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Dahlia Greidinger Symposium Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium 2009 1 The Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium - 2009 Crop Production in the 21st Century: Global Climate Change, Environmental Risks and Water Scarcity March 2-5, 2009 Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel Symposium Proceedings Editors: A. Shaviv, D. Broday, S. Cohen, A. Furman, and R. Kanwar Technical Editor: Lee Cornfield Organized and Supported by: BARD, The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund Workshop No. W-79-08 and The Dahlia Greidinger Memorial Fund 2 Crop Production in the 21st Century The Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium - 2009 Crop Production in the 21st Century: Global Climate Change, Environmental Risks and Water Scarcity Regional Organizing Committee Chair- Prof. A. Shaviv, Technion-IIT Prof. Emeritus J. Hagin, Technion-IIT Dr. D. Broday, Technion-IIT Dr. S. Cohen, ARO, Volcani Center Dr. A. Furman, Technion-IIT Mr. G. Kalyan, Fertilizers & Chem. Ltd., Haifa Dr. A. Aliewi, House of Water and Environment, Ramallah Mrs. Lee Cornfield, Technion– IIT – Symposium secretary Scientific Committee In addition to the scientists listed above, the scientific committee included: Co-Chair Prof. R. Kanwar, Iowa State University Prof. R. Mohtar, Purdue University Prof. M. Walter, Cornell University Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium 2009 3 Preface The symposium aimed to re-examine knowledge gaps and R&D directions and needs, and to identify –based on this examination– possible modes and new approaches for coping with the increasing severity of water scarcity and quality and soil degradation. These issues were considered in terms of their effects on food security, that is, the foreseen difficulties in Crop and Food Production in a World of Global Changes, Environmental Problems, and Water Scarcity. Attention was also devoted to problems in arid and semi-arid regions, and specifically in the Eastern Mediterranean or in similar climatic regions, where problems of both fresh water supply and trans-boundary concerns must be managed. Accordingly, nine sessions were devoted to cover the main and diverse issues relevant to the objectives of the symposium. Thanks to the generous support of BARD and the Dahlia Greidinger Fund, a unique opportunity was provided for gathering a significant number of leading scientists and researchers from the US, Israel, Europe, China and India, to discuss the important issues and present approaches from different disciplines. This assembly of experts allowed a multi-disciplinary yet integrative and comprehensive view of Crop and Food Production in a World of Global Changes, Environmental Problems, and Water Scarcity. The first four topics addressed in the symposium (and thus four chapters in the proceedings) dealt with more general and global aspects: Global Climate Change and Water Issues," "Agriculture and Global Changes," "Irrigation, Plant Nutrition, and Pollution" and "Carbon Sequestration and Soil Productivity." State of the art knowledge and information with special reference to the symposium’s main theme were highlighted by worldwide leading experts. These were followed by presentations in which "Advances in Plant Sciences" were introduced by leading scientists in this discipline. In the next four sessions emphasis was placed on the more technical aspects relevant to the main theme: "Water Resources Management" (with an emphasis on region- specific and transboundary aspects), "Advances in Soil-Water-Plant Modeling," followed by "Irrigation with Reclaimed Wastewater," where key questions related to the sustainability of using reclaimed wastewater were highlighted, and ending with "Advances in Irrigation." At the end of this proceedings book, there is a summary highlighting the important findings and the main points stressed in the presentations as well as the subjects that require further investigation or issues that should serve as key topics for future research. This is followed by a short summary of the minutes taken at the final panel discussion held after all of the sessions had been concluded. We would like to reiterate our appreciation to BARD and the Dahlia Greidinger Memorial Fund for their generous support, which made this important meeting possible. Thanks are also due to the Grand Water Research Institute – GWRI and the Faculty of Civil and Environmental 4 Crop Production in the 21st Century Engineering at the Technion, and Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd., who contributed their time and effort and resources to support this event. Special thanks are also given to members of the Scientific Committee, the staff of the Department of "Environmental Engineering, Water and Agriculture, and particularly to Mrs. Lee Cornfield, who efficiently coordinated all the administrative arrangements and took responsibility over editing and publishing the Calls, The Book of Abstracts and finally these Proceedings. In the name of the organizing committee, Avi Shaviv and Ramesh Kanwar Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium 2009 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROCEEDINGS 1 PREFACE 3 SESSION 1: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER ISSUES 9 FUTURE PREDICTIONS OF MOISTURE BUDGET OVER THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASED ON A SUPER-HIGH-RESOLUTION GLOBAL MODEL9 Pinhas Alpert and Fengjun Jin GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER AVAILABILITY FOR CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE 22 J.W. Hopmans, G. Schoups, and E.P. Maurer SATELLITE-DERIVED DROUGHT ASSESSMENT: MERITS AND LIMITATIONS33 Arnon Karnieli, Nurit Agam, Rachel T. Pinker, Martha Anderson, Mark L. Imhoff, Garik G. Gutman, Natalya Panov, Alexander Goldberg GROUNDWATER AND ENERGY: THE PERFECT STORM 48 Michael Walter and Srabani Das Goswami SESSION 2: AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL CHANGES 62 USING DIVERSITY IN TIMES OF GLOBAL CHANGES: PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRIENTS AND WATER USE 62 Wrage, Nicole THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON N2O EMISSION RATES BY CHANGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND IN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 73 Sharon Avrahami, and Brendan J. M. Bohannan ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL PROFITABILITY AND LAND USE: THE CASE OF ISRAEL 85 Kan Iddo, Rapaport-Rom Mickey and Shechter Mordechai SESSION 3: IRRIGATION, PLANT NUTRITION AND POLLUTION 98 BEST AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION AND HYPOXIA IN WATER BODIES 98 Ramesh S. Kanwar 98 PLANT NUTRITION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GLOBAL FERTILIZER INDUSTRY 110 Luc M. Maene 6 Crop Production in the 21st Century SESSION 4: CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY 122 CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND COVER CROPPING: EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON, NITROGEN AND CROP WATER USE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA 122 Timothy Strickland, Dana Sullivan, Robert Hubbard1, Clinton Truman1, Jeffrey Wilson2, Gary Hawkins3, Dewey Lee, Scott Tubbs3, John Beasley, and Sharad Phatak 122 CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND WATER LOSS IN SEMI-ARID FOREST ECOSYSTEM 136 Eyal Rotenberg, Kadmiel Maseyk, Naama Raz Yessif, Ruth Ben Mair and Dan Yakir BIOCHAR FOR 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES: CARBON SINK, ENERGY SOURCE AND SOIL CONDITIONER 146 Ellen R. Graber SESSION 5: ADVANCES IN PLANT SCIENCES 157 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE TRAIT TO IMPROVE CROP YIELD IN WATER-DEFICIT ENVIRONMENTS 157 Thomas R. Sinclair THE TONOPLAST ROLE IN REGULATING PLANT STRESS TOLERANCE AND YIELD PRODUCTION 166 Nir Sade, Basia J. Vinocur, Alex Diber, Arava Shatil, Gil Ronen, Hagit Nissan, Rony Wallach, Hagai Karchi, & Menachem Moshelion THE PATTERNS OF SYNCHRONIZED PHYSIOLOGICALLY-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS IN WHOLE-PLANT TRANSPIRATION AND THEIR ROLE UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS 177 Rony Wallach, Noam Da-Costa, and Menachem Moshelion THE ISOHYDRIC RESPONSE TO SHADING: PREDICTING ORCHARD WATER USE UNDER SCREENS 189 Shabtai Cohen, Josef Tanny, and Amos Naor ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE INTERACTIONS OF PLANT, PATHOGEN AND MICROORGANISMS 198 Yigal Elad, Ohad Agra, Hananel Ben Kalifa Dalia Rav David, Menahem Burshtein and Dana Jacob SESSION 6: WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 206 ALLOCATING WATER WHEN AND WHERE THERE IS NOT ENOUGH 206 Daniel P. Loucks MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES IN RIVER BASINS OF THE CROSS-BORDER REGIONS. A CASE OF NERETVA RIVER VALLEY (CROATIA) 222 Davor Romić, Marija Romić, Gabrijel Ondrašek, Monika Zovko WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE WETLANDS IN TURKEY 230 Ibrahim Gürer, F. Ebru Yildiz, Ibrahim Uçar, Nilüfer Gürer Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium 2009 7 COMBINATION OF CATCHMENT BASIN MODELING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL REHABILITATION STRATEGIES FOR MULTIPLE USE TRANS-BOUNDARY STREAMS 242 Eran Friedler, Nir Becker SESSION 7: ADVANCES IN SOIL-WATER-PLANT MODELING 250 MODELING FOR RISK MANAGEMENT AND ADAPTATION SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 250 H. Meinke DETAILED MODELING AS AN ESSENTIAL STEP IN DEVELOPING NEW ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES: THE ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE (IPT) CASE STUDY 265 Shushanna Kington, Avi Shaviv and Uri Shavit NITRATE INFLUX KINETICS TO VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE CORN INTACT ROOT SYSTEM: DATA ACQUISITION FOR UPTAKE MODELING 275 Moshe Silberbush and Jonathan P. Lynch 275 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS FROM THE PENMAN-MONTEITH MODEL: SENSITIVITY TO CANOPY PARAMETERS 282 Matthias Langensiepen, Marcel Fuchs, Peter Wolf, Homero Bergamaschi RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE AS WELL AS ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATION 291 Zhongbing Lin and Renduo Zhang SESSION 8: IRRIGATION WITH RECLAIMED WASTEWATER 300 USE OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION IN ISRAEL 300 Avi Shaviv POTENTIAL MICROBIAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH UTILIZATION OF TREATED
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