Apple Scab Bruce R

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RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORT Apple Scab Bruce R. Fraedrich, PhD, Plant Pathology Scab is a leafspot disease that causes premature defoliation of crabapple and apple. Other species in the rose family including pyracantha and hawthorn may also be affected by scab fungi. Symptoms can also develop and drop prematurely (Figure 2). Scab lesions on fruit which can deform it and cause Apple scab is caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis fruit drop prior to ripening. which infects leaves, petioles and fruit of its host. Initial symptoms appear as olive-green, sooty spots on Disease Cycle leaf blades and petioles on young, developing foliage. Venturia inaequalis overwinters in infected, fallen As leaves age, the infected areas form definite spots leaves. Fruiting structures, known as perithecia, form which are slightly raised, black, and velvety in on the dead, fallen leaves in late winter. Spores are appearance (Figure 1). The lower sides of leaves produced in the fruiting structures that are forcibly become depressed and may cause leaf cupping. discharged into the air in spring with rainfall and As the infection develops, the leaves turn yellow warm temperatures. Spores are carried by wind currents to developing leaves and fruit where Figure 1: Apple scab leaf lesions infection occurs. Since all perithecia do not mature at the same time, spores are produced over a period of several months and as late as June. Secondary spores are also produced on leaf lesions which can cause infections later in the growing season. Control Some varieties of crabapple and apple have demonstrated resistance to apple scab. Locally Figure 2: Premature defoliation from scab adopted resistant varieties, which have the desired aesthetic foliage, fruit, and flower characteristics, should be planted when possible. Fungicide sprays will effectively suppress apple scab if applied at the proper intervals with good coverage. Optimally, three treatments at fourteen day intervals during leaf development in the spring will prevent premature defoliation from scab. Page 1 of 1 .

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Advances in Engineering Research, volume 170 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018) Effects of water stress on the growth status of five species of shrubs Pingwei Xiang1,a, Xiaoli Ma1,b, Xuefeng Liu1,c, Xiangcheng Yuan1,d, Zhihua Fu2,e* 1Chongqing three gorges academy of agricultural sciences, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China 2Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou, Chongqing,China [email protected],[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected] *Corresponding author. Pingwei Xiang and Xiaoli Ma contributed equally to this work. Keywords: Water stress; shrubs; leaf relative water content; leaf water retention Abstract: A pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of water stress on plant Blade retention, leaf relative moisture content (LRWC), Morphology and growth status, five drought-resistant plants (Pyracantha angustifolia, Pyracantha fortuneana, Pyracantha fortuneana ‘Harlequin’, Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardii’, Photinia glabra×Photinia serrulata ) were used as materials. The results showed that the drought resistant ability of five species of shrubs from strong to weak as follows: Ligustrum japonicum 'Howardii'，Pyracantha fortuneana ， Pyracantha angustifolia，Photinia glabra×Photinia serrulata，Pyracantha fortuneana 'Harlequin'. It was found with several Comprehensive indicators that the drought tolerance of Ligustrum japonicum 'Howardii' was significantly higher than that of the other four species, and its adaptability to water deficit was stronger,
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