are dating? Joey Who gets married in Las Vegas? Ross and Rachel Who plays Rachel’s sister Jill? Reese Witherspoon What causes the fire in Rachel and Phoebe’s apartment? Rachel’s hair straightener
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems
    Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems OSHA 3256-09R 2015 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 “To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.” This publication provides a general overview of a particular standards- related topic. This publication does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements the reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts. Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested but not required. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627. This guidance document is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment—A Plan for Integrated, Large Fire–Atmosphere Field Campaigns
    atmosphere Review The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment—A Plan for Integrated, Large Fire–Atmosphere Field Campaigns Susan Prichard 1,*, N. Sim Larkin 2, Roger Ottmar 2, Nancy H.F. French 3 , Kirk Baker 4, Tim Brown 5, Craig Clements 6 , Matt Dickinson 7, Andrew Hudak 8 , Adam Kochanski 9, Rod Linn 10, Yongqiang Liu 11, Brian Potter 2, William Mell 2 , Danielle Tanzer 3, Shawn Urbanski 12 and Adam Watts 5 1 University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA 2 US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; [email protected] (N.S.L.); [email protected] (R.O.); [email protected] (B.P.); [email protected] (W.M.) 3 Michigan Technological University, 3600 Green Court, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; [email protected] (N.H.F.F.); [email protected] (D.T.) 4 US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA; [email protected] 5 Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA; [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (A.W.) 6 San José State University Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0104, USA; [email protected] 7 US Forest Service Northern Research Station, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015, USA; [email protected] 8 US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Moscow Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1221 S Main St., Moscow, ID 83843, USA; [email protected] 9 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0110, USA; [email protected] 10 Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoke Production in Fires
    VTT RESEARCH NOTES 1708 VTT-T\EX)--ro8 Leena Sarvaranta & Matti Kokkala Smoke production in fires DECEIVED NOV 2 5 1396 OS Tt MASTER DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT 18 UNLMfTH) VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND ESPOO 1995 V'lT TltiDOlTElTA - MtiUDtiLAJNUtiM - KfcSfcAKVH INUlto 1/U6 Smoke production in fires Leena Sarvaranta & Matti Kokkala VTT Building Technology ■tyTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND ESPOO 1995 ISSN 1235-0605 Copyright © Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus (VTT) 1995 JULKAISIJA - UTGIVARE - PUBLISHER Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus (VTT), Vuorimiehentie 5, PL 2000, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde (90) 4561, telekopio (90) 456 4374 Statens tekniska forskningscentral (VTT), Bergsmansvagen 5, PB 2000, 02044 VTT tel. vaxel (90) 4561, telefax (90) 456 4374 Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O.Box 2000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland phone internal. + 358 0 4561, telefax + 358 0 456 4374 VTT Rakennustekniikka, Rakennusfysiikka, talo-ja palotekniikka, Kivimiehentie 4, PL 1803, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde (90) 4561, telekopio (90) 456 4815 VTT Byggnadsteknik, Byggnadsfysik, hus- och brandteknik, Stenkarlsvagen 4, PB 1803, 02044 VTT tel. vaxel (90) 4561, telefax (90) 456 4815 VTT Building Technology, Building Physics, Building Services and Fire Technology, Kivimiehentie 4, P.O.Box 1803, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland phone internal. + 358 0 4561, telefax + 358 0 456 4815 Technical editing Kerttu Tirronen VTT OFFSETPAINO, ESPOO 1995 DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document Sarvaranta, Leena & Kokkala, Matti. Smoke production in fires. Espoo 1995, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Tiedotteita - Meddelanden - Research Notes 1708. 32 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition of Wildland Fire Emissions Shawn P
    Developments in Environmental Science, Volume 8 79 A. Bytnerowicz, M. Arbaugh, A. Riebau and C. Andersen (Editors) Copyright r 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1474-8177/DOI:10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00004-1 Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of Wildland Fire Emissions Shawn P. UrbanskiÃ, Wei Min Hao and Stephen Baker Abstract Wildland fires are major sources of trace gases and aerosol, and these emissions are believed to significantly influence the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the earth’s climate system. The wide variety of pollutants released by wildland fire include green- house gases, photochemically reactive compounds, and fine and coarse particulate matter. Through direct emissions and secondary chemical and physical processes, wildland fire can have a significant impact on tropospheric chemistry and serve as a major source of air pollution. We provide a synthesis of emission factor data from the literature and previously unpublished research for use in global, continental and regional scale studies investigating the role of wildland fire emissions in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The emission factor data is presented by geographic zones (boreal, temperate, and tropical) and vegetation group (forest and savanna/ rangeland), allowing researchers to account for the different emission characteristics exhibited by biomass burning in these disparate regions. A brief overview of the wildland fuel combustion process as related to emissions production is also provided. The atmospheric fate of wildland fire emissions is briefly discussed and related to the production of secondary air pollutants. Previously unpublished results from a series of fire emission studies in the United States and Canada are presented in an appendix.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders
    Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders Final Report, June 2007 Diane L. Elliot, MD, FACP, FACSM Kerry S. Kuehl, MD, DrPH Division of Health Promotion & Sports Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon Acknowledgments This report was supported by a cooperative agreement between the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) and the United States Fire Administration (USFA), with assistance from the faculty of Or- egon Health & Science University, to examine the issue of sleep dep- rivation and fire fighters and EMS responders. Throughout this work’s preparation, we have collaborated with Victoria Lee, Program Man- ager for the IAFC, whose assistance has been instrumental in success- fully completing the project. The information contained in this report has been reviewed by the members of the International Association of Fire Chiefs’ Safety, Health and Survival Section; Emergency Medi- cal Services Section and Volunteer and Combination Officers Sec- tion; and the National Volunteer Fire Council (NVFC). We also grate- fully acknowledge the assistance of our colleagues Esther Moe, PhD, MPH, and Carol DeFrancesco, MA, RD. i Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders Preface The U.S. fire service is full of some of the most passionate individuals any industry could ever have. Our passion, drive and determination are in many cases the drivers that cause us to take many of the courageous actions that have become legendary in our business.
    [Show full text]
  • Episode Six: “Don’T Go Sayin Last Words”
    Episode Six: “Don’t Go Sayin Last Words” Written by Emily Ragsdale Director Christoph Schrewe Executive Producers Production Draft Tom Fontana 15 October 2020 Chuck MacLean Jorge Zamacona Jennifer Todd Ben Affleck Matt Damon Barry Levinson ©2021 Showtime Pictures Development Company This Teleplay is the sole property of Showtime Pictures Development Company. No portion may be distributed, published, reformatted, reproduced, sold, used by any means, quoted, communicated, or otherwise disseminated or publicized in any form or media, including without limitation by any written article, television and/or radio interview or on the internet, without the prior written consent of Showtime Pictures Development Company. No one is authorized to dispose of same. If lost or destroyed, please notify the story department at: Showtime Networks Inc. 1041 N. Formosa Ave., Suite 300, West Hollywood, CA 90046 CAST JACKIE ROHR…………………………………………………… Kevin Bacon DECOURCY WARD……………………………………………… Aldis Hodge JENNY ROHR……………………………………………………… Jill Hennessy SIOBHAN QUAYS……………………………………………… Lauren E. Banks CATHY RYAN……………………………………………………… Amanda Clayton BENEDETTA ROHR…………………………………………… Lucia Ryan GRACE CAMPBELL…………………………………………… Pernell Walker KELVIN CAMPBELL………………………………………… Kameron Kierce ANTON CAMPBELL…………………………………………… Shannon Wallace ELOISE HASTINGS………………………………………… Gloria Reuben TODD HASTINGS……………………………………………… Scott William Winters KICK RYAN………………………………………………………… Blake Baumgartner GUY DAN……………………………………………………………… John Doman CHRIS CAYSEN………………………………………………… Matthew Del Negro
    [Show full text]
  • 90S TV Superbonus
    90s TV Superbonus Friends—the biggest tv show of the 90s? Which character had a twin? Which of the friends dated Rachel? Who of the following did not guest star on the show? Circle your answers. Ralph Lauren Winona Ryder Sarah Jessica Parker Ben Stiller RuPaul Brad Pitt Why did Ross get divorced from his first wife? Where does Phoebe’s boyfriend David move to in the first season? Who was Rachel’s prom date? On which daytime drama does Joey star as Dr. Drake Remoray? Why is Joey written out of the daytime drama? At which job does Monica have to wear fake breasts? Who does Rachel convince to shave their head? In one episode, Joey buys a pet chick. What does Chandler buy? Who plays Phoebe’s half-brother Frank? What favor does Phoebe do for Frank and his wife Alice? What other tv show that started in the 90s did the actress playing Alice star on? When Joey and Chandler switch apartments with Monica and Rachel, what do Rachel and Monica offer to get their apartment back? In Season 5, whose apartment does Ross move into? Who is first to figure out that Chandler and Monica are dating? Who gets married in Las Vegas? Who plays Rachel’s sister Jill? What causes the fire in Rachel and Phoebe’s apartment? Who learns the hard way that condoms are only 97% effective and how? In the last season, Joey gets another chick, but where does it get stuck? Which character used to be fat? Which male friend once kissed a guy in Atlantic City? Who is the white haired man who works at Central Perk and is in love with Rachel? Which of Phoebe’s
    [Show full text]
  • NWCG S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior Seminar and Is Public Information
    1 National Wildfire Coordinating Group S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior 2008 The content contained in this document comes from the NWCG S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior seminar and is public information. It is reproduced here with the permission of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group. NWCG Training Development Program - National Interagency Fire Center - 3833 S. Development Avenue, Boise, Idaho 83705 2 Module 1: Basic Concepts of Wildland Fire Topic 1: Course Introduction Wildland fire behavior course introduction During the heat of summer, avoiding news reports of a wildland fire raging somewhere across the country is nearly impossible. Wildland fire is often thought of as something that happens deep in national forests, out in rangelands, or perhaps in crop fields. Unfortunately, the truth is that wildland fires also occur in areas adjacent to residential and commercial development, such as: • Vacant lots • Parks • Golf courses • Highway medians When this happens, you are facing an increasingly common scenario—a wildland/urban interface fire. In either case, you need to understand the basics behind fire behavior in order to begin to anticipate how tactics and safety procedures change according to the conditions at hand. Course objectives The course objectives are simple enough to describe - however, attaining these goals will require the professionalism and determination required of all wildland firefighters. By the end of this course, you should be able to: • Identify and discuss the three sides of the fire triangle • Identify the environmental factors of fuels, weather, and topography affecting the start and spread of wildland fire • Describe the contributing factors indicating potential for increased fire behavior that might compromise your safety This course provides the foundation to understanding the characteristics and interactions of the wildland fire environment and how those factors influence a fire’s behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barber (^Seinfeld) from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    :rhe Barber (Seinfeld) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of2 The Barber (^Seinfeld) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "The Barber" is theT2nd episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.It is the eighth episode of the fifth "The Barber" season, and first aired on November ll,1993. Seínfeld episode Plot Episode no. Season 5 Episode 8 The episode begins with George at ajob Directed by Tom Cherones interview. His future employer, Mr. Tuttle, is cut Written by Andy Robin off mid-sentence by an important telephone call, and sends George away without knowing whether Production code 508 he has been hired or not. Mr. Tuttle told George Original air date November ll,1993 that one of the things that make George such an Guest actors attractive hire is that he can "understand everything immediately", so this leaves apuzzling situation. In Jerry's words: "If you call and ask if Wayne Knight as Newman Antony Ponzini as Enzo you have the job, you might lose the job." But if David Ciminello as Gino George doesn't call, he might have been hired and Michael Fairman as Mr. Penske he never know. George will decides that the best Jack Shearer as Mr. Tuttle course of action is to not call at all and to just "show up", pretending that he has been hired and Season 5 episodes start "work", all while Mr. Tuttle is out of town. The thought behind this was that if George has the September 1993 -May 1994 job, then everything will be fine; and if George uThe was not hired, then by the time Tuttle returns, he 1.
    [Show full text]
  • FCC-18-94A2.Pdf
    STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN AJIT PAI Re: Amendment of Part 11 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding the Emergency Alert System, PS Docket No. 15-94; Wireless Emergency Alerts, PS Docket No. 15-91 In an episode of The Office,1 Dwight Schrute decides to conduct a surprise fire drill for his fellow Dunder Mifflin employees. He starts a fire in a trash can, cuts the phone lines, and seals the office exits. Needless to say, this drill doesn’t end well. Among other things, Angela’s cat “Bandit” fell through a ceiling panel; Stanley suffered a heart attack; windows were smashed; and office equipment was destroyed. The absurd scene makes us laugh, but it also shows the dangers posed by false emergency alerts and poorly conducted emergency tests, as well as the consequences of not adequately preparing for real emergencies. Today, we seek to improve emergency preparedness, facilitate better testing, and reduce the frequency of false alerts by making changes to our Emergency Alert System (EAS) rules. First, we amend our rules to recognize “Live Code Tests” as a separate category of alert exercise. This will enable alert originators to simulate an end-to-end test of the EAS. Live code testing can help identify gaps in training, assess the readiness of equipment, and ensure that alerts reach intended audiences. And to minimize public confusion and alert fatigue, we require that jurisdictions limit their tests to two per year and that each live code test explicitly state that the event is a test by text crawl and/or audio, as technically feasible.
    [Show full text]
  • Masaryk University Faculty of Arts
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Šárka Tripesová The Anatomy of Humour in the Situation Comedy Seinfeld Bachelor‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Drábek, Ph.D. 2010 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Šárka Tripesová ii Acknowledgement I would like to thank Mgr. Pavel Drábek, Ph.D. for the invaluable guidance he provided me as a supervisor. Also, my special thanks go to my boyfriend and friends for their helpful discussions and to my family for their support. iii Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 SEINFELD AS A SITUATION COMEDY 3 2.1 SEINFELD SERIES: THE REALITY AND THE SHOW 3 2.2 SITUATION COMEDY 6 2.3 THE PROCESS OF CREATING A SEINFELD EPISODE 8 2.4 METATHEATRICAL APPROACH 9 2.5 THE DEPICTION OF CHARACTERS 10 3 THE TECHNIQUES OF HUMOUR DELIVERY 12 3.1 VERBAL TECHNIQUES 12 3.1.1 DIALOGUES 12 3.1.2 MONOLOGUES 17 3.2 NON-VERBAL TECHNIQUES 20 3.2.1 PHYSICAL COMEDY AND PANTOMIMIC FEATURES 20 3.2.2 MONTAGE 24 3.3 COMBINED TECHNIQUES 27 3.3.1 GAG 27 4 THE METHODS CAUSING COMICAL EFFECT 30 4.1 SEINFELD LANGUAGE 30 4.2 METAPHORICAL EXPRESSION 32 4.3 THE TWIST OF PERSPECTIVE 35 4.4 CONTRAST 40 iv 4.5 EXAGGERATION AND CARICATURE 43 4.6 STAND-UP 47 4.7 RUNNING GAG 49 4.8 RIDICULE AND SELF-RIDICULE 50 5 CONCLUSION 59 6 SUMMARY 60 7 SHRNUTÍ 61 8 PRIMARY SOURCES 62 9 REFERENCES 70 v 1 Introduction Everyone as a member of society experiences everyday routine and recurring events.
    [Show full text]