2017 ICU Honolulu Committees Executive Committee

Publication Year: 2017

2017 ICUHonolulu, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and the Acoustical Society of Korea shall not be liable for personal injury or damage to property or damage caused by the use, manipulation, negligence or other methods of materials, products, guidelines or ideas contained herein.

ISBN 979-11-5610-347-9 (95500) Aloha! Greetings from Hawai’i!

We are pleased to invite you to the International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU), which will be held in Honolulu Hawaii on December 18 - 20, 2017. This Congress brings together multidisciplinary subjects on all aspects of Ultrasonics and will lead us into the future of “Eco-sound.”

The allure of Hawai`i is well known. However, few understand how deeply Aloha can energize our lives and renew our spirit. Come and join in the discussion on what’s being accomplished in our respective specialties. Relax your body but reinvigorate your mind as we all learn what role we can play in shaping our society.

Our Congress success will rely on how well the Aloha spirit will make an extraordinary experience for all who attend.

We welcome you in Waikiki, a paradise of “Green Sound.”

Suk Wang Yoon President International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU) / General Chair 2017 ICU Honolulu About the International Congress on Ultrasonics

The International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU) was constituted in 2005 as the result of the merger of two existing international Congresses: The World Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU) and Ultrasonics International (UI). The ICU is currently an international affiliated member of the International Commission for Acoustics (ICA), the parent organization of many national and regional acoustical societies.

The history of the ICU, as the merger of the two previous Congresses on ultrasound, is relatively short. However, the history of the two Congresses integrating ICU, is much longer: the UI started in the 1960s and the WCU started in 1993. UI, the first international congress devoted to ultrasound, was linked to the journal “Ultrasonics” created by the group Butterworth-Heinemann in England and later acquired by the well-known publisher Elsevier. The WCU was created in 1993, as an independent world congress, by a group of ultrasound scientists from several countries. The third WCU was held in Lyngby, Denmark jointly with the UI. This meeting was a first attempt towards a merger of WCU and UI. Finally, the last WCU meeting, again jointly with UI, was held in Beijing, China in 2005. This meeting marked the starting point of the definitive merger of both Congresses into the present ICU.

In fact, the first 2007 ICU Vienna was held at the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, the second 2009 ICU Santiago in Chile, the third 2011 ICU in Gdansk, Poland, and the fourth 2013 ICU was held in Singapore. In 2015 the fifth ICU was held in Metz, France. The sixth ICU will be held in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A for December 18 – 20, 2017. About the Hosting Organizations The Acoustical Society of Korea Since the Acoustical Society of Korea (ASK) was formed in 1981, it has been healthily grown in membership and in stature. The present ASK membership is over 3,000 members in academia and industries, who work as leaders in Acoustics in the world as well as in Korea.

Important roles of ASK have been to publish the Journal of Acoustical Society of Korea (JASK) bimonthly, and to hold two annual meetings in May and November. The JASK is accredited as a Korea Citation Index Journal by Korea National Research Foundation. Papers are published in the 12 technical categories: Acoustic Signal Processing, Acoustic Communication, Electroacoustics, Psychological and Music Acoustics, New Media Research, Underwater Acoustics, Physical Acoustics, Bioacoustics, Ultrasonics, Architectural Acoustics, Structural Acoustics, and Linguistics.

The ASK annually holds underwater acoustics conference, acoustic signal processing conference, and architectural sound workshops, and also grants hearing-aid expert certification system. The Society recognizes distinguished achievement in acoustics by a series of awards: Emile Grand Award, Emile Technical Award, Best Paper Award, B&K Student Award, and ASK President Citation. University of Hawaii at Manoa Nestled in idyllic Mānoa Valley in Honolulu, Hawai‘i, the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UHM) is a leading center for higher learning throughout the Pacific Rim.

UHM is one of the 115 “R1: Research Universities”, considered the top tier in the nation, and one of a handful of land-, sea- and space- grant institutions. It is a global leader in earth and environmental sciences, consistently ranked among the top 15 universities internationally, ahead of some of the world’s most prestigious schools. Our researchers provide world class expertise to local leaders on important issues including sustainability, climate, food systems, and Hawai‘i’s unique health issues.

Currently, the University has an enrollment of over 18,000, and more specifically, the College of Engineering (CoE) supports more than 1500 active students. Since classes began over a century ago in 1908, engineering has played an integral role in the institution’s curriculum. It remains so today. The College offers BS, MS, and PhD degrees in three major areas of intensive study including Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. It also offers a BS in Computer Engineering.

As College’s vision states, “The College of Engineering is dedicated to world-class education and research, producing the entrepreneurial and innovative human and intellectual capital required to be competitive in an ever-increasing technological and global society. Through our graduates and our research, we provide people and discoveries to transform lives and to support vibrant, knowledge-based economies. We are inspired by the principles of sustainability and resilience, flavored by our unique island environment.”, the UHM CoE will maintain its unique identity! 2017 ICU Honolulu Committees Executive Committee

Suk Wang Yoon, Ph.D. President, International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU) General Chair, 2017 ICU Honolulu Professor of Physics SungKyunKwan University Republic of Korea Song K. Choi, Ph.D. Secretary General, 2017 ICU Honolulu Assistant Dean, College of Engineering University of Hawaii, Manoa U.S.A. Kendall H. Kido Coordinator, 2017 ICU Honolulu U.S.A. Hwi Suk Kang Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Republic of Korea Wan-Gu Kim Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Republic of Korea Changgun Song Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Republic of Korea Technical Committee Co-Chair Co-Chair Thomas J. Matula, Ph.D. Yoshiaki Watanabe, Ph.D. Director Professor, Deptartment of Center for Industrial and Biomedical Information Medical Ultrasound (CIMU) Faculty of Life and Medical Applied Physics Laboratory Sciences University of Washington Doshisha University Seattle, WA 98105, U.S.A. Kyoto, Japan

Representative of Europe Kang Il Lee, Ph.D. Badreddine Assouar, Ph.D. Professor Research Scientist Department of Physics Institut Jean Lamour Kangwon National University Université de Lorraine Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

Hideyuki Nomura, Ph.D. Jin Ho Chang, Ph.D. Associate Professor Associate Professor, Department of Communication Department of Electric Engineering and Informatics Engineering / Biomedical University of Electro- Engineering, Communications Sogang University Tokyo, Japan Seoul, Republic of Korea

International Organizing Committee Leonard Bond, U.S.A. Pascal Laugier, France Younho Cho, Korea Peter A. Lewin, U.S.A. Larry Crum, U.S.A. Bogumil Linde, Poland Marc Dechamps, France Kentaro Nakamura, Japan Nico Declercq, Belgium Michiel Postema, Norway Jürg Dual, Switzerland Stefan Radel, Austria Arthur G. Every, South Africa Enrique Riera, Spain Luis Gaete-Garreton, Chile Wolfgang Sachse, U.S.A. Vitalyi Gusev, France Xiuming Wang, China Sigrun Hirsekorn, Germany Jens E. Wilhjelm, Denmark Hiroshi Kanai, Japan Session Organizers and Chairs

I. Akiyama, Japan L. Le, U.S.A. B. Assouar, France K. I. Lee, Korea J.Allen, U.S.A. B. Liang, China K. Baik, Korea T. J. Matula, U.S.A. F. Balle, Germany O. Matsuda, Japan N. Boechler, U.S.A. A. Maznev, U.S.A. L. J. Bond, U.S.A. A. Merkel, Spain J. H. Chang, Korea F. Muenzel, Germany P. Chitnis, U.S.A. H. Nagata, Japan Y. Cho, Korea H. Nomura, Japan J. W. Choi, Korea K. Nakamura, Japan J. Christensen, Spain Y. Ohara, Japan C. C. Coussios, UK Y. Pennec, France L. A. Crum, U.S.A. I. Park, Korea N. F. Declercq, France Z. Su, Hong Kong C. L. De Korte, Netherlands O. A. Sapozhnikov, Russia B. Djafari-Rouhani, France S.-I. Sakamoto, Japan A. Every, South Africa K. M. Tant, UK A. Feeney, UK V. Tournat, France L. Gaete-Garreton, Chile S.-I. Umemura, Japan M. R. Haberman, U.S.A. M. Versluis, Netherlands C.-C Huang, Taiwan J. Wang, China H. Hasegawa, Japan X. Wang, China B. Helfield, Canada Y.-S. Wang, China H. Hu, China O. B. Wright, Japan N. Hu, China Y. Watanabe, Japan J. Y. Hwang, Korea K. A. Wear, U.S.A. Y. Y. Kim, Korea X. Xie, China K. Kim, U.S.A. A. C. Yu, Canada V. A. Khokhlova, Russia C. Yang, U.S.A. V. Laude, France X. Zou, China Acknowledgements We would like express our special thanks and gratitude to our session organizers, plenary lecturers and invited speakers as well as to the conference participants whose continued support has allowed us the opportunity to hold the International Congress on Ultrasonics here in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

The online service DC/ConfOrg for 2017 ICU Honolulu has been made possible with the help of Didier Cassereau. We appreciate his dedicated service. Plenary Lectures

1. “The Best Short Range Active Sonar System on this Planet: the Ultrasonic Sonar of Dolphins” Plenary Speaker: W. Au Emeritus Research Professor Hawai`i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai`i at Manoa U.S.A.

2. “Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures” Plenary Speaker: P. Sheng Dr William M W Mong Chair Professor of Nanoscience Department of Physics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China 18 December 2017

304A 305B 306 307A 307B 308A 308B 309

Underwater Optomechanical Bubbles Acoustic Network Structures and 8:00 Fluidics Communications and Cavitation 1 and Detection Opto-acoustics

Plenary 10:00 Lecture 1

Acoustic BAW and SAW Engineering Ultrasound Acoustic Nondestructive Acoustics Resonators Applications of Signal and Phononic Evaluation and 11:00 and Power Image Crystals 1 and Cells Applications Ultrasonics Processing Technology 1

Acoustic Ultrasound in Ultrasound Guided Waves Acoustic and Modeling of Industrial Elasticity Advances in and Their Elastic Sound Fields Processing Imaging and Biomedical 13:00 Applications in Metamaterials 1 in Complex and Material Biomedical Ultrasound NDE 1 Environments Engineering Applications 1

Authors’ 15:00 Workshop 19 December 2017

304A 305B 306 307A 307B 308A 308B 309

Linear and Applications of Acoustic and Nonlinear Nonlinear Novel Sensors Bubbles Life at the Ultrasound Elastic Granular Acoustics to and and Intersection of 8:00 in Air Metamaterials 2 Metamaterials Measurements Actuators Cavitation 2 Light and Sound and Devices and Imaging

Plenary 10:00 Lecture 2

Reservoir High-frame Guided Waves Ultrasonic Acoustic Acoustics Picosecond Rate and Their Motors, Safety of Ultrasonic Bone Phononic and Borehole Laser Ultrasound 11:00 Applications Actuators, Ultrasound Characterization Crystals 2 Acoustic Ultrasonics 1 Imaging and in NDE 2 and Sensors Logging 1 Applications

Acoustic Ultrasound Acoustic and Guided Waves Ultrasonic Nondestructive Thermo- Elasticity Imaging Elastic in Physical Cavitation 13:00 Evaluation and acoustics and Biomedical Metamaterials 3 Acoustics for Therapy Technology 2 Applications 2

Memorial 15:00 Session for Poster Session Leif Bjørnø 20 December 2017

304A 305B 306 307A 307B 308A 308B 309

Reservoir Acoustic High-frequency Acoustic Acoustics and Picosecond Nondestructive Ultrasound and Elastic Borehole Laser 8:00 Evaluation and and Metamaterials 4 Acoustic Ultrasonics 2 Technology 3 Cell Imaging Logging 2

Acoustic Guided Waves Ultrasonic Acoustic Metasurfaces Bubbles and Their Transducers Phononic and and 11:00 Applications in for Imaging and Crystals 3 Topological Cavitation 3 NDE 3 Therapy Metamaterials

Closing 13:00 Ceremony

15:00 Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 1

Table of Contents Author speaker is underlined. Invited paper is marked ∗.

Monday 18 December 2017

Plenary Lecture 1 Room: 306 Time: 10:00 Chair: S. W. Yoon

10:00 The best sonar system on this planet: the ultrasonic sonar of dolphins∗ 23 W. Au

Acoustic Fluidics Room: 304A Time: 8:00 Chair: V. A. Khokhlova

8:00 Spreading of Water Drop On a Vibrating Surface 23 N. Candia Muñoz, L. Gaete-Garretón, Y. Vargas-Hernández and J. Meneses-D´ıaz

8:15 Measurement and Simulation of Acoustic Radiation Force from Focused Ultra- 24 sound Beam Acting on a Spherical Scatterer in Water M. M. Karzova, A. V. Nikolaeva, S. A. Tsysar, V. A. Khokhlova and O. A. Sapozhnikov 8:30 Elucidating the Mechanism of Paracetamol Sonocrystallization for Product Pu- 24 rity Enhancement C. Forbes, T. T. Nguyen, R. L. Leary and C. J. Price 8:45 Recent Advances and Opportunities of Mechanical Metamaterials 25 E. G. Karpov and L. A. Danso

Bubbles and Cavitation 1 Room: 308B Time: 8:00 Chair: T. J. Matula, M. Versluis

8:00 Lipid Intermolecular Forces and Microbubble Resonance∗ 25 M. Borden

8:25 High-Precision Acoustic Measurements of the Nonlinear Dilatational Elasticity 25 of Phospholipid-Coated Monodisperse Microbubbles∗ T. Segers, E. Gaud, M. Versluis and P. Frinking 8:50 Propagation of ultrasound through a microbubble population: Eﬀect of ultra- 26 sound pressure, frequency, microbubble concentration and lipid shell properties∗ A. Jafarisojahrood, Q. Li, H. Haghi, R. Karshaﬁan, T. M. Porter and M. C. Kolios

Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Room: 307B Time: 8:00 Chair: J. Wang

8:00 Proposal for optical beam-steering with optomechanical antennas on a silicon 26 chip∗ R. Van Laer, C. J. Sarabalis and A. H. Safavi-Naeini 2 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

8:25 Non-reciprocal and chiral acoustics in optomechanical systems∗ 27 G. Bahl

8:50 Dissipative optomechanical cooling of a glass-ﬁber nanospike coupled to a bottle 27 resonator R. Pennetta, S. Xie, R. Zeltner and P. S. J. Russell 9:05 Doubly-resonant nanostructure for enhanced acousto-optical modulation 27 V. Laude, A. Belkhir, M. Addouche, S. Benchabane, A. Khelif and F. I. Baida

9:20 Propagation of Elastic Waves along 1D Phononic Crystal Nanowalls 28 Y. Pennec, A. Gueddida, E. Alonso-Redondo, E. H. El Boudouti, S. Yang, G. Fytas and B. Djafari-Rouhani

Underwater Network Communications and Detection Room: 305B Time: 8:00 Chair: J. W. Choi

8:00 Range measurement of active underwater source using Doppler frequency esti- 28 mation W.-J. Park, K.-M. Kim, M.-S. Han and J.-Y. Choi 8:15 Long-range Underwater Acoustic Communications in the East Sea of Korea 29 H. Kim, S. Kim, K.-H. Choi and J. W. Choi

8:30 Optimal deployment of vector sensor nodes based on Performance Surface of 29 underwater acoustic communication S. Kim and J. W. Choi 8:45 Analysis of Passive Time-reversal Communication Performance in Shallow Wa- 30 ter with Underwater Sound Channel Axis K.-H. Choi, S. Kim and J. W. Choi 9:00 Acoustical Inversion Method using Cepstrum Analysis of Underwater Ship Noise 30 C. S. Park, G.-D. Kim, G.-T. Yim and H. Ahn

Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Room: 305B Time: 11:00 Chair: L. J. Bond

11:00 Development of a Numerical Test Bed for Ultrasonic Inspection of Highly Re- 30 inforced Concrete∗ M. T. Baquera and L. J. Bond 11:25 Quality-factor and frequency shifts of suspended Ge membranes 31 L. Zhou, G. Colston, O. Trushkevych, M. Myronov, D. Leadley and R. S. Edwards

11:40 Enhanced surface defect detection using focused electromagnetic acoustic trans- 31 ducers (EMATs) C. B. Thring, S. Hill, W. E. Somerset, A. Feeney and R. S. Edwards 11:55 FEM Study of Grain Size Evaluation in Polycrystalline Materials 32 Z. Youxuan, N. Hu and J. Qu

12:10 Laser-induced ultrasound imaging for evaluation of temperature ﬁelds in paratel- 32 lurite optical crystal V. P. Zarubin, K. B. Yushkov, A. I. Chizhikov, V. Y. Molchanov, S. A. Tretiakov, A. I. Kolesnikov, E. B. Cherepetskaya and A. A. Karabutov Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 3

12:25 Experimental Evaluation of Impact Damage in an Adhesive Bonding Using Non- 33 linear Ultrasonic Method G. Shui and Y.-S. Wang 12:40 Ultrasonic NDT and In-situ Acoustic Flow Control of Residual Stress 33 C. Xu

Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1 Room: 304A Time: 11:00 Chair: Y. Pennec

11:00 Non-hermitian valley states in artiﬁcial acoustic meta-crystals∗ 33 J. Christensen

11:25 Acoustic Topological States 34 C. He, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen

11:40 Some Novel Eﬀects of Phononic Crystals for Surface Acoustic Waves 34 S.-Y. Yu, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen

Acoustics and Cells Room: 309 Time: 11:00 Chair: A. C. Yu

11:00 High-frequency ultrasound microbeam techniques: from cell manipulation to 34 phyenotyping∗ J. Y. Hwang 11:25 Simple evaluation method of acoustic trapping performance by tracking motion 35 of trapped microparticle C. Yoon and H.G. Lim 11:40 Enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Using Cavitation Bub- 35 bles for Sonodynamic Treatment S. Nishitaka, D. Mashiko, R. Iwasaki, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura 11:55 Cetuximab coated albumin nanobubbles for enhanced cell killing and apoptosis 36 of oral squamous carcinoma cells A. Watanabe, H. Sheng, K. Narihira, S. Kondo, T. Kikuta and K. Tachibana 12:10 Dynamics of Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Induced Sonoporation on Single cell 36 Y. Feng

BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Room: 307B Time: 11:00 Chair: V. Laude

11:00 Recent Progress on Quartz Crystal Resonators for Frequency Control Applica- 36 tions∗ M.-C. Chao and J. Wang 11:25 Optimal Orientations of Quartz Crystals for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators 37 with the Consideration of Thermal Properties J. Wang, L. Zhang, L. Xie, H. Huang, M. Ma, J. Du, M.-C. Chao, S. Shen and R. Wu 11:40 Acoustoﬂuidic Multibody Simulations of Hydrodynamically and Acoustically 37 Interacting Particles Beyond the Rayleigh Limit T. Baasch and J. Dual 4 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

11:55 Enhanced ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties in La modiﬁed BiFeO3- 38 PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ceramics prepared by tape casting S. Shen, J. Chen and J. Cheng 12:10 Theoretical and experimental study of c-axis-tilted ScAlN / sapphire for SAW 38 devices with high electromechanical coupling S. Tokuda, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani

Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics Room: 308A Time: 11:00 Chair: F. Balle

11:00 Ultrasonic Joining of Hybrid Materials and Structures for Engineering Applica- 38 tions∗ F. Balle 11:25 Ultrasonic Complex Vibration Welding Systems Using Two- dimensional Vibra- 39 tion Stress -Ultrasonic welding using various welding tips - J. Tsujino 11:40 Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ozone Treatment on Oil Recovery Wastewater 39 from Polymer Flooding W. Song, S. Yu, L. Zhang and W. Wang 11:55 Dynamic Characteristics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers 40 A. Feeney, L. Kang, G. Rowlands and S. Dixon

Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Room: 308B Time: 11:00 Chair: J. H. Chang

11:00 Simultaneous Enhancement of B-Mode Axial and Lateral Resolution using Axial 40 Deconvolution A.´ Makra, G. Cs´any, K. Szalai and M. Gy¨ongy 11:15 Development of skin thickness measurement algorithm for HIFU treatment guid- 41 ance E.-J. Shin, J. Lee and J. H. Chang 11:30 Reconstruction of wavespeed maps using seismic full waveform inversion 41 E. Bachmann and J. Tromp

11:45 Evaluation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Normal and Myocardial Infarction Hearts 41 Using Echodynamography S. Oktamuliani, K. Hasegawa and Y. Saijo 12:00 Two-dimensional Blood Flow Vectors Obtained with a Single Sector Probe 42 M. Maeda, R. Nagaoka, S. Yaegashi, H. Ikeda and Y. Saijo

12:15 Eﬀects of ﬂow velocities on the pressure wave using a blood vessel mimicking 42 tube F. Iwase, S.-Y. Shimada and M. Matsukawa Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 5

Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Room: 304A Time: 13:00 Chair: B. Assouar

13:00 Discovery of Transmodal Fabry-Perot Resonance for Elastic Wave Mode Con- 43 version∗ Y. Y. Kim, J. M. Kweun and X. Yang 13:25 Elastic waves in tunable acoustic metamaterials by active control 43 Y.-Z. Wang and Y.-S. Wang

13:40 Elastic wave lens and mirror concepts for enhanced energy harvesting 43 S. Tol, L. Degertekin and A. Erturk

13:55 Stress wave mitigation and ﬁltering via origami-based metamaterials 44 H. Yasuda and J. Yang

14:10 Elastic Metamaterial for Vibration Shielding at Broad Low Frequencies 44 J. H. Oh, S. Qi, Y. Y. Kim and B. Assouar

Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Room: 307B Time: 13:00 Chair: N. F. Declercq

13:00 Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of complex media - case studies∗ 44 N. F. Declercq, L. Chehami, P. Pomar`ede, F. Meraghni, E. Ahmed Mohammed and O. Ez-Zahraouy 13:25 Ultrasound ﬁeld simulation in crystal-based acousto-optic devices 45 S. N. Mantsevich, V. I. Balakshy, K. B. Yushkov and V. Y. Molchanov

13:40 Grain Shape Dependent Coherent Wave Attenuation in Heterogeneous Media 45 M. Ryzy, T. Grabec and I. A. Veres

13:55 Additively Manufactured Acoustic Diﬀuser Structures for Ultrasonic Applica- 46 tions L. Claes, H. Zeipert, P. Koppa, T. Tr¨oster and B. Henning 14:10 Experiments and Simulations of the Standing Wave Acoustic Field Produced by 46 Two Transducers Mounted in Contraposition H. Dong, L. Jia, Y. Guan and J. Zhao

Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound Room: 309 Time: 13:00 Chair: J. Allen, C.-C. Huang

13:00 3D Blood vessel mapping for small animal using high frequency ultrafast Doppler 47 Imaging∗ C.-C. Huang 13:25 Estimation of the linear displacement and rotation movement of the extensor 47 digitorum communis tendon based on ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imaging C.-C. Huang, M.-Y. Wang and P.-Y. Chen 13:40 Instantaneous Frequency and Phase of Coupled Microbubble Oscillations 48 J. Allen and R. Hayashi 6 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

13:55 A Stippling Algorithm to Generate Equivalent Point Scatterer Distributions 48 from Ultrasound Images K. Füzesi, A.´ Makra and M. Gyöngy 14:10 A Low-Cost Portable Ultrasound System for Skin Diagnosis 48 G. Csány, K. Szalai, K. Füzesi and M. Gyöngy

14:25 A smart-phone Based Portable Ultrasound Imaging system for Point-Of-Care 49 applications S. Yeo, J. H. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kye, Y. Lee and T.-K. Song

Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 Room: 305B Time: 13:00 Chair: N. Hu, Z. Su

13:00 In-situ Health Monitoring of Space Structures Under Hypervelocity Impact: 49 Hybrid Use of Passive Acoustic Emission and Active Nonlinear Guided Waves∗ Z. Su 13:25 Guided wave propagation characteristics in two layers cylindrical porous 49 medium -containing half-space structure H. Qingbang 13:40 An improved two-stage rapid reconstruction scheme for Lamb wave tomography 50 Y. Liu, S. Qin, X. Liu and N. Hu

13:55 A High-sensitivity and Fast-response Nanocomposites-inspired Sensor for 50 Acousto-ultrasonics-based Structural Health Monitoring Y. Liao, F. Duan, L. Zhou and Z. Su 14:10 Optical Visualization of Leaky Lamb Wave and Its Application in Nondestruc- 51 tive Testing Z. An, Z. Hu, J. Mao, G. Lian and X. Wang 14:25 Flow Imaging of Metallic Melts through a Multimode Waveguide 51 R. Nauber, M. Kalibatas and J. Czarske

14:40 Modelling Guided Waves in Layered Media Materials Using the State-vector 51 Formalism and Legendre Polynomial Method Y. Lu, J. Gao, G. R. Song, B. Wu and C. F. He

Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 Room: 308B Time: 13:00 Chair: K. Kim

13:00 Advances in Optical Coherence Elastography∗ 52 Z. Chen

13:25 Elastography of ocular tissues using acoustic radiation force and optical meth- 52 ods∗ S. Aglyamov 13:50 New Multi-Physics Strategies to Induce Shear Waves in Soft Tissues for Me- 52 chanical Assessment of Tissue Properties∗ G. Cloutier, P. Grasland-Mongrain, F. Lesage and S. Catheline 14:15 Shear Wave Propagation Imaging by Color Doppler Shear Wave Elastography 53 Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamazaki and K. Taniuchi

14:30 The Role of Shear Waves in the Generation of the Radiation Force on an Elastic 53 Sphere in a Liquid by a Quasi-Gaussian Acoustic Beam O. A. Sapozhnikov, A. V. Nikolaeva and M. R. Bailey Abstract book 2017 ICU Honolulu 7

Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Room: 308A Time: 13:00 Chair: L. Gaete-Garret´on, H. Nagata

13:00 High-Power Piezoelectric Characteristics of Bi-based Lead- free Piezoelectric 54 Ceramics H. Nagata 13:15 Atomization Threshold in a Layer of Distilled Water under Vertical Vibrations 54 L. Gaete-Garretón, Y. Vargas-Hernández, J. Meneses-D´ıaz and B. B. Lagos-Farfán

13:30 Experimental Study of Aging Oil Viscosity Reduction Caused by Ultrasound 55 J. Qiao, W. Song, W. Wang, X. Yuan and L. Li

13:45 Experimental study of ultrasound-assisted cyanide leaching of gold 55 X. Yu, S. Yu, X. Yuan, W. Wang and W. Song

14:00 Ultrasonic metal welding changing the shape of vibration locus by ultrasonic 55 complex vibration source Y. Tamada, T. Asami and H. Miura 14:15 Development of ultrasonic complex vibration source using square prism rod with 56 diagonal slits T. Asami and H. Miura 14:30 Closed Loop Control of Cavitation - A Sonomechatronic Approach 56 J. Twiefel and K.-A. Saalbach

Authors’ Workshop Room: 304A Time: 15:00 Chair: A. Every, F. Muenzel

Tuesday 19 December 2017

Plenary Lecture 2 Room: 306 Time: 10:00 Chair: B. Assouar

10:00 Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures∗ 57 P. Sheng

Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Room: 304A Time: 8:00 Chair: B. Assouar

8:00 Acoustic Topological States in Topological Phononic Crystals∗ 57 Y.-F. Chen, C. He, M.-H. Lu and X. Ni

8:25 Tunable Manipulation of Lamb Waves in Fluid-Solid Phononic Slabs 58 Y.-F. Wang, Y.-S. Wang and V. Laude

8:40 Reprogrammable phononic metamaterial 58 O. Bilal, A. Foehr and C. Daraio 8 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

8:55 Bifurcation of avoided crossings in the dispersion of sound and light in locally 58 resonant media A. Maznev 9:10 Scattering Properties and Fano Resonances in a Pillared Metasurface 59 Y. Pennec, Y. Jin and B. Djafari-Rouhani

Applications of Nonlinear Acoustics to Measurements and Imaging Room: 307A Time: 8:00 Chair: H. Nomura, Y. Ohara

8:00 Nonlinear ultrasonic phased array for closed crack imaging∗ 59 Y. Ohara

8:25 Application of Parametric Ultrasound to Low-frequency Acoustic Imaging∗ 59 H. Nomura

8:50 Harmonic Imaging of Multiple Defects in Solid Material by Aerial Ultrasonic 60 Beam Y. Mukaiyama, A. Osumi and Y. Ito 9:05 Non-contact Harmonic Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Surface Properties 60 of Mortar Having Fire Damage T. Saito, A. Osumi and Y. Ito 9:20 A Novel Sensitivity Matrix Construction Method FOR Ultrasonic Tomography 60 N. Li, K. Xu and J. Jiao

Bubbles and Cavitation 2 Room: 308B Time: 8:00 Chair: C. C. Coussios, M. Versluis

8:00 Acoustic cavitation from nanocups∗ 61 J. Kwan, G. Lajoinie, N. De Jong, E. Stride, M. Versluis and C. C. Coussios

8:25 Non-spherical bubble oscillations drive the ultrasound-mediated release from 61 targeted microbubbles∗ M. Versluis 8:50 Multibubble Sonoluminescence and Bubble Dynamics in Glycerol-water Mix- 62 tures P.-K. Choi and M. Ban 9:05 Water-Molecular Emission from Acoustic Bubbles under Electric Fields 62 H.-B. Lee and P.-K. Choi

Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Room: 309 Time: 8:00 Chair: X. Wang, C. Yang

8:00 Photoacoustic tissue characterization toward potential in vivo biopsy∗ 62 X. Wang

8:25 Fast Time Reversal Ultrasound Encoded Optical Focusing for Deep Brain Op- 63 togenetic Activation∗ C. Yang 8:50 Transcranial transmission of shock waves by a Laser-generated Carbon Nano 63 Tube transducer M. Lee, D.-G. Paeng, K. Ha and M. J. Choi Abstract book 2017 ICU Honolulu 9

9:05 Three-dimensional Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Combined Microscope for 64 Imaging of Skin Micro Vasculature Y. Saijo, R. Nagaoka, H. Iwazaki, T. Omuro, T. Ida, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura 9:20 Identiﬁcation of prostate cancer in ex vivo human prostates by photoacoustic 64 physio-chemical analysis Y. Chen, Y. Qin, J. Pan, S. Huang, C. Xu, D. Wu, T. Feng, J. Yuan, X. Wang, G. Xu and Q. Cheng 9:35 Carbon Nanotubes as Potential Candidate for Photoacoustic Imaging Contrast 65 Agent S. Siregar, R. Nagaoka and Y. Saijo

Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Room: 305B Time: 8:00 Chair: V. Gusev, V. Tournat 8:00 Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nonlinear Phenomena in Microscale 65 Granular Media via Laser Ultrasonics∗ N. Boechler 8:25 Polydispersed Granular Chains: From Long-lived Chaotic Anderson-like Local- 66 ization to Energy Equipartition V. Achilleos, G. Theocharis and C. Skokos 8:40 Vibrational Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Micro-granular Crystal Studied via 66 Laser-induced Transient Gratings A. Vega-Flick, R. A. Duncan, S. P. Wallen, N. Boechler, C. Stelling, M. Retsch, J.-J. Alvarado-Gil, K. A. Nelson and A. Maznev 8:55 Strongly nonlinear hysteretic propagation of torsional waves in a granular chain 66 A. Cebrecos, P. B´equin, G. Theocharis, V. E. Gusev and V. Tournat

9:10 Tuning the Vibrational Response of Microscale Granular Crystals via Manipu- 67 lation of Nanoscale Contact Features M. Abi Ghanem, A. Khanolkar, J. Eliason, A. Maznev, N. Vogel and N. Boechler

Novel Sensors and Actuators Room: 307B Time: 8:00 Chair: K. Baik

8:00 Densely packed semi-random spherical array transducer to su-ppress grating 67 lobe levels in real-time photoacoustic imaging S.-I. Umemura, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and Y. Saijo 8:15 The Eﬀect of Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure on the Performance of Ultrasonic Soft 68 Tissue Cutting Tips M. Wilkie and M. Lucas 8:30 Ultrasonically assisted cutting blades for large bone surgeries 68 D. Richards and M. Lucas

8:45 Focusing of ultrasound using ﬂat piston transducer and Fresnel Zone Plate for 69 Medical Imaging K. Baik, S. Kim, Y. T. Kim, I. Doh, J. Hyun and H. J. Lee 9:00 Kerﬂess Phased Array Using Sol-Gel Composite Spraying Technique 69 M. Tanabe, M. Kobaysahi, K. Nakatsuma and M. Nishimoto

9:15 Wide-band Design of Diaphragm pMUT based on Induction of Strain in Film 69 Thickness Direction by Aspect Ratio Control Y. Ishiguro, N. Tagawa and T. Okubo 10 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Ultrasound in Air Room: 308A Time: 8:00 Chair: K. Nakamura

8:00 Ultrasonic Characterization of Noodle Dough for the Development of Air- 70 coupled Ultrasound On-line Quality Control During Production R.-M. Guillermic, S. O. Kerherv´e, H. Wang, A. Strybulevych, D. W. Hatcher, M. G. Scanlon and J. H. Page 8:15 Directivity of a circular transverse vibrating plate type aerial ultrasonic source 70 with a truncated cone shaped reﬂective plate H. Yoshino, T. Asami and H. Miura 8:30 Analysis of Vertical Sound Image Control with Parametric Loudspeakers 71 S. Aoki, K. Shimizu and K. Itou

8:45 Divergence control of ultrasonic sound waves generated by a parametric speaker 71 Y. Matsui, M. Oi, G. Cheng, X. Wu and H. Furuhashi

Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2 Room: 304A Time: 11:00 Chair: Y.-S. Wang

11:00 Eﬀect of diﬀraction modes on acoustic bandgap formation in two-dimensional 72 phononic crystal in water H. S. Kang, W.-G. Kim, S. W. Yoon and K. I. Lee 11:15 Guided Elastic Waves in Nanoscaled 1D Piezoelectric Phononic Crystals 72 A. Chen, D.-J. Yan and Y.-S. Wang

11:30 Ceramic Phononic Crystals with MHz-range Frequency Band Gaps 72 M. Koller, A. Kruisova, H. Seiner, P. Sedl´ak, M. Landa, B. Roman-Manso, P. Miranzo, M. Belmonte and T. Grabec

Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Room: 305B Time: 11:00 Chair: O. A. Sapozhnikov

11:00 Application of Improved Orthogonal Polynomial Expansion Method in Calcu- 73 lating Dispersion Curves on Layered Semi-inﬁnite Structure G. R. Song, M. K. Liu, Y. Lu, B. Wu and C. F. He 11:15 Acoustic Delay-Lines Based on Wedge Waves 73 C.-H. Yang and P.-H. Tung

11:30 Non-Contact Monitoring of Fatigue Damage in Metallic Plates Using Laser- 73 Generated Zero-Group Velocity Lamb Waves G. Yan, S. Raetz, N. Chigarev, V. E. Gusev and V. Tournat 11:45 Phased Waveguide Array for Ultrasonic Imaging in Aggressive Liquids 74 S. A. Tsysar, S. A. Petrosyan, V. D. Svet and O. A. Sapozhnikov

12:00 Characterization of Micro-crack Evolution Using Nonlinear Lamb Waves 74 C. Ma, W. Zhu, Y. Xiang, M. Deng and H. Zhang

12:15 Guided Wave Inspection for Rail Foot Using Piezoelectric Probe 75 R. Lin, Y. Wen, Y. Ma and H. Ma Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 11

12:30 Finite Element Modeling of Microcrack Detection in Plate by Nonlinear Lamb 75 Waves Y. Liu, S. Ma and H. Zhang

High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications Room: 308A Time: 11:00 Chair: C. L. De Korte, H. Hasegawa

11:00 High frame-rate carotid ultrasound imaging∗ 76 H. H. Hansen, S. Fekkes, A. E. Saris, P. Van Lochem and C. L. De Korte

11:25 Vector Projectile Imaging (VPI): Dynamic Flow Visualization Using High Frame 76 Rate Ultrasound∗ A. C. Yu 11:50 Adaptive Beamformer with Phase Coherence Weighting Applied to Ultrafast 76 Ultrasound∗ H. Hasegawa and M. Mozumi 12:15 Computationally Eﬃcient Super Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Based on Mul- 77 tiple Transmission/Reception with Diﬀerent Carrier Frequencies J. Zhu and N. Tagawa 12:30 3-D Electromechanical activation mapping of the heart in canines and humans 77 in vivo J. Grondin, D. Wang, N. Trayanova and E. Konofagou

Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Room: 307B Time: 11:00 Chair: O. B. Wright

11:00 Theoretical models supporting some recent experiments in picosecond laser ul- 78 trasonics∗ V. E. Gusev 11:25 Time-domain Brillouin scattering assisted by diﬀraction gratings∗ 78 O. Matsuda, T. Pezeril, I. Chaban, K. Fujita and V. E. Gusev

11:50 Longitudinal sound velocities, elastic anisotropy and phase transition of highly 79 pressurized H2O ice evaluated by picosecond acoustic interferometry M. Kuriakose, S. Raetz, Q.-M. Hu, S. M. Nikitin, N. Chigarev, V. Tournat, A. Bulou, A. Lomonosov, P. Djemia, V. E. Gusev and A. Zerr 12:05 Temperature Dependence of Polycrystalline Aluminum Thin Film Elastic Con- 79 stants by In-Situ Brillouin Light Scattering and Picosecond Ultrasonics P. Djemia, L. Belliard, F. Challali, N. Girodon-Boulandet and D. Faurie 12:20 Probing the van der Waals coupling of 2D materials by using Terahertz Ultra- 80 sonics P.-J. Wang, V. E. Gusev, J.-K. Sheu and C.-K. Sun

Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 Room: 306 Time: 11:00 Chair: X. Wang, H. Hu

11:00 Advances in borehole acoustic reﬂection imaging∗ 80 X. M. Tang 12 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

11:25 An Inversion Scheme for The Shear Speed from The Sholte Wave Excited by A 81 Dipole Source during Logging While Drilling in A Slow Formation H. Hu, C. Zhang and X. Zheng 11:40 Numerical Simulations of a Slim-hole Piezoelectric Dipole Transmitter for 81 Acoustic Logging Y. Zhou, Y. Dai, D. Chen and Q. Zhang 11:55 Indirect Collar Waves in Acoustic Logging While Drilling 81 X. He, X. Wang, H. Chen and X. Zhang

12:10 A Broadband Sonic Logging Monopole Transducer 82 Y. Dai, Y. Zhou, H. He, Z. Wang and X. Wang

12:25 Step by step inversion of anisotropy parameters using cross dipole logging data 82 H. Chen, H. He, X. He and X. Wang

Safety of Ultrasound Room: 308B Time: 11:00 Chair: Y. Watanabe

11:00 Eﬀect on Rabbit Heart Exposure to Ultrasound with Long Pulse Duration∗ 82 I. Akiyama, W. Takano, K. Rifu, N. Takayama, H. Sasanuma and N. Taniguchi

11:25 The promotion of muscle synthesis of skeltal muscle cell exposed to ultrasound 83 W. Takano, M. Furuya, C. Okamoto, H. Ichikawa and I. Akiyama

11:40 The Eﬀect of Ultrasound with Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse on the Lung: 83 A Preliminary Study in Rabbits H. Sasanuma, N. Takayama, K. Rifu, W. Takano, Y. Ishiguro, N. Taniguchi, A. Kawarai Lefor and I. Akiyama 11:55 Proteomic analysis of developmental eﬀect on medaka embryo exposed by ul- 84 trasound E. Matsumoto, K. Kawanabe, K. Yoshida, I. Akiyama, M. Hirose, M. Ikegawa and Y. Watan- abe

Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Room: 309 Time: 11:00 Chair: K. I. Lee, K. A. Wear

11:00 Using Quantitative Ultrasound to Probe Material, Mechanical, and Microarchi- 84 tectural Properties of Trabecular Bone∗ K. A. Wear 11:25 Application of Sparse Radon Transform in Quantitative Bone Ultrasound∗ 84 L. H. Le, T. N. Tran, K.-C. T. Nguyen and M. D. Sacchi

11:50 Dispersion Response of Ultrasonic Guided Modes to the Variation of Geometry 85 and Material Properties in Cortical Bone Characterization by Semi-Analytical Finite-Element Modeling T. N. Tran, L. H. Le, M. D. Sacchi and V.-H. Nguyen 12:05 Structural Dependence of Piezoelectric Signal in Cancellous Bone at an Ultra- 85 sound Frequency A. Hosokawa 12:20 Induced electric potential in bone by low intensity ultrasound irradiation 86 S. Mori, M. Kuraoka, T. Makino, Y. Sakata and M. Matsukawa Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 13

12:35 Finite Element Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy to Measure Elastic Proper- 86 ties of Small Animal Cortical Bone∗ K. Xu, P. Dargent, P. Laugier and Q. Grimal

Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Room: 307A Time: 11:00 Chair: A. Feeney

11:00 Focus control of a liquid crystal lens using ultrasound vibration 87 D. Koyama, Y. Shimizu, Y. Harada, M. Fukui, A. Emoto, K. Nakamura and M. Matsukawa

11:15 Effect of thermal annealing on mechanical quality factors of poly phenylene 87 sulfide under high-amplitude ultrasonic vibration J. Wu, Y. Mizuno and K. Nakamura 11:30 Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Phased Array for Flow Measurement 87 L. Kang, A. Feeney, R. Su, D. Lines, A. Jäger, H. Wang, Y. Arnaudov, S. N. Ramadas, M. Kupnik and S. Dixon 11:45 Directional Control of Ultrasonic Sensor Using Parabolic Radiation-type Reflec- 88 tor T. Ueda, J. Neguchi, T. Ohgo, T. Orita and K. Saeki 12:00 Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I 88 D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreff and J. Lorenz

12:15 Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part II 88 D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreﬀ and J. Lorenz

Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 3 Room: 304A Time: 13:00 Chair: Y. Y. Kim

13:00 Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media 89 A. Merkel, M. Willatzen and J. Christensen

13:15 Breaking acoustic reciprocity using deformation mechanism 89 T. Devaux, A. Cebrecos, O. Richoux, V. Pagneux and V. Tournat

13:30 Simulation of gigahertz plate waves in elastic metamaterials 90 M. Tomoda, K. Fujita, K. Inagaki, O. Matsuda, O. B. Wright and V. E. Gusev

13:45 Gradient metamaterial matching layer for ultrasonic transducers 90 J. Zhu

Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Room: 305B Time: 13:00 Chair: Y. Cho, I. Park

13:00 Eﬀect of microstructural evolution on acoustic nonlinear response of ultrasonic 90 waves in solid media∗ Y. Cho and W. Li 13:25 Leakage noises in valves 91 A. Rondeau, E. Lafargue and F. Cartier

13:40 Validation of the ﬁrst prototype high temperature ultrasonic sensor for gas 91 composition measurement O. Gatsa, E. Rosenkrantz, D. Fourmentel, C. Destouches, P. Combette and J.-Y. Ferrandis 14 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

13:55 Low Frequency Ultrasonic Collimated Beam Generation from Piezoelectric 92 Transducers V. K. Chillara, C. Pantea and D. Sinha 14:10 Development of High Speed Inversion Technique for the Characterization of Full- 92 Field Material Properties Based on Quantitative Laser Ultrasound Visualization System S.-P. Tseng and C.-H. Yang 14:25 Imaging the Adhesion Quality of a 255nm Tungsten Thin Film With a Silicon 92 Substrate Using Picosecond Ultrasonics A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon 14:40 Development of Acoustical Microscopy System with Ultra High Resolution for 93 Micro/Nano Structure Inspection I. Park, T. Park and D. Kwak

Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Room: 308A Time: 13:00 Chair: N. Boechler, A. Maznev

13:00 Elastic Waves in Magnetogranular Metamaterials∗ 93 G. Theocharis

13:25 Acoustic waves in Freestanding Silicon Structures and Applications to Thermal 93 Engineering and Optomechanics∗ J. Maire, D. Navarro-Urrios, M. Sledzinska, B. Graczykowski, E. Ch´avez Angel, F. Alzina, R. Anufriev, M. Nomura and C. M. Sotomayor-Torres 13:50 Continuum Elasticity Modeling of Long-wavelength Acoustic Vibrations of 94 Quasi-2D Structures and Micro-tubules A. G. Every, D. Liu and D. Tomanek 14:05 Mechanical Anisotropy of Plant Cell Walls Studied by Laser Generated Guided 94 Acoustic Waves M. Abi Ghanem, L. Khoryati, N. Boechler and T. Dehoux 14:20 Ritz-Rayleigh Approach: Numerical Calculation of Guided- Wave Properties 95 T. Grabec, P. Sedl´ak, H. Seiner and M. Landa

14:35 How to Induce Dynamic Fracture by Focusing Flexural Waves 95 V. Van Gemmeren, B. Zybach and J. Dual

Thermo-acoustics Room: 307B Time: 13:00 Chair: S.-I. Sakamoto, X. Xie

13:00 Fundamental study on the eﬀect of the change in the cross- sectional area on 96 the straight-tube-type thermoacoustic prime mover∗ S.-I. Sakamoto, T. Wada and T. Saito 13:25 Investigation on Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of an Open-Air Traveling- 96 Wave Thermoacoustic Generator X. Xie, S. Yang, F. Liu and Q. Li 13:40 Optimizations of an Open-air Traveling-wave Thermoacoustic Generator 96 F. Liu, X. Xie, S. Yang and Q. Li

13:55 Eﬀect of temperature distribution of the stack on heat ﬂow in standing-wave 97 thermoacoustic-system M. Sugimoto, S.-I. Sakamoto and Y. Watanabe Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 15

14:10 Eﬀect of acoustic impedance on a thermoacoustic system using a Heat Phase 97 Adjuster H. Morishita, S.-I. Sakamoto, K. Shiraki and Y. Watanabe

Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Room: 308B Time: 13:00 Chair: C. C. Coussios, S.-I. Umemura

13:00 Cavitation generating and utilizing exposure sequence for focused ultrasound 98 treatment∗ S.-I. Umemura and S. Yoshizawa 13:25 Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery to Tumours using Sub-Micron Cavitation 98 Nuclei and Passive Acoustic Mapping∗ C. C. Coussios, C. Coviello, C. Mannaris, P. Katti and R. Carlisle 13:50 Triplet Pulse Sequence for Cavitation Bubble Imaging in High-Intensity Focused 98 Ultrasound Treatment R. Iwasaki, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura 14:05 Eﬀect of focal shape control on stone erosion rate using cavitation bubbles 99 T. Yura, M. Lafond, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura

14:20 Comparison of spatial distribution characteristics of shock wave pressure ﬁeld 99 and cavitation bubble cloud G. Kang, O. Kwon, J.S. Huh and M. J. Choi

Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2 Room: 309 Time: 13:00 Chair: K. Kim

13:00 Towards the Goal of High Resolution, Low Noise, Low Variance Shear Wave 100 Elastography∗ S. McAleavey 13:25 Ultrasound Strain Elastography to Detect Placenta Diseases∗ 100 C. H. Yap, S. N. Saw, J. Y. R. Low, C. N. Z. Mattar, A. Biswas and L. Chen

13:50 Ultrasound-based carotid elastography for detection of vulnerable atheroscle- 101 rotic plaques validated by magnetic resonance imaging J. Luo 14:05 Ultra-high Frequency Shear wave elastogrpahy for Human Finger Tendon 101 C.-C. Huang and Y.-Y. Hsiao

Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø Room: 304A Time: 15:00 Chair: L. A. Crum

15:00 The underwater sounds of precipitation∗ 101 L. A. Crum

15:25 Nonlinear Problems in the Generation, Propagation and Measurement of High 102 Intensity Ultrasonic Waves in Air∗ J. A. Gallego-Ju´arez, E. Riera and L. Gaete-Garret´on 15:50 Leif Bjørnø and International Ultrasonics Conferences∗ 102 W. Sachse 16 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

16:15 Professor Leif Bjørnø - Recollection∗ 102 B. Linde and A. Sliwi´nski´

Poster Session Room: 306 Time: 15:00 Chair: K. I. Lee, H. Nomura, J. H. Chang

Biomedical Ultrasound

000043 Acoustic Impedance Imaging Conversion From B mode (Detection of early aging 103 alteration in human facial skin) Y. Ogura, T. Kondo, T. W. Chean, S. Yoshida, K. Kobayashi, N. Hozumi and O. Yuki 000077 Ultrasound heating induced in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles 103 A. Jozefczak, K. Kaczmarek, T. Hornowski and R. Bielas

000137 Implementation of backend processing system for real-time intravascular ultra- 103 sound imaging J.-W. Park and J. H. Chang 000145 Design of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer transducers for intravascular ultra- 104 sound tissue harmonic imaging S. Park, J. Lee and J. H. Chang 000146 Prediction and Measurement of Temperature Rise Induced by High Intensity 104 Focused Ultrasound in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms K. I. Lee, H. S. Kang and S. W. Yoon 000156 Multi-angular vector flow imaging (mVFI) for accurate, reliable vector Doppler 105 estimation J. H. Jeong, S. Yeo, C. Yoon and T.-K. Song 000176 Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with thin tube phantom using CT-based 105 skull aberration correction: a preliminary study C. Jin, C. W. Jin and J. Park 000232 Lens design simulation and fabrication of Carbon Nano Tube transducer for 106 transcranial applications C. Lee, D.-G. Paeng and K. Ha 000253 Difference of Acoustic Emission Eignal between Transcranial and Skull-less 106 Brain while Blood-Brain Barrier Dsruption in a Rat Brain Y. Hur, M. Han, J. Yang, C. Jin and J. Park 000256 Transmit Sequence Optimization for Motion Corrected 3D Diverging Wave 107 Compounding: A Simulation Study Y. Chen, J. D’Hooge and J. Luo 000286 Characteristics of high intensity and high frequency ultrasonic transducers using 107 hydrothermal epitaxial piezoelectric films M. Ishikawa, Y. Uchida, T. Shiraishi, M. Tabaru, H. Funakubo and M. Kurosawa 000301 A Preliminary Study To Investigate The Accuracy Of Ultrasound To Assess 107 Alveolar Bone Level K.-C. T. Nguyen, L. H. Le, N. R. Kaipatur, E. H. Lou and M. W. Major 000321 Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Liver Tumor: Model Development and Simula- 108 tion S. Maxim and T. W. Sheu Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 17

000324 Visualization Experiment of Frequency Dependent Attenuation of Tissue by 108 Multi-Spectral Phase-Contrast Imaging S. Ishikura, N. Tagawa, M. Yoshizawa and T. Irie

Emerging Fields

000092 Side-Lobe Suppression for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Sensors Attached on the Back 109 Side of Automobile Bumpers K. Ibata, R. Hara, T. Kimura, Y. Nishioka, N. Yoneda and S. Inoue 000210 T-shaped conﬁguration of multi-frequency acoustic camera and visualization in 109 air M. Fujii and K. Nakamura

Industrial Ultrasound

000008 An Ultrasonic Vibration System Used in Friction Stir Welding 110 B. Fu, W. Zhang and G. Zhou

000020 HiFFUTs for High Temperature Ultrasound 110 A. Feeney, L. Kang and S. Dixon

000074 An ultrasonic motor using transmission line and a spring washer driven by a 110 Langevin transducer T. Ishii, M. Mochizuki and T. Shimizu 000168 Material Parameter Identiﬁcation of a Piezoelectric Disc with Triple-Ring- 111 Electrodes for Increased Sensitivity B. Jurgelucks, N. Feldmann, L. Claes, A. Walther and B. Henning 000228 Impregnation of liquid droplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves 111 R. Nakayama, T. Asami and H. Miura

000270 Measurement of the ﬂexoelectric coeﬃcient for bulk barium titanate under one- 111 dimension shock wave T. Hu 000292 Measuring Liquid-level Utilizing Wedge Wave 112 I. Matsuya, Y. Honma and I. Ihara

000298 Inﬂuence of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles on Tough Hydrophone in High- 112 intensity Acoustic Fields Generated by 22 kHz Sonoreactor N. Okada, M. Shiiba, S. Yamauchi, T. Sato and S. Takeuchi

Physical Acoustics

000027 Eﬀect of Frequency on Generation of Ultraﬁne Bubble by Ultrasonic Irradiation 113 Y. Asakura, H. Matsushima and K. Yasuda

000050 Development of magnetostrictive FeCo ﬁlm coated surface acoustic wave based 113 magnetic ﬁeld sensor W. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Liu, Y. Liang and S. He 000061 Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation 114 L. Bai, P. Wu and W. Lin

000062 Surface Oscillations and Fragmentation of Bubbles in an Acoustic Field 114 P. Wu, L. Bai, W. Lin, D. Xu and C. Li

000063 Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation 114 P. Wu, L. Bai, W. Lin, D. Xu and C. Li 18 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

000075 Thermal Tuning on the Band Gaps with Temperature Sensitive Materials in 115 Phononic Crystals Y. Li 000078 Research on A Surface Acoustic Wave Based PM2.5 Monitor 115 J. Liu, W. Hao and S. He

000090 Attenuation Characteristics of Acoustic Waves in Boiler Flue gas Containing 115 Solid Particles G. Jiang and W. Xu 000100 Performance evaluation of array transducer for underwater acoustic camera 116 C.-S. Park and S. Cho

000107 Study on characteristics of the suspension of the particle in thermoacoustic 116 systems S. Yang, X. Xie, F. Liu and Q. Li 000130 Experimental realization of nonreciprocal topological insulators based on 116 angular-momentum-biased resonator array Y. F. Zhu, Y. G. Peng, J. Yang, X. Y. Zou, B. Liang, X. F. Zhu and J. C. Cheng 000131 Long-Term Monitoring of Underwater Sound near the Eastern Coast of Korea 117 using a Four-Element Planar Hydrophone Array S.-H. Byun, S.-M. Kim, I.-Y. Che and Y. Kim 000158 Development of ultrasound measurement system to measure acoustic properties 117 of the piston core sediments laboratory condition B.-N. Kim, S. K. Jung, B.-C. Kum, B. K. Choi, E. Kim and S. H. Kim 000159 Broadband ultrasound backscattering of cylindrical target in water 117 B. K. Choi, B.-N. Kim, E. Kim, S. H. Kim and M. S. Sim

000161 Surface Wave Propagation on Single Crystals: Measurement and FEM Analysis 118 H.-B. Kim, H. S. Park, H.-S. Lee, H.-S. Lee and Y. H. Kim

000178 Acoustic Energy Harvesting based on Metastructures 118 B. Assouar, S. Qi and Y. Li

000192 Asymptotic Behaviour of 1D Sonic Crystal Band Structure with Applications 118 in Optimization M. I. Pop, N. Cretu and A. Boer 000222 Characterization of grain boundary cracks by evaluating the integral response 119 of surface acoustic waves R. Galos, S. Zamiri, P. Burgholzer, T. Berer and I. A. Veres 000268 Planar acoustics lenses with helical-structured metamaterials 119 S. Liu, H. Lv, W. Zhang, J. Zhang and L. Yang

000295 Frequency characteristics of thickness-shear mode BAW resonator consisting of 120 c-axis parallel oriented ZnO ﬁlm for liquid viscosity measurement I. Rikuya, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani 000304 Study of shear mode acoustic wave devices with c-axis parallel oriented ZnO 120 ﬁlm to measure the liquid loading properties K. Mori, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani 000309 Sound Blocking using A Series of Scaled Composite Structures 121 S. Park and J. Kim

000310 Single Sensor Acoustic Tracking using Asymmetric Impedance Metamaterial 121 Surface C. Kim, K. Song and J. Kim Abstract book 2017 ICU Honolulu 19

000313 Numerical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of dense polydisperse clouds 121 of interacting microbubbles H. Haghi, A. Jafarisojahrood and M. C. Kolios

Wednesday 20 December 2017

Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 Room: 304A Time: 8:00 Chair: J. Christensen, A. Merkel 8:00 Manipulating Sound Wave Radiation by Zero-index Metamaterials 122 X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Mao and E. Ding

8:15 Sub-wavelength acoustic microscope based on extraordinary transmission in a 122 zero-mass metamaterial T. Devaux, J. J. Park, E. Bok, S. H. Lee and O. B. Wright 8:30 A multi-scale insight into the dynamic behavior of acoustic metamaterials 123 K. Chrzaszcz, V. G. Kouznetsova, J. P. Hoefnagels and M. G. Geers

8:45 Acoustic invisibility based on transparent anisotropic metamaterials 123 B. Li and W. Kan

9:00 Band gap and double negative properties of star-structured sonic metamaterial 123 W. Yuren, C. Meng, J. Heng, L. Yu and X. Wenshuai

Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Room: 305B Time: 8:00 Chair: K. M. Tant

8:00 Induced phonons by pulse laser technique to improve Brillouin scattering mea- 123 surement A. Perino, M. Matsukawa and Y. Shibagaki 8:15 Non-contact Detection of A Foreign Material Inside Soft Material by Using A 124 High-intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Wave and Optical Equipment L. Jin, A. Osumi and Y. Ito 8:30 Material Property Mapping using Ultrasonic Travel-time Tomography for Im- 124 proved Imaging in Heterogeneous Media K. M. Tant and A. J. Mulholland 8:45 In-situ characterization of phase transitions by ultrasonic methods 125 J. Nejezchlebova, H. Seiner, P. Sedlák, M. Janovská, P. Stoklasová, M. Landa and T. Grabec

9:00 Investigating Ultrasound Interaction Behaviors with Defects in Infrared Imaging 125 NDE X. Han and Q. Yu 9:15 Resonant Ultrasonic Activation of Damage: A Shortcut to Eﬃcient NDE and 125 Diagnostic Imaging I. Solodov 20 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging Room: 309 Time: 8:00 Chair: J. Y. Hwang

8:00 High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers for High Deﬁnition Imaging∗ 126 H. H. Kim

8:25 The New Intracellular Delivery Platform using High Frequency Ultrasound∗ 126 S. Yoon

8:50 4D High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Small Animal Embryonic Heart to 127 Support Computational Flow Simulation Studies C. H. Yap, S. Ho, G. X. Y. Tan, T. J. Foo and N. Phan-Thien 9:05 High Resolution Facial Skin Imaging with Three-dimensional Ultrasound Mi- 127 croscope S. Yokoshiki, M. Maeda and Y. Saijo 9:20 The optimized high frequency intravascular ultrasound transducer design for 128 visualizing bioresorbable scaﬀold∗ J. Park

Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Room: 307B Time: 8:00 Chair: O. Matsuda

8:00 Gigahertz Ultrasonics in Metamaterials∗ 128 O. B. Wright

8:25 Picosecond Acoustic Computed Tomography in a Microscopic Fibre 128 S. Mezil, P. H. Otsuka, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. Wright

8:40 Imaging subsurface features in a micro-scale slab using laser ultrasonics at GHz 129 frequencies P. H. Otsuka, K. Miyoshi, S. Mezil, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. Wright 8:55 GHz frequency S1 Lamb mode resonator 129 D. M. Photiadis, M. K. Zalalutdinov, S. G. Carter, A. S. Bracker, M. Kim, C. S. Kim, D. G. Gammon and B. H. Houston 9:10 Imaging of Buried Microstructures by Nonlinear Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 130 B. Perrin, E. P´eronne, L. Belliard and L. Becerra

9:25 Single Nanowire acting as Acoustic Resonator and Emitter 130 L. Belliard, C. Jean, T. W. Cornelius, O. Thomas, Y. Pennec, M. Cassinelli, M. Eugenia Toimil-Molares and B. Perrin 9:40 Guide wave excitation and detection in a single nanowire 131 A. Nagakubo, T. Taniguchi, H. Ogi and T. Ono

Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2 Room: 306 Time: 8:00 Chair: H. Hu, X. Wang

8:00 A Pilot Test of Ultrasonic Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil in Oilﬁeld 131 D. Xu, C. Li, J. Deng, W. Lin and L. Bai

8:15 Scalable Time Series Feature Engineering Framework to Understand Multiphase 131 Flow using Acoustic Signals M. K. Mudunuru, V. K. Chillara, S. Karra and D. Sinha Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 21

8:30 A Spectral Gamma Ray Logging Tool with 57mm Outer Diameter for Deep 132 Mineral Resources Prospecting D. Xu, W. Ma and X. Wang

Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials Room: 307B Time: 10:00 Chair: B. Assouar

10:00 Wavefront Manipulations via Acoustic Metasurfaces∗ 132 Y. Li, B. Liang, J. C. Cheng, L. Zhang and Y. Jing

10:25 Topologically protected acoustic helical edge states and interface states in acous- 133 tic networks∗ Y. X. Shen, Y. G. Peng and X. F. Zhu 10:50 Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption of Acoustic Waves with Bubble Meta- 133 Screens M. Lanoy, R.-M. Guillermic, A. Strybulevych and J. H. Page 11:05 Optical holographic imaging of three-dimensional complex ultrasonic ﬁeld 133 Q. Cheng, X. Zheng, Y. Li, M. Qian, Q. Zhan and X. Wang

Acoustic Phononic Crystals 3 Room: 304A Time: 10:00 Chair: Y. Pennec

10:00 Optimization Design and Experimental Evidence of Light-Weighted Lattice 134 Structures with Wide Bandgaps∗ Y.-S. Wang, H.-W. Dong, Y.-F. Wang, C.-L. Yang and C. Zhang 10:25 Strong Coupling of Phononic Cavity Modes in 1D Corrugated Nanobeam 134 Y. Pennec, A. Korovin and B. Djafari-Rouhani

10:40 Loss Compensation in Time-Dependent Elastic Metamaterials 134 D. Torrent, W. Parnell and A. Norris

10:55 A high-quality narrow passband ﬁlter for elastic SV waves via aligned parallel 135 separated thin polymethylmethacrylate plates J. Zhang, Y. Liu, W. Yan and N. Hu

Bubbles and Cavitation 3 Room: 308B Time: 10:00 Chair: B. Helﬁeld, T. J. Matula

10:00 Cavitation biophysics: single-cell observations of sonoporation episodes∗ 135 A. C. Yu

10:25 Biophysics of Sonoporation∗ 136 B. Helﬁeld

10:50 Inactivation of Planktonic Escherichia Coli by High Intensity Focused Ultra- 136 sound Pulses∗ T. J. Matula, A. A. Brayman, B. E. Macconaghy, Y.-N. Wang, K. T. Chan, W. L. Monsky, V. P. Chernikov, S. V. Buravkov and V. A. Kohklova 11:15 Ultrasonic treatment for marine growth and its veriﬁcation through sea-trial 136 J. Lee and J. Park 22 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Room: 305B Time: 10:00 Chair: A. Feeney

10:00 Residual stress estimation using acoustoelastic eﬀect of surface acoustic wave 137 J. Jun, Y.-D. Shim, K.-Y. Jhang, J. You and C. H. Lim

10:15 Development of Defect Sizing Algorithm for Surface Micro-Defect Using the 137 Leaky Rayleigh Wave Y. T. Yeom, Y. S. Lim, H. J. Kim, S. J. Song, S. D. Kwon and S. W. Yoo 10:30 Interrogation of Lamb Wave Interaction with Disbond in Adhesively Bonded 138 Joint M. Liu and F. Cui 10:45 Characterisation and Modelling of Surface Wave EMATs for Optimal Coil De- 138 sign C. B. Thring, S. Hill, A. Feeney, S. Dixon and R. S. Edwards 11:00 Tungsten Thin Film Thickness Cartography With Nanometric Resolution Using 139 Picosecond Ultrasonics A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon 11:15 Fabrication and Characterization of Fluoropolymer-Based Spherically Focused 139 Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer L. Tong, Y. Xiang, M. Deng, J. Pan, Y. Chen and Q. Cheng 11:30 Facile Measurements of Single-Crystal Elastic Constant Tensor Properties from 139 Polycrystalline Samples X. Du

Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy Room: 309 Time: 10:00 Chair: V. A. Khokhlova, O. A. Sapozhnikov

10:00 Image-guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Using Dual-mode Arrays 140 E. S. Ebb

10:15 Reconstruction of Nonlinear Ultrasound Field of an Annular Therapeutic Array 140 with Electronic Focus Steering Based on Acoustic Holograms of Its Individual Elements V. A. Khokhlova, P. Yuldashev, P. Rosnitskiy, O. A. Sapozhnikov, E. Dumont, M. Hoogen- boom, M. Den Brok, J. Futterer and G. Adema 10:30 Shape Optimization of Lens Focused Piezoelectric Transducers 141 G. P. Thomas, J.-Y. Chapelon and C. Lafon

10:45 The Eﬀect of Driving Conditions on the Performance of an Ultrasonic Bone 141 Biopsy Needle R. Cleary and M. Lucas 11:00 Imaging of Scatterer Distribution Structure of Living Tissue based on Empirical 142 Bayesian Learning with Consideration of Statistical Properties J. Zhu and N. Tagawa Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 23

Abstracts

Mon 10:00 306 Plenary Lecture 1 The best sonar system on this planet: the ultrasonic sonar of dolphins – (000328) W. Au Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, 96744, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Dolphins have very sophisticated short-range sonar that from the perspective of a technological sonar system start- surpasses all technological sonar in its capabilities to per- ing with how the broadband signal is generated with its form complex target discrimination and recognition tasks. characteristics dependent on the intensity of the signal and The system that the U.S. Navy has for detecting mines how this signal propagates through the head forming a buried under ocean sediment is one that uses Atlantic beam and making a transiting from the near field into the bottlenose dolphins. However, close examination of the far field. The presentation will also discuss the reception dolphin sonar system will reveal that the dolphin acoustic of echoes including receiving sensitivity, directivity, and ”hardware” is fairly ordinary and not very special. The internal filtering process, and a signal processing section. transmitted signals have peak-to-peak amplitudes as high Some of the capabilities of the dolphin sonar system will as 225 - 228 dB re 1 µPa which translate to an rms value be presented and the reasons for their keen sonar capabil- of approximately 210 - 213 dB. The transmit beamwidth ities such as discriminating and recognizing different fish is fairly broad at about 10o in both the horizontal and species, differences in wall thickness of metal cylinders and vertical planes and the receiving beamwidth is slightly differences in the composition of metallic targets will be broader by several degrees. The auditory filters are not discussed. Important features of their sonar include the very narrow with Q values of about 8.4. Despite these broadband click-like signals used, adaptive sonar search fairly ordinary features of the acoustic system, these an- capabilities and large dynamic range of its auditory sys- imals still demonstrate very unusual and astonishing ca- tem. pabilities. The dolphin biosonar system will be discussed

Mon 8:00 304A Acoustic Fluidics Spreading of Water Drop On a Vibrating Surface – (Contributed, 000007) N. Candia Muñoza, L. Gaete-Garretónb, Y. Vargas-Hernándezb and J. Meneses-D´ıazc aUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuadore 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; bUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; cUNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE, Av Ecuador 3493, estacion central, santiago, 9170124 Santiago, Chile Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Since of illuminating work of Faraday the knowledge of One previous experimental work has shown that the ap- the behavior of a liquid on a vibrating surface is growing plication of vertical vibrations on a solid surface increases constantly, however, too many aspects of the problem con- its wettability. The wettability study from a point of view tinued open until today. In the present time, the eﬀects of more complete than the former, working at a greater fre- a vibrating surface in a liquid can be classiﬁed in at least quency range and studying the transient stage during the three branches: liquid in a layer, liquid in fountains and drop spreading until it reaches an equilibrium position is drops of liquids. considered in this paper. In particular, the time of appari- One of the more interesting aspects of vibrations and liq- tion of capillary waves is considered. In our opinion, this uids is its wettability; it is related to surface energies point of view allows a better understanding of the com- comprising solid-vapor, solid-liquid and liquid-vapor inter- plex phenomena involved in the wettability studies. In faces. Many industry and technology applications, such as addition, it was developed a new algorithm to calculate print, paint, inject, lubrication, surface engineering, etc., contact angle of a water drop placed on a set of vibrating have a great interest to enhance the wettability. One way surfaces driven by piezoelectric transducers of own design. to enhance the wettability of a liquid on a surface is adding The study of kinetic of the radius and contact angle will a chemical surfactant, particles or another chemical mix- carry out through the image analysis captured by a fast ture to a solution or suspension. This technique has the camera. disadvantage that sometimes changes the chemical composition of the samples, which very often is not desired. 24 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Mon 8:15 304A Acoustic Fluidics Measurement and Simulation of Acoustic Radiation Force from Focused Ultrasound Beam Acting on a Spherical Scatterer in Water – (Contributed, 000197) M. M. Karzovaa, A. V. Nikolaevaa, S. A. Tsysara, V. A. Khokhlovaa and O. A. Sapozhnikova,b aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Uni- versity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) has been successfully used Scatterers were positioned at different distances along the in a recently developed therapeutic technology for kid- beam axis. For each scatterer, the beam power was grad- ney stone propulsion. To plan the treatment and predict ually changed until the scatterer started to move. At this the outcome of the procedure, calibration of ARF has to threshold power of the source, the value of ARF was deter- be performed for stones of different dimensions and loca- mined as a difference between the gravity and buoyancy tions. However, such calibration remains a problem. Here, forces acting on the scatterer. At other source power out- a method for measuring ARF acting on a mm-sized spher- puts, the value of ARF was linearly scaled. ARF was also ical object positioned on the axis of a focused ultrasound calculated from pressure distributions reconstructed from beam was proposed and tested. The method is based on acoustic hologram of the source and physical parameters of the balance between different forces acting on the object the scatterers. Experimental and theoretical results were and initiation of its movement when the value of ARF found in a good agreement. It was shown that depending crosses a certain threshold. Spherical scatterers made from on the scatterer parameters, the maximum ARF occurred nylon, steel, and glass were used as targets; their diam- before or after the focus, while the most effective pushing eters varied from 2 to 8 mm. Single-element 1.072 MHz was observed at distances where the beam was slightly transducer (100 mm aperture and 70 mm focal length) was wider than the scatterer. Work supported by the stipend positioned in water at the bottom of the tank and used to of the President of Russia (SP-2621.2016.4). generate a focused ultrasound beam in vertical direction.

Mon 8:30 304A Acoustic Fluidics Elucidating the Mechanism of Paracetamol Sonocrystallization for Product Purity Enhancement – (Contributed, 000287) C. Forbesa, T. T. Nguyenb, R. L. Learyc and C. J. Priceb aEPSRC Centre for Continuous Manufactuing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, UK; bDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, G1 1XJ Glasgow, UK; cCentre for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, G1 1XW Glasgow, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Pharmaceutical revenue exceeds $1 trillion per year, with A number of phenomena arise from the application of ul- raw material and manufacturing costs accounting for 22% trasound, including cavitation, acoustic streaming and en- of the total. Product manufacture and purification is typ- hanced mixing of the solution. In order to further explore ically achieved via solution based crystallization. This ap- these phenomena in the context of paracetamol crystal- proach can give rise to loss of raw material to waste due to lization, we explore the acoustic properties and cavitation incomplete utilisation of the solute in the crystallisation threshold in organic solvents, namely isoamyl alcohol and process - exacerbated by retardation of crystal growth due ethanol. The necessary acoustic properties of the solvents to poisoning of the growth surface by isomers of the de- are used to construct acoustic field models for comparison sired crystal form. in an effort to link prediction and measurement of cavita- In this paper we describe the effect of ultrasound on the tion with crystallization outcomes. crystallization of paracetamol undertaken in organic sol- The ultimate goal is to elucidate the mechanisms of vents in a temperature controlled XUB25 ultrasonic bath sonocrystallization via acoustic cavitation and streaming, (Grant Instruments). Sonomechanical activity within the with a focus on nucleation and impurity incorporation dur- solvent arsing in the XUB25 ultrasonic bath was char- ing crystal growth. The adoption of acoustic simulation acterised by measurement of acoustic intensity using a and field characterisation techniques is required to design NH4000 PVDF needle hydrophone. Application of ultra- processes and equipment to implement sonocrystallization sound was found to increase the nucleation temperature of in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The industrial driver is the crystallization, modify the size and morphology of the to improve the product quality, reduce waste and improve resultant product and importantly improve product yield. access to medicines. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 25

Mon 8:45 304A Acoustic Fluidics Recent Advances and Opportunities of Mechanical Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000315) E. G. Karpov and L. A. Danso University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, 842 W Taylor St, M/C 246, Chicago, 60607, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Mechanical metamaterials represent a novel interesting sample. When properly designed, this phase transforma- class or structural composites that manifest behaviors be- tion can lead to a contraction of the sample in the direc- yond the scope of traditional materials mechanics. Those tion of an increasing load, a manifest of the negative ex- include negative elastic moduli [1-3] and basic symmetries tensibility phenomenon. Other studies suggest that prop- breaking, such as reciprocity of mechanical deformation. erly designed highly nonlocal periodic lattices can provide The ongoing research aims to understand relationships be- metamaterials featuring reversal of the Saint-Venant edge tween a desired property, which often corresponds to an eﬀect. In this presentation, we overview recent develop- exotic domain in the overall design space, and the mate- ments in the analysis and design of these interesting material’s internal structure. Some recent studies use multi- rial systems, and outline their opportunities for nonlinear stabilities at the unit cell level to deploy a load-induced acoustics and structural health monitoring. polymorphic phase transformation in an entire material

Mon 8:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 1 Lipid Intermolecular Forces and Microbubble Resonance – (Invited, 000150) M. Borden University of Colorado, 1111 Enigneering Drive, Boulder, 80309-0427, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

An intermolecular forces model for the lipid shell will be surface viscosity was found to be equivalent for these lipid introduced that provides calculation of the shell elasticity shells. We also observed an anomalous decrease in elas- directly from first-principle intermolecular pair potentials. ticity and increase in viscosity when increasing the acyl Additionally, a new laser acoustics technique will be pre- chain length from 20 to 22 carbons, indicating that mi- sented that allows measurement of microbubble shell elas- crostructural effects may be important for such small dis- ticity and viscosity for very small-amplitude oscillations. placements. For DPPC shells, we observed a nearly linear Results from experiments on microbubbles with different decrease in elasticity and viscosity with increasing temper- lipid shell compositions and at different temperatures will ature. Transient effects in viscoelasticity were observed for be discussed. As predicted by the model, a significant rapidly heated microbubbles. The talk will conclude with increase in surface elasticity at room temperature was ob- insights gleaned from the molecular model on resonance served for lipid acyl-chain lengths of 16 to 20 carbons. The effects for larger amplitude oscillations.

Mon 8:25 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 1 High-Precision Acoustic Measurements of the Nonlinear Dilatational Elasticity of Phospholipid-Coated Monodisperse Microbubbles – (Invited, 000190) T. Segersa,b, E. Gauda, M. Versluisc,d,e and P. Frinkinga aBracco Suisse S.A., Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland; bUniversity of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands; cInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; dMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; eMIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The acoustic response of phospholipid coated ultrasound tant et al., where the nonlinear behaviour was captured contrast agents (UCA) is dramatically affected by the sta- in a linear elastic part around equilibrium, a ruptured bilizing shell around the microbubbles. The elasticity of part for bubble expansion and a buckling part upon bub- the microbubble shell increases the resonance frequency, ble compression. Here we present for the first time high- and its nonlinear behavior promotes the generation of har- precision experimental data of acoustic measurements of monic echoes that are currently exploited for contrast- the exact non-linear behavior of these bubbles. Microbub- enhanced ultrasound imaging. The harmonic scattering of ble viscoelastic shell properties were measured as a func- contrast bubbles has been quite successfully modelled by tion of the ambient pressure-controlled surface dilatation the rather ad-hoc assumptions in the model of Marmot- (pressures ranging from 70 to 140 kPa) through acoustic 26 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook attenuation spectra of monodisperse bubble suspensions elastic oscillations, shell elasticity was found to be highly formed by flow-focusing. The bubble samples had mean dependent on the surface dilation. The dilatational elas- radii ranging from 1.5 to 3.3 µm, with a typical PDI of ticity curve was integrated with respect to bubble area 5%, and the bubbles were coated by DPPC and DPPE- to find the dilatational interfacial tension of phospholipid- PEG5000 mixed at PEG molar fractions of 5.0, 7.5, and coated microbubbles. For compressed bubbles, it increases 10.0%. Bubble size as a function of ambient pressure was during decompression, first rapidly, and then more slowly measured optically. The obtained dilatational elasticity from zero to the surface tension of the surrounding aque- was found to be independent of the absolute microbub- ous medium. This new insight will allow for more accurate ble size and PEG molar fraction. However, in contrast modeling of nonlinear bubble dynamics. to the constant elasticity in the Marmottant model for

Mon 8:50 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 1 Propagation of ultrasound through a microbubble population: Eﬀect of ultrasound pressure, frequency, microbubble concentration and lipid shell properties – (Invited, 000311) A. Jafarisojahrooda, Q. Lib, H. Haghic, R. Karshaﬁand, T. M. Portere and M. C. Koliosf aRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Canada M5B2K3; bBoston University, 110 Cummington St. ENG 319, Boston, MA, Boston, Canada 02215; cRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3; dRyerson University, 110 Cummington St, Unit. 2103, Boston, Canada 02215; eBoston University, 110 Cummington St, Boston, Canada 02215; f Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, AB, Canada M5B2K3 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The existence of MBs in a medium increases the medium in experiments. Attenuation and sound speed were mea- attenuation and changes the sound speed; these changes sured experimentally using transmission and reception of are nonlinear and depend on the dynamics of the MBs broadband pulses of center frequency of 2.25 MHz, and exposed to the ultrasound (US). Knowledge of how atten- pressure amplitudes of 10-120kPa through monodisperse uation and sound speed vary as a function of US pres- solutions (mean diameter ∼6 microns) with diﬀerent con- sure, frequency and MB concentration can help to opti- centrations. The results of numerical simulations with- mize US parameters in applications. Our recently devel- out MB interactions are in good agreement with the ex- oped model is used to calculate changes in attenuation perimental observations for small concentrations. As the and sound speed as a function of frequency and pressure. concentration increases, an agreement was only achieved The Marmattont model was modiﬁed to include the mul- when simulations included MB-MB interaction. For high tiple scattering of up to 200 MBs and was solved using concentrations and low pressures the attenuation peak be- our novel approach for solving for MB-MB interactions. comes wider and does not have a distinct peak. As the The MBs were randomly distributed within a cube; the pressure increases, multiple peaks appear in the attenu- length of each edge of the cube was varied to achieve a de- ation vs. frequency diagrams. Results of this work sug- sirable concentration (200 micron-1mm). At each acoustic gest that MB shell characterization is more accurate if parameter, the attenuation and sound speed were calcu- experiments are done in low concentrations (the optimum lated for 20 random distributions of MBs, and the results concentration depends on size). For higher MB concen- were weighted by the number density of each MB sizes trations, MB-MB interaction must be included.

Mon 8:00 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Proposal for optical beam-steering with optomechanical antennas on a silicon chip – (Invited, 000241) R. Van Laer, C. J. Sarabalis and A. H. Safavi-Naeini Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Rapid and low-power control over the direction of light is a arrays to enable eﬃcient and full two-dimensional beam- major challenge in photonics and a key enabling technol- steering of monochromatic light. We present calculations ogy for emerging free-space optical communication links for a silicon system made of nanoscale photonic-phononic and sensors such as lidar. Current approaches based on waveguides, predicting that thousands of resolvable spots bulky motorized components are limited by their high cost can be addressed with milliwatts of mechanical power. Us- and power consumption, while on-chip optical phased ar- ing mechanical waves as active gratings will allow us to rays face challenges in scaling and programmability. In quickly reconﬁgure the beam direction, beam shape and this talk we propose a new chip-based approach to beam- the number of beams. By non-reciprocity it also will also steering using optomechanical antennas. We combine the enable us to distinguish between light that we send and recent progress in simultaneous control of optical and me- receive. chanical waves with advances in on-chip optical phased Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 27

Mon 8:25 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Non-reciprocal and chiral acoustics in optomechanical systems – (Invited, 000327) G. Bahl UIUC, 1206 W. Green St., MEL 4413, Urbana, 61801-2906, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Time-reversal symmetry is a property shared by wave vation rules intrinsic to light-sound interactions for pro- phenomena in linear stationary media. However, broken ducing strong nonreciprocal behavior for sound and light. time-reversal symmetry is required for synthesizing non- Our results reveal that chiral effects are pervasive through- reciprocal devices like isolators, circulators, gyrators, and out the phononic and photonic physical layers of these for topological systems supporting chiral states. Magnetic systems, for instance, showing that chirality can be dy- fields can of course enable nonreciprocal behavior for elec- namically imparted to phonon transport in order to sup- tromagnetic waves, but this method does not conveniently press disorder-induced scattering [5]. This talk will also translate to the chip-scale or to the acoustic domain, com- describe how intuitions drawn from our optomechanical pelling us to search for nonmagnetic solutions. experiments can be used to design practical microwave and We have adopted a unique approach to address this chal- acoustic systems with reconfigurable topology and nonre- lenge through the use of co- localized interacting modes ciprocal responses. of light and sound in resonator systems. The acousto- References optical physics within these systems enable experiments 1. Nature Communications, 2:403, 2011. 2. Nature having analogies to condensed matter phenomena, includ- Physics, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 203-207, 2012. 3. Optics ing phonon laser action [1], cooling [2, 3], and electromag- Express 25(2), pp.776-784, 2017. 4. Nature Physics, 11, netically induced transparency [4]. This talk will describe pp. 275-280, 2015. 5. Nature Communications 8, 205, our experimental efforts to exploit the momentum conser- 2017.

Mon 8:50 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Dissipative optomechanical cooling of a glass-ﬁber nanospike coupled to a bottle resonator – (Contributed, 000216) R. Pennetta, S. Xie, R. Zeltner and P. S. J. Russell MPI Science of Light, Staudstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Optical cooling of mechanical degrees of freedom repre- guidance of light [5]. In this paper we report the use of sents one of the biggest achievement in the field of cavity a silica nanospike to demonstrate dissipative cooling and optomechanics [1]. Although it has mostly been demon- amplification, by coupling it to an ultra-high Q bottle res- strated in the dispersive coupling regime, where the me- onator. In particular, by varying the laser detuning on the chanical motion modulates the cavity resonant frequency, blue side of the cavity resonance, an effective temperature it has been predicted [2] and shown [3] that in the dis- of 1.8 K can be inferred from the measurement of the me- sipative coupling regime, i.e., when the mechanical mo- chanical power spectrum for a lunched optical power of tion changes the decay rate of the cavity, cooling can be only ∼100 µW, without the need of any precooling. We achieved outside the stringent ”good cavity” limit. In the believe this system could open the door to optomechani- most common experimental configurations of cavity op- cal cooling of low frequency mechanical resonators beyond tomechanics, however, where freestanding waveguides the sideband-resolved regime. are evanescently coupled to an optical micro-cavity, low 1. M. Aspelmeyer, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391 mechanical Q-factors have so far prohibited observation (2014) 2. F. Elste, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 149902 of dissipative cooling [4]. Recently we reported that glass- (2009) 3. A. Sawadsky, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, fiber nanospikes, fashioned by tapering single-mode fibers, 043601 (2015) 4. M. Li, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, support high-Q flexural resonances (Q > 10) in the few 223901 (2009) 5. R. Pennetta, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. kHz range, at the same time providing low loss, adiabatic 117, 273901 (2016)

Mon 9:05 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Doubly-resonant nanostructure for enhanced acousto-optical modulation – (Contributed, 000096) V. Laudea, A. Belkhirb, M. Addouchec, S. Benchabaned, A. Khelifd and F. I. Baidae aInstitut FEMTO-ST, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besan¸con, France; bUniversiteéM. Mammeri, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, 0 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria; cUniversitéde Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 28 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Besancon, France; dCNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besancon, France; eUniversit´ede Franche- Comt´e, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besan¸con, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acousto-optical interaction describes the modification of optical resonance appearing in the light cone that creates the optical properties of a material system under the ac- a dip in the transmission for normal incidence of optical tion of an acoustic wave that moves the equilibrium po- plane waves. The array simultaneously supports local- sitions of the atoms composing the medium of propaga- ized mechanical resonances that are efficiently excited by a tion. The effect is usually considered in the frame of per- radio-frequency electric signal, creating a large amplitude turbation theory. Hence, acousto-optical interaction can flexural motion of the metal ridges. Indeed, those ridges produce significant effects only if diffracted optical waves are metal electrodes that naturally constitute a transducer from a large number of periods of the acoustic wave add for surface acoustic waves. As we show based on a com- coherently. Can we design a system for which the AO bination of finite-element time-domain and finite element interaction is strong even though the interaction length analysis, flexural motion of the metal ridges at a resonant is smaller than the wavelength? To tackle this problem, acoustic frequency produces a strongly nonlinear modula- we exhibit a nano- optical system whose transmission can tion of the optical transmission when the vibration ampli- be strongly modulated when sustaining a resonant acous- tude increases. Numerical simulations performed for silver tic wave excited thanks to piezoelectricity of the substrate. ridges on a lithium niobate substrate suggest that trans- The system is composed of a periodic array of resonant op- mission modulation approaching 100% at GHz frequencies tical cavities formed by metal ridges on a lithium niobate should be feasible, for flexural vibrations of about 30 nm of substrate. As such, the array forms a one- dimensional amplitude and for a thickness of the nano-optical system phoxonic crystal structure. The array supports a Γ-point of only 300 nm.

Mon 9:20 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics Propagation of Elastic Waves along 1D Phononic Crystal Nanowalls – (Contributed, 000181) Y. Penneca, A. Gueddidaa, E. Alonso-Redondob, E. H. El Boudoutic, S. Yangd, G. Fytasb and B. Djafari-Rouhania aInstitut d’eélectronique, de microeélectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universiteéde Lille-1, Citeéscientifique, 59652 Villeneuve- D’Ascq, France; bMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, XXX Mainz, Germany; cLaboratoire de dynamique et d’optique des matériaux, UniversitéMohamed I, XXX Oujda, Morocco; dDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, 3231 Walnut Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6272, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Several works have been devoted to the study of surface We investigate the propagation of elastic waves along the acoustic waves (SAW). In contrast to uniform materials direction parallel to epoxy nanowalls with high aspect ra- where only Rayleigh waves propagate at the surface, ad- tio deposited at the surface of a glass substrate. With the ditional surface localized vibration modes can be observed help of the finite element method, we analyze the modes of when a periodic lattice is deposited on the substrate sur- vibration of the grafted nanowalls which have their veloc- face. Simple 1D periodical ridges built on a uniform sub- ities below all bulk velocities of the substrate. We show strate were already an issue in the technological applica- that the elastic fields are localized at different edges of tion of surface acoustic waves in the interdigit transducers. the nanowalls, i.e. in the upper corners and at the lateral Recently, they met a renewed interest thanks to the boost faces. The numerical results are supported by experimen- of phononic crystal studies. One can note that most of tal spectra of Brillouin Light Scattering measurement at the nanostructures used for the 1D grating are inorganic GHz frequencies. By the introduction of the calculation and only few papers referred to organic polymer material. of the intensity in the finite element method, we made a Moreover, due to the progress of techniques of fabrication direct comparison with the experimental BLS spectra. Fi- such as microlithography or molecular beam epitaxy, it is nally, we show that, filling the nanowall structure with a now possible to create well defined 1D micro or nanograt- polymer liquid give rise to new modes of vibrations which ings on an otherwise planar surface in which the material belong to the infiltrated liquid. in polymer presents a high aspect ratio, even up to 10.

Mon 8:00 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection Range measurement of active underwater source using Doppler frequency estimation – (Contributed, 000153) W.-J. Parka, K.-M. Kima, M.-S. Hanb and J.-Y. Choib aKorea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, 49112 Busan, Republic of Korea; bAgency for Defense Development, Busan, Republic of Korea, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, 49112 Busan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 29

When measuring the radiated noise of an underwater ve- ing the range of the acoustic source using the previous hicle, range information between acoustic source and re- cross correlation. The performance of this ranging method ceiver is important evaluating factor, but GPS(global posi- depends on the length of the CW signal for estimating tioning system) system can’t be used because of RF(radio the Doppler frequency. Therefore, we need the length frequency) signal. There are several ways to find the range of the CW signal and the accuracy of the parameter to of the acoustic source instead of GPS. Most of these are meet the desired accuracy in the source range estimation. based on cross correlation method. However, they have If we know the depth and moving zone of the source, heavy computational loads. In this paper, we present a we can calculate the theoretical Doppler frequencies (or range measurement method of active underwater source. Doppler map) at candidate points previously. The source In this method, a continuous wave(CW) signal is transmit- range is estimated via comparison between these theoret- ted from an acoustic source and the Doppler frequency is ical Doppler frequencies and the measured Doppler fre- estimated based on the moving of the source at the re- quency. Simulation and lake trial were performed to ver- ceiver. A fast Fourier transform is used to estimate the ify the performance evaluation. From the results, it is Doppler frequency of the received signal. This method confirmed that the longer the CW signal for fast Fourier has a smaller calculation amount than the method of find- transform, the more similar to the shape of the GPS curve.

Mon 8:15 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection Long-range Underwater Acoustic Communications in the East Sea of Korea – (Contributed, 000261) H. Kim, S. Kim, K.-H. Choi and J. W. Choi Hanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Long-range underwater acoustic (UWA) communication shelf near Vladivostok harbor and vertical line array as techniques are needed for commercial and military appli- a receiver was deployed near Ulleung-do. Horizontal dis- cations, such as oceanographic data collection, underwa- tance between the transmitter and receiver was 559.25 km. ter navigation, and unmanned underwater vehicle control. Communication signals were 511-digit m sequence with a Therefore, long-range underwater communication experi- center frequency of 366 Hz and a bandwidth of 45.75 Hz, ments using sound channels have been conducted by var- and the modulation type was binary phase shift keying. ious institutions. However, it is hard to place both the As a result, 0.01 of uncoded bit error rate is obtained at transmitter and receiver at the depth of the sound channel. a data rate of 37.2 bit per second. This study presents a long-range UWA communication ex- [This work was supported by the National Research Foun- periment conducted in October 1999, relying on parts of dation of Korea (NRF- 2016R1D1A1B03930983) and the the continental shelf is presented and evaluates its com- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (the project titled : De- munication performance. In the experiment, an acoustic velopment of Distributed Underwater Monitoring & Con- source as a transmitter was installed on the shallow-water trol Networks)]

Mon 8:30 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection Optimal deployment of vector sensor nodes based on Performance Surface of underwater acoustic communication – (Contributed, 000262) S. Kim and J. W. Choi Hanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN) is a a time reversal technique using acoustic vector sensor is system that exchanges data between numerous sensor applied to reflect performance variations in the sensor net- nodes deployed in the sea using an underwater acoustic work due to environmental fluctuations. The performance communication technique. Therefore, it is important to of the communication system is then estimated over the design a robust system that will function even in severely targeted area, which is converted to the communication fluctuating underwater communication conditions, along performance surface (PS). On the basis of the estimated with variations in the ocean environment. However, most communication PS, the optimal deployment of vector sen- attempts to find an optimal deployment scheme for sensor sor nodes is obtained using virtual force-particle swarm nodes have assumed that every sensor node has the same optimization (VFPSO) algorithm to achieve the maximum communication radii, which is reasonable in the case of communication coverage maintaining their connectivity in terrestrial wireless communication systems. In this study, the targeted area. 30 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

[This work was supported by the National Research and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(the project ti- Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1D1A1B03930983), the tled : Development of Distributed Underwater Monitoring Agency for Defense Development, Korea (UD160006DD) & Control Networks)]

Mon 8:45 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection Analysis of Passive Time-reversal Communication Performance in Shallow Water with Underwater Sound Channel Axis – (Contributed, 000263) K.-H. Choi, S. Kim and J. W. Choi Hanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The sound waves in the ocean are reﬂected and scat- passive time-reversal communication performance in shal- tered by the ocean boundaries and refracted by vertical low water with underwater sound channel axis. Acoustic sound speed that cause large multipath spread. This ef- communication data were received by an 16-element Ver- fect results in intersymbol interference (ISI) of the com- tical Line Array consisting of hydrophones with 3.75 m el- munication signals that degrades communication perfor- ement separation (with top hydrophone at 23.5 m). Com- mance. The passive time-reversal approach which mit- munication signal consisted of a 20 ms long, 13-17 kHz igates the ISI using the autocorrelation of channel im- linear frequency modulation pulse for estimating channel pulse response was used to demodulate the communica- impulse responses, after 0.48 s, followed communication tion signal. This study analyzed the acoustic communi- sequences lasting 3.5 s with a carrier frequency of 15 kHz cation data of the Shallow-water Acoustic Variability EX- and 1250 Hz bandwidth. periment (SAVEX15) which had been conducted in the [This work was supported by the Agency for Defense De- northern East China Sea in approximately 100 m water velopment, Korea (UD160006DD), the National Research depth during 14-28 May, 2015 and the underwater sound Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1D1A1B03930983) and channel with the channel axis at ∼ 40 m in depth existed the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (the project titled: despite the shallow water. The goal of this study is to com- Development of Distributed Underwater Monitoring & pare the relation between the channel characteristics and Control Networks)]

Mon 9:00 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection Acoustical Inversion Method using Cepstrum Analysis of Underwater Ship Noise – (Contributed, 000234)

C. S. Park, G.-D. Kim, G.-T. Yim and H. Ahn Korea Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering, 32, Yuseong-daero 1312 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This paper presents an acoustical inversion method us- of the target ship and the buoy from which hydrophones ing cepstrum analysis of a transiting ship noise in shallow were suspended. The measured sound pressure level can waters. Through cepstrum analysis, we can extract the be converted into the source level using the slant range multipath arrival structure from the ship radiated noise from the acoustic center of the ship to each hydrophone recorded by a hydrophone. The multipath structure comes based on the geometrical spreading. However, it is hard to from the interferences between a direct arrival and multi- expect that the locations of the ship and the buoy coincide ple reflections from the sea surface and the bottom, which with the acoustic center and the hydrophone position. In depends mainly on the source- receiver configuration and order to estimate the acoustic center and the hydrophone the sound speed profile in water column. A ship under- position, thus, we applied the inversion method to the water noise measurement tests were performed at South measured signal cepstrums. Finally, the inversion results Sea of Korea. By using DGPSs, we recorded the locations were examined to validate the suggested method.

Mon 11:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Development of a Numerical Test Bed for Ultrasonic Inspection of Highly Reinforced Concrete – (Invited, 000141) M. T. Baquera and L. J. Bond Iowa State University, 1915 Scholl Road, Ames, 50011, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 31

Reliable non-destructive evaluation of heavily reinforced of concrete to generate a realistic geometry for concrete large concrete structures becomes more important every samples with appropriate attenuation characteristics. For day as the US civil infrastructure continues to age. Some initial code validation, the scattering response from a 3mm success has been achieved in the use of low frequency ul- side drilled hole (SDH) in immersion was assessed. The trasound in reinforced structures, including nuclear power code had good agreement with both analytical and exper- plant containment. However, as the level of reinforcement imental results. The code is being extended to consider and thickness increase issues remain. There is a need for various rebar geometries and aggregate combinations, in- tools to design, optimize and evaluate inspections to esti- cluding voids of various sizes modeled behind two layers of mate detection capability a function a wall thickness and rebar, and initial data will be reported. Material proper- level of reinforcement. A numerical testbed is being de- ties used were based on experimental measurements. The velop to meet this need. Recent work by, S. Beniwal et synthetic data generation is being used with SAFT tech- al.(2015), has shown success in identifying damage near niques that have been applied to data for lightly reinforced rebar using numerical and a similar Elastodynamic Fi- transportation structures. The test bed is being used to nite Integration Technique (EFTI) techniques has been consider a sparse phased array, to optimize sensor place- adopted. Using a 2D approximation, concrete up to 1 ments, and evaluate inspection performance. References m using frequencies of 50 kHz can be assessed eﬃciently. S. Beiwal et al. (2015) Ultrasonics, Vol: 62 pp: 112-12. Image processing techniques were used to mesh images

Mon 11:25 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Quality-factor and frequency shifts of suspended Ge membranes – (Contributed, 000009) L. Zhoua, G. Colstona, O. Trushkevycha, M. Myronova, D. Leadleya and R. S. Edwardsb aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Crack initiation and growth are key issues when it comes mechanical properties, including residual stress and the to the mechanical reliability of microelectronic devices and quality (Q-) factor of each membrane, were studied at microelectromechanical systems, especially when a system low pressure (10-3 mbar) and at room pressure. Exper- is fabricated using a suspended membrane as a platform. imental results are compared with models. The change In this study, two suspended Ge membranes on a silicon in biaxial stress with temperature agrees well for a per- substrate were investigated by measuring their vibrational fect membrane. Unexpected behaviour was observed in response over a frequency range of 50 kHz to 500 kHz. one membrane which showed an increase in Q-factor with Key material properties were identiﬁed by measuring the temperature at low pressure, but the opposite behaviour frequencies and mode patterns for a set of vibrational at room pressure. This phenomenon was caused by cracks resonant modes using a laser interferometer. The mem- in the membrane caused by large amplitude vibrations of branes were subject to thermal cycling over a temperature the membrane combined with thermal cycling. range of 296 K to 370 K. The temperature dependence of

Mon 11:40 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Enhanced surface defect detection using focused electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) – (Contributed, 000022) C. B. Thring, S. Hill, W. E. Somerset, A. Feeney and R. S. Edwards University of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) are non- to increase the frequency, leading to a trade off with the contact ultrasound transducers which function primarily signal strength. The use of geometric focusing is show- via Lorentz force induction. Their non- contact trans- ing promise for increasing ultrasound strength and defect duction mechanism allows for fast scanning, inspection of imaging precision, overcoming some of the issues asso- rough, rusted, hot, or coated surfaces, and performance ciated with the use of higher frequency surface acoustic in harsh environments. To meet industry demand, non- waves. destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques need increasingly Understanding and optimising transducer design is es- high resolution for the detection of smaller defects. For sential to obtain optimal signal strength, high frequency surface acoustic wave inspection of surface-breaking de- operation, and the ability to operate at stand-off from fects, using a higher frequency wave will give better depth the sample. In this work multiple focused and unfocused resolution. However, the EMAT coil width has to decrease EMAT coil configurations are presented, for experimental 32 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook measurements, analytical calculations, and finite element tween coil design, optimal frequency output, and stand-off modelling. Focusing is seen to give significantly enhanced is investigated. Multiple phased coils are then used in con- resolution for defects, with accurate detection of 0.5 mm junction to increase signal strength without lowering the depth, 1 mm diameter drilled holes, and thin cracks, 0.2 frequency, by increasing the coil footprint without increas- wide, 2 mm length, 1.5 mm depth. The relationship being the width of each individual coil.

Mon 11:55 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 FEM Study of Grain Size Evaluation in Polycrystalline Materials – (Contributed, 000032) Z. Youxuana, N. Hua and J. Qub aChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China; bNorthwestern University, 633 Clark Street, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Quantitative grain size evaluation using ultrasonic signals tenuation. Then, two approaches, back-wall echo attenua- is a hot-spot issue in nondestructive testing of materials. tion method in frequency domain and backscattered RMS In this study, we establish a reliable approach to mea- grain noise method in time domain, are employed to es- sure microstructures of polycrystalline materials through timate grain sizes of microstructures generated and are Voronoi modeling and explicit finite element method. proved to be applicable because computed results are com- Two-dimensional hardcore Voronoi tessellations have up patible with statistical results of microstructures. This to 35,000 grains with uniformly random orientations, and numerical approach provides a way to quantitatively eval- are discretized using finite element method. Because no uate grain sizes of microstructures, which can be used to absorption and slight diffusion are considered in FEM guide experimental measurements for nondestructive eval- models, only grain scattering can lead to the major at- uation of grain size characterization.

Mon 12:10 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Laser-induced ultrasound imaging for evaluation of temperature ﬁelds in paratellurite optical crystal – (Contributed, 000040) V. P. Zarubina, K. B. Yushkovb, A. I. Chizhikovb, V. Y. Molchanovb, S. A. Tretiakovc, A. I. Kolesnikovc, E. B. Cherepetskayab and A. A. Karabutovb aPhysical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bNational University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation; cTver State University, 33 Zhelyabova str., 170100 Tver, Russian Federation Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The problem of internal temperature gradients is topi- where a - crystal thickness, v0, T0, α - parameters, de- cal in design of high- performance acousto-optic devices. termining the longitudinal BAW velocity dependence on Paratellurite (TeO2) is a common acousto-optic crystals. the temperature in a specified direction. Following this Typical configurations of quasicollinear acousto-optic de- equation, it is possible to evaluate temperature distribu- vices use a slow shear bulk acoustic wave (BAW) in (110) tion parameters from the time-of-flight measurements. A plane and the interaction length of 40-70 mm along the stationary heat conduction problem was solved to set a BAW group velocity direction [1]. Attenuation of this model temperature profile T (x) which depends on heat wave is of the order of few dB/cm in the frequency range diffusion coefficients. Measurements of the velocity were 50-100 MHz causing strong and inhomogeneous heating of made in a mesh of points on paratellurite acousto-optic the crystal during operation. Current study develops an device facets using automatized laser ultrasonic structur- approach for evaluation of the temperature field based on oscope UDL-2M. The obtained dataset was used to form measurements of BAW velocity in transverse directions to a system of equations, which allowed to evaluate the pa- the optical beam in a crystal. A laser-induced ultrasonic rameters of temperature distribution in crystal volume. pulse is used for longitudinal BAW velocity measurement. Acknowledgements: Increase competitiveness program of This method provides high resolution due to short and NUST ”MISIS” (K2-2016- 072, K2-2017-003); Russian aperiodic shape of wideband probe acoustic pulse [2,3]. Science Foundation (16-17-10181). A flight time of the ultrasonic pulse is expressed by an [1] S.N. Mantsevich, et al. Ultrason. 78, 175 (2017). integral [2] A.A. Karabutov, et al. J. Appl. Phys. 87, 2003 (2000). t a dx , = R0 v0+α[T (x)−T0] [3] A.Y. Ivochkin, et al. Acoust. Phys. 53, 471 (2007). Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 33

Mon 12:25 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Experimental Evaluation of Impact Damage in an Adhesive Bonding Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Method – (Contributed, 000042) G. Shui and Y.-S. Wang Beijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Adhesive bonding is widely used in various industrial rameter (ANP) based on the fundamental and second har- applications, such as safety-critical structures in the monics was thus obtained. The experimental results show aerospace and automotive industries. Compared with such that the normalized ANP, which is as an indicator of ma- techniques as riveting, welding, and mechanical fasteners, terial properties, increases with the impact fatigue life. adhesively bonded structural components usually provide This demonstrates that the nonlinear ultrasonic measure- many advantages because of their inherent nature to pro- ment can be used to quantitatively characterize the impact vide more uniform stress transfer, high fatigue resistance, damage of adhesive bonding. Based on a theoretical model and a reduction in structural weight. In this paper, an with different interfacial tension and compression stiffness, application of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) tech- further theoretical and experimental research is conducted nique based on the nonlinear acoustics for experimental about the impact damage of adhesive bonding using non- characterization of impact damage in an adhesive bond- linear ultrasonic method. It is shown that the ANP based ing is presented. Adhesively bonded specimens made from on the theoretical model increases consistently with the AZ31 magnesium-aluminum alloy were firstly subjected experimentally measured values. The results in this paper to impact fatigue loading; the ultrasonic harmonics gen- demonstrate that the nonlinear ultrasonic method based erated due to impact damage within the adhesive layer on the second harmonic generation technique can be used were thereafter measured. The Acoustic Nonlinearity Pa- to characterize the impact damage in an adhesive bonding.

Mon 12:40 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1 Ultrasonic NDT and In-situ Acoustic Flow Control of Residual Stress – (Contributed, 000059) C. Xu Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Residual stress is inherent property during material re- testing and the detection approach of Three-dimensional forming and mechanical structure or component manufac- residual stress inner mechanical materials, including ul- turing, and is main original source resulting in deforma- trasonic testing for residual stress underneath the surface tion, delay crack, broken, strength and anti-corrosion ca- of material with LCR wave (critically refracted longitu- pability reduction of structure, and quality and reliability dinal wave), ultrasonic bulk wave (combining transverse reduction of mechanical equipment. Residual stress had with longitudinal wave) detection for residual stress in the been stubborn and innate nature of workpiece machined bolts or thickness direction of components and the prin- and produced including 3D print. It’s critical important ciple and method of nonlinear ultrasonic testing for resid- and very urgent for keeping mechanical equipment safety ual stress. And this speech proposes the basic principle to accurately and non-destructively testing and in- situ of high-energy sound beam control approach in situ. It control and lessen and balance of residual stress inner ma- also will give a wide range of applications in aerospace, terial for large scale structure like bridge, high speed rail- aircraft, petroleum pipelines and welded steel structures, way track, petroleum pipeline, vessel and tank etc. . This as well as the National Standard (GB/T 32073-2015) and speech analyses the causes and harmness of residual stress, CPNC Standard (Q/SY 05009-2016) for residual stress. discusses the acoustoelasticity principle for nondestructive

Mon 11:00 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1 Non-hermitian valley states in artiﬁcial acoustic meta-crystals – (Invited, 000214) J. Christensen Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28916 Legan´es (madrid), Spain Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic analogues of electronic topological insulators ventional acoustic edge modes immune to backscattering. have recently lead to a wealth of new opportunities in Earlier fabrications of topological insulators are charac- manipulating sound propagation with strikingly uncon- terized by a fixed geometry and a very narrow frequency 34 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook response, which severely hinders the exploration and de- valley pseudospin transport properties with amplifying or sign of useful devices. Here we establish topologically pro- attenuating states [1,2]. tected sound in reconfigurable phononic crystals that can Zhiwang Zhang, Ye Tian, Ying Cheng, Qi Wei, Xiaojun be switched on and off simply by rotating its meta-atoms Liu, and Johan Christensen, submitted (2017). without altering the lattice structure. Furthermore, we introduce non-hermitian ingredients in terms of loss and Mudi Wang, Johan Christensen, Zhengyou Liu, submitted gain in order to explore topologically protected acoustic (2017).

Mon 11:25 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1 Acoustic Topological States – (Contributed, 000175) C. He, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recent explorations of topology in physical systems have we report, by creating a double Dirac cone to realize the led to a new paradigm of condensed matters. In this talk, I symmetry inversion of acoustic energy bands, the first ex- will give three cases of acoustic topological states. Firstly, perimental demonstration of an acoustic topological in- we propose an acoustic topological structure by creat- sulator. By deliberately manipulating the hopping inter- ing an effective magnetic field for sound using circularly action of neighboring atoms, we successfully demonstrate flowing air. This model breaks time-reversal symmetry, the acoustic quantum spin Hall effect, characterized by ro- and therefore topological properties can be designed to be bust pseudospin-dependent sound transport. We further nontrivial and thus to enable a topological acoustic crys- confirm the topological immunity of the edge state against tal, featuring robust one-way propagation against defects. different lattice defects and disorders. These unique acous- Secondly, we design a kind of topological phononic states tic topological materials can in principle be leveraged to for underwater sound using arrays of acoustic coupled ring explore quantum analog of classical waves. The topology resonators. In each individual resonator, two degenerate inspiration of acoustic engineering will certainly promise acoustic modes, i.e. clockwise and counter-clockwise prop- unique designs for next generation of acoustic devices in agation, are treated as opposite pseudospins. The topo- sound guiding, splitting and switching. logical gapless edge states arise in the bandgap. Thirdly,

Mon 11:40 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1 Some Novel Eﬀects of Phononic Crystals for Surface Acoustic Waves – (Contributed, 000174) S.-Y. Yu, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In the past two decades, with the advent of phononic ing effect4; Ultra-slow SAW, where the elastic velocity is crystal (PnCs), scientists have been able to manipulate achieved even slower than the sound velocity in air, achiev- the acoustic wave in fascinating ways. Meanwhile, surface ing by the modulation of surface phononic band- structure, acoustic waves (SAW) are the excellent and well-rounded etc. participants in today’s wireless communications and sensing industries, etc. Therefore, introducing the PnC to the References [1] Sepkhanov, R. A., Bazaliy, Y. B., and SAW fields, i.e. phononic crystals based on surface acous- Beenakker, C. W. J, Phys. Rev. A 75, 063813 (2007). tic wave (S-PnC)1-3 are now demonstrating great impact [2] Khelif, A., Achaoui, Y., Benchabane et al. Phys. Rev. in both scientific and technical fields. Here, the author B 81, 214303 (2010). [3] Theocharis G, Richoux O, Garc´ıa will present some recent progress of the S-PnC, includ- V R, et al. New Journal of Physics 16, 093017 (2014). [4] ing: monolithic on-chip Surface Phononic Graphene and Yu, S. Y., Sun, X. C., Ni, X., et al. Nature Maters. 15, its related both SAW pseudo-diffusive and temporal beat- 1243 (2016)

Mon 11:00 309 Acoustics and Cells High-frequency ultrasound microbeam techniques: from cell manipulation to phyenotyping – (Invited, 000164) J. Y. Hwang DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technolog, 42988 Daegu, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 35

For last decades, high-frequency ultrasound over 15 MHz shown to be very useful for cell stimulation, manipulation, has been utilized in various biomedical ultrasound imaging and characterizations. Therefore, many high-frequency technologies. However, its applications have remained to ultrasound microbeam systems such as acoustic tweez- be limited in biology and medicine since a high-frequency ers, a single cell stimulator, and a cell transfection sys- ultrasound system is typically high cost in system develop- tem have been recently developed and further explored ment and also has few advantages over optical microscopy. for such biomedical applications. Thus, we here intro- Therefore, the use of such high-frequency ultrasound has duce our recent research on high-frequency ultrasound mi- been so far mostly limited to speciﬁc biomedical appli- crobeam technologies for cell applications. In particular, cations. However, the high-frequency ultrasound tech- we demonstrate the potentials of acoustic trapping and nologies such as high-frequency ultrasound microbeams cell stimulation techniques with high-frequency ultrasound have recently gained many attentions since they have been microbeams for cell manipulation and phyenotyping.

Mon 11:25 309 Acoustics and Cells Simple evaluation method of acoustic trapping performance by tracking motion of trapped microparticle – (Contributed, 000093) C. Yoona and H.G. Limb aUnje University, 197 Inje-ro, Eobang-dong, A-110, 50834 Gimhae, Republic of Korea; bUniversity of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way University Park, DRB 136, Los Angeles, 90089-1111, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We report a method to evaluate the performances of a bility similar to a bead-based assay that uses optical tweez- single-beam acoustic tweezer using a high-frequency ul- ers. The results showed that the trapping forces increased trasound transducer. Motion of a trapped microparticle as acoustic intensity and duty factor increased, and the by a 45-MHz single element transducer was captured and forces eventually reached a plateau at higher acoustic in- analyzed to deduce the magnitude of trapping forces. The tensities. They demonstrated that this method could be method was used to estimate the eﬀective trapping force in used as a simple tool to evaluate the performances and to an acoustic tweezer experiment to assess cellular deforma- optimize the operating conditions of acoustic tweezers.

Mon 11:40 309 Acoustics and Cells Enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Using Cavitation Bubbles for Sonodynamic Treatment – (Contributed, 000134) S. Nishitakaa, D. Mashikoa, R. Iwasakia, S. Yoshizawab and S.-I. Umemurab aTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In the process of sonodynamic treatment, Reactive Oxy- iodide ions. In this study, efficiencies of ROS generation gen Species (ROS) are generated to damage cancer cells, were calculated by dividing the absorbance by the input and therefore the reproducible efficiency of ROS genera- acoustic energy. A high-speed camera was also used to ob- tion is significant for the treatment. Our previous study serve the distribution of cavitation bubbles in the aqueous demonstrated that Trigger HIFU (High-intensity focused solution. The high-speed camera observation confirmed ultrasound) exposure sequence, consisting of an extremely that cavitation bubbles were generated around each focal high intensity and short pulse to generate cavitation bub- point similarly in both sequences. More ROS was pro- bles followed by a relatively low intensity and long burst duced with than without scanning foci, however, efficien- to oscillate them was effective for enhancing the heating cies of ROS generation without scanning were larger than effect of HIFU. In this study, first it was confirmed that those with scanning. At each scanned focus, there was the this sequence is also effective for ROS generation, and then intermission between the high intensity pulse and low in- the sequence was modified to increase the efficiency. Con- tensity burst exposures due to scanning. It was also found sidering to the diffusion of the precursors of ROS, two that shorter intermission time there is, larger efficiencies of kinds of sequences, with and without focal scanning, were ROS generation. This may explain the difference in ROS tested. To measure the amount of ultrasonically generated production. A scanning exposure sequence with the high ROS, a KI method, in which triiodide ions are produced intensity pulse immediately followed by the low intensity by ROS, was used. The amount of ROS can be estimated burst should improve the ROS production rate. by measuring the optical absorbance of the produced tri- 36 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Mon 11:55 309 Acoustics and Cells Cetuximab coated albumin nanobubbles for enhanced cell killing and apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma cells – (Contributed, 000101) A. Watanabea, H. Shenga, K. Narihirab, S. Kondob, T. Kikutab and K. Tachibanaa aFukuoka University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, 8140180 Fukuoka, Japan; bFukuoka University, School of Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, 8140180 Fukuoka, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A novel ultrasound/microbubble (MB) -mediated tech- used for the experiments. Treated cells were analyzed for nique has been explored as a potential drug carrier for cell viability and levels of apoptosis. The targeted NBs in effective accumulation within various tumor tissues. In combination with ultrasound induced significant increase present study, we developed a human epidermal growth of cell killing rate at all ultrasound intensities compared to factor receptor (EGFR) targeted albumin nanobubble non-targeted NBs (p<0.05). Furthermore, the percentage (NB). The aims of this study were to investigate whether of apoptotic cells in the treated with targeted NB plus ul- the efficiency of ultrasound cell killing and apoptosis in- trasound were 7.8±0.5% (0.8 W/cm2) and 10.0±0.8% (0.9 duction could be enhanced by this targeted NBs in oral W/cm2), which was approximately 50% times higher than squamous carcinoma cell line HSC-2 and the feasibility the non-tageted NBs plus ultrasound (p<0.05). The NBs of NBs for ultrasound imaging of tumor vascularization. into flow vessel phantom could be characterized as high For fabrication of the EGFR targeted NBs, the surface of echo area by 40 MHz high frequency ultrasound imaging. the NBs was coated by the monoclonal antibody cetux- Our fabricated targeted NBs may be applied as a novel imab. Cells were exposed to ultrasound for 15 second in therapeutic/diagnostic NBs for oral squamous cell carci- vitro in presence of targeted/ non-targeted NBs. Three noma. types of acoustic intensity (0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 W/cm2) were

Mon 12:10 309 Acoustics and Cells Dynamics of Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Induced Sonoporation on Single cell – (Contributed, 000067)

Y. Feng Xi’an Jiaotong University, P.O. Box 28, Xianning West Road, 710049 Xi’An City, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has the mechanical reheal.It indicated that ADV mainly caused irreversible effects on the nearby cells , which could cause cell sono- sonoporation rather than reversible sonoporation.The cell poration and facilitate drug delivery, thus shows the great sonoporation was relevant to the rapid formation, expan- potential in the extravascular tumor-targeting theranos- sion and contraction of ADV bubbles and the cell mem- tics.Understanding the interaction between ADV bubble brane deformation caused by ADV bubble displacement. and cell is significant to develop the effective approach in The ADV bubble size and bubble-cell distance have great vivo and then in clinic.We introduced high speed imaging effects on the degree of sonoporation. The study could and fluorescent imaging in a confocal acoustic-optical mi- help us to understand the mechanical and biological mech- croscopic system to investigate how ADV bubble act on anism of ADV-cell interaction and develop ADV involved the nearby single cell. Propidium iodide (PI) and Calcein- theranostic approach. AM were used to indicate the cell membrane damage and

Mon 11:00 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Recent Progress on Quartz Crystal Resonators for Frequency Control Applications – (Invited, 000183) M.-C. Chaoa and J. Wangb aTXC (Ningbo) Corporation, 189 Huangshan West Road, Beilun, 315800 Ningbo, China; bNingbo University, School of Mech Eng & Mechanics, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Quartz Crystal Resonators are one of the major applica- on modern electronics devices. This paper report the re- tions of BAW devices. Because the high Q and good wide cent progress about quartz crystal resonators for frequency temperature frequency stability of quartz resonators, they control applications. It will introduce Quartz Crystal are widely used for frequency control and timing purpose Resonators products and manufacture processes, and also Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 37 the applications and technologies. Recent progress about onators will be needed and the demands on products and products for major applications including mobile phone, the competition between businesses will drive the tech- automotive, and 5G communication will be covered, and nologies development and shape the industry continuously also review the recent development about the Industry, – The technology evolution and competitions still on the especially for fastest growth area China. Through more way. and more internet of things, IoT, more quartz crystal res-

Mon 11:25 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Optimal Orientations of Quartz Crystals for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators with the Consideration of Thermal Properties – (Contributed, 000051) J. Wanga, L. Zhanga, L. Xiea, H. Huanga, M. Maa, J. Dua, M.-C. Chaob, S. Shenb and R. Wuc aNingbo University, School of Mech Eng & Mechanics, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China; bTXC (Ningbo) Corporation, 189 Huangshan West Road, Beilun, 315800 Ningbo, China; cNingbo Polytechnic, Department of Civil Engineering, 1067 Xinda Road, 315800 Ningbo, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Piezoelectric crystals are widely used for acoustic wave res- perature to ensure a resonator immunizing from excessive onators of different functioning modes and types including response to changes resulting significant degradation of BAW and SAW. It is well-known that only some special resonator properties and performances. Since the theoret- orientations of crystals will exhibit desirable properties ical framework of wave propagation in piezoelectric solids such as mode couplings, thermal sensitivity, acceleration is known, we need to use the existing data and results for sensitivity, and others that are important in design and ap- the validation of current orientations in actual products. plications of resonators. With extensive studies on physi- The agreement will give us needed confidence of the theory cal properties in last decades and industrial needs of novel and analytical procedures. Through rotations, we calcu- products, it is necessary to comb the known knowledge of lated physical properties as functions of angles and bias quartz crystal material for novel orientations and better fields, enabling the calculation of resonator properties for products is on the top of list of agendas in the industry. the identification of optimal cuts. Such a procedure can With known material properties like elastic, piezoelectric, also be applied to similar crystals for a careful examina- constants, and thermal constants, we can establish the re- tion of possible orientations to maximize the potential use lationships between vibrations and bias fields such as tem- of materials in acoustic wave resonators.

Mon 11:40 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Acoustoﬂuidic Multibody Simulations of Hydrodynamically and Acoustically Interacting Particles Be- yond the Rayleigh Limit – (Contributed, 000163) T. Baascha and J. Dualb aETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Tannenstrasse 3, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; bInstitute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In microscale acoustophoresis, sound is used for the con- to experimentally obtained values, giving deeper insights tactless handling of microparticles, droplets, cells and into effects such as the particle-chain formation [5]. small organisms. In our work, we devised an algorithm Using a semi-analytical model for the acoustic radiation to predict the trajectories of these particles inside a sound force, however, limits the application range of the algo- field and compared its predictions to experiments. The rithm to the Rayleigh limit, i.e. to wavelengths much main driving factor of the particle motion in the acoustic larger than the particle diameter. An assumption that is field is the acoustic radiation force, a non-zero second or- not valid anymore in surface acoustic wave (SAW) technol- der time averaged effect [1]. However, in order to achieve ogy. To overcome this limitation, our method was coupled satisfying results for the dynamics of multiple particles, with the Finite Element Method (FEM), which allows to the hydrodynamic interactions, contact laws and acoustic calculate the acoustic radiation forces even if the acous- interactions should also be taken into account. We com- tic wavelength is comparable to the particle diameter, i.e. bined an analytical model of the acoustic particle-particle beyond the Rayleigh limit. interactions [2] with a Stokesian dynamics formulation References [1] L. P. Gor’Kov. Soviet Physics Doklady. Vol. for the hydrodynamic interactions [3] and a Moreau type 6. (1962). [2] G. T. Silva et al. Phys. Rev. E 90.6, 063007 time-stepper [4], able to handle non-smooth set-valued (2014). [3] L. Durlofsky, et al. J. Fluid Mech.180 (1987). contact laws, into one numerical method. The trajecto- [4] J. Moreau. Springer Vienna (1988). [5] T. Baasch et ries determined by our algorithm are in good agreement al. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.141.3 (2017). 38 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Mon 11:55 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Enhanced ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties in La modiﬁed BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ce- ramics prepared by tape casting – (Contributed, 000294) S. Shena, J. Chenb and J. Chengc aShanghai University, Sangda Road 99, Shanghai, Sangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China; bShanghai University, Sangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China; cShanghai University, Shangda Road 99, shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-PT) BF-PT system has at- aqueous tape casting, solid-state reaction method, respec- tracted a broad attention due to its multiferroic nature tively. The results indicate that the tape casting method and its consolidated polycrystalline form with exception- exerts some obvious impacts on the performance of ceram- ally high tetragonality (c/a ratio) of approximately 1.17 ics. XRD results indicated that all the ceramics showed closed to the MPB. However, low insulation and huge in- the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal coexistent ternal mechanical stresses existed in BF-PT system would phase without clearly detectable secondary phase. The restrain the application of BF-PT multiferroic ceramics. more densified and uniform grains were observed in BLF- Works on La modified BF-PT ceramic have obtained a 43PT ceramic prepared by tape casting. The BLF-43PT highly insulated ceramic with dielectric loss of 0.03 at 100 ceramic prepared by tape casting can obtain a square Hz, and the c/a ratio of the ceramic is calculated to 1.03. shaped ferroelectric hysteresis loops with large remnant The tape casting owns excellent convenience in multilayer polarization of 40µC/cm2. Furthermore, enhanced and structure design through tapes lamination compared with huge field-induced strain of 0.5% at 60 kV/cm, frequency a conventional process. Some reports found tape casting of 1 Hz was observed in ceramic prepared by tape casting. was a good preparation process to improve the piezoelec- Our results indicate that properties of BLF-PT ceramics tric property of ceramics. In this work, the polycrystalline prepared by a lamination process based on a non-aqueous 0.57(Bi0.8La0.2) FeO3-0.43PbTiO3 (BLF-43PT) ceramics tape casting method can be comparable to that of the were prepared by a lamination process based on a non- ceramics by conventional process.

Mon 12:10 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications Theoretical and experimental study of c-axis-tilted ScAlN / sapphire for SAW devices with high electromechanical coupling – (Contributed, 000223) S. Tokudaa, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawac and T. Yanagitanid aDoshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; dWaseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

SAW devices have been widely used as the key parts of K 2 reached 3.9% (phase velocity V = 5521 m/s) at H /λ mobile phone. High electromechanical coupling coeffi- = 0.20 and ψ = 90◦ and 3.7% (V = 4317 m/s) at H /λ cient K 2 is required for a wide filter bandwidth and a low = 0.92 and ψ = 54◦ in Rayleigh mode SAW. Next, c-axis loss. ScAlN films have attracted much attention because tilted ScAlN films were grown on R- sapphire substrate by of its high piezoelectric property. ScAlN / high-velocity- using an RF magnetron sputtering system. The substrate substrate (e.g., 6H-SiC and diamond) structure has high holder angle γ to the target surface plane was adjusted to SAW phase velocity and K 2. In previous study, we the- be 0◦, 45◦, 60◦ and 90◦. c-Axis tilt angle of ScAlN film 2 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ oretically analyzed K in c-axis-tilted Sc0.4Al0.6N / dia- obtained ψ = 11.2 , 26.4 , 33.1 and 56.3 on R-sapphire mond substrate structure as functions of normalized film substrate at γ = 0◦, 45◦, 60◦ and 90◦, respectively. The thickness H /λ and c-axis tilt angle ψ. The K 2 with the c- c-axis tilt angle ψ increased with increasing the substrate axis-tilted film was higher than that with c-axis-normally- tilt angle γ. Then, IDTs were fabricated on the samples. ◦ oriented film because high piezoelectric coefficient e33 con- The insertion loss with c-axis-33 -tilted ScAlN film was tributes to excite SV wave which is one component of 34 dB, whereas that with c-axis-normally-oriented ScAlN SAW. However, it is difficult to perform experiments us- film was 47 dB. Although the farther investigations of c- ing diamond substrate because it is very expensive. In axis-56◦-tilted ScAlN are required, high K 2 is expected this study, we theoretically analyzed K 2 in c-axis-tilted with increasing c-axis tilt angle. Sc0.4Al0.6N film / R-sapphire substrate structure. The

Mon 11:00 308A Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics Ultrasonic Joining of Hybrid Materials and Structures for Engineering Applications – (Invited, 000095) Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 39

F. Balle TU Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A central research field of our group is the realization hybrid welds between fiber reinforced polymer composites and to study innovative multi-material or even hybrid to automotive and aerospace light alloys. The high fre- joints by ultrasonic welding techniques. The talk gives quency process (20 kHz) was monitored by online NDT- an over-view about suitable ultrasonic welding systems as methods like thermography and laser-vibrometry. All real- well as important parameters, which influence the quality ized multi-material joints were characterized by their me- and microstructure of dissimilar joints. Besides the well- chanical performance. Furthermore the welded interface established spot welding technique also special ultrasonic- as well as fracture surfaces after mechanical loading were based welding techniques like torsion and roll-seam weld- investigated in detail by using light optical and electron ing will be introduced for joints between dissimilar light microscopy (SEM and TEM) as well as spectroscopy (EDX metals such as aluminum to titanium as well as lightweight and EELS).

Mon 11:25 308A Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics Ultrasonic Complex Vibration Welding Systems Using Two- dimensional Vibration Stress -Ultrasonic welding using various welding tips - – (Contributed, 000057) J. Tsujino Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaubashi, Kanagawa-ku, 221-8686 Yokohama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Conventional ultrasonic welding method using linear vi- vibration, required vibration velocity becomes one-third bration locus has limited welding characteristics. For to quarter compared with conventional welding and weld improving welding characteristics, ultrasonic complex vi- strength near to material strength was obtained indepen- bration welding method using two-dimensional vibration dent of specimen position and direction with smaller vibra- stress was developed and proved significantly effective for tion damages of welding specimens. Furthermore, using various small to large welding specimens. Ultrasonic metal the complex vibration welding tip with rotating circular welding is used for joining same and different metal ma- to elliptical vibration locus, soft metal such as lead and terials and obtained welded part has superior mechani- lead/tin solder and also electric wire with insulating coat- cal and electrical characteristics. Welding mechanism is ing are welded successfully which are almost impossible based on atomic force and welded interface has no dif- to weld using conventional ultrasonic welding with linear fusion and no inter-metallic structure. Complex vibra- vibration. Various welding tips could be installed the free tion converter using diagonal slits driven by a longitu- edge part using a connecting bolt due to smaller required dinal vibration source was proposed for ultrasonic com- vibration velocity. Complex vibration welding tip is easily plex welding of various specimens. The longitudinal to changeable. Welding characteristics of various metal spec- torsional complex vibration converter vibrates in rotat- imens such as aluminum, copper, nickel and aluminum al- ing circular to elliptical vibration locus at a free edge of loy plates and foils were studied using 20, 27 and 40 kHz the converter in the case where vibration phase difference complex vibration welding systems. Many thin metal foil between longitudinal and torsional vibrations is about 90 electrode and terminals for Li-ion battery and capacitor degrees. The converter was designed using equivalent elec- were welded successfully using the complex vibration sys- trical transmission line method and FEM. Using complex tems.

Mon 11:40 308A Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ozone Treatment on Oil Recovery Wastewater from Polymer Flooding – (Contributed, 000254) W. Songa, S. Yua, L. Zhangb and W. Wanga aHarbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China; bNo.703 RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CSIC, No. 35 Honghu Road, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150078 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: swp{_}[email protected]

Polymer ﬂooding technology is a promising method to im- proposed to degrade the polymer in oil recovery wastew- prove the oil recovery rate. However, a large amount of ater. The eﬀect of ultrasonic treatment, ozone treatment polymer in the oil recovery wastewater makes the wastew- and ultrasonic-assisted ozone treatment on viscosity and ater appear high viscosity, which delays the separation of polymer concentration of the wastewater was investigated oil and water. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted ozone was experimentally. 40 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Firstly, the same oil recovery wastewater from polymer tration of wastewater were reduced by 95.80% and 75.64% flooding was treated by ultrasound and ozone separately. respectively. Moreover, when the wastewater was treated With the ultrasonic treatment of 10 minutes, the viscosity by 3-minutes ultrasound and 1-minute ozonation sequen- and polymer concentration of wastewater was reduced by tially, the viscosity and polymer concentration of wastewa- 96.56% and 55.64% respectively. With the ozone treat- ter were reduced by 95.14% and 92.31% respectively. This ment of 10 minutes, the viscosity and polymer concen- is because that the macromolecular chains of polymer are tration of wastewater was reduced by 13.44% and 82.60% broken by ultrasonic cavitation, and the resultant low respectively. This indicates that ultrasound is more effi- molecular weight polymer is more susceptible to be de- cient for viscosity reduction while ozone is more efficient graded by ozone. In conclusion, ultrasonic-assisted ozone for polymer degradation. is an effective way for polymer degradation and viscosity With the treatment of 1-minute ozonation and 3-minutes reduction, which is much helpful for the treatment of oil ultrasound sequentially, the viscosity and polymer concen- recovery wastewater form polymer flooding.

Mon 11:55 308A Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics Dynamic Characteristics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers – (Contributed, 000016) A. Feeneya, L. Kangb, G. Rowlandsb and S. Dixona aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The flexural ultrasonic transducer is a robust and inex- their operation is essential to optimise application. The pensive device which can be used as either a transmit- vibration behaviour of a flexural transducer can be discre- ter or receiver of ultrasound, commonly used as proximity tised into three principal zones, comprising a build-up to sensors or in industrial metrology systems. Their sim- steady-state, steady-state, and a natural decay, or ring- ple construction comprises a piezoelectric disc bonded to down. This discretisation can be used to develop mathe- a metal cap, which is a membrane that can be consid- matical interpretations of the flexural transducer response. ered as a constrained plate. Flexural transducers tend Through a combination of experimental methods includ- to be driven with a short voltage burst of several cycles ing laser Doppler vibrometry, and the development of a at a nominal resonant frequency, in one of two vibration mechanical analog model, the response mechanisms of flex- modes. The physics of their vibration response has not ural transducers are investigated. been thoroughly reported, and yet an understanding of

Mon 11:00 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Simultaneous Enhancement of B-Mode Axial and Lateral Resolution using Axial Deconvolution – (Contributed, 000126) A.´ Makraa, G. Csánya, K. Szalaib and M. Gyöngya aPázmány Péter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Práter utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; bSemmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Ull˝oi¨ út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Enhancement of image resolution in ultrasound images is frequency response of the transducer, lateral resolution, key to help clinicians find early indicators of pathological which improves with increasing central frequency, can also lesions. Image resolution enhancement relies on decon- be enhanced. Lateral resolution can be further enhanced volving the point spread function (PSF) of the imaging using high-pass filtering, although since axial resolution system out of the raw ultrasound image prior to envelope depends on transducer bandwidth, care must be taken detection and other post- processing steps. Unfortunately, not to limit the latter. Using simulated and experimental in most cases the PSF is spatially variant, complicating its data from two single element transducers (of 20, 35 MHz estimation and subsequent use in deconvolution. The cur- nominal frequencies), it is shown frequency-weighted ax- rent work is driven by the realization that the PSF can ial deconvolution can simultaneously improve resolution be decomposed into spatially invariant and variant com- by up to 25% in both directions. The results demonstrate ponents, namely the electric and geometric responses of a framework for improving axial and lateral resolution for the transducer element(s). Since the electric response acts ultrasound images that is unaffected by depth-dependent along the depth or axial direction, depth-independent ax- effects and that can balance the need for axial and lateral ial deconvolution can be performed along the entire image. resolution improvement based on their relative values. Moreover, since axial deconvolution effectively shapes the Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 41

Mon 11:15 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Development of skin thickness measurement algorithm for HIFU treatment guidance – (Contributed, 000114) E.-J. Shina, J. Leea and J. H. Changa,b,c aDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cSogang Institutes of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

HIFU can cause irreversible tissue damage, image-based sponse of a transducer and A-line data was conducted be- guidance is a pivotal feature for safe and accurate treat- fore envelope detection. For the evaluation, we obtained ment. For beauty treatment, especially, it is necessary to 50 scanlines in 0.1 mm intervals by mechanically translat- know the thickness of skin layer before treatment. Unlike ing either an 8 MHz or 26 MHz imaging transducers on HIFU systems for tumor therapy, however, HIFU probes the cheek, and compared the ultrasound images obtained for beauty treatment should be inexpensive because they using the conventional envelope detection and the pro- need to be replaced frequently. For this reason, instead posed algorithms. The proposed algorithm distinguished of using expensive imaging array transducers, single ele- three layers and provided the information about the thick- ment transducers are desirable for skin thickness measure- nesses of 1.36, 1.54, and 1.86 mm when using the 8 MHz ments. Unless a very high-frequency ultrasound trans- transducer. In contrast, only one layer thickness of 1.1 ducer (∼100 MHz) is used, it is difficult to distinguish mm was available in case of the 26 MHz transducer due the echoes from adjacent skin layers. If the difference in to the frequency-dependent attenuation of ultrasound. In acoustic impedance between two layers is low, the inten- all cases, however, the proposed algorithm was superior sity of echoes from the boundary of the layers is similar to the conventional one, i.e., better contrast and clearer to system noise floor. For these reasons, skin thickness boundary between the layers. The thicknesses of three measurement based on envelope signals obtained by gen- layers measured using the 8 MHz transducer correspond eral quadrature demodulation is sometimes inaccurate. To to the superficial dermis, deep dermis, and SMAS that are solve this problem, cross-correlation between impulse re- target layers in HIFU skin lifting.

Mon 11:30 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Reconstruction of wavespeed maps using seismic full waveform inversion – (Contributed, 000142) E. Bachmann and J. Tromp Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, 08544, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A wavespeed map reconstruction method using transducer simulations based on a spectral element method. The as- arrays is presented, based on seismic full waveform in- sociated computational cost, previously too expensive, has version. It relies on an optimization problem that aims become acceptable thanks to continuously growing com- to minimize discrepancies between data recorded by the puting power. Speciﬁcally, Graphics Processing Units are transducers and synthesized data obtained from a com- used to reduce the computation time. The experimental puterized physical model of the medium. The problem is set-up geometry plays an important role in convergence of solved with local optimization tools, and the gradient of the method. An optimized set-up is determined, and 2D the cost function is obtained with two numerical waveﬁeld and 3D results are presented.

Mon 11:45 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Evaluation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Normal and Myocardial Infarction Hearts Using Echodynamog- raphy – (Contributed, 000171) S. Oktamuliania, K. Hasegawab and Y. Saijoc aTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan; cTohoku University, Aoba 6-6- 05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Blood flow dynamics was analyzed in normal and myocar- of blood flow vector in the left ventricle (LV) applying the dial infarction (MI) subjects using Echodynamography theories of fluid dynamics to color Doppler echocardiog- (EDG). EDG visualizes two-dimensional (2D) distribution raphy data. The principle concept of EDG is that non- 42 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook turbulent LV blood flow is described as the combination kHz. Blood flow distribution was different in normal and of base flow and vortex flow. The vortex flow is considered MI subjects. In the isovolumetric contraction period, a as 2D flow on a plane so that classical ”stream function” small vortex was observed in normal LV while a large ro- is applied to obtain 2D blood flow vector. The base flow is tating flow was observed in MI. In the ejection period, defined as the flow without vortex formation on the plane. blood flow was concentrated to LV outflow in normal LV Newly proposed ”flow function” considers blood flow to while a vortex was observed at LV apex in MI. The dif- and from other plane and the 2D vector of the base flow ference of the flow pattern may be influenced by the dif- is obtained with the flow function. Color Doppler data ference of LV contractility. EDG will provide important of LV apical three-chamber view were recorded by a com- information on the energy transfer from LV contraction to mercially available medical ultrasound equipment with the the LV blood flow. central frequency of 2.5 MHz and the repetition rate of 4

Mon 12:00 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Two-dimensional Blood Flow Vectors Obtained with a Single Sector Probe – (Contributed, 000205) M. Maedaa, R. Nagaokaa, S. Yaegashib, H. Ikedab and Y. Saijoa aTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death. with two different angles. 1D velocity component on each Blood flow measurement is essential to diagnose regurgi- diverging beam was measured by Doppler technique and tation or stenosis of the heart valve. Furthermore, quan- the 2D velocity vector were deduced from the geometric re- titative flow analysis in the heart cavity is important to lation of the 1D velocity components. In order to validate predict the prognosis of heart failure. Among several med- the method, in vitro experiment was conducted by using ical imaging modalities for blood flow visualization, color a flow PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) gel phantom. 2D veloc- Doppler ultrasound imaging has the highest spatial and ity vectors obtained with the proposed method were com- temporal resolution. However, conventional color Doppler pared with the flow vectors obtained with PIV (Particle method has the limitation that the method merely mea- Image Velocimetry) method. In case of vortex flow with sures the one-dimensional (1D) blood flow velocity along the velocity range from 0 to 100 mm/s, a root mean square the ultrasonic beam. In this study, we propose a method error of axial and lateral components was 11.4 mm/s and to deduce two-dimensional (2D) blood flow velocity vec- 31.7 mm/s, respectively. The method was also applied to tors from pairs of 1D velocity components measured from in vivo measurement of the left ventricular blood flow of two different angles. Diverging beams from two different a 22-year-old healthy volunteer. 2D distribution of blood point sources set in a single sector probe having a cen- flow vectors in the left ventricle was clearly visualized in ter frequency of 2.5 MHz were transmitted and received. each cardiac phase. The method may provide important Thus, blood flow velocity at arbitrary point was measured information on cardiac flow dynamics.

Mon 12:15 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing Eﬀects of ﬂow velocities on the pressure wave using a blood vessel mimicking tube – (Contributed, 000284) F. Iwasea, S.-Y. Shimadaa and M. Matsukawab aDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, 610-0321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyako- dani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The pressure wave in artery is very similar to the pulse mon carotid artery and internal carotid artery. The young wave measured in vivo, which can be an indicator of the modulus of these tubes was set to 180kPa.The propaga- arterial stiffness. In this study, in order to investigate tion phenomena in the bifurcation tube was elucidated by the behavior pressure wave in arteries, especially near the two experiments, one is to check the effect of bifurcation bifurcation, pressure wave and flow wave were experimen- angles on the flow velocities and the other is to check ef- tally studied using blood vessel model tubes. At first, the fect of various flow velocities on the pressure waveforms. effects of bifurcation angles on the pressure waveform were By flowing tracer particles into the tubes filled with wa- investigated. A bifurcation tube composed of two types of ter, the flow velocity was measured using a particle image tubes with different diameter was fabricated. The diam- velocimetry (PIV) using a high speed camera (MC-2.1, eter and thickness of each bifurcation polymer tube were Photron). The pressure wave was also measured using a determined according to the configuration of the left com- pressure sensor (AP-10S, KEYENCE). As a result, the Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 43 larger the bifurcation angle becomes, the more the flow wave reflects the characteristics of the pressure wave, the velocity decreases. However, the pressure waveform did effect of the bifurcation on the pulse wave seems small. not depend on the bifurcation angle. Because the pulse

Mon 13:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Discovery of Transmodal Fabry-Perot Resonance for Elastic Wave Mode Conversion – (Invited, 000084)

Y. Y. Kima, J. M. Kweuna and X. Yangb aSeoul National University, Depart of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; b BK21 Plus Transformative Program for Creative Mechanical & Aerospace Engineers, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Unlike acoustic waves in fluids, elastic waves in solids have one can use it for powerful transverse mode based ultra- both longitudinal and transverse modes. Because of the sound imaging. Here, we report a recent discovery of the co-existence of dissimilar modes, conversion ofone mode transmodal Fabry-Perot resonance by which wave modes type solely to another is not possible in isotropic media un- can be converted at high efficiency. It can also maintain less their propagation directions are altered. Also, existing their propagation directions. Interesting, the phenomenon refraction/reflection based techniques have low conversion occurs only through an anisotropic slab and thus we elab- efficiency. If high-efficiency mode conversion is possible, orately designed anisotropic elastic metamaterials used for one can effectively generate from a longitudinal mode a experiments. transverse mode that is difficult to generate directly. Then

Mon 13:25 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Elastic waves in tunable acoustic metamaterials by active control – (Contributed, 000046) Y.-Z. Wang and Y.-S. Wang Beijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The elastic wave behaviors of acoustic and mechanical ternal information and make the corresponding response. metamatrials have received a lot of attention. Some So this study will show the properties of elastic waves in unique features such as the stop bands and negative dy- tunable acoustic metamaterials by the active control ac- namical mass can be achieved. Then, many investigations tion. From the result, it can be seen that both the band are focused on the tunable properties of these characteris- gap properties and frequency region that generates the tics elastic waves in acoustic and mechanical metamatrials. negative dynamic mass can be actively controlled by this Although some tunable methods on the stop bands have method. been reported, they usually apply the passive methods which are not easily changed based on the practical engi- This work is supported by the National Natural Science neering situations. Diﬀerently, by the automatic system Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11772039 and characteristics, the active control action can receive the ex- 11532001.

Mon 13:40 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Elastic wave lens and mirror concepts for enhanced energy harvesting – (Contributed, 000244) S. Tol, L. Degertekin and A. Erturk Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruﬀ School of Mechanical Engineering, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, 30332, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This talk presents our recent efforts on the spatial focusing perimental results on the focusing and harvesting of plane and enhanced harvesting of structure-borne waves by tai- waves by means of a Gradient-Index Phononic Crystal loring the refraction and reflection characteristics of elastic Lens (GRIN-PCL). The proposed GRIN-PCL is formed media. The two approaches of interest are the use of elas- by an array of blind holes with different diameters. The tic wave lens and mirror structures. In the first gradient- blind hole distribution is tailored to obtain a hyperbolic index lens scenario, we discuss our computational and ex- secant profile of refractive index for the lowest antisym- 44 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook metric Lamb wave mode. A piezoelectric energy harvester harvesting. A detailed investigation of SEM design, anal- located at the focus of the GRIN-PCL yields an order of ysis, and experimental validation is presented. The SEMs magnitude larger power output as compared to the base- proposed in this effort use metallic spheres (e.g. tungsten) line case. The second lens concept is a phononic crystal- inserted into blind holes in a flat aluminum plate domain. based Luneburg lens and it alleviates the directivity is- While the SEM performance improves with impedance sue due to its axisymmetric refractive index profile. This mismatch, transmission resonances of the inclusions are Luneburg lens employing hexagonal blind hole unit cells is detrimental to reflection performance. A relationship be- also investigated numerically and experimentally. Omni- tween elastic mirror geometry and wavelength is unveiled directional performance of the Luneburg lens is validated to minimize energy concentration in side lobes around the experimentally, and more than an order of magnitude in- intended focus. This talk concludes with metamaterial- crease in the harvested power is observed as compared based low-frequency lens and mirror concepts by exploit- to the baseline scenario. We also review our Structurally ing locally resonant unit cells. Embedded Mirror (SEM) concepts for enhanced energy

Mon 13:55 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Stress wave mitigation and ﬁltering via origami-based metamaterials – (Contributed, 000099) H. Yasuda and J. Yang University of Washington, 311B Guggenheim Hall, Box 352400, Seattle, 98195-2400, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We study the formation and propagation of nonlinear specifically on the stress wave mitigation and filtering ca- stress waves in origami-based mechanical metamaterials. pabilities of the origami-based metamaterials. The unique These metamaterial systems are composed of architected aspect of these systems as mechanical impact and vibra- arrays of volumetric origami cells, which allow us to tailor tion absorbers is that they do not rely on material damp- their mechanical properties at will by leveraging the su- ing or plasticity, in contrast to conventional damping ma- perb tunability of origami. We report that these origami terials and structures. This may offer a new design method architectures can support novel types of linear and non- to fabricate highly efficient and controllable - yet reusable linear stress waves, thereby leading to an efficient man- - mechanical impact/vibration mitigating systems for var- agement of stress waves propagating in them. We focus ious engineering applications.

Mon 14:10 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1 Elastic Metamaterial for Vibration Shielding at Broad Low Frequencies – (Contributed, 000122) J. H. Oha, S. Qib, Y. Y. Kimc and B. Assouarb aUNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 112 Dong 801-11 Ho, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea; bUniversity of Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Facult´edes Sciences et Technologies, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, P 70239, Vandoeuvre l`es Nancy cedex, 54506 Nancy, France; cSeoul National University, Depart of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In spite of various efforts using metamaterial, achieving the shear stiffness. Therefore, one can independently tune stop band over broad band at low frequency ranges has each frequencies, which can provide very broad stop band remained a great challenge. In this work, we propose a at low frequencies. Based on this new idea, we propose a new idea that can provide extremely low frequency stop new elastic metamaterial having shear stiffening and ro- band at broad frequency ranges. To achieve the broad stop tation softening. Numerical and theoretical results will band at low frequencies, we propose a new idea, called a be shown to support our new idea of shear stiffening and dual mechanism of shear stiffening and rotation softening. rotation softening. Also, we will show the experimental re- From the theory of flexural elastic wave, we found that alization of elastic metamaterial having extremely broad the lower edge frequency of the stop band is dominated by stop band at very low frequencies - which almost covers the rotational stiffness, while the upper edge frequency, by general vibration frequencies.

Mon 13:00 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of complex media - case studies – (Invited, 000033) N. F. Declercqa, L. Chehamib, P. Pomar`edec, F. Meraghnic, E. Ahmed Mohammedb and O. Ez-Zahraouyb aGeorgia Institute of Technology, UMI Georgia Tech - CNRS 2958, 2 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France; bGEORGIA INSTITUTE OF Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 45

TECHNOLOGY, UMI Georgia Tech - CNRS 2958, 2 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France; cLEM3, UMR CNRS 7239, Art et M´etiers Paris Tech, 4 Rue Augustin Fresnel, 57078 Metz, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Case studies of nondestructive techniques are presented for change in relative wave velocity. Here, both methods are the investigation of complex media (composites, periodic investigated for different damage mechanisms. Then, non- bi-materials). In many cases, c-scans or polar scans often destructive evaluation of a 3D bi-material structure will be do not reveal sufficient information about the medium, a presented. The difficulty of applying ultrasonic techniques reason why it is important to use more sophisticated ap- to bi-material structures lies in the fact that different phe- proaches. Composite samples exhibit generally a complex nomena coexist, such as diffraction effects caused by the anisotropic evolution of defects induced by several damage periodicity and the nonlinear effects caused by the ad- mechanisms. As damage monitoring tools, two methods hesion properties between matrix and fibers. Here, both are proposed and described here. The first is based on a phenomena are investigated using ultrasonic Bragg diffrac- direct measurement of the complete stiffness tensor. An tion and nonlinear modulation spectroscopy techniques. attractive approach was recently proposed which consid- Finally, an X-Ray tomography imaging is performed and ers the reverberated ”coda” part, as in musical acoustics, reveals complementary information about the evolution of instead of the common ”ballistic” waves. The main dam- volume voids inside the materials. age indicator in the case of the use of coda waves is the

Mon 13:25 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Ultrasound ﬁeld simulation in crystal-based acousto-optic devices – (Contributed, 000065) S. N. Mantsevicha, V. I. Balakshya, K. B. Yushkovb and V. Y. Molchanovb aLomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bNational University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The problem of bulk ultrasonic beam propagation in crys- sis involves finite piezoelectric transducer dimensions, in- tals is solved for acousto-optic (AO) devices. Ultrasonic ternal temperature gradients in the crystal, and ultrasonic beam structure is simulated and analyzed, and AO inter- beam reflection from a free surface of the crystal which is action between finite wave beams is considered. often used to arouse the acoustic beam having a desired Our approach to the problem based on the spatial Fourier propagation direction [S.N. Mantsevich et al., Ultrason., transform allows us to take into account the effect of 78, 175, 2017]. Finally, diffraction of an optical beam by the crystal acoustic anisotropy on each component of the inhomogeneous acoustic field is calculated. the acoustic beam angular spectrum [V.I. Balakshy, S.N. We present the results of acoustic field structure modeling Mantsevich, Acoust. Phys., 58, 549, 2012]. Thus it be- in a paratellurite AO cell with reflection of the acoustic comes possible to simulate the ultrasound field amplitude beam from the input optical face of the crystal. This ge- and phase structure for arbitrary directions in acousto- ometry of AO interaction is referred to as quasi-collinear optic crystals. The structure of the ultrasonic beam diffraction since group velocity directions of incident light changes with the distance from the transducer plane as and ultrasound coincide. The results of the simulations a result of diffraction on its aperture. It is known that are compared with experimental studies. the medium acoustic anisotropy may move up or away The research was supported by the Ministry of Education from the transducer the location of the far field diffraction and Science of the Russian Federation in the Framework zone in comparison with its position in the acoustically of Increase competitiveness program of NUST ”MISIS” isotropic medium. Besides acoustic anisotropy, the analy- (Project K2-2016-072).

Mon 13:40 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Grain Shape Dependent Coherent Wave Attenuation in Heterogeneous Media – (Contributed, 000149) M. Ryzya, T. Grabecb and I. A. Veresa aRECENDT GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Science Park 2 / 2.OG, 4040 Linz, Austria; bNuclear Physics Institute, Reˆz130,ˇ 250 68 Reˆz,ˇ Czech Republic Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Elastic waves, propagating through polycrystalline mate- we demonstrate the necessity of taking a materials’ mi- rials are subject to elastic scattering at the boundaries crostructural morphologies into account, in order to im- of single crystallites, which leads to a frequency depen- prove theoretical predictions. This contributes to a better dent attenuation of the coherent waves. In this work, comprehension of ultrasonic wave attenuation, which is of 46 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook major importance for non-destructive testing and medical We numerically model three different polycrystalline sam- imaging techniques. ples with the dimensions of 2x2x1mm by the commonly Established wave scattering theories for polycrystalline used Voronoi tessellation algorithm. Each of the samples media often barely predict attenuation coefficients ob- is composed of 8000 grains with identical mean grain di- tained by experimental investigations or finite element ameter, but with different shape uniformity, i.e. different simulations. One reason for this is, that in theoretical diameter distribution width. This leads to different spa- models, a certain grain statistics is assumed, which is re- tial autocorrelation functions, which are calculated from flected by a simple exponential form of the two-point cor- the tessellations. A finite element method is used to sim- relation function (TPC) and thereby completely disregard ulate P-wave propagation for aluminum and Inconel in a the statistics of the actual grains size and shape distri- frequency range from 10 to 240MHz, covering the Rayleigh bution. We show a way to adequately account for the and stochastic scattering region. A strong dependence grain morphology by directly incorporating a microstruc- of the attenuation on the grains’ shape uniformity in the tures’ TPC into an established scattering theory. The Rayleigh-stochastic transition region is shown, and excel- approach is validated by comparing P-wave attenuation lent agreement with the theoretically calculated attenua- coefficients obtained from finit element simulations with tion curves is found in the whole frequency range for both those obtained from the theoretical model. material systems.

Mon 13:55 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Additively Manufactured Acoustic Diﬀuser Structures for Ultrasonic Applications – (Contributed, 000167)

L. Claes, H. Zeipert, P. Koppa, T. Tr¨oster and B. Henning Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

To prevent errors in ultrasonic measurement systems (e.g. ation of absorbers with the required fine structure would for sound velocity measurements), stray signals have to be be very costly. Therefore, we propose using additive man- absorbed or dispersed. While absorbers are commercially ufacturing methods to create diffusive structures. Utiliz- available, they are typically limited to specific fluid, for ing metals as material for the diffuser allows for applica- example water, and to only a small temperature range. bility over a wide temperature range. There are however some application where flexibility re- In an empirical study, we manufacture different diffuser garding the examined fluid (e.g. compatibility with gases structures by selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic and liquids) and temperature is required. powder. Using procedurally generated geometry for 3D- With regards to the compatibility with a wide variety of modelling, we can create deterministic as well as stochastic fluids, structured diffusers are to be preferred over ab- surface structures. The manufacturing method also allows sorbers which require a matched acoustic impedance with us to create some structures that could not be fabricated the adjacent fluid. However, the structure of the diffusers by traditional means. The diffusive properties of these has to be in the scale of the wavelength of incident acoustic structures are compared using ultrasonic pulse echo mea- waves. Using conventional methods like milling, the cre- surements.

Mon 14:10 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments Experiments and Simulations of the Standing Wave Acoustic Field Produced by Two Transducers Mounted in Contraposition – (Contributed, 000091) H. Donga, L. Jiab, Y. Guanc and J. Zhaoa aHarbin Institution of Technology, Room 123, Main Building, Harbin Institution of Technology,Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001 Harbin, China; bChongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing, 402247 Chongqing, China; cHarbin Institution of Technology, Room 207, Main Building, Harbin Institution of Technol- ogy,Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Standing wave acoustic levitation transmission technique the reflector is formed when optimizing the angle between has been widely used in many research areas. In this work, the central lines of the two transducers, the distance be- two Langevin-type piezoelectric transducers’ output are tween the two transducers’ output and their reflectors, the assembled face to face at a certain angle. Each trans- exciting phase differential on the two transducers. Accord- ducer’s output acts as both its radiator and another trans- ingly, the object during the acoustic field can be levitated, ducer’s reflector. The authors termed it as contraposition moved and manipulated. Not only the acoustic field pres- transducer array. Standing wave between the radiator and sure is theoretically derived, but also its potential location Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 47 is Ansys-programmed simulated and illustrated. As a re- the authors. Finally, the influences of geometrical param- sult, the restrictions are detailed which are necessary to eters and exciting phase differential on the formed acoustic form the standing wave. The corresponding experiments field are numerically simulated. are carried out to demonstrate the proposed method by

Mon 13:00 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound 3D Blood vessel mapping for small animal using high frequency ultrafast Doppler Imaging – (Invited, 000275) C.-C. Huang National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Adult zebrafish have been used to model tumorigenesis, compounding image of dorsal blood vessel at a high frame angiogenesis, and regeneration. However, once the ze- rate of 300 Hz for 0.5 s at each sagittal plane. Then, the brafish has fully matured, especially wild-type lines, it de- transducer was moved (100 m) to next scanning plane by velops stripes that run along the body and thus lose trans- motor to obtained image from different sagittal planes for parency. High frequency ultrasound imaging has been 3D imaging. After all data were obtained, a high-pass spa- used to monitor the adult zebrafish heart blood flow. How- tiotemporal filtering was implemented on data processing ever, it is still difficult to observe the dorsal blood circu- of each sagittal plane for distinguishing blood signals from lation due to its resolution. Hence, the purpose of this noise or tissue signals. The 2D blood vessel mapping and study is to utilize ultrafast ultrasound imaging with high 3D vessel structure were also obtained clearly by using frequency transducer to reconstruct the 3D blood vessel 40 MHz ultrafast Doppler imaging. The measured reso- mapping of adult zebrafish. In this study, adult zebrafishe lution for vessel imaging is about 50 in diameter without were anesthetized in 7% Tricaine solution and then embed- micro-bubble. All the results show the feasibility of using ded in the sponge for dorsal blood circulation imaging. An high frequency ultrafast Doppler imaging to reconstruct ultrafast ultrasound imaging system (Vantage 256) with a the 2D and 3D blood vessel mapping for zebrafish, which 256-element high frequency array transducer (MS550D) are useful for modeling and observing tumorigenesis and were used to acquire the IQ signals from zebrafish. The its neighboring changes of vasculature map in zebrafish operational frequency of transducer is 40 MHz. Five plane model. wave angles were transmitted to zebrafish for acquiring the

Mon 13:25 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound Estimation of the linear displacement and rotation movement of the extensor digitorum communis tendon based on ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imaging – (Contributed, 000201) C.-C. Huang, M.-Y. Wang and P.-Y. Chen National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Injuries to the hands, wrists and fingers often involve dam- tendon. The operational frequency of transducer is 40 age to multiple tissues. The most important soft- tissue MHz. Seven plane wave angles were transmitted to hand concerns in metacarpal fractures is maintaining extensor for acquiring the compounding image of tendon at a high digitorum communis (EDC) tendon glide. The ability frame rate of 200 Hz. The transducer was placed on EDC to measure tendon displacement during the rehabilitation tendon in longitudinal view and its cross view, respec- process would provide important information for quan- tively, and applied the speckle-tracking method for esti- tifying tendon injuries for clinicians. Movement of ten- mating the displacement and velocity of tendon motion don includes not only linear displacement but also itself and rotation. To reduce the artificial error, we use the rotation. Traditional ultrasound imaging cannot provide Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) to en- enough spatial and temporal resolution to estimating such sure the tendon movement almost consistent. In addition, the detail motion and structure, which means that the im- the subjects have to wear the fixture to reduce the Tremor age quality and the sudden movement in ultrasound would during experiment. alter the estimation results. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate movement and rotation of EDC ten- The motion of tendon was observed clearly at this high don by ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imaging. resolution ultrasound image with an ultra-high frame rate. In the experiment setup, we use an ultrafast imaging sys- So we can analyze the movement and rotation in the ten- tem (Vantage 256) with a 256-element high frequency ar- don from the image. The next works will focus on recon- ray transducer (MS550D) to acquire IQ signals from EDC structing the motion of the EDC tendon in 4D. 48 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Mon 13:40 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound Instantaneous Frequency and Phase of Coupled Microbubble Oscillations – (Contributed, 000314) J. Allena and R. Hayashib aUniversity of Hawaii-Manoa, 333 Hobron Lane, Apt. # 305, Honolulu, 96815, USA; bDept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The nonlinear subharmonic response from an ultrasound spectral analysis which not account for nonlinear and non- contrast facilitates the distinguishing the backscattered stationary effects. Recent studies have demonstrated these signal from that of the surrounding tissue. This is of limitations and investigated an alternative formulation us- particular interest for emerging high frequency applica- ing the Empirical Mode Decomposition, an adaptive signal tions of ultrasound such as ocular and dermal appli- processing method. The physical origins of the enhanced cations. For the subharmonic excitation, the contrast response and amplitude modulation are studied further agents are typically excited by short cycle pulses which with respect to the corresponding instantaneous phase and are typically modulated in terms of the amplitude and frequency responses. For shorter pulse cycle,previously ne- frequency. Though the subharmonic enhancement has glected amplitude modulations effects become apparent. been reported experimentally from chirp (frequency mod- Finally, the role nonstationary forcing of coupled bubble ulated) forcing waveform, it physical origins have not been oscillations is highlighted with respect to this analysis. well understood. Most previous analytical studies of the Enhanced translation due to Secondary Bjerkenes force threshold have assumed continuous, monochromatic si- might be determined and optimized for various nonsta- nusoidal acoustic forcing;moreover, numerical and experi- tionary forcing scenarios. mental studies have defined a threshold in terms of Fourier

Mon 13:55 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound A Stippling Algorithm to Generate Equivalent Point Scatterer Distributions from Ultrasound Images – (Contributed, 000135) K. Füzesi, A.´ Makra and M. Gyöngy Pázmány Péter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Práter utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The representation of ultrasound images as arising from sound image. This is followed by an equivalent scatterer point scatterer distributions has several practical advan- formulation to generate point scatterers with the same re- tages. Firstly, the representation is a sparse solution to sulting ultrasound image as the Wiener solution. The ap- the deconvolution problem, so it will reflect closely the un- proach is related to the stippling problem of representing derlying scattering structure. Secondly, such compressed images using a series of points. A methodological compari- representations reduce data size, aiding data transmission son with l0-norm deconvolution methods is presented. Us- for mobile ultrasound devices. Lastly, the representation ing the algorithm, reconstruction accuracies (using the R2 allows 3D-printed phantoms with point scatterers to ap- coefficient of determination measure) of above 90% were proximate recorded ultrasound images, which can be used consistently obtained, both for simulated and real ultra- for physician training and validation and testing of ultrasound images. The results show the practical applicabil- sound systems. In the current work, Wiener filtering on ity of the algorithm to represent ultrasound images using ultrasound images is first used to generate a least square point scatterers, with particular applications for manufac- error solution of the scattering function causing the ultra- turing realistic tissue phantoms.

Mon 14:10 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound A Low-Cost Portable Ultrasound System for Skin Diagnosis – (Contributed, 000127) G. Csánya, K. Szalaib, K. Füzesia and M. Gyöngya aPázmány Péter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Práter utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; bSemmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Ull˝oi¨ út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Skin tumors present one of the most common cancers early. Therefore, early differential diagnosis of skin tu- in the developed world. The most common type, basal mors is critical, and ultrasound images are able to offer cell carcinoma, is relatively benign as it rarely metasta- additional information to standard dermatoscopic images sises; however, melanoma can become fatal if not detected about the type of skin lesion. The current work presents a Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 49 portable ultrasound system for general practitioners and receives data from a portable ultrasoud device. The de- dermatologists that is user friendly both in the capture of vice consists of an off- the-shelf ultrasound pulser-receiver- images and in their interpretation. A data-based manual digitizer (LeCoeur US-KEY) and transducer (Olympus scan conversion algorithm was developed that generates B- V317, 20 MHz nominal frequency). Comparison with im- mode images from the A-lines in real-time. The algorithm ages from a high- end ultrasound system (Hitachi HI VI- relies on accepting an A-line into a fixed image grid if SION Preirus with 5-18 MHz EUP-L75 transducer) shows a condition based on autocorrelations with previously ac- that lesion morphology is faithfully reconstructed, allow- cepted A-lines is met. The algorithm runs on a laptop that ing for computer-aided diagnosis of skin lesions.

Mon 14:25 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound A smart-phone Based Portable Ultrasound Imaging system for Point-Of-Care applications – (Contributed, 000160) S. Yeoa, J. H. Kima, M. Kima, S. Kyeb, Y. Leec and T.-K. Songa aSogang University, R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bHANSONO Co., Ltd., R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cChosun Instrument, Inc., R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We present a smart-phone based portable ultrasound (US) dimension of the SPUS are 203g (without battery) and imaging system (SPUS), which consists of the smart-phone 173mm x 59mm x 28mm in length, width, and height in- (Galaxy S5 LTE-A, Samsung. Korea, android 7.0) and a cluding exterior, respectively. The performance of SPUS 32-channel system. The developed system contains ana- was evaluated in a phantom and in-vivo experiment. As log and digital front-ends, and mid-processor, and USB a result of the phantom experiments, the -6dB lateral and 2.0∼3.0 Interface, user interface. The smart-phone con- axial resolution (0.29 mm and 0.76mm), contrast resolu- tains the back-end processing and real-time image display tion(6.8dB) and signal-to-noise ratio (23dB) at focal point. on a graphical user interface (GUI). The SPUS developed These results indication the SPUS can support a real-time can provide real-time B/Cmode imaging with maximum B-mode imaging technique at the same time support good frame rate of 50 (i.e., USB 2.0 interface), and it has a image quality. battery life of approximately 3000mAh. The weight and

Mon 13:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 In-situ Health Monitoring of Space Structures Under Hypervelocity Impact: Hybrid Use of Passive Acoustic Emission and Active Nonlinear Guided Waves – (Invited, 000123) Z. Su Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Hypervelocity impact (HVI), as a result of the collision age to the inner layer disorderedly scattered over a wide between spacecraft and meteoroids or orbital debris at a area. A nano-engineered sensor network is embedded into speed that is greater than 1 km/s, is one of the major each shielding system, for implementing in-situ signal ac- threats to space vehicles in low Earth orbit. A health quisition. To locate HVI spot in the outer layer, a pas- monitoring framework is developed for key space struc- sive acoustic emission-based triangulation algorithm is em- tures under such a threat, by allying passive acoustic ployed. To detect the pitting damage in the inner layer, emission testing and active guided waves. Typical two- accumulation of nonlinear wave features (i.e., second har- layer space shielding systems (each comprised of inner monics), upon the actively generated wave traversing the and outer layers) are considered, and impacted by alu- pitting damage, is associated with the degree of the pit- minum projectiles at an HVI speed of ∼4 km/s, respec- ted area in a quantitative manner, whereby HVI-induced tively, using HVI facility. Upon the projectile penetrat- pitting damage is evaluated accurately. This study has ing the outer layer, the projectile-generated debris cloud spotlighted a way to develop in-situ health monitoring ap- further impacted the inner layer, introducing pitting dam- proaches for space structures under HVI.

Mon 13:25 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 Guided wave propagation characteristics in two layers cylindrical porous medium -containing half-space structure – (Contributed, 000034) 50 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

H. Qingbang Ho Hai University, Jin Ling Road, No 200, ChangZhou, JiangSu, China., 213022 Changzhou, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This research devotes to investigate the propagation char- by the radius of the rod and porosity of the porous me- acteristics of the guided wave in two layers porous medium dia. It suggests that the dispersion curve of L(0,1) shifts -containing structure, and special emphasis is paid on the to lower frequency with increasing rod radius; The disper- dependence of the dispersion relation on the porous me- sion is mainly influenced by the properties of internal rod, dia parameters. Three models of two-layer cylindrical and little change with the porosity for mode 1, whilst the half-space containing porous medium are established the- dispersion curves of guided waves gradually shift to low oretically,i.e. the model of elastic cylinder embedded in speed with the increasing porosity for mode 2. Particu- infinite porous media, the porous cylinder embedded in larly, for the model of liquid-immersed porous cylinder, the infinite elastic media, the model of porous cylinder sur- Stoneley-Scholte wave can be clearly distinguished with rounded by fluid. Based on the elastic-dynamic theory of other waves in the time domain, and the Stoneley-Scholte liquid-saturated porous solid and wave theory, the disper- wave dispersion relates intimately with the porosity of the sion curves are simulated numerically, and their depen- porous medium and cylinder radius. In addition, the per- dence on the cylinder radius and porous medium parame- meability of the media has little effect on the dispersion ters are analyzed. The results show that the longitudinal property. The results will provide insights and guidance guided wave propagation in two layers porous medium- for the non-destructive evaluation to the structure of a containing structure is dispersive and mainly influenced solid rod surrounded by infinite media.

Mon 13:40 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 An improved two-stage rapid reconstruction scheme for Lamb wave tomography – (Contributed, 000037)

Y. Liua, S. Qina, X. Liua and N. Hub aChongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing,China, College of Aerospace Engineering, 400044 Chongqing, China; bChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

An improved scheme for a two-stage tomographic recon- tiveness of the modified rapid scheme. Amplitude change struction of damage images based on Lamb waves pro- is used as signal parameters for tomographic image recon- posed by authors has been put forward to enhance the struction. The obtained results show that the position and calculation efficiency and the reliability of results. The ex- shape of the two kinds of damage can be more accurately periments and numerical simulations on aluminum plates identified compared with results of the original scheme, with a non-penetrating slit, and on a carbon fiber rein- and the damage size of the notch and delamination still forced plastic (CFRP) laminated plate with an invisible has a certain degree of error compared with the real one internal delamination are carried out to confirm the effec- because of the damage boundary effect.

Mon 13:55 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 A High-sensitivity and Fast-response Nanocomposites-inspired Sensor for Acousto-ultrasonics-based Structural Health Monitoring – (Contributed, 000048) Y. Liaoa, F. Duanb, L. Zhoua and Z. Sua aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong; bCAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s Republi, 100191 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Promoted by an innovative sensing mechanism, a flexi- are employed to explore the dispersion of nanofillers and ble carbon nanocomposite hybrid sensor made of graphene the crystal characteristic of the sensor, respectively. The and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been developed. sensing ability of the developed sensor is testified through In virtue of the tunneling effect in the conductive net- the acquisition of strain signals from low frequency cyclic work formed in the nanocomposites, the sensor can be tensile loading to high frequency ultrasonic guided waves. used to perceive acousto-ultrasonic wave signals with ul- Based on excellent mechanical and electrical properties tralow magnitudes in a broad frequency range. To advance of graphene, the sensor, fabricated with a solution film- the insight into the sensing mechanism, both the scanning forming method, can reach a high gauge factor of ∼60, re- electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) sponsive to ultrasonic signals up to 300 kHz. Being light Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 51 weight and chemically stable, the developed sensor can reduce the sensing cost while maintaining high sensing effi- be coated onto or embedded into engineering assets with ciency, benefiting ultrasonic- wave-based structure health minute weight penalty and favorable environmental adap- monitoring. tation. The simplified fabrication process can significantly

Mon 14:10 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 Optical Visualization of Leaky Lamb Wave and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing – (Contributed, 000055) Z. An, Z. Hu, J. Mao, G. Lian and X. Wang Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21,Bei-Si-Huan-Xi Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A modified optical visualization technique, which com- Accordingly, a nondestructive ultrasonic testing technique bines photoelastic and schlieren techniques, was used to based on the propagation of the first order antisymmetric study the generation and propagation of the first order an- leaky Lamb wave is proposed and implemented through a tisymmetric leaky Lamb wave in a glass plate immersed in pulse-echo arrangement. It is also found that by measur- water. Special attention has been paid to the phenomena ing the time of flight of the scattered ultrasonic signal at of acoustic energy leakage out of the waveguide as well as each side of the waveguide separately, the position of an the scattering of radiated ultrasonic wave by an obstacle. obstacle away from the waveguide could be located.

Mon 14:25 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 Flow Imaging of Metallic Melts through a Multimode Waveguide – (Contributed, 000087) R. Nauber, M. Kalibatas and J. Czarske Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Professur für Mess- und Prüftechnik, 01062 Dres- den, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The resource-efficiency of many important industrial pro- sound propagation properties of multimode waveguides. cesses, such as continuous steel casting, strongly depends TRVA exploits the time invariance of the wave equation on the complex flow behavior of metallic melts. In order in linear media to focus on a set of pre-calibrated points. to control and optimize those processes, in situ flow imag- These are combined to form a virtual array on the distal ing of hot, opaque liquids is required. For this application end of a waveguide and allow transmit and receive focusing ultrasound Doppler velocimetry can be used if a waveg- into the measurement volume. uide separates the temperature-sensitive transducers from the measurement volume. While singlemode waveguides In this contribution, we validate the TRVA principle nu- are mechanically complex and limited to one-dimensional merically and experimentally. Furthermore, we demon- measurements or slow mechanical scanning, multimode strate planar velocity imaging of a rotating flow in liquid waveguides can carry the information of a complete, al- gallium-indium-tin through a 68 mm borosilicate waveg- though scrambled, two-dimensional image. uide at room temperature. The measurement properties We propose a novel signal processing method, the time are characterized through a comparison with a velocity ref- reversal virtual array (TRVA), that allows flow imaging erence. This work provides a basis for in situ flow imaging with the Ultrasound Doppler principle despite the complex of hot, opaque liquids in harsh industrial environments.

Mon 14:40 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1 Modelling Guided Waves in Layered Media Materials Using the State-vector Formalism and Legendre Polynomial Method – (Contributed, 000177) Y. Lu, J. Gao, G. R. Song, B. Wu and C. F. He College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, we present a new numerical approach for steel plates. By combining the state matrix with Legen- computing the phase velocity dispersion curves of the dre polynomial method, the theoretical framework of the guided waves, from silicon wafers and layered aluminum- state-vector formalism and Legendre polynomial method 52 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook is constituted. Comparing with the conventional Legen- vector formalism and Legendre polynomial method, two dre polynomial method, when solving the high frequency- numerical case studies will be presented: (1) the study of thickness problem and the high cut-off order (M), the guided waves propagating in anisotropic material (silicon) drawbacks of modes extraction and the extremely time- in multiple crystal faces; (2) the study of guided waves consuming calculation are overcome. The characteristics propagating in the aluminum-steel plates constituted by of the higher order mode of the guided waves propagating isotropic materials. The accuracy and applicability of this in different materials are determined more precisely. In proposed approach is verified by using the commercial Dis- order to verify the validity and applicability of the state- perse software.

Mon 13:00 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 Advances in Optical Coherence Elastography – (Invited, 000323) Z. Chen University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, Ca, 92617, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We report on the development of an acoustic radiation nerable plaques. The ARF-OCE technology have a broad force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) technol- range of clinical applications, including imaging and char- ogy to image and characterize tissues biomechanical prop- acterizing cardiovascular atherosclerotic lesions, imaging erties. We have applied the ARF-OCE to image post- and evaluating ophthalmic diseases such as keratoconus mortem human coronary artery with atherosclerosis. The and age-related macular degeneration, and imaging and result demonstrates the potential of the ARF-OCE as a assessing blood coagulation. non-invasive method for imaging and characterizing vul-

Mon 13:25 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 Elastography of ocular tissues using acoustic radiation force and optical methods – (Invited, 000312) S. Aglyamov University of Houston, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N207 Engineering Bldg 1, Houston, 77204, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Mechanical properties of ocular tissues have a significant chanical properties of ocular tissues were evaluated based influence on the health and normal function of the hu- on developed mathematical model of the dynamic defor- man eye. Such conditions as presbyopia, corneal ecta- mation of the viscoelastic medium in response to short sia and keratoconus correlate with stiffness of the ocular acoustic pulse. This approach has been applied for ex- tissues. Elastography is a group of diagnostic methods vivo animal studies. ARF was applied to the crystalline capable of noninvasive evaluation of soft tissue mechan- lens, cornea, and other ocular tissues using tissue surface ical properties based on measuring tissue mechanical re- as well as laser-induced microbubbles as ultrasound reflec- sponse. Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) stimulation is tor. To measure displacement profiles in the crystalline actively used in ultrasound elastography to measure tis- lens we used high frequency ultrasound and Optical Co- sue motion, and to estimate elastic and viscous properties herence Tomography (OCT). Compared with ultrasound, of biological tissues. We have developed approaches to OCT provides advantage in both spatial resolution and measure viscoelastic properties of the ocular tissues using signal-to-noise ratio. We have demonstrated the influence combination of ARF, high frequency ultrasound, optical of such factors as age and intraocular pressure on the me- breakdown, and optical coherence tomography. The criti- chanical properties of the crystalline lens, cornea, sclera, cal step in estimating the mechanical properties of tissues and vitreous humor. This study was supported by Na- is interpretation of the tissue mechanical response based tional Institute of Health grant EY022362. on the appropriate mechanical models. In our studies, me-

Mon 13:50 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 New Multi-Physics Strategies to Induce Shear Waves in Soft Tissues for Mechanical Assessment of Tissue Properties – (Invited, 000098) G. Cloutiera, P. Grasland-Mongraina, F. Lesageb and S. Cathelinec aUniversity of Montreal Hospital Research Center, 900 St-Denis, suite R11.464, Montreal, Canada H2X 0A9; bEcole´ Polytechnique of Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Canada H3C 3A7; cInserm u1032, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69003 Lyon, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 53

Numerous inversion methods were developed to determine were measured with an ultrafast ultrasound scanner. In the viscoelasticity of biological tissues from shear wave the second approach, shear waves were produced in PVA- propagation properties. Different strategies were also pro- C phantoms using a laser beam operated in thermoelastic posed to induce shear waves using external sources or in and ablation regimes. Physical modeling of the underlying situ radiation pressures. In magnetic resonance elastog- phenomena supported the interpretation of experimental raphy, an external vibrator positioned over the patient results. The thermoelastic regime caused a local dilatation body is usually used, whereas in ultrasound elastography, of the medium and the production of shear waves associ- a radiation pressure produced by the focussed acoustic ated with the temperature increase, whereas the ablative field is most often privileged. Two new strategies were regime caused a partial vaporization of the medium and recently developed to generate shear waves in soft ma- enhanced amplitude of shear waves. An ultrafast ultra- terials. The first approach consists in producing shear sound scanner was also used to track shear wave propa- waves remotely by combining an electrical current source gation for these experiments. In conclusion, these results and a magnetic field. For the proof-of-concept demon- provide the physical basis and feasibility of two new shear stration, a transcranial magnetic stimulation device was wave elastography techniques. The first approach is in- used to produce the electrical current. A physical model tended to remotely produce shear waves locally within the based on Maxwell and Navier equations was also devel- brain for magnetic resonance elastography, whereas the oped. Experiments were performed on polyvinyl alcohol second approach may found application in interventional cryogel (PVA-C) phantoms and propagating shear waves medicine.

Mon 14:15 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 Shear Wave Propagation Imaging by Color Doppler Shear Wave Elastography – (Contributed, 000058) Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamazaki and K. Taniuchi Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, 376-8515 Kiryu, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We have proposed a novel shear wave elastography: Color ous shear wave elastography, is eliminated by directional Doppler Shear Wave Imaging (CD-SWI) [Y.Yamakoshi, filter and wiener filter on the wave-number space. This et al. IEEE tans. on UFFC. 2017]. Continuous shear cost-effective real-time shear wave elastography is imple- wave of a frequency that is n/4 (n being an odd num- mented on ACUSON S3000 (Siemens). The shear wave ber) times the pulse repetition frequency of ultrasound frequency is 235.3Hz. Breast phantom experiment shows color flow imaging (CFI) system is introduced into target that shear wave velocity measured by CD-SWI is in agree- tissue by a small mechanical vibrator which is attached ment with the measurement by ARFI. In breast cancer on tissue surface. The wavefront of shear wave, which imaging in vivo, inherent shear wave propagation which propagates inside the target tissue, is observed directly comes from refraction and diffraction of the shear wave is as a binary fringe pattern which consists of zero and the clearly observed around malignant lesion, which is not ob- maximum flow velocities on CFI. Neither high frame rate served in normal breast tissue. This result shows that the ultrasound imaging system nor any signal processing are shear wave propagation imaging by CD-SWI elastography needed in order to observe the shear wave wavefront. In is useful in order to find out a malignant lesion as well as PC, reflected shear wave component, which degrades the the measurement of shear wave velocity. accuracy of shear wave velocity measurement in continu-

Mon 14:30 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1 The Role of Shear Waves in the Generation of the Radiation Force on an Elastic Sphere in a Liquid by a Quasi-Gaussian Acoustic Beam – (Contributed, 000119) O. A. Sapozhnikova,b, A. V. Nikolaevaa and M. R. Baileyb aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Uni- versity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasound beams are capable of exerting a force on the (Harper et al., J. Urology 2016). While successful, the obstacles encountered in the path of their propagation. trial revealed a need for optimization of the ultrasound This effect is called radiation force. Previously, our team beam structure, frequency, and intensity to make it more developed a technology to reposition kidney stones us- effective. It is convenient to study the influence of different ing this approach. In a clinical trial, the technology was parameters using a theoretical model based on a spherical used to transcutaneously facilitate passage of small stones shape stone and a quasi-Gaussian acoustic beam. In such and to relieve pain by dislodging larger obstructing stones approach only two geometrical parameters are involved, 54 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook namely the beam width and the sphere diameter. The the beam is slightly wider than the stone. Also, the force radiation force depends on their ratio, as well as on the created by a narrow beam appeared to be the strongest elastic properties of the liquid and the stone. In this work when the beam is targeted to the side of the sphere. These numerical modeling was performed to calculate the force peculiarities of the radiation force are explained by more acting on an elastic sphere using previously developed the- effective generation of shear waves inside the stone result- ory for the radiation force (Sapozhnikov and Bailey, J. ing from their effective coupling with the acoustic waves Acoust. Soc. Am. 2013) and the exact solution of the in liquid at the stone edges. This work was supported Helmholtz equation in the form of a quasi-Gaussian beam by RBBR 17-02-00261, NIH P01 DK43881, and NSBRI (Sapozhnikov, Acoust. Phys. 2012). The numerical mod- through NASA NCC 9-58. eling indicated that the force on a stone is strongest when

Mon 13:00 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering High-Power Piezoelectric Characteristics of Bi-based Lead- free Piezoelectric Ceramics – (Contributed, 000005) H. Nagata Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, 278-8510 Noda, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recently, many high-power piezoelectric ceramic devices, against vibration velocity, So, in this study, high-power such as ultrasonic motors and piezoelectric transducers, piezoelectric characteristics under continuous driving were have been developed so far. Hard Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ce- studied on some bis-muth layer-structured ferroelectric ramics with a high piezoelectric strain constant dij and ceramics, i.e., Sr0.25Bi2.75Ti0.75Ta1.25O9 (SBTT, m=2), a high mechanical quality factor Qm are often used in Bi4Ti2.98V0.02O12 (BITV, m=3), Bi4Ti3O12- SrBi4Ti4O15 high-power piezoelectric applications. Normally, hard + MnCO3 0.2 wt% (BIT-SBTi, m=3, 4), and (Sr0.7Ca0.3) PZT-based ceramics are driven at a vibration velocity 2Bi4Ti5O18 + MnCO3 0.2 wt% (SCBT, m=5). The vibra- of 1 m/s owing to a resonance frequency change, heat tion velocities, v0−p, of SBTT, BIT-SBTi, and SCBT ce- generation and Qm reduction. Additionally, PZT ceramics were above 2.0 m/s at 5 V/mm. Also, we observed ramics contain a large amount of PbO. Therefore, lead- that the resonance frequency changes and temperatures free piezoelectric materials for replacing PZT have re- on the sample surfaces for SBTT, BIT- SBTi, and SCBT ◦ cently been demanded from the viewpoint of environ- ceramics were less than 1.0% and 50 Catav0−p of 2.0 mental protection. The family of bismuth layer struc- m/s, respectively. The high-power characteristics of the tured ferroelectrics (BLSFs) has been attracting atten- ceramics were superior to those of BITV and hard PZT tion as a lead- free piezoelectric material for resonators at a vibration velocity v0-p > 0.6 m/s. Therefore, SBTT, and ﬁlters because they have large Qm values. Thus, BIT-SBTi and SCBT ceramics are promising candidates they seem to be good candidates for high- power ceramic for lead-free high-power applications requiring high vibra- devices realizing a large-amplitude and a linear stability tion velocity and frequency stability.

Mon 13:15 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Atomization Threshold in a Layer of Distilled Water under Vertical Vibrations – (Contributed, 000104) L. Gaete-Garretóna, Y. Vargas-Hernándeza, J. Meneses-D´ıazb and B. B. Lagos-Farfána aUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; bUNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE, Av Ecuador 3493, estacion central, santiago, 9170124 Santiago, Chile Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic atomization is a process receiving high atten- an empirical expression to predict the atomization ampli- tion, from the first report about the phenomenon in the tude for distilled water in a layer, in a frequency range thirties, Wood and Loomis [1] until nowadays. Ultrasonic from 5 to 50 kHz (the more interesting frequencies for in- atomization has been treated by. Sorokin [2], Eisenmenger dustrial applications), the expression works well but in the [3], and Pholman et al [4], these are outstanding works in low frequency range, predictions lose accuracy. In this pa- both theoretical and experimental aspects obtaining from per the first results for critical atomization amplitude in non-linear acoustic equations expression for the critical at- distilled water layers at low acoustics frequencies will be omization amplitude. During the development of massive presented. We work in the frequency range from hundreds; ultrasonic atomizers for fluids, we tests the theoretical pre- to thousands of Hz. Experiments at a frequency range at dictions for critical amplitude appearing in the mentioned the transition from gravity to capillary waves will be done. papers, unfortunately, the expression do not fit with the Also special experiments will be conduct to establish the data well. In a research to be appearing soon, we obtain influence (if any) of surface energy of substrate in verti- Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 55 cal oscillation producing layer water atomization, we hope V 3 pp281-291 (1957). [3] W. Eisenmenger ,.ACUSTICA that this study can contribute to a better understanding Vol 9 pp 327-340 (1959). [4] R. Pohlman, K. Stamm ISBN of fascinating phenomena of atomization.. 978-3-663-07399-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-07399- [1] R. W. Wood and A. L. Loomis Phil. Mag. S.7 Vol 4. 4 Ver!a gs-Nr. 011480 (1965). N◦ 22 pp 417-436 [2] V.1. Sorokin Soviet Physics, Acoustic

Mon 13:30 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Experimental Study of Aging Oil Viscosity Reduction Caused by Ultrasound – (Contributed, 000155) J. Qiao, W. Song, W. Wang, X. Yuan and L. Li Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Properties of crude oil are affected by its own components density and treatment duration obviously. Typically, the and the external environment. During the transportation viscosity of aging oil at 20◦C decreases from 13657 mPa·s of crude oil, aging oil is easy to be formed, which per- to 3039 mPa·s when the treatment duration is 2 min and forms ultra-high viscosity and poor liquidity. This makes the ultrasonic power density is 42.81 W/cm2. Comparing it difficult to be transported effectively. In addtion, the with the aging oil treated by horn ultrasonic transducer, viscosity of aging oil is difficult to be reduced by chemical the aging oil treated by radial ultrasonic transducer shows agent and tranditonal methods. In this study, the aging oil lower viscosity. This is because the sound field induced by from Daqing Oilfield is treated by ultrasound and the cor- radial ultrasonic transducer is more uniform than that in- responding viscosity reduction is evaluated by measuring duced by horn ultrasonic transducer. In addition, the vis- the viscosity curve. The effects of treatment duration, ul- cosity reduction effect of aging oil caused by ultrasound trasonic power density and types of ultrasonic transducer can be kept for a long period (e.g., a few days), but it are investigated. The results show that the viscosity of disappears after the aging oil is reheated. aging oil decreases with increasing the ultrasonic power

Mon 13:45 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Experimental study of ultrasound-assisted cyanide leaching of gold – (Contributed, 000157) X. Yu, S. Yu, X. Yuan, W. Wang and W. Song Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Cyanide leaching is a widely used method of gold extraction, the grain size of cyanide tailings is reduced by 22% tion. However, low leaching rate and strict reaction tem- and surface topography of cyanide tailings becomes much perature requirement always exist during the gold cyanide smoother. This indicates that ultrasound can effectively leaching. In this study, ultrasound is applied during the improve the gold leaching rate, because it can break the process of gold cyanide leaching and the effect of ultra- passive film of mineral particles and accelerate the mass sound on gold leaching rate is investigated experimentally. transfer during the leaching reaction. Grain size and surface topography of cyanide tailings are analyzed using ZetaPlus and SEM, respectively. In ad- The experimental results show that the gold content of dition, the effect of ultrasound on gold leaching at low cyanide tailings is as high as 4.76 g/t when the leach- temperature of 10∼15◦C is also studied. ing temperature is 10∼15◦C. For the case of ultrasound- The experiments were implemented under the leaching assisted leaching at the same low temperature, the gold duration of 8 hours and cyanide concentration of 1600 content of cyanide tailings is 1.19 g/t, which is compara- mg/L. Comparing with conditional cyanide leaching, the ble to the leaching rate at reaction temperature of 30◦C. gold content of cyanide tailings is reduced by 12.6% for This indicates that the temperature requirement of gold the case of 4-hour ultrasound-assisted leaching. In addi- leaching becomes flexible with ultrasound assisted.

Mon 14:00 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Ultrasonic metal welding changing the shape of vibration locus by ultrasonic complex vibration source – (Contributed, 000267) Y. Tamada, T. Asami and H. Miura Nihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 56 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Ultrasonic welding is a welding method that use no heat, conducted the welding experiments of aluminum plate and and it is easy to weld dissimilar metals with different copper plate changing the shape of the vibration locus us- melting points, which is difficult with ordinary melting ing the ultrasonic complex vibration source using the lon- welding, and has the advantage that the mechanical and gitudinal and torsional vibration transducers.The chang- electrical characteristics of welded parts are excellent.In ing shape of the vibration locus was made by changing addition, ultrasonic welding is the welding method with the magnitude of the input signal to each transducer of less damage and deformation to be welded, compared the ultrasonic complex vibration source.In this case, it with laser welding and electron beam welding used as was changed to seven different shapes with different ra- a welding method for dissimilar metals.For these rea- tios of vibration amplitude by controlling each vibration sons, ultrasonic welding is applied to welding of electrode displacement amplitude.As the results of the welding ex- parts of batteries, welding of wire harnesses and metal periments, the weld strength increased as the ratio of the terminals, and etc.Ultrasonic welding using the conven- longitudinal vibration amplitude and the torsional vibrational one-dimensional linear vibration locus has limitation amplitude increased.In addition, it was found that the tion of welding characteristics and directionality of weld- weld strength when the ratio of the longitudinal vibration ing.Therefore, the authors have proposed ultrasonic weld- amplitude was increased was larger than when the ratio ing using the two-dimensional planar vibration locus com- of the torsional vibration amplitude was increased. posed of longitudinal-torsional vibration.In this paper, we

Mon 14:15 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Development of ultrasonic complex vibration source using square prism rod with diagonal slits – (Contributed, 000227) T. Asami and H. Miura Nihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We study ultrasonic vibration assisted manufacturing characteristics of ultrasonic vibration source coupled with technology using ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional vibra- square prism rod with diagonal slits and clarify whether tion. As an example, the generation of the ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional vibration can be obtained by this longitudinal-torsional vibration for manufacturing tech- vibration source. Speciﬁcally, we use a vibration source nology uses the vibration source with diagonal slits. The composed of a 40 kHz bolt-clamped Langevin-type trans- diagonal slits are a vibration converter which can obtain ducer, a uniform rod with ﬂange, and a square prism rod longitudinal-torsional vibration by using the longitudinal with diagonal slits on two facing surfaces. The square vibration source with it. The diagonal slits are generally prism rod has a side length of 20.5 mm and a length of used on the circumference with respect to a cylindrical vi- 60 mm. The diagonal slit was used at the center position bration source. However, the ultrasonic vibration source of the square prism rod. One diagonal slit was 8 mm in used for the ultrasonic vibration assisted manufacturing length, 7 mm in depth, 3 mm in width and 45◦ in angle. technology has various shapes other than the cylindrical As the results, we found that the vibration source has a shape. Therefore, we investigated a vibration source using resonance frequency of 38.6 kHz, and when the vibration the diagonal slit on two facing surfaces. The diagonal slit source is driven at the resonance frequency, the torsional on two facing surfaces can be used for vibration sources of vibration obtained at about 75% with respect to the lon- various shapes. In this study, we investigate the vibration gitudinal vibration.

Mon 14:30 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering Closed Loop Control of Cavitation - A Sonomechatronic Approach – (Contributed, 000195) J. Twiefel and K.-A. Saalbach Leibniz Universit¨at Hannover, Appelstr. 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The combination of mechanics, in this case acoustics, Cavitation is enabling most sonochemical processes. and chemistry is well known as sonochemistry. Introduc- Those include, besides the starting and enhancing of chem- ing mechatronic concepts and methods promises signiﬁ- ical reactions, the mixing of liquids, emulsiﬁcation and cant advantages. This approach, called sonomechatron- cleaning. Regardless of the process, it is necessary to ics, combines sonochemistry with electronics and infor- know whether cavitation is generated. Hence, the ultra- mation techniques that allows controlling and observing sonic generation of cavitation itself is used in this contri- sonochemical processes. bution to discuss the concept and test the feasibility of the sonomechatronic approach. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 57

One major challenge for the cavitation control is a reli- The analysis show that the amplitude of a speciﬁc ultra- able sensing of the level of cavitation. To detect the state harmonic frequency portion correlates with the cavita- of ultrasonic cavitation, diﬀerent acoustic indicators are tion activity. Implementing this knowledge into a control- known. Those require additional measuring devices such system allows a real-time detection of the cavitation level as hydrophones. as well as closing the control-loop. Instead of using an additional transducer for sensing, we For demonstration a cascaded control loop is implemented propose the utilization of the power transducer not only and evaluated. The power-transducer is operated at res- for generation the acoustic power, but also for monitor- onance using a phase and amplitude controller. A sec- ing of the process. This so called self-sensing technology ond controller using the cavitation level as control value is using changes in the electrical measures, voltage and determines the set value of the amplitude control. The current, at the ports of the power-transducer. presented results show the controllability of the cavitation The recorded data is evaluated in comparison with vi- level and demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the sual cavitation detection identifying reliable measures. sonomechatronic approach.

Tue 10:00 306 Plenary Lecture 2 Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures – (000331) P. Sheng Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Even in the 21st century, noise still constitutes a major en- which can attain near-equality for the causality constraint vironmental problem, with the low frequency noise being to be ëoptimal.’ Anchored by the causality relation, a especially pernicious. One reason for this state of affairs is design strategy can be formulated for realizing structures that the conventional sound absorbing materials have fixed with target-set absorption spectra and a sample thickness absorption spectra which can only be adjusted by increas- close to the minimum value as dictated by the causality ing or decreasing the thickness. It would be most desir- constraint. By using this approach, we have realized a able if a sound absorber can be designed to fit the noise 10.86 cm-thick structure that exhibits a broadband, near- spectrum, with a minimum allowed thickness. Such sound perfect flat absorption spectrum starting at around 400 absorbing structures can now be realized through a design Hz, while the minimum sample thickness from the causal- recipe that incorporates the causality constraint on the ity constraint is 10.36 cm. To illustrate the versatility acoustic response (Materials Horizons 4, 673-680 (2017)). of the approach, two additional optimal structures with The strategy involves the recognition that the causal na- different target absorption spectra are presented. This ture of the acoustic response dictates an inequality that re- ëabsorption by design’ strategy would enable the tailor- lates the two most important aspects of sound absorption: ing of customized solutions to difficult room acoustic and the absorption spectrum and the sample thickness. We noise remediation problems. use the causality constraint to delineate what is ultimately Work done in collaboration with Min Yang, Shuyu Chen, possible for sound absorbing structures, and denote those and Caixing Fu.

Tue 8:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Acoustic Topological States in Topological Phononic Crystals – (Invited, 000326) Y.-F. Chena, C. Hea, M.-H. Lua and X. Nib aNanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China; bNanjing University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 210093 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The concept of topology has been playing an important 2. X. Ni, C. He, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu, L. Feng, role in modern physics, and some novel effects resulted Y.-F. Chen, New Journal of Physics 17, 053016 (2015). from topological invariants, such as backscattering im- 3. M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, J. M. Taylor, mune property, offers a great application potentials as Nat. Photon. 7, 1001 (2013). well. This talk describes the underlying physics, and how to realize acoustic topological states via moving back- 4. C. He, Z. Li, X. Ni, X.-C. Sun, S.-Y. Yu, M.-H. Lu, ground, acoustic coupled resonators, and even in simple X.-P. Liu, Y.-F. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 031904 honeycomb lattice acoustic crystals as well. (2016). 1. R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, C. F. Sieck, M. R. Haberman, 5. C. He, X. Ni, H. Ge, X.-C. Sun, Y.-B. Chen, M.-H. Lu, A. Alù, Science 343, 516 (2014). X.-P. Liu, Y.-F. Chen, Nat. Physics 12, 1124 (2016). 58 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 8:25 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Tunable Manipulation of Lamb Waves in Fluid-Solid Phononic Slabs – (Contributed, 000068) Y.-F. Wanga, Y.-S. Wangb and V. Laudec aBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044 Beijing, China; bBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China; cInstitut FEMTO-ST, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besan¸con, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We study the propagation of Lamb waves in a tunable minum metastrip. In particular, it is found that the fre- phononic metastrip composed of a periodic sequence of quency range of bandgaps and passbands can be controlled hollow pillars that can be selectively filled with water. through fluid filling. Our results imply that Lamb waves Band structures and transmission properties are computed in the solid metastrip can be harnessed through chang- numerically for metastrips with different fluid fillings by ing the properties of the pillars via fluid-solid interaction. using the finite element method. Good agreement is ob- The work in this paper is relevant to practical design of served with experimental results obtained with an alu- tunable acoustic devices.

Tue 8:40 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Reprogrammable phononic metamaterial – (Contributed, 000317) O. Bilal, A. Foehr and C. Daraio California Institue of technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, 91125, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Phonons are the lattice vibrations that are responsible for continuously consume energy. Moreover, the existing so- the propagation of sound, vibrations and heat at higher lutions require direct contact between the metamaterial frequencies. Phononic crystals and acoustic metamateri- and the programming method. Obtaining element-wise als are material systems that exploit the geometry and and real-time programmability of metamaterials, in a re- elastic properties of basic building blocks (the unit cells), versible manner, would allow their applications to extend often repeating in space, to manipulate phonons and redi- to new sensors, ﬁlters, and switches. In this work, we rect energy. While there exist demonstrations of tunable present the experimental realization of a 3D printed meta- phononic metamaterials by means of piezoelectric shunt- material plate that uses nonlinear interactions between its ing, cell symmetry relaxation, static loading, granular con- unit cells and an external magnetic potential, to dynam- tacts and acoustic trapping. They either lack the local- ically tune wave propagation, controlling the frequency ity of element-wise programming, the ability to switch range of subwavelength band gaps. between desired material functionalities in real-time or

Tue 8:55 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Bifurcation of avoided crossings in the dispersion of sound and light in locally resonant media – (Contributed, 000307) A. Maznev Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The interaction of propagating waves with resonant in- cal dispersion, is equally applicable to locally resonant me- clusions results in the mode hybridization and the forma- dia in acoustics [2]. It will be shown that at some threshold tion of an avoided crossing bang gap. This phenomenon, damping value, the gap in the dispersion of the real part well known from the classical dispersion theory in optics, of frequency bifurcates resulting in a mode crossing that is attracted renewed interest in acoustics in the context of no longer avoided: the dispersion of the propagating mode sound propagation in artiﬁcial media referred to as locally now crosses that of the local resonance. This behavior is resonant metamaterials. It has been previously observed, expected to be generic for locally resonant metamateri- by way of numerical calculations, that locally resonant als with damping. Relevant experimental evidence will be bandgaps may disappear in the presence of damping [1]. discussed. In this report, we will investigate analytically the behavior of the avoided crossing in a locally resonant medium with [1] E. A. Garova, A. A. Maradudin, and A. P. Mayer, damping based on the Lorentz oscillator model. We will Phys. Rev. B 59, 13291 (1999). [2] A. A. Maznev and V. see that this model, originally developed to describe opti- E. Gusev, Phys. Rev. B 92, 115422 (2015). Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 59

Tue 9:10 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2 Scattering Properties and Fano Resonances in a Pillared Metasurface – (Contributed, 000179) Y. Penneca, Y. Jinb and B. Djafari-Rouhania aInstitut d’eélectronique, de microeélectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universiteéde Lille-1, Citeéscientifique, 59652 Villeneuve- D’Ascq, France; bI2M, Universitéde Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Phononic crystals made of pillars on a membrane know ing and compressional modes are superposed, the ampli- a growing interest due to their possibility of exhibiting tude of the emitted wave exceeds that of the incident wave both Bragg and hybridization gaps and a variety of local which opens the possibility for a new out-of-phase trans- resonances. In this work, we design an acoustic metasur- mission. For one line of dissimilar pillars, Fano resonances face consisting of a single or a line of pillars on a thin are found originating from the avoided crossing of strongly membrane by FEM simulations. We study the interaction coupled individual monopolar modes of two dissimilar pil- between an incident Lamb wave and the bending (dipo- lars in one unit cell. The Fano resonance manifests itself as lar) or compressional (momnopolar) modes of the pillars an out-of-phase compressional vibration of the two pillars and discuss the scattering properties in terms of ampli- coupled through the membrane. These Fano resonances tude and phase of emitted waves around the resonance can be tuned by varying diﬀerent geometrical parameters frequencies. We show the emission of a 180◦ out-of-phase (height/diameter of the pillars, distance between two pil- wave with respect to the incident Lamb wave, resulting lars), or introducing inner holes into the pillars which can in dips in the transmission spectrum. When the bend- possibly be ﬁlled with a liquid.

Tue8:00 307A ApplicationsofNonlinearAcousticstoMeasurements and Imaging Nonlinear ultrasonic phased array for closed crack imaging – (Invited, 000081) Y. Ohara Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The measurement of crack depth is essential for ensuring sualizing the open and closed parts of cracks, respectively. the safety and reliability of aged structures. Crack depth We have demonstrated its performance in closed fatigue can be measured by ultrasound if cracks are open, since ul- cracks and stress corrosion cracks. Furthermore, as a rel- trasound is strongly scattered by the crack tip. However, atively low-cost imaging method, we have also proposed a if cracks are closed because of compression residual stress crack opening method, global preheating and local cooling and/or the oxide debris generated between the crack faces, (GPLC) that can eﬀectively apply tensile thermal stress to ultrasonic inspection causes the underestimation or nonde- closed cracks just by using cooling sprays. By temporarily tection of cracks since ultrasound penetrates through the opening closed cracks using GPLC, closed cracks can be closed cracks. To solve this problem, we have developed a imaged by commercially available phased array. GPLC closed-crack imaging method, the subharmonic phased ar- was demonstrated in closed-crack specimens. The con- ray for crack evaluation (SPACE), on the basis of the sub- tents of my talk will be mainly composed of the imaging harmonic generation by short-burst waves and the phased results of closed cracks to show the usefulness of two kinds array algorithm with frequency ﬁltering. SPACE provides of nonlinear ultrasonic phased array, SPACE and GPLC, fundamental array (FA) images at the frequency f and in terms of accurately measuring closed-crack depths. subharmonic array (SA) images at the frequency f /2, vi-

Tue8:25 307A ApplicationsofNonlinearAcousticstoMeasurements and Imaging Application of Parametric Ultrasound to Low-frequency Acoustic Imaging – (Invited, 000116) H. Nomura The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, 182-8585 Chofu-Shi, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

As the applications of parametric ultrasound with nar- frequency. For example, this phenomenon is used for a row directivity, the application of parametric ultrasound parametric loudspeaker in the air. However, since the am- to low-frequency ultrasound imaging is considered in the plitude of parametric ultrasound is much lower than that present study. A parametric acoustic array is one of the of primary ultrasounds, for example, 50–60 dB lower in interesting applications of nonlinear acoustic phenomena water, echo amplitude is not enough for an application and is known as a narrow directive sound source at low to ultrasound imaging. To resolve this problem, a pulse 60 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook compression technique has been applied to parametric ul- tained low-frequency images indicate about 3-mm range trasound in ultrasound measurement and imaging. For resolution which agreed well with the theoretical value and the pulse compression, a chirp-modulated parametric ul- about 3-cm lateral resolution. In addition, the paramet- trasound with frequencies of 100 to 500 kHz was generated ric ultrasound imaged targets behind overlapping targets from modulated primary ultrasounds at the carrier fre- each other. From these results, the low-frequency ultra- quency of 2.8 MHz, and cross-correlation between the echo sound imaging using parametric ultrasound is expected as and a reference signal was calculated. To verify the pro- a new method with attractive features, even though the posed method, imaging for brass rods with 2 mm in diam- spatial resolution is reduced. eter arranged in a V-shape was attempted in water. Ob-

Tue8:50 307A ApplicationsofNonlinearAcousticstoMeasurements and Imaging Harmonic Imaging of Multiple Defects in Solid Material by Aerial Ultrasonic Beam – (Contributed, 000279) Y. Mukaiyama, A. Osumi and Y. Ito Nihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years, non-contact and non-destructive inspec- requires a long time to measure a defective object. To tion is performed using aerial ultrasonic wave and optical solve this problem, we adopted a method of irradiating instruments. We have detected a non-contact and non- high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave to the surface of the destructive method of using a very high-intensity aerial object over a wide range using aerial ultrasonic wave fo- focused ultrasonic wave (frequency:20 kHz). Speciﬁcally, cused in a beam shape. In this paper, we investigated the surface of the object is vibrated by irradiating high- to detect simultaneously multiple defects in object using intensity aerial focused ultrasonic wave, and the vibration this method. In addition, we also investigated to image velocity generated on the surface of the object is measured defect with high accuracy using harmonic component of with a laser Doppler vibrometer. However, this method high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave.

Tue9:05 307A ApplicationsofNonlinearAcousticstoMeasurements and Imaging Non-contact Harmonic Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Surface Properties of Mortar Having Fire Damage – (Contributed, 000280) T. Saito, A. Osumi and Y. Ito Nihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We have developed to diagnosis a fire damage mortar in cracks on mortar surface depending on fire damage. If this non-contact way by using high-intensity aerial ultrasonic can be measured at the same time, more detailed diagno- waves and optical equipment. This is a method for diag- sis becomes possible. In this report, we attempt to image nosing a fire damage by using the vibration characteristics the changes of elastic modulus and surface with cracks of an object to estimate the change of elastic modulus of of fire damage mortar using harmonic characteristics of mortar exposed to high temperatures during a fire. By high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave at same time. the way, there are complicated property changes such as

Tue9:20 307A ApplicationsofNonlinearAcousticstoMeasurements and Imaging A Novel Sensitivity Matrix Construction Method FOR Ultrasonic Tomography – (Contributed, 000318) N. Lia, K. Xub and J. Jiaob aNorthwestern Polytechnical University, 127, Youyi Xi Road, Beilin District, Xi’ann,Shaanx, 710072 Xi’An, China; bBeijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, 100124 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic tomography (UT) is a nondestructive tech- performance of a linear back projection (LBP) algorithm. nique that is widely applied in industrial process imaging. The so-called Sector-diffusion-matrix based Linear Back In this paper, a novel sector diffusion method for construc- projection (SLBP) was applied to reconstruct gas/liquid tion of a sensitivity matrix is proposed to improve the two-phase flows. A series of models have been established Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 61 to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The images re- quality of reconstructed images, especially for a UT sys- constructed by traditional LBP and SLBP are presented tem with a small number of transducers. The evaluation and compared. Two quantitative evaluation criteria in- criterion Icr is improved by 26%, 20%, 9%, 4% and 22% cluding Position Error (PE) and Image Correlation Coef- for five different flow patterns with an 8-transducer UT ficient (Icr) were defined and used to evaluate the quality system. The effectiveness of the SLBP method increases of the reconstructed images. The imaging results indicate with decreasing numbers of ultrasonic transducers. that the SLBP method is valid and feasible to improve the

Tue 8:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 2 Acoustic cavitation from nanocups – (Invited, 000193) J. Kwana, G. Lajoinieb, N. De Jongc, E. Strided, M. Versluisb,e,f and C. C. Coussiosg aSchool of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; bInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; cBiomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands; dInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, university of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; eMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; f MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; gInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic cavitation is the nucleation and subsequent dy- experimentally the ultrafast dynamics of acoustically trig- namics of a bubble as a result of the stress induced gered nanocups that consist of 150 to 800 nm hydropho- by an acoustic pressure wave. Cavitation precursors bic polymer particles that feature a tunable hemispherical are widely investigated for their potential as therapeutic depression. Ultra high speed imaging establishes that the agents. These nanometer-sized particles can extravasate gas pocket trapped in this cavity facilitates bubble growth into the interstitium, thereby reaching target cells beyond and reduces the cavitation threshold by up to a factor ten the endothelial layer of the vasculature. There, they can as compared to the pure solution.The resulting bubble is be activated with ultrasound to induce localized cavita- shown to expand orders of magnitude beyond the size of tion, microstreaming as well as other potentially benefi- the initial nucleus within a typical timescale of a microsec- cial bioeffects. An in-depth investigation of the cavita- ond followed by inertially-driven collapse. The influence of tion dynamics of nanosized precursors is essential to ex- nanoparticle size, acoustic pressure amplitude, and ultra- plain the subsequent biomechanical effects of such agents. sound frequency on the bubble dynamics is compared to Direct observation, however is challenging, owing to the model predictions. Understanding these dynamics has im- microscopic length scales and nanosecond time scales of portant implications for applications that rely on acoustic the processes involved. Here, we study theoretically and cavitation.

Tue 8:25 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 2 Non-spherical bubble oscillations drive the ultrasound-mediated release from targeted microbubbles – (Invited, 000184) M. Versluisa,b,c aInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; bMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; cMIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Microbubbles driven by ultrasound are attractive for a va- that extend from milliseconds all the way down to nanosec- riety of applications in medicine, including real-time or- onds. Here, we present a physical description of the un- gan perfusion imaging and targeted molecular imaging of derlying mechanisms that lead to the controlled release. plaques and tumors. In ultrasound-mediated drug and First, we show theoretically how non-spherical bubble os- gene delivery bubbles decorated with a payload of func- cillations, induced by the presence of a neighboring sub- tional nanoparticles can be used as a transport vehicle and strate, lead to the formation of a dent on the bubble sur- offer a highly localized release upon ultrasound activation. face where the local oversaturation induces payload re- The pathways to efficiently release these nanomedicines lease. Subsequently, transport is ensured by microstream- and optimization of their subsequent transport to the tar- ing that is generated by the very same non-spherical mi- get site remains unclear owing to both the microscopic crobubble oscillations. The bubble dynamics model is val- length scale of the problem and the range of time scales idated experimentally through ultra high-speed imaging in 62 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook an unconventional side-view at tens of nanoseconds time model. This new physical insight allows for the optimiza- scale combined with high-speed fluorescence imaging to tion of the therapeutic use of targeted microbubbles for track the release and the transport of a fluorescent pay- precision medicine and as such helps reduce the potential load. The transport distance and the intrinsic bubble res- deleterious effects of systemic injection. onance behavior are quantified and agree well with the

Tue 8:50 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 2 Multibubble Sonoluminescence and Bubble Dynamics in Glycerol-water Mixtures – (Contributed, 000200)

P.-K. Choi and M. Ban Dept. of Physics, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Kanagawa, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) from viscous liq- result at 50 kHz. At 150 kHz viscous damping prohibited uid has not been suﬃciently studied. We investigated the bubble compression, resulting in the temperature decrease concentration dependence of SL intensity and SL pulse at bubble collapse. The SL pulse width showed broadening width in glycerol-water mixtures, together with a high- with increasing the glycerol concentration. The broaden- speed observation of bubble dynamics. The SL intensity ing may be associated with a viscous slowing of the bub- increased and maximized at 80% glycerol at ultrasonic fre- ble wall in the very last stage of the initial collapse. The quency of 50 kHz. Conversely, the SL intensity decreased multiple-peak pulse observed from NaCl solution of 80% with increasing glycerol concentration at 150 kHz. High- glycerol at 28 kHz was attributed to the superposition of speed shadowgraphy of cavitation bubbles demonstrated SL pulse from characteristic bubble clusters radiating Na that spherical oscillation due to viscous damping and the emission. increase in the tiny bubble number are responsible for the

Tue 9:05 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 2 Water-Molecular Emission from Acoustic Bubbles under Electric Fields – (Contributed, 000215) H.-B. Lee and P.-K. Choi Dept. of Physics, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Kanagawa, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sonoluminescence (SL) is light emission from cavitat- fields leaked from the surface of damaged ground elec- ing bubbles in a liquid exposed to intense ultrasound. trode. It suggests an effect of the electric fields leaking Spectrum of SL from water exhibits a peak originating from piezoceramics on the emitting bubbles. Spectrum from electronically excited OH-radical emission around of orange emission exhibited a small peak around 337nm 310 nm and a continuous component, which caused by and a broad component peaking at 713 and 813 nm. In- bremsstrahlung. Continuous component extends from the tensity of a broad component gradually increased towards ultraviolet to near-infrared region and the intensity de- the near-infrared region. The spectra resembled the flame creased towards the near-infrared region. We have ob- emission spectra from water molecules measured by Kita- served orange emission from Kr-saturated water in multi- gawa and Gaydon in position and intensity of emission bubble sonoluminescence study at 1 MHz. Orange emis- lines. A broad component of the spectrum was ascribed sion arose in the vicinity of the ground electrode of a to the superposition of lines due to vibration-rotation tran- piezoceramic transducer, which was partly peeled by ero- sitions of water molecules, which were broadened by the sion and exposed to sample water. We verified electric high pressure at bubble collapse.

Tue 8:00 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Photoacoustic tissue characterization toward potential in vivo biopsy – (Invited, 000079) X. Wang University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 63

Background, Motivation and Objective: Majority of cur- tification of not only contents but also histological micro- rent studies on photoacoustic (PA) imaging are focused on features of various chemical components in tissue. Com- the total signal magnitudes as the reflection of the macro- prehensive analysis of PCS, namely photoacoustic physio- scopic optical absorption by specific chemical contents at chemical analysis (PAPCA), could reveal the histopathol- single or multiple optical wavelengths. Our recent research ogy information in tissue and hold the potential to achieve has demonstrated that the frequency domain power dis- comprehensive and accurate tissue characterization. tribution of radio-frequency (RF) PA signals contains the microscopic information of the optically absorbing mate- Results/Discussion: The experiment on human prostate rials in the sample. In this research, we were seeking tissues with Gleason grades confirmed by histopathol- for the best method of systematically analyzing the PA ogy has validated the capability of photoacoustic spec- measurement from biological tissues and the feasibility of tral analysis in characterizing the Gleason patterns. An- quantifying tissue chemical and microstructural features other experiment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for potential tissue characterization. (NAFLD) mouse models has demonstrated that, by quan- Statement of Contribution/Methods: By performing PA tifying the PCS at the optical absorption peaks of major scan over a broad spectrum covering the optical fin- chromophores in liver tissue including hemoglobin, lipid gerprints of specific relevant chemical components, and and collagen, PAPCA can non-invasively characterize the then transforming the radio-frequency signals into the pathological changes correlated to steatosis and fibrosis in frequency domain, a 2D spectrogram, namely physio- liver, two of the leading medical problems in the United chemical spectrogram (PCS) can be generated. The PCS States. All the findings support our hypothesis that the presents the ”optical signature” and the ”ultrasonic sig- PA measurement holds the promise to provide histopathol- nature” of tissue simultaneously in one 2D spectrogram, ogy information comparable to gold standard biopsy and thus contains rich diagnostic information allowing quan- pathology.

Tue 8:25 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Fast Time Reversal Ultrasound Encoded Optical Focusing for Deep Brain Optogenetic Activation – (Invited, 000089) C. Yang California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, MC 136-93, Pasadena, Ca, 91125, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We appear opaque because our tissues scatter light very power in ex vivo tissues. Our ability to meaningfully fo- strongly. Traditionally, focusing of light in biological tis- cus light in such turbidity is enabled by the successful use sues is confounded by the extreme scattering nature of of the time-reversal symmetry of optical scattering. As tissues. Interestingly, optical scattering is time-symmetric a focusing method, we expect that the use of the digital and we can exploit optical phase conjugation methods TRUE focusing technique would enable the extension of to null out scattering effects. We have demonstrated a optogenetic techniques to the deep brain for non-invasive, time-reversed ultrasound-encoded (TRUE) optical focus- spatially specific, excitation/inhibition. Moving forward, ing strategy based on the use of digital optical phase con- the method can also potentially allow deep tissue optical jugation to flexibly and controllably deliver high optical imaging at unprecedented depth.

Tue 8:50 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Transcranial transmission of shock waves by a Laser-generated Carbon Nano Tube transducer – (Contributed, 000209) M. Leea, D.-G. Paenga, K. Hab and M. J. Choic aJeju National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; bPukyong National University, Department of Physics, Pukyong National Univ., 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea; cJeju National University, Medical College, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Laser-generated focused ultrasound (FUS) produces a sin- wavelength of 532nm, energy of 175mJ, and pulse repe- gle shock pulse with large amplitude for a few micro- tition frequency of 2Hz was used to generate the shock seconds. The purpose of this study is to explore the pulse, and a needle hydrophone (TNU001A, Onda, Sun- feasibility of transcranial transmission of the shock pulse nyvale, CA, USA) was used to measure the shock pulse generated by a CNT/PDMS (Carbon Nano Tube / Poly- transmitted through the skull. We measured the trans- dimethylsiloxane) transducer. An Nd:YAG pulse laser sys- mitted acoustic signals through skull cadavers in terms of tem (Tribeam, Jeisys, Medical Inc, Seoul, Korea) with a pressure, center frequency, and attenuation coefficient at 64 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook the five different positions, central region, frontal lobe, 224±61, 399±105kHz, the corresponding peak pressures left and right temporal lobes and occipital lobe of the are 26.4±11.1, 28.6±9.8, 82.8±38.6kPa, and the corre- skull with and without the skull. The average thick- sponding attenuation coefficients are 4.72±0.6, 5.12±0.95, ness, density and sound speed of the three skull cadavers and 3.86±1.4np/cm/MHz up to 1.6MHz, respectively. (No.96, No.99, No.100) were computed from computed to- The higher frequencies were mostly attenuated through mography (CT) images, and they were 7.5±0.4, 6.7±0.3, the skull, and the center frequencies and the peak pres- 5.4±0.2mm, 2.00±0.02, 1.99±0.03, 2.08±0.03g/cm3, and sures seemed to be mostly related with the thickness of 2977±33, 2964±48, 3096±52m/s, respectively. The cen- the cadaver. This study showed the possibility of tran- ter frequency and pressure were measured to 1.25MHz scranial transmission of shock waves generated by a CNT and 400kPa, respectively, in water without the skull as transducer for non-invasive treatment of the brain tissue in a reference. Then the center frequencies, of the trans- the areas of opening of blood brain barrier, sonoporation, mitted signals of the three skull cadavers are 272±32, neuromodulation.

Tue 9:05 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Three-dimensional Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Combined Microscope for Imaging of Skin Micro Vasculature – (Contributed, 000239) Y. Saijoa, R. Nagaokaa, H. Iwazakib, T. Omurob, T. Idab, S. Yoshizawaa and S.-I. Umemuraa aTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bAdvantest Corporation, 1-5 Shintone, 349-1158 Kasu, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In the era of aging society, much attention is paid to skin microscope (PAUSM) system. The optical ﬁber with the aging and precise evaluation method of skin becomes more core diameter of 600 µm for laser delivery was inserted important. Especially, dermis (∼2.2 mm) consisting of col- through the center hole of the concave ultrasound trans- lagen, elastin, sebaceous glands and micro vessels, plays an ducer with the central frequency of 50 MHz. Both US and important role in skin aging. For imaging of dermis, opti- PA signal were acquired at the sampling rate of 250 MHz cal imaging modalities such as scanning laser microscopy and the resolution of 8 bits. Conventional ultrasound gel or optical coherence tomography don’t have enough pen- was used for the coupling medium between the transducer etration depth to observe whole layer of dermis. High fre- and the skin. The transducer was mechanically scanned quency ultrasound has realized high resolution skin imag- above the skin to obtain 3D dataset of US and PA sig- ing to observe whole layer of the dermis and to measure nals. 3D view of microvasculature with the volume of the viscoelasticity of dermis and the volume of sebaceous 4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm was successfully obtained with glands. In the present study, photoacoustic (PA) and ul- the PAUSM. PAUSM will provide important information trasound (US) combined microscope is proposed for visu- for assessment of skin aging. This study was supported alization of three-dimensional (3D) structure of micro ves- by Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Tech- sels in dermis. Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 532 nologies Program from the Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of nm, pulse width of 7 ns, pulse energy of 19 µJ/pulse and Japan. repetition rate of 500 Hz was used in the PA-US combined

Tue 9:20 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Identiﬁcation of prostate cancer in ex vivo human prostates by photoacoustic physio-chemical analysis – (Contributed, 000255) Y. Chena, Y. Qina, J. Pana, S. Huangb, C. Xub, D. Wub, T. Fengc, J. Yuand, X. Wange, G. Xuf and Q. Chengg aInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 Shanghai, China; bDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200065 Shanghai, China; cSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, 210094 Nanjing, China; dDepartment of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu , China, 210000 Nanjing, China; eUniversity of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA; f Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Med- ical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA; gInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed of the aggressive PCa is critical for the survival of PCa cancer and the second cause of cancer deaths in American patients. Biopsy is the standard procedure for evaluating men. PCa has a relatively low progression rate, yet it can- the presence and aggressiveness of PCa. The microarchi- not be cured once metastasized. The accurate diagnosis tecture of the biopsied tissues is graded as a quantification Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 65 of the PCa aggressiveness. Due to the inaccurate imag- ex vivo human prostates. Measurements were acquired at ing guidance, less than 10% of the samples are clinically 24 cancerous and 21 benign locations. Statistically signif- significant. Purposed at alleviating the complications of icant difference was found between the aggressive cancer- needle biopsy, this study investigates the feasibility of as- ous and benign regions in the prostates. We also found sessing the aggressiveness of PCa using interstitial photoa- that the difference in the ultrasonic frequency domain is coustic (PA) measurements without tissue removal. We associated with microarchitecture of tissue and could be designed a prototype needle PA probe for measurements used for differentiate normal, precancerous or cancerous in ex vivo human prostates and transformed the multi- tissue. The results show that the stripe features in the spectral PA measurement data to the 2D spectrograms in spectrograms are associated with each relevant component the frequency domain. The analysis of the stripe features in biological tissue and PAPCA could quantify the histo- in the spectrograms, namely PA physio-chemical analysis logical features in the assessed tissue. (PAPCA), was implemented to the data acquired from 10

Tue 9:35 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound Carbon Nanotubes as Potential Candidate for Photoacoustic Imaging Contrast Agent – (Contributed, 000170) S. Siregara, R. Nagaokab and Y. Saijob aTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is biomedical imaging terial of PAI, since CNT has strong absorption in the modality to visualize the object based on produced ultra- visible-infrared regions. The infrared region is important sound by absorbed light. The principle of PAI are pulsed region, since the infrared light can penetrated more eﬃ- laser irradiate the object, then the object will absorbs the cient than in visible region. Furthermore, CNT is econom- light, the temperature of object will be increased, pres- ically cheaper than well-known PAI contrast agent gold sure in the surrounding object also increase, then ﬁnally nanoparticles. In the present work, we show theoretical ultrasound wave is produced. The reconstruct image is calculation of the heat distribution in the CNT during the based on the produced ultrasound. In the real case, the laser irradiation and experimental results by injecting the blood vessel can be observed, because the hemoglobin ab- nanoparticle of CNT to the object will enhance the pho- sorbs the green light. However, the green light does not toacoustic signal. These results extend our understanding penetrate deep into the tissue and the region of interest of PAI contrast agent and provide the foundation for fu- is not always good light absorber. As a consequence, the ture PAI technology using carbon nanotube as contrast contrast agent is needed in PAI. We propose the nanopar- agent. ticle of carbon nanotube (CNT) for contrast agent ma-

Tue 8:00 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nonlinear Phenomena in Microscale Granular Media via Laser Ultrasonics – (Invited, 000305) N. Boechler University of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this invited talk, I will discuss recent progress in our micro- to nanoscale granular crystals, wherein the parti- studies of nonlinear phenomena in granular media com- cle size is varied by over an order of magnitude; and to posed of micro- to nanoscale spherical particles. While study weakly to strongly nonlinear wave propagation in macroscale analogues of such systems have been shown to three-dimensional ordered and disordered arrays of micro- exhibit an array of unique dynamic phenomena as a re- to nanoscale particles. These studies provide new insight sult of the geometric nonlinearity of elastically deforming into micro- to nanoscale contact mechanics and dynam- particles in contact, experimental investigations of similar ics, with applications in areas such as energetic material phenomena containing smaller, micro- to nanoscale, par- dynamics, and may enable the design of new types of ma- ticles remain limited. I will describe our use of laser ul- terials with ultrasonic wave tailoring properties that can trasonic techniques to: characterize the scale-dependence be self-assembled in large quantities. of the adhesive contact nonlinearity of two-dimensional 66 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 8:25 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Polydispersed Granular Chains: From Long-lived Chaotic Anderson-like Localization to Energy Equipar- tition – (Contributed, 000303) V. Achilleosa, G. Theocharisb and C. Skokosc aLAUM, UMR-CNRS 6613,Le Mans Universit´e, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; bLAUM-CNRS, Universit´edu Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France; cUniversity of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We investigate the dynamics of highly polydispersed ﬁ- destroy this energy localization? Our numerical simula- nite granular chains. We consider the ideal case of a loss- tions show that for moderate nonlinearities, although the less chain and we study a random distribution of masses overall system behaves chaotically, it can exhibit long last- of spherical beads. From the spatio- spectral properties ing energy localization for particular single particle excita- of small vibrations, we identify which particular single- tions. On the other hand, for suﬃciently strong nonlinear- particle displacements lead to energy localization. Then, ities, connected with contact breaking, the granular chain we address a fundamental question: Do granular nonlin- reaches energy equipartition and an equilibrium chaotic earities lead to chaotic dynamics and if so, does chaos state, independent of the initial position excitation.

Tue 8:40 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Vibrational Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Micro-granular Crystal Studied via Laser-induced Tran- sient Gratings – (Contributed, 000300) A. Vega-Flicka, R. A. Duncanb, S. P. Wallenc, N. Boechlerd, C. Stellinge, M. Retsche, J.-J. Alvarado-Gila, K. A. Nelsonb and A. Maznevb aCINVESTAV Unidad-Merida, Applied Physics Department, Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Km 6, Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; bMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; cUniversity of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Box 352600, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2600, USA; dUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; eUniversity of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry-Polymer Systems, Universitaetsstr 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ordered granular materials referred as granular crystals determined in the crystallographic direction Γ-K: low- have attracted attention due to a wide display of acoustic frequency contact-based modes of the granular monolayer, effects resulting from the interaction between the parti- high-frequency modes originating from spheroidal vibra- cles via Hertzian contacts and from the periodic particle tions of the microspheres, and surface Rayleigh waves. arrangement. In the present work [1], we study the vi- We identify three low-frequency contact-based modes- bration dynamics of a two-dimensional hexagonal mono- one predominantly vertical, and two of mixed horizontal- layer of polystyrene microspheres adhered to a glass sub- rotational character-consistent with recent theoretical pre- strate coated with a thin aluminum layer. Unlike previ- dictions. In addition, we observe resonance splitting of the ous studies, the microsphere monolayer is ”single-cyrstal” spheroidal modes caused by the symmetry breaking due to and has long-range order extending over distances com- interaction with the substrate, as well as an avoided cross- parable with the measurement area. We employed the ing between the Rayleigh and spheroidal modes. Both the laser-induced transient grating technique. In this method, contact-based and spheroidal vibrations are shown to be two excitation pulses are overlapped at the sample sur- collective modes of the microgranular crystal controlled face forming an interference pattern of period L. Subse- by particle-particle contacts. These observations are com- quent absorption of the laser light (by the aluminum film) pared with the theory we develop within the small pertur- induces thermal expansion and launches counterpropa- bation approach. gating acoustic modes with wavelength L. Through mea- [1] A. Vega-Flick, R. A. Duncan, S. P. Wallen, N. Boechler, surements of the acoustic dispersion across the Brillouin C. Stelling, M. Retsch, J. J. Alvarado-Gil, K. A. Nelson, zone, three different types of vibrational modes where A. A. Maznev, Phys. Rev. B 96, 024303 (2017)

Tue 8:55 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Strongly nonlinear hysteretic propagation of torsional waves in a granular chain – (Contributed, 000252) A. Cebrecosa, P. B´equina, G. Theocharisb, V. E. Gusevc and V. Tournata aLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France; bLAUM-CNRS, Universit´edu Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France; cLe Mans Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 67

Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We study torsional waves in a 1D granular chain made tion of large amplitude signals, reaching a strongly nonlin- of self-hanged magnetic beads. Due to the torsional cou- ear regime, beyond the limits of the quadratic hysteretic pling between beads, the propagation medium is purely approximation. In this regime, total torsional sliding at nonlinear hysteretic, providing the opportunity to study the contacts manifests and strong amplitude saturation ef- the phenomena related to nonlinear dynamic hysteresis in fects are observed. These results could be of fundamental the absence of other types of material nonlinearities as well interest but may also find potential applications in non- as dispersion effects. Specifically, we consider the propaga- linear wave control devices.

Tue 9:10 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices Tuning the Vibrational Response of Microscale Granular Crystals via Manipulation of Nanoscale Con- tact Features – (Contributed, 000246) M. Abi Ghanema, A. Khanolkara, J. Eliasonb, A. Maznevb, N. Vogelc and N. Boechlerd aUniversity of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; bMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; cFriedrich-Alexander University, Institute of Particle Technology, 91048 Erlangen, Germany; dUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Arrays of elastic spheres in contact, often referred to as shape that are dependent on the self-assembly manufac- ”granular crystals”, have shown promise for acoustic wave turing process, on the longitudinal eigenvibrations of 3D tailoring. This promise has stemmed from a combination microscale granular crystals. Second, we show how to tune of dispersion resulting from discreteness of the system and a contact resonance of a 2D microscale granular crystal on the nonlinearity of the contact mechanics. Recent stud- a substrate using optical microlensing. In the latter case, ies have begun to examine the contact-based dynamics of a microscale granular crystal composed of silica particles microscale granular, or ”colloidal” crystals, wherein effects acts as an optical lens array that focuses high intensity such as adhesion play a significant role. However, manipu- laser pulses that locally ablate the area under the con- lation of the contact properties of microscale granular crys- tact, and form nanoholes beneath the spheres. Measuring tals, has remained an unexplored territory. In this work, the out-of-plane contact resonance of the microscale gran- we present two ways of tailoring the contact properties and ular crystal, we observe an increase of the microsphere overall dynamic response of microscale granular crystals, contact resonance up to 300%. Our findings open new av- wherein the dynamic response is characterized via laser ul- enues to engineer adhesive contact properties and tailor trasonic techniques. First, we show the effect of nanoscale the response of micro- and nanostructured materials with bridges near the particle contacts, which have size and ultrasonic wave tailoring functionalities.

Tue 8:00 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators Densely packed semi-random spherical array transducer to su-ppress grating lobe levels in real-time photoacoustic imaging – (Contributed, 000018) S.-I. Umemura, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and Y. Saijo Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

For real-time photoacoustic imaging of microcirculation, ranging circular elements with the same size with an al- a 256-channel spherically curved two-dimensional array gorithm imitating crystal growth. A semi-random array transducer with a central frequency higher than 10 MHz was obtained, but it was not densely packed enough at was designed. With a conventional densely packed array this stage. Then, the area between circular elements were design, the grating lobe level increases very rapidly as the divided and made belong to the nearest circular element. reception beam steering angle increases. However, ran- This process can be regarded as a centroidal Voronoi tes- dom sparsely packed arrays, typically used to reduce grat- sellation. A densely-packed two-dimensional array conﬁg- ing lobe levels because they produce grating lobes even uration can be thereby obtained. The performance of the without beam steering. This can be a disadvantage when densely packed semi-random array transducer, obtained the beam steering angle is limited. To solve these prob- by the proposed design, was ﬁrst tested by numerical sim- lems, a novel design of a densely packed semi-random two- ulation, tuned, and compared. The proposed array with dimension array is proposed. The design starts with ar- cellular elements produced much lower grating lobe levels 68 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook than the conventional with square like elements at high demonstrates that the proposed design of a densely packed beam steering angles, as low as the proposed array with semi-random two-dimensional array transducer suits the circular elements. The proposed array also produced much purpose. A prototype array transducer using 1-3 piezo- lower grating lobe levels than the array with circular el- composite has been fabricated and its evaluation is un- ements at low beam steering angles, as low as the con- derway. The results from real-time in vivo photoacoustic ventional with square like elements. This result clearly imaging by using it will also be shown in the presentation.

Tue 8:15 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators The Eﬀect of Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure on the Performance of Ultrasonic Soft Tissue Cutting Tips – (Contributed, 000166) M. Wilkie and M. Lucas University of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Mill annealed Ti-6Al-4V is a commonly used material in suite of measurements. Mechanical properties of density, high-power ultrasonic devices, including cutting tips for yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, Young’s Modu- ultrasonic soft tissue surgical devices. The advantages lus, and Poisson’s ratio were first determined. The non- of Ti-6Al-4V include its comparably low acoustic atten- linear dynamic responses of the samples were then charac- uation, mechanical properties which enhance cutting and terised under increasing levels of ultrasonic excitation to facilitate the propagation of acoustic waves, and biocom- observe the effect of the microstructure above the thresh- patibility. It is known that the microstructure of Ti-6Al- old of linear device response. Two methods were used: 4V can influence the performance of ultrasonic surgical harmonic analysis (HA) and experimental modal analy- tips, manifesting as differences in heating at the cut site sis (EMA), and the excitation level was increased through and alteration of the efficiency. This study therefore aims a range of input voltages. Acoustic attenuation of the to show how the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V modifies samples was measured both in static state, using a time of the acoustic and mechanical properties. Five distinct mi- flight experiment, and in samples subjected to the high ex- crostructures are created through different heat treatment citation levels that typify the operational conditions of ul- programmes to investigate which can provide the best me- trasonic surgical cutting tips. In particular, acoustic veloc- chanical and ultrasonic properties for use in ultrasonic ity, non-linear dynamic response and acoustic attenuation soft tissue cutting tips. The five types of Ti-6Al-4V sam- were shown to differ significantly between the five different ple were: mill annealed; course lamellar; widmanstatten; Ti-6Al-4V microstructure samples, with the widmenstat- equiaxed plus lamellar; fully equiaxed α plus intergranu- ten showing better acoustic properties than mill annealed. lar β. Mechanical and acoustical properties of the Ti-6Al- Results show how these differences can be related to per- 4V microstructures and the dynamic response of samples formance of Ti-6Al-4V surgical tips, providing potential to ultrasonic excitation were then characterised using a to define microstructures for device enhancement.

Tue 8:30 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators Ultrasonically assisted cutting blades for large bone surgeries – (Contributed, 000185) D. Richardsa and M. Lucasb aUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, School of Engineering, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; bUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic bone cutting is known to offer advantages over of different designs, and demonstrate their effectiveness at more conventional techniques, however ultrasonic surgi- transverse cutting. cal devices for hard tissues are currently limited to small A series of seven different blades incorporating a piezoelec- bone surgical procedures. Large bone surgeries are com- tric transducer were designed using finite element analysis monly achieved using a sagittal saw that cuts bone using (FEA) and were subsequently characterised using exper- a high-speed oscillatory motion of the blade, but these imental modal analysis (EMA). All of the blades were devices cause heating at the cut site. This study inves- tuned to operate in a longitudinal mode of vibration. tigates the potential benefits of an ultrasonically assisted Three measures of performance were compared for the sagittal saw, and explores a number of designs based on blades; the mechanical quality factor (QM), the effective incorporating planar and Langevin ultrasonic transducers coupling coefficient (keff) and the electrical quality factor in sagittal saw blades, such that the saw blade motion (QE), which were determined from impedance analysis. combines a longitudinal-mode ultrasonic motion with the The dynamic response characterisations were also mea- oscillatory sagittal motion. The results compare a range sured and compared, using a harmonic analysis involving Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 69 bi-directional frequency sweeps through the tuned longi- applied load. The morphology of the cutting chips, the tudinal resonance at increasing excitation levels. depth of cut, and the cutting force were all recorded for The blades were tested in a linear loading rig, where they comparison of performance. were drawn across a fixed piece of bone substitute mate- The results of the tests show that the cutting force for an rial, mimicking a typical cut of a sagittal saw. Each blade ultrasonically excited sagittal saw blade is lower than for was tested first with no ultrasonic excitation, and then for a sagittal blade without ultrasonic excitation and the ul- a range of increasing ultrasonic amplitudes and increasing trasonically excited blade achieves a greater depth of cut.

Tue 8:45 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators Focusing of ultrasound using ﬂat piston transducer and Fresnel Zone Plate for Medical Imaging – (Contributed, 000211) K. Baik, S. Kim, Y. T. Kim, I. Doh, J. Hyun and H. J. Lee Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267, Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, 34113 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Focusing of ultrasound has been an interesting issue for controlled by the number of Fresnel zones, size of the aper- its applicability of medical imaging and physical ther- ture, and operating frequency. Current study shows the apy. In conventional ultrasound focusing systems using theoretical design of the FZP and the measurements of phased array, ultrasonic lens, and metamaterial, etc., fo- intensity profile both in axial and lateral directions that cal length and beam diameter of generating ultrasound are consistent well either with the theory or FEM sim- are not changeable but fixed. In the current study, fo- ulations. Another design of the plate that gives similar cusing was done using conventional flat piston transducer performance of FZP is also presented, which is done by and Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) that can be inserted in front the shape optimization technique. of the transducer. Focal length and beam diameter were

Tue 9:00 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators Kerﬂess Phased Array Using Sol-Gel Composite Spraying Technique – (Contributed, 000290) M. Tanabe, M. Kobaysahi, K. Nakatsuma and M. Nishimoto Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sol-gel composite spraying technique is a method for de- porosity of the fabricated piezoelectric layer was focused veloping piezoelectric transducer by spraying composite on achieving a kerfless phased array for medical ultrasound material of piezoelectric sol-gel solution and powder, and imaging. The porosity should contribute to a decrease in has attracted great attention especially in non-destructive crosstalk among elements. As a preliminary experiment, testing over the years because of its features such as curved the kerfless linear array transducers with various pitches surface suitability, flexibility, and high-temperature dura- from 50 to 200 µm, using the sol-gel composite spraying bility. The flexibility arises from the fact that the fabri- technique were fabricated and each fundamental perfor- cated piezoelectric layer has many holes. In this study, the mance was evaluated.

Tue 9:15 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators Wide-band Design of Diaphragm pMUT based on Induction of Strain in Film Thickness Direction by Aspect Ratio Control – (Contributed, 000231) Y. Ishiguroa, N. Tagawab and T. Okuboa aTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6, Asahigaoka, Hino, 1910065 Tokyo, Japan; bTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer generally have narrow band characteristics undesirable (PMUT) array systems manufactured by MEMS technol- for high definition imaging. We have investigated how ogy are attracting attention due to their high performance. the bandwidth and sensitivity change by thickening the Diaphragm-type transducers are easy to manufacture by PZT diaphragm by simulation, and confirmed that those MEMS and are advantageous for miniaturization, but are improved than a general thin diaphragm. In this 70 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook study, we expect the existence of an appropriate value bandwidth of 60 to 100%. A diaphragm thicker than a of the aspect ratio defined between the width and the certain thickness threshold has a specific bandwidth of thickness. We investigate the reception performance of 150% or more in the simulation. The critical thickness diaphragm transducers consisting of PZT and Si layer by is determined by the aspect ratio. A thick diaphragm, FEM simulation. Diaphragm-type transducers have width that is, a high aspect ratio diaphragm causes coexistence and layers thicknesses of PZT and Si layer as design pa- of membrane vibration and thickness vibration. If the rameters. Each parameter dependence of the ultrasonic thickness is too thick, it becomes a simple vibration of the reception performance is confirmed by simulation, and its thickness vibration, and the bandwidth gradually narrows. tendency is analyzed. Based on the results, we derive an It is also possible to achieve high sensitivity by controlling optimal transducer design method for a desired frequency the thickness of the Si layer. For a desired frequency band, band. It is reported that the diaphragm-type transducer it is possible to optimally design for various applications using membrane vibrations is in a narrow band and the from the viewpoint of bandwidth and sensitivity using the bulk transducer using thickness vibrations has a specific aspect ratio as a design parameter.

Tue 8:00 308A Ultrasound in Air Ultrasonic Characterization of Noodle Dough for the Development of Air-coupled Ultrasound On-line Quality Control During Production – (Contributed, 000151) R.-M. Guillermica, S. O. Kerherv´ea, H. Wangb, A. Strybulevycha, D. W. Hatcherc, M. G. Scanlonb and J. H. Pagea aUniversity of Manitoba - Department of Physics and Astronomy, 30A Sifton Road, Allen building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2; bUniversity of Manitoba - Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2; cGrain Research Laboratory - Canadian Grain Commission, 303 Main St, Winnipeg, Canada R3C 3G7 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Characterization of the mechanical properties of soft food sonic techniques (air-coupled and contact). Contact lon- materials is crucial in the food industry, both for process gitudinal experiments were performed over a wide range design and for quality enhancement purposes. Sheeting of frequencies (0.5 to 12 MHz). This allows the charac- is a common process in food processing and consists of terization of bubbles and noodle dough matrix properties, passing dough through a gap between a pair of rotating and how they are affected by composition and processing rolls. In the case of the Asian noodle industry, composi- conditions. This study brings a better understanding of tion and work input during the sheeting process are impor- the material properties, necessary for developing an ultra- tant parameters that influence the mechanical properties sonic air-coupled technique for real-time on-line quality of dough, and as a consequence, the final product quality. control during noodle dough production. Benefiting from An accurate and fast determination of these properties will this new knowledge, an air-coupled ultrasound technique certainly improve the industrial food processing, allowing is being used to assess the mechanical properties of noodle the manufacturers a better control of the uniformity of dough sheets and has been evaluated in pilot-plant trials, their product during production. To address this need, showing its feasibility for real-time quality monitoring. we are conducting a full study of noodle dough with ultra-

Tue 8:15 308A Ultrasound in Air Directivity of a circular transverse vibrating plate type aerial ultrasonic source with a truncated cone shaped reﬂective plate – (Contributed, 000230) H. Yoshinoa, T. Asamib and H. Miurab aNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 1018308 Tokyo, Japan; bNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In order to get a high sound pressure at a long distance, circular vibrating plate. In the results, the sharp directiv- the sharp directivity of a sound source is necessary. For ity of sound waves was formed on the central axis of the this purpose, the authors have investigated the directiv- vibrating plate. In this report, we investigated the sound ity of the aerial ultrasonic source is installed a circular vi- pressure distribution on the plane parallel to the vibrat- brating plate and a truncated cone shaped reflective plate. ing plate. Then, we examined directivity by measuring This source can radiate the sharp directivity aerial ultra- the half width from the sound pressure. We measured the sonic waves easily because the circular transverse vibrating phase distribution on the plane both parallel and perpen- plate where the driving point is the center of the plate is dicular to the vibrating plate. In the results, the sound attached to the longitudinal vibration source and the trun- pressure distribution on the plane parallel to the vibrating cated cone shaped reflective plate is installed in around the plate is high sound pressure near the center of the vibrat- Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 71 ing plate. The half width of the radiate sound wave was of the vibrating plate on the plane parallel to the vibrat- about 130 mm. at the measurement point of 1 m from the ing plate. In addition, it was able to confirm the spread vibrating plate. In the planar phase distribution, it was of the sound waves from the phase on the plane vertical possible to confirm the phase-aligned part near the center to the vibrating plate.

Tue 8:30 308A Ultrasound in Air Analysis of Vertical Sound Image Control with Parametric Loudspeakers – (Contributed, 000015) S. Aoki, K. Shimizu and K. Itou Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, 921 - 8501 Nonoichi, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: aoki{_}[email protected]

The parametric loudspeaker is known as a super direc- ers. Moreover, it was found that the left-right sound lo- tional loudspeaker by using nonlinear interaction between calization could be realized only with the upper and lower high power ultrasounds in air. The parametric loud- parametric loudspeakers. By setting the parametric loudspeaker is one of the prominent applications of nonlinear speaker the right ear, that is by setting it only 3 degrees acoustics. It is expected that a stereo reproduction us- rightward, the direction of sound localization moved about ing the parametric loudspeakers will lead to enjoy music 10 degrees rightward. without other persons’ annoyance and trouble. So far, In order to make clear the obtained new finding, the effect we had conducted the listening test that the parametric of the acoustic axis of the parametric loudspeaker to the loudspeaker reproduced left and right signals with binau- direction of left-right sound localization was analyzed in ral information. details. The ILD (Interaural Level Difference) were calcu- The characteristics of the sound localization with the up- lated by introducing a simple geometrical acoustic model per and lower parametric loudspeakers in the vertical di- of a listener head. rection were investigated by the results of listening tests. The vertical direction of sound localization was able to be Reference S. Aoki, et al., ”Characteristics of stereo repro- controlled when the acoustical axis was set to the right duction with parametric loudspeakers,” The International ear. The results were similar as in using ordinary loud- Congresses on Ultrasonics (2011). pp.47-50. K. Shimizu, speakers. The dependence of the parametric loudspeakers et al., ”Study of vertical sound image control using para- on the level difference between the upper and lower loud- metric loudspeakers,” The International Congresses on Ul- speakers was weaker than those of the ordinary loudspeak- trasonics (2015). pp.1031-1034.

Tue 8:45 308A Ultrasound in Air Divergence control of ultrasonic sound waves generated by a parametric speaker – (Contributed, 000282)

Y. Matsui, M. Oi, G. Cheng, X. Wu and H. Furuhashi Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247, Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, 4700392 Toyota, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: furuhasi{_}[email protected]

A parametric speaker system that controls the divergence air were realized. The proposed speaker comprises 144 of ultrasonic sound waves has been developed in this study. ultrasonic transmitting elements. Each phase of these el- Owing to their sharp directivity, parametric speakers that ements can be controlled to control the divergence of an use ultrasonic waves modulated by audio signals from ultrasonic sound wave. The divergence of the audio sound array transmitters have garnered much attention in the generated by the speaker is controlled by the control of sound industry. However, the divergence of directivity is the ultrasonic waves. The system was constructed, and determined by the mechanical conﬁguration of a speaker the divergence of the audio sound was controlled success- and cannot be controlled. Therefore, such sharp directiv- fully. The divergence of the audio sound widened with an ity limits the application of the sound system. In this pa- increase in the divergence of the ultrasonic sound waves. per, a system that can electrically control the divergence of The characteristics of the system are discussed in this sound waves is proposed. For a parametric speaker, ampli- paper. This work was partially supported by the grant tude modulation of audible sound with an ultrasonic sound of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) under carrier wave of frequency 40 kHz and self-demodulation in 15K05879 for research institute expenses. 72 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Wed 11:00 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2 Eﬀect of diﬀraction modes on acoustic bandgap formation in two-dimensional phononic crystal in water – (Contributed, 000165) H. S. Kanga, W.-G. Kima, S. W. Yoona and K. I. Leeb aSungKyunKwan University, 2066, SEOBU-RO, JANGAN-GU, KS002 Suwon, Republic of Korea; bKangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We experimentally and theoretically investigated the effect served. To explain the difference between two kinds of diffraction modes on the formation process of acous- of bandgap formations, the acoustic pressure fields at tic bandgaps in two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals bandgap frequencies were simulated by using the finite el- (PCs) consisting of periodic arrays of stainless steel rods ement method (FEM). The FEM results showed that only immersed in water. The acoustic bandgaps were classified normal reflection occurred at the slowly formed bandgap into two types by their formation process, and the effect of frequency ranges while additional diffraction modes oc- diffraction modes on the bandgap formation process was curred at the rapidly formed bandgap frequency ranges. investigated. In order to classify the acoustic bandgaps, These confirmed that the additional diffraction modes af- the pressure transmission coefficients of the 2D PCs were fect the formation process of bandgap rapidly. These re- measured experimentally by varying the number of layers. sults suggest that the number of layers of 2D PCs required As the number of layers of the 2D PC increased, slowly for bandgap formation can be reduced by using the acous- formed bandgaps and rapidly formed bandgaps were ob- tic bandgap including the diffraction modes.

Tue 11:15 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2 Guided Elastic Waves in Nanoscaled 1D Piezoelectric Phononic Crystals – (Contributed, 000056) A. Chena, D.-J. Yana and Y.-S. Wangb aBeijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; bBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This paper is concerned with the guided elastic waves size-effect and the volume fractions on the mode conver- propagating in nanoscaled 1D piezoelectric phononic crys- sions are analyzed in details. It is found that all the distal. The equations of wave motion based on the nonlo- persion curves including the mode conversion zones are cal piezoelectricity continuum theory are derived, and the compressed under the cut-off frequency. The present in- symmetric wave mode is considered. The dispersion rela- vestigation may help us to control the cut- off frequency tion is obtained to analyze the behavior of the guided elas- and the mode conversion by tuning the internal or exter- tic waves and the influences of the nanoscale size-effect. A nal characteristic lengths and the volume fractions of the cut-off frequency appears when taking the nanoscale size- nanoscaled 1D piezoelectric phononic crystal. effect into consideration. The influences of the nanoscale

Tue 11:30 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2 Ceramic Phononic Crystals with MHz-range Frequency Band Gaps – (Contributed, 000128) M. Kollera, A. Kruisovaa, H. Seinerb, P. Sedl´akb, M. Landab, B. Roman-Mansoc, P. Miranzod, M. Belmonted and T. Grabece aInstitute of Thermomechanics, CAS, Dolejskova 1402/5, 18200 Praha 8, Czech Republic; bInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolej˘skova 1402/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic; cSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge Ma, 02318, USA; dInstitute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV-CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain; eNuclear Physics Institute, Reˆz130,ˇ 250 68 Reˆz,ˇ Czech Republic Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Robocasting is an additive manufacturing method, which plex structures with easily tunable geometric parameters, is capable of fabricating microarchitectured scaffolds, con- phononic crystals can be fabricated by the robocasting sisting of periodically repeating thin ceramic rods in var- method. In this contribution, elastic and acoustic prop- ious spatial arrangements. Fully sintered ceramic scaf- erties of several types of robocast silicon carbide scaffolds folds are obtained by a combination of layer-by-layer 3D are shown, utilizing a combination of resonant ultrasound printing and subsequent presureless spark plasma sinter- spectroscopy measurements and finite element modeling. ing of the printed green ceramic bodies. Due to the com- For the tetragonal and orthorhombic structures, strong Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 73 acoustic energy focusing along the principal axes of the trasonic waves is observed as a result of the scaffold ge- silicon carbide rods is obtained even in the low-frequency ometries. Moreover, frequency band gaps in MHz range limit, assuming the elastic properties of the scaffolds. On are detected by measuring longitudinal wave transmission the other hand, hexagonal structures are in-plane isotropic through the hexagonal ceramic scaffold, which is compared when the wavelengths are much higher than the princi- with a theoretical prediction by the finite element model- pal dimensions of the scaffolds. When the frequency of ing. longitudinal waves reaches several MHz, dispersion of ul-

Tue 11:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Application of Improved Orthogonal Polynomial Expansion Method in Calculating Dispersion Curves on Layered Semi-inﬁnite Structure – (Contributed, 000187) G. R. Song, M. K. Liu, Y. Lu, B. Wu and C. F. He College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The stress at the boundary of adjacent layers is discon- of semi-infinite structure are calculated by the improved tinuous when the conventional Laguerre orthogonal poly- method and verified by the partial wave method. The dif- nomial expansion method is used to calculate the prop- ference of the dispersion curves calculated by the conven- agation characteristics of Rayleigh-like waves on layered tional and the improved method can be observed obviously semi-infinite structure. This problem results in error of for the different adjacent materials. The stress distribu- wave velocity calculation, especially when the mechani- tion is reconstructed by the expansion coefficients of or- cal properties of the adjacent layers differentiate signifi- thogonal polynomial, and the superiority of the improved cantly. In this paper, the conventional Laguerre orthogo- method in dealing with continuity problem of boundary nal polynomial expansion method is improved to overcome stress is verified. the drawbacks. The Rayleigh-like waves dispersion curves

Tue 11:15 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Acoustic Delay-Lines Based on Wedge Waves – (Contributed, 000203) C.-H. Yang and P.-H. Tung National Taipei Univ. of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., 106 Taipei, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Traditional piston-type piezoelectric ultrasound transduc- pling agent. The signal is measured by different contact ers are widely used, however, showing their limitations in angle contact angle start from 35◦ to 90◦ with an interval some applications where small contact area or adjustable angle is 5◦. Good SNR is demonstrated using the wedge- polarization are desired. Wedge waves (WW) are guided wave delay line sensor. In the meanwhile, the amplitude of acoustic waves propagating along the tip of a wedge. The anti-symmetric flexural mode is found to increase as the advantages of wedge wave are motion amplitude is larger contact angle increases. The result shows when contact than surface wave and low energy attenuation when tip angle is approaching to 90◦, the in-plane shear wave can with small truncation. This research is focused on the be observed with better detection efficiency, but opposite development of a new type of acoustic delay-line based for the out-plane detection. More importantly, the delay on WW. Experimental configuration consists of a 5MHz line is shown to be used as polarization-sensitive detec- shear wave transducer and a wedge delay-line transducer tion of elastic waves. The wedge delay-line transducer are for ultrasonic excitation and detection. In this research, demonstrated to be feasible and also characterized experi- the wedge delay-line transducer is composed of a 2.25MHz mentally. Advantages of using the wedge delay-line trans- shear piezoelectric transducer and an aluminum wedge ducer include point-wise contact area, no coupling agent with an apex angle of 70◦. The end point of wedge delay needed and polarization by specific contact angle. This re- line is contacted at the specimen surface in a point-wise search aims at the development of a new signal-detection contact way to measure the vibration signal without cou- method based on wedge delay line.

Tue 11:30 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Non-Contact Monitoring of Fatigue Damage in Metallic Plates Using Laser-Generated Zero-Group Velocity Lamb Waves – (Contributed, 000229) 74 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

G. Yana, S. Raetza, N. Chigareva, V. E. Gusevb and V. Tournata aLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France; bLe Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Any manufactured product, such as metallic sheets, under- cles and the frequency of the first symmetrical ZGV Lamb goes numerous stresses (e.g. mechanical) during its life- mode is monitored as a function of its localization position time, which fatigues it and leads it inexorably to present in the plate. The aluminum plate is scanned in front of defects at some point. Being able to predict the fatigue fixed lasers (pulsed laser for generation and CW laser for lifetime or to quantitatively assess the fatigue damage the detection) and each measured signal is Fourier trans- stage in such components is thus of great interest in many formed for the ZGV frequency extraction. As the number industrial contexts. In recent years, laser-generated zero- of cycles increases, a monotonic increase of the ZGV fre- group velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves have proven to be an quency is first observed in the fatigue region, mainly due efficient tool to probe locally and accurately thicknesses to a thickness change. After numerous loading cycles, an or mechanical properties of materials, as well as to de- abrupt decrease of the ZGV frequency before specimen tect defects. Therefore, we propose to use laser-generated failure occurs associated to fatigue dislocations/cracks. A ZGV modes and their local and accurate features to moni- numerical model has been developed to further analyze the tor without contact the fatigue damage caused in metallic influence on the ZGV mode of local changes in thickness plates by a fatigue loading in buckling configuration. and mechanical properties due to the fatigue. An aluminum sheet is subjected to a cyclic loading in a two Our results show the potential of the technique to pre- sides clamped compression configuration inducing buck- dict fatigue lifetime and to quantitatively assess different ling. The specimen is unloaded at regular intervals of cy- stages of fatigue damage in solid plate structures.

Tue 11:45 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Phased Waveguide Array for Ultrasonic Imaging in Aggressive Liquids – (Contributed, 000235) S. A. Tsysara, S. A. Petrosyana, V. D. Svetb and O. A. Sapozhnikova,c aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bAcoustics Institute, Shvernika st. 4, 117036 Moscow, Russian Federation; cApplied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic imaging in liquids can be performed in multiple ture synthesis technique using a computer-controlled 3D ways. Restrictions may apply in cases when conventional positioning system. Absorbing baﬄe was placed around imaging systems cannot be adapted to aggressive media the input end of one transmitting rod in order to pro- conditions (chemical, thermal, radioactive etc.), for exam- vide acoustic excitation of this input tip only. Scatterers ple, in nuclear reactors with liquid-metal coolants. Here, (a set of 3-mm beads and 5-mm tube) were exposed to a method of using a set of acoustic waveguides in the form an ultrasonic beam generated by a 10 cm diameter ﬂat of solid rods to create a multi-element receiving array was piezoceramic transducer of 1 MHz frequency placed in a proposed and tested in nonaggressive liquids. The method water tank. Vibration of the output tip of the rod was is based on the transmission of an ultrasonic signal from recorded by a small single-element piezoelectric transducer one end of the waveguide, which is immersed in a liquid coupled with the tip. Spatio-temporal transfer function of medium, to its other end, which is remote from that liq- the multichannel waveguide system was calculated from uid. The waveguide output signal is registered using ei- the real boundary conditions provided by acoustical holog- ther optical interferometer or a piezoelectric sensor. The raphy measurements. It is shown the resulting image of use of a set of single-mode waveguides allows to minimize scatterers provides good localization of all targets demon- cross-talk issues of receiving elements (input tips of each strating a potential for the proposed system to be used for rod) and provides a local response. In experiments, the ultrasonic imaging. Work supported by RSF grant 17-72- rods from 1 to 5 mm diameter were used. Formation of 10284. a multi-element waveguide array was performed by aper-

Tue 12:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Characterization of Micro-crack Evolution Using Nonlinear Lamb Waves – (Contributed, 000260) C. Maa, W. Zhua, Y. Xianga, M. Dengb and H. Zhangc aEAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, MAIL BOX 531, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai, China; bLOGISTICS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY TOWN, SHA-PING-BA DISTRICT, 400016 Chongqing, China; cSHANGHAI UNIVERSITY, NANCHEN ROAD 333, BAOSHAN DISTRICT, 200444 Shanghai, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 75

Abstract: Recent studies show that nonlinear ultrasonic rately evaluating the micro-cracks in solid plates. Fatigue methods are better than conventional linear ultrasonic experiments were performed to generate the fatigue cracks methods that are sensitive only to severe defects. Micro- on Al 7075 specimens, which had a center micro-hole be- cracks growth at a low rate on the early stage, once the fore. The diameter of the micro-hole’s was about 150 `ım, surface crack length reached to a critical size, the crack and the initial crack can be observed around the micro- would propagate to final fracture quickly. For this reason, hole after fatigue test. The interrupted fatigue tests were it is important to identify the fatigue crack initiation and performed under stress-controlled mode with a stress ra- growth mechanisms of the material. Nonlinear ultrasonic tio of 0.1. The maximum stress for the fatigue testing is Lamb wave technique has been considered as a positive 180 MPa A ”mountain-shape” change of âwith respect method for accurately evaluating the early stages of ma- to length of micro-crack was observed in experiments. A terial degradation. So research on micro-cracks detection general trend of increase in âduring the early stages of ap- using nonlinear acoustic character, is both of theoretical proximately 60% fatigue life and its decrease toward the significance and practical value. However, there was few end of the test are observed with the micro-cracks’ proro- research concerning micro-cracks whose lengths are lim- gation. On the other hand, the amplitude of the primary ited to 0.5 mm. Nonlinear Lamb waves in this research frequency almost keeps constant. So we could find the to detect the growth of micro-cracks. The experiments potential of the nonlinear Lamb wave methods on micro- results could be concluded that the nonlinear effects of cracks detection. ultrasonic Lamb waves might offer a potential for accu-

Tue 12:15 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Guided Wave Inspection for Rail Foot Using Piezoelectric Probe – (Contributed, 000296) R. Lina, Y. Wena, Y. Mab and H. Maa aDongguan University of Technology, 1 Daxue Rd, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, P.R.China, 523808 Dongguan, China; bChina Railway Design Corporation Guangdong Branch, 1 Taoyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R.China, 518000 Shenzhen, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Rail inspection is one of the key work in the routine main- notches. The artificial transverse notches are 3.0mm and tenance of rail track. Current method based on traditional 4.5 mm width throughout the outer flange of rail foot. ultrasonic testing cannot be used to detect rail foot be- They are 2500 mm apart from the transducers. Wavelet cause of the dead zone. This research present guided waves transform was employed to analyze the signals and iden- to detect the flaw in rail foot. Finite element method tify the defects. The results show that vertical bending (FEM) was utilized to study the propagation characteris- mode of guided waves can propagate more than 12 meters tic and wave structure of guided waves in rail foot. Piezo- with acceptable attenuation in rail foot and detect the ar- electric transducer was designed and optimized to gener- tificial notches. Wavelet transform is useful in separate ated and received guided waves. Experiments were con- different modes of guide waves. duct on 6-meter-long rails with various artificial transverse

Tue 12:30 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2 Finite Element Modeling of Microcrack Detection in Plate by Nonlinear Lamb Waves – (Contributed, 000306) Y. Liua, S. Maa and H. Zhangb aShanghai University, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, 200072 Shanghai, China; bShanghai University, School of Communication and Information Engineering, 200444 Shanghai, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Nonlinear ultrasonic technique becomes increasingly im- model is built to simulate the propagation of S0 mode portant in the evaluation of microcracks or degradation of Lamb wave along the plate and the interaction between metals at the fine length scale. However there has been the waves and a rectangular microcrack inside the plate, few research reported on the numerical studies on the non- by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The Fourier spectrum linear ultrasonic detection, especially on nonlinear Lamb analysis shows that a second harmonic component exists in waves. In this paper, a finite element method is developed the received signal, which indicates the material’s nonlin- to explain the interaction between nonlinear Lamb waves earity at microcrack. And the effects of length and width and microcrack in a thin aluminum plate. Single S0 mode of the microcrack on the nonlinear parameters are clari- of Lamb waves is generated by two symmetric piezoelec- fied. The results show the feasibility of using the finite tric transducers as transmitters, and a single piezoelec- element method of nonlinear Lamb waves for the evalua- tric transducer is used as the receiver. A two-dimensional tion of microcrack at an early stage. 76 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 11:00 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications High frame-rate carotid ultrasound imaging – (Invited, 000273) H. H. Hansen, S. Fekkes, A. E. Saris, P. Van Lochem and C. L. De Korte Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Quantification of plaque compositions and the remain- technique from 2D to 3D by combining compound strain ing velocity profile is crucial for adequate therapy in imaging with high frame rate imaging. Additionally, push atherosclerotic disease. We developed high frame rate wave elastography for transverse vessel cross-sections is methods for characterization of the arterial wall, plaques being developed. In this technique, a shear-like wave is and flow. generated by an ultrasound push and its circumferential High frame rate imaging allows to quantify the local pulse propagation is captured by high frame rate imaging. Since wave velocity. The pulse wave velocity is a marker for the propagation behavior of the shear-like wave is directly stiffening of the vascular wall. By imaging the carotid related to the modulus of the arterial wall and plaque it artery in longitudinal direction at more than 1000 frames provides information on the plaque composition. per second (fps), the propagation of the pulse wave can Finally, we utilized compound imaging to quantify the 2D be quantified. Additionally, we developed two techniques blood velocity vector. By acquiring over 10.000 fps at two to characterize the plaques. First, we developed a com- beam steered angles, the full 2D velocity vector can be de- pound strain imaging technique in which the carotid is termined. This technology has proven to provide superior imaged at a combination of large beam steered angles to velocity estimates over the full range of slow to high ve- fully quantify the 2D strain vector. The presence of high locity values. Application of this technology in a realistic strain regions is considered to be related to rupture prone bifurcation phantom and initial experience in vivo shows spots of the plaque. Currently, we are transferring this that turbulent flow patterns can be characterized.

Tue 11:25 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications Vector Projectile Imaging (VPI): Dynamic Flow Visualization Using High Frame Rate Ultrasound – (Invited, 000285) A. C. Yu University of Waterloo, EIT 4125, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Hitherto, it has been difficult to use color flow imag- with three tubes of differing depths (1.5, 4, 6 cm), angles ing to visualize these flow patterns intuitively. Here, (-10, 0, 10 deg), and sizes (2.2, 4.4, 6.3 mm diameter; 2.5 we have developed a new technique called vector pro- ml/s steady flow rate). VPI cineloops were then gener- jectile imaging (VPI) that can dynamically render com- ated on anthropomorphic flow models of stenosed carotid plex flow dynamics over an imaging view at millisecond bifurcation (fabricated via lost-core casting; PVA as tissue time resolution. VPI is founded upon three principles: mimic). (i) high-frame-rate broad-view data acquisition (steered plane wave firings); (ii) flow vector estimation derived In the multi-vessel calibration test, VPI showed that it from multi-angle Doppler analysis (with data regulariza- can consistently derive flow vector estimates that resem- tion and least-squares fitting); (iii) dynamic visualization bled the theoretical profile. Moreover, in a bifurcation of color-encoded vector projectiles (flow speckles displayed with 50% eccentric stenosis at the internal carotid artery as adjunct). (ICA) inlet, VPI vividly highlighted the flow jet emerging For proof of concept, VPI has been implemented on a re- from the stenosis site and its trajectory (time resolution: search scanner with SonixTouch transmit core, SonixDAQ 2.4 ms). Also, it enabled time-resolved observation of mul- pre-beamform data acquisition tool, and a GPU processor tiple flow disturbance zones in the ICA. These results show (for flow processing). A configuration with three Tx angles that VPI can achieve time-resolved vector visualization of (-10, 0, +10 deg) and three Rx angles (-10, 0, +10 deg) multi-directional and spatiotemporally varying flow pat- was realized (10 kHz PRF; 5 MHz freq; 3-cycle pulses). Its terns within curvy vasculature under pulsatile flow condi- performance was first assessed on a multi-vessel phantom tions.

Tue 11:50 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications Adaptive Beamformer with Phase Coherence Weighting Applied to Ultrafast Ultrasound – (Invited, 000045) Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 77

H. Hasegawa and M. Mozumi University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, 930-8555 Toyama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging realizes an extremely high tive beamformer. By weighting the beamformed echo sig- temporal resolution at the expense of the lateral spatial nals obtained with the modified adaptive beamformer by resolution owing to unfocused transmit beams. Therefore, the phase coherence factor, the lateral spatial resolution methods for improvement of the lateral spatial resolution is improved further. The performance of the proposed are demanded for ultrafast ultrasound imaging. Although method was evaluated by a phantom experiment. Plane adaptive beamforming was introduced in ultrasound imag- wave ultrafast imaging was performed with a 7.5-MHz lin- ing for improvement of the lateral spatial resolution, its ear array probe. The ultrasonic echo signals from a string high computational cost is a hurdle to practical appli- in tissue mimicking material were received by individual cation. We proposed a modified adaptive beamformer, transducer elements and acquired by a custom-made ul- whose computational complexity is comparable to that of trasound scanner. The lateral spatial resolution was eval- the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer. In uated from the full width at half maximum of an echo the present study, the phase coherence factor, which evalu- from the string. The lateral spatial resolutions obtained ates focusing quality, was introduced in the modified adap- by DAS, modified adaptive beamformer without and with tive beamformer for further improvement of the lateral the phase coherence factor were 0.28, 0.20, and 0.19 mm, spatial resolution. The phase coherence factor was eval- respectively. Those results show that the lateral spatial uated with respect to element echo signals weighted by resolution was improved further by adaptive beamforming beamforming weights determined by the modified adap- used with the phase coherence factor.

Tue 12:15 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications Computationally Eﬃcient Super Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Based on Multiple Transmission/Reception with Diﬀerent Carrier Frequencies – (Contributed, 000108) J. Zhu and N. Tagawa Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We have previously proposed super-resolution ultrasound usage of the SCM. The SCM result for each echo received imaging based on multiple transmission/reception (TR) by each transducer element is used as a weight for RBF. with different carrier frequencies called SCM (Super- Furthermore, in the SA-SCM, RBF is required as many resolution FM-Chirp correlation Method). In this method, as the image lines, but in the SCM-weighted SA, only one since a focused beam is transmitted, multiple TRs are re- RBF is required for each image. The number of TRs is the quired for each line constituting a B-mode image. In order same as the SA-SCM. In this study, we adopt a simple de- to reduce the number of required TRs, the SCM has been lay & sum (DAS) technique as RBF, and the SCM result extended to the synthetic aperture (SA) version called SA- calculated for echoes received at each transducer element SCM. In this version, only one set of TRs is executed for is used as a weight when adding time-compensated echoes. each image. However, since super-resolution processing It should be noted that the DAS can be replaced by other is performed for each line data obtained by the reception high performance RBFs to improve SNR. We evaluated beam former (RBF) in both the SCM and the SA-SCM, the effectiveness of our new method by FEM simulation image discontinuities tend to occur in the azimuth direc- and experiment. From the results, it can be confirmed tion. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new method that images without discontinuity in the azimuth direc- called SCM-weighted SA which switches the order of the tion can be obtained at low cost while maintaining the SCM and RBF in the SA-SCM and further changes the resolution of the SCM in the range direction.

Tue 12:30 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications 3-D Electromechanical activation mapping of the heart in canines and humans in vivo – (Contributed, 000249) J. Grondina, D. Wangb, N. Trayanovab and E. Konofagoua aColumbia University, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 19-418, New York, 10032, USA; bJohns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 78 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is an ultrasound- simulations were compared against the benchmark. In based methodology that can transmurally map the elec- vivo RF signal acquisition was performed transthoracically tromechanical activation of the heart at high temporal in a normal subject and in an open chest canine using the resolution. Previous reports have shown strong correla- same 2-D array connected to two synchronized Verason- tion between EWI-based and electrical activation times. ics scanners with a full volume imaging rate of 500 Hz. However, EWI has only been performed with 2D echocar- The inter-volume axial displacements and strains as well diography, which cannot map the full cardiac volume in a as the 3D transmural electromechanical activation of the single heartbeat. In this study, we show the feasibility of heart were estimated from diverging wave acquisitions. 3D EWI in silico and in vivo. A 32x32 elements array, with 3 MHz center frequency was Estimated and true axial displacements in silico were simulated using Field II. The right and left ventricular ge- found to be strongly correlated (R2=0.97) in both the ometry and displacement were obtained from a computa- right and left ventricles. Good agreement (R2=0.86) tional electromechanical model based on real human heart was found between estimated electromechanical activation anatomy and benchmarked as the ”ground truth”. Ultra- times and true electrical activation times. The electrome- sound radiofrequency (RF) channel data were acquired at chanical wave was imaged in vivo with 3D ultrasound and 1000 Hz using diverging wave imaging and inter-volume the electromechanical activation sequence of the full heart axial displacements and strains were estimated as well as was mapped during a single heartbeat. This study shows electromechanical activation times. Estimated axial dis- that 3-D EWI is feasible and opens new avenues for non- placements, strains and activation times from ultrasound invasive cardiac arrhythmia characterization.

Tue 11:00 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Theoretical models supporting some recent experiments in picosecond laser ultrasonics – (Invited, 000103) V. E. Gusev Le Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Some incremental advances in the theoretical models sup- tic waves undetectable by transient reflectivity measure- porting the experiments in picosecond laser ultrasonics are ments, Phys. Rev. B 95, 184302 (2017). 2. V. Sha- discussed. The theory revealed that in materials particular lagatskyi, O. Kovalenko, V. Shumylo, A. Alekhin, G. GHz acoustic frequencies can be undetectable by Brillouin Vaudel, T. Pezeril, V. S. Vlasov, A. M. Lomonosov, V. E. scattering of light of particular color/wavelength [1]. The Gusev, D. Makarov, and V. V. Temnov, Ultrafast electron- theory explained that the injection of the hot electrons in phonon-magnon interactions at noble metal-ferromagnet the metal through its interface with another metal can ex- interfaces, arXiv:1511.09060v3 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] (2017). cite coherent acoustic pulses (CAPs) that are shorter than 3. M. Kuriakose, N. Chigarev, S. Raetz, A. Bulou, V. the time of sound propagation across laser light penetra- Tournat, A. Zerr and V. E. Gusev, In situ imaging of the tion depth [2]. The theory indicated that a time instant of dynamics of photo-induced structural phase transition at CAP reflection from the interface could be estimatred by high pressures by picosecond acoustic interferometry, New ”matching” the Brillouin oscillations in transient optical J. Phys. 19, 053206 (2017). 4. M. Grossmann, M. Schu- reflectivity signals, which are induced by the incident and bert, C. He, D. Brick, E. Scheer, M. Hettich, V. Gusev reflected CAPs [3]. The theory supported application of and T. Dekorsy, Characterization of thin-film adhesion the picosecond CAPs in reflection mode to evaluating thin and phonon lifetimes in Al/Si membranes by picosecond film adhesion to the membranes [4]. ultrasonics, New J. Phys. 19, 053019 (2017). 1. C. He, O. Ristow, M. Grossmann, D. Brick, Y. Guo, M. Schubert, M. Hettich, V. Gusev, and T. Dekorsy, Acous-

Tue 11:25 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Time-domain Brillouin scattering assisted by diﬀraction gratings – (Invited, 000148) O. Matsudaa, T. Pezerilb, I. Chabanb, K. Fujitac and V. E. Gusevd aHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bInstitut Molecules et Materiaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Universite du Maine, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; cHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; dLe Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 79

Broadband acoustic pulses can be generated from the is insufficient to determine the sound speed and the re- absorption of ultrashort light pulses in a medium. fractive index simultaneously. In this paper, we present a Their propagation can be monitored by delayed light method using a grating structure formed on a transpar- pulses through measuring the transient optical reflectiv- ent sample. From the illumination of the grating struc- ity change. The technique is called picosecond laser ul- ture by the pump light, it is possible to generate acous- trasonics, and it enables the study of various acoustic, tic waves propagating in multiple directions in the sam- opto-acoustic, structural properties of a sample. When ple. The optical detection from the transparent medium the technique is applied to a transparent medium in con- side towards the grating structure provides possibilities tact with an appropriate light absorbing material (a thin for probing these acoustic waves simultaneously on a sin- metal film coated on the medium, for example), the ob- gle measurement. We will show the experimental results served transient reflectivity change usually shows an os- obtained for a fused silica sample with grating structures cillatory behavior which is called Brillouin oscillation. made of Au or Al with a period of 200-600 nm which is The Brillouin oscillation frequency is determined by the shorter or longer than the wavelength of the probe light in sound speed and the refractive index of the transparent the medium (400 nm in vacuum, ∼290 nm in the medium). medium. For the above mentioned sample, a bulk trans- The results show Brillouin oscillations at multiple frequen- parent medium with a thin absorptive film, the oscillation cies. The technique should be useful to study the acous- involves a single frequency, caused by the back scattering tical and optical properties of transparent solids and/or of the probe light by the propagating acoustic wave. This liquids.

Tue 11:50 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Longitudinal sound velocities, elastic anisotropy and phase transition of highly pressurized H2O ice evaluated by picosecond acoustic interferometry – (Contributed, 000245) M. Kuriakosea, S. Raetza, Q.-M. Hub, S. M. Nikitina, N. Chigareva, V. Tournata, A. Bulouc, A. Lomonosovd, P. Djemiae, V. E. Gusevf and A. Zerre aLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France; bInstitute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China; cIMMM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France; dProkhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; eCNRS LSPM, 99 avenue Jean Baptiste Cl´ement, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; f Le Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

H2O ice is the basic molecular solid which mechanical controversial equations of state obtained in earlier X-ray properties and response to compression play a funda- diffraction studies. From these data we are able to derive mental role, e.g. in understanding covalent bonding in pressure dependences of the single crystal elastic moduli of molecules and forces acting between molecules. We apply cubic H2O ice. Then the obtained experimental results on the picosecond acoustic interferometry (PAI) experimental longitudinal and transversal sound velocities of cubic H2O technique to examine and quantify, with improved resolu- ice are compared with ab-initio calculations. Importantly, tion, spatial variations of longitudinal sound velocities in further comparison of our experimental and theoretical re- polycrystalline ice samples compressed in a diamond anvil sults with the earlier experimental data obtained using cell up to 82 GPa. Experimental signals collected with the frequency-domain Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffrac- PAI technique in transparent materials contain Brillouin tion led us to find the source of discrepancies recognized oscillations, the frequencies of which are proportional to in the earlier data. Finally, the comparison also implies the sound velocities. A signal processing method based that the transition from molecular ice VII to ionic ice X on the synchronous detection principle is used to accu- should occur at much higher pressures than considered rately estimate in each signal the Brillouin instantaneous earlier, most probably above 80 GPa. Our experimental frequency (IF). Temporal variations of IF therefore reveal results indicate that PAI can be viewed as a replacement and allow quantification of spatial variations of velocities. for Brillouin scattering and Brillouin microscopy in all in- The revealed variations caused by elastic anisotropy pro- vestigations where nanoscale spatial resolution is either vide the fastest and the slowest sound velocity in a single required or advantageous. crystal of cubic H2O ice and allow for testing the existing

Tue 12:05 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Temperature Dependence of Polycrystalline Aluminum Thin Film Elastic Constants by In-Situ Bril- louin Light Scattering and Picosecond Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000097) P. Djemiaa, L. Belliardb, F. Challalia, N. Girodon-Boulandeta and D. Fauriea aCNRS LSPM, 99 avenue Jean Baptiste Cl´ement, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; bINSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 80 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

We investigated the effective elastic constants in the tem- tic and elastic properties. At room temperature, the Al perature range [20◦C, 600◦C] of a polycrystalline alu- film could be considered as nearly isotropic while increas- minum thin film deposited on a silicon substrate by rf mag- ing the temperature until 670 ◦C led to an increase of the netron sputtering from Al target in Ar plasma discharge. elastic anisotropy that was evaluated by the C11/C33 ratio From x-ray diffraction, the Al film showed a (111)-fiber of the in-plane (C11) and out-of-plane (C33) longitudinal texture. The Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and the pi- effective elastic constants. Our results are found to be in cosecond ultrasonics (PU) were complementary employed a good agreement with previous studies on bulk Al using in combination with a furnace under high -vacuum (∼10−5 standards ultrasounds equipment and molecular dynamics mbar) or inert gas, was employed to measure their acous- theoretical estimates.

Tue 12:20 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1 Probing the van der Waals coupling of 2D materials by using Terahertz Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000247) P.-J. Wanga, V. E. Gusevb, J.-K. Sheuc and C.-K. Suna aGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan; bLe Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; cInstitute of Electro-Optical Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 10701 Tainan, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Applying 2D materials on semiconductors is a common strate the nondestructive probing of the van der Waals method for the fabrication of novel electronics or photon- interface by using THz Ultrasonics for the first time. Ex- ics devices, called van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. perimentally, we transferred a single layer CVD graphene The interaction force and energy transfer between adja- on GaN to form such a structure. Using femtosecond cent 2D materials and between the 2D-material/substrate ultrasonics technology, we successfully reported a broad- interface are crucial to determine the behavior of such band acoustic response of the adhesion vdW force. The devices. However, probing and controlling its interface fitting results directly revealed three crucial parameters: vdW properties are challenging tasks. In order to bet- effective sheet density of adhesive graphene, spring con- ter describe such an interface, here we first derived a stant, and damping constant. Our fitting result states spring/damping model based on the nature of van der that graphene/GaN interface vdW force would result to Waals force interaction. With proper assumption and an oscillation echo with frequency above hundreds of GHz boundary condition, we can simulate the acoustic response and non-zero damping constant. Overall, our work pro- under an ultrashort acoustic pulse excitation. Considering vided a unique and powerful method to directly probe the a regular vdW adhesion on a 2D material/semiconductor nano-mechanical properties of 2D/3D vdW interface with interface, our model expects a resonance frequency above THz spectrum. We believe it is a first step toward the fur- hundreds of GHz. In order to probe such an interface ther realization of interaction mechanism of weak bonding vdW resonance, an acoustic system with a bandwidth over interface in vdW heterostructures. 1 THz will be needed. In this presentation, we demon-

Tue 11:00 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 Advances in borehole acoustic reﬂection imaging – (Invited, 000299) X. M. Tang University of Petroleum (East), Engineering Building C, 66 West Yangtze Road, Huangdao district, 266580 Qingdao, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Borehole acoustic reflection imaging has recently emerged imaging technology has been sucessfully tested by a des- as an important geophysical well-logging technology in hy- ignated experiment using two parallel boreholes far away drocarbon exploration. This technology greatly enhances from each other. This technology has also been applied to the ability to image reservoir structures away from bore- field acoustic logging measurements. The result desmon- hole. This paper provides an overview on the advance- states that it can detect hidden reservoir around borehole ment of this technology and its applications. The most and image reservoir fractures. The shear-wave imaging is significant advance is shear-wave reflection imaging using particularly useful for detect fractures that have a sharp borehole dipole sources. With these advances, the bore- shear rigidity discontinuity. Further, the azimuthal sensi- hole reflection imaging has begun to shift the paradigm tivity of the dipole shear wave allows for determining the of well logging from ”a view along a well”to ”a teleview strike azimuth of the fracture. away from the well”. The dipole shear-wave reflection Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 81

Tue 11:25 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 An Inversion Scheme for The Shear Speed from The Sholte Wave Excited by A Dipole Source during Logging While Drilling in A Slow Formation – (Contributed, 000021) H. Hu, C. Zhang and X. Zheng Department of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PO Box 344, 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Shear speed can be inversed from the acoustic dipole flex- Dipsersion and excitation analysis show the advantage of ual wave in a soft formation during wireline logging. How- the dipole Sholte wave in LWD. This wave is slightly dis- ever, the flexual wave becomes elusive during acoustic log- persive at low frequency. Its velocity become a constant ging while drilling(LWD). The existence of the steel collar value at the high frequency range. The source frequency changes the borehole structure and corresoponding wave- can be chosen to be between 8 and 10 kHz. The Sholte field. The flexual wave is mixed with the collar wave, wave speed is much more sensitive to the shear speed of and cannot be used to invert shear wave speed acurately. the formation than all other formation parameters. Thus Quadrupole pole source has been suggested to replace the it can be used for inversion of shear wave in a slow forma- dipole source. However, the acoustic field excited by a tion. As the Sholte wave is a nonleaky interface wave, its quadrupole source is much weaker than a dipole source in attenuation can be used to evaluated the energe absorp- LWD. tions in the media at the sides of the borehole.

Tue 11:40 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 Numerical Simulations of a Slim-hole Piezoelectric Dipole Transmitter for Acoustic Logging – (Contributed, 000039) Y. Zhou, Y. Dai, D. Chen and Q. Zhang Institute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In slim-hole acoustic logging, the resonant frequency of ﬁxed in an outer housing is designed and studied. Modal dipole excitation spectrum is higher than that in normal and harmonic response analyses of the whole transducer borehole. Conventional dipole transmitters with usual res- are conducted by using the ﬁnite element method, includ- onant frequencies are not suitable. Besides, the transmit- ing analyses of input conductance of transducer, transmitters should be much smaller than usual due to the small ting voltage response and directivity patterns. Besides, diameter of the hole. In order to better analyze and im- the simulation results of the new slim-hole transducer are prove the performance of a new slim-hole dipole transmit- compared with that of traditional one, which shows the ter, numerical simulations are carried out in this article. feasibility of using this new slim-hole transmitter in fu- A piezoelectric bender bar with slits at two ends which is ture.

Tue 11:55 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 Indirect Collar Waves in Acoustic Logging While Drilling – (Contributed, 000044) X. Hea, X. Wangb, H. Chenc and X. Zhanga aInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, 21 North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustic,CAS, No.21 Beisihuanxi Road, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD) is an advanced sides the well-known direct collar waves propagating all geophysical exploration technique widely applied nowa- along the tool, there exists an indirect collar wave in the days. For such a down-hole acoustic measurement, the ALWD signals due to the coupling between the drill collar suppression of collar waves is the key issue, as those cylin- and the borehole. To further investigate the propagation drical guided waves along the rigid tool strongly inter- mechanism of the newly-recognized indirect collar waves, fere with signals from the penetrated formation. Previous we analytically evaluate the contributions of the poles of studies on physical insulation for the collar waves designed the characteristic function for ALWD models in the bore- on the steel collar between the source and the receiver sec- hole and in the infinite fluid, respectively. The influences tions did not bring to a satisfying solution. According to of the presence of the borehole wall on the collar wave our numerical simulation results, it is revealed that, be- propagation are discussed, based on the comparison of 82 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook collar waves in infinite fluids and in boreholes with vary- uation at different offsets in the elastic models. Although ing sizes. It is confirmed that the indirect collar waves the formation properties do not have great impacts on the are produced by the reflection echoes from the borehole tool-waves, it is still suggested that one should take the wall, and they interfere with the direct collar waves dur- borehole and the formation into account during designing ing propagation. The indirect collar waves have similar or testing the ALWD tools. The borehole wall can gener- amplitudes as the direct waves in either the time or the ate extra collar modes, which are rather strong and should frequency domain, and they do not have apparent atten- not be neglected.

Tue 12:10 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 A Broadband Sonic Logging Monopole Transducer – (Contributed, 000064) Y. Daia, Y. Zhoua, H. Hea, Z. Wanga and X. Wangb aInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Monopole sources are widely used in sonic logging field, resonant frequency of flextensional structure, transducer which can be used to extract P-wave slowness in high fre- achieves high power radiation in low frequency. When quency and to measure Stoneley wave in low frequency. works at the resonant frequency of PZT stacks, transducer A broadband monopole transducer for emission in both achieves high power radiation in high frequency. In this low frequency and high frequency is designed in this pa- design, oil filled sealing is adopted to meet the downhole per. The transducer uses Class I flextensional structure working environment. The PZT stacks are pre-stressed as its radiation surface. Flextensional structure is capable by a high strength bolt and the transducer does not use of scaling up a small vibration along the major axis to a shear vibration, which has better robustness than tradi- much bigger one along the minor axis. When works at the tional ones.

Tue 12:25 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1 Step by step inversion of anisotropy parameters using cross dipole logging data – (Contributed, 000076) H. Chena, H. Heb, X. Hec and X. Wangd aInstitute of Acoustic,CAS, No.21 Beisihuanxi Road, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, 21 North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; dInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Anisotropy determination from cross dipole sonic logging rithms. By transforming the current 3D object function to is very important in formation evaluation, especially for three 1D ones, the method can solve the slow or fast shear unconventional reservoir such as shale gas and tight gas. azimuth, the shear wave slowness difference and the fast Anisotropy can be used to identify fracture and in situ or slow shear slowness with greater accuracy, respectively stress. Now, 4 components cross dipole sonic logging is an and sequentially. Firstly, the fast shear angle is gotten effective tool to get the anisotropic parameters. To over- only using 4 components data of the same offset. Then, come Alford’s weakness, a simultaneous inversion method using the computed angle, the fast and slow shear wave had been developed. By constructing a three parameters array can be gotten easily. To minimize the two wave- function, the method can invert three anisotropic param- forms of the same offset, it is easy to solve the shear wave eters in one step. However, the method may be inefficient slowness difference. When the previous two parameters is and sometimes unreliable. A new step and step inversion determined, the fast or slow shear wave slowness can be method is set up to invert the three anisotropic parame- easily gotten using the 3D object function. The simulated ters quickly and reliably based on existing processing algo- data and the real data both validate the new algorithm.

Tue 11:00 308B Safety of Ultrasound Eﬀect on Rabbit Heart Exposure to Ultrasound with Long Pulse Duration – (Invited, 000088) I. Akiyamaa, W. Takanoa, K. Rifub, N. Takayamab, H. Sasanumab and N. Taniguchib aMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bJichi Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 83

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a delay of 200 ms from R-wave triggering. An exposure ultrasound with long pulse duration on the rabbit heart was at every four heart beats and total number of expo- with concomitant administration of the microbubbles of sure times was thirty. After the microbubbles administra- perfluorobutane. The ultrasonic pulsed waves of 1.0 ms tion, the left ventricular wall exposure to ultrasound with duration and 7 MHz frequency was applied to the heart of Mechanical Index (MI) of 1.25 induced two extrasystolic Japanese white rabbit with or without microbubbles ad- waves. The tricuspid annulus exposure to ultrasound with ministration. Sonazoid was used as microbubbles. Elec- MI of 0.84 induced five extrasystolic waves. In conclusion, trocardiographs were recorded during the whole exposure. the extrasystoles were observed in the rabbit heart expo- An experimental system with selector switch of an ultra- sure to the ultrasonic waves of MI value less than 1.9 and sonic long pulsed waves transmission system and B-mode pulse duration of 1.0 ms after the administration of con- imaging system was built to locate the exposure range in trast agents. the heart. The ultrasonic waves were transmitted after

Tue 11:25 308B Safety of Ultrasound The promotion of muscle synthesis of skeltal muscle cell exposed to ultrasound – (Contributed, 000291) W. Takanoa, M. Furuyaa, C. Okamotob, H. Ichikawab and I. Akiyamaa aMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Purpose: Sarcopenia is becoming a worldwide problem repetition time of 1 ms. The ROS produced in the cell in aged population. When sarcopenia develops, muscle culture medium was measured through electron spin reso- is reduced due to a decrease in daily activating , caus- nance (ESR) spin trapping measurements. Next, skeletal ing bedridden from injuries and fractures caused by falls, muscle cells of the mouse were exposed to ultrasound un- and reducing opportunities to move the body further, cre- der the same conditions, and the expression of p70-S6K, ating a vicious circle. Previous studies have found that a protein synthesis signal, was assessed with western blot- moderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes muscle ting. Results: The ESR signals attributable to hydroxyl protein synthesis. Therefore, focused on the fact that ul- radicals was conﬁrmed in cell culture medium under ultra- trasound exposure produces ROS, we in this study, aim to sound exposure. 150% to 170% muscle synthesis was pro- ﬁnd whether or not muscle synthesis can be promoted by moted in exposed cells compared to the condition without ultrasound exposure. Method: The cell culture medium ultrasound exposure. Conclusions: From our results, ul- was exposed to ultrasound for 180 s. The conditions of trasound exposure could promote muscle synthesis, where ultrasonic waves are frequency of 1 MHz, sound pressure the mechanism under this process is still remain unknown range of 0.36-0.81 MPa, pulse duration of 0.1 ms and pulse and needed further study.

Tue 11:40 308B Safety of Ultrasound The Eﬀect of Ultrasound with Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse on the Lung: A Preliminary Study in Rabbits – (Contributed, 000113) H. Sasanumaa, N. Takayamab, K. Rifua, W. Takanoc, Y. Ishigurod, N. Taniguchia, A. Kawarai Leford and I. Akiyamac aJichi Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan; bSaitama Medical Center of Jichi Medical University, 1- 847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, 330-8503 Saitama, Japan; cMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; dJichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate repetition time 5s, and exposure time 150s. After expo- the effect of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elas- sure, the rabbits were sacrificed and the lungs and trachea tography on organs surrounding the target. ARFI ultra- removed for gross and microscopic study. Results: Uni- sound elastography was recently introduced as a diagnos- lateral or bilateral erythematous lesions were visible on tic modality for the breast, heart, and liver. However, the the lung surface corresponding to the area of exposure in indirect effect of ultrasound with ARFI on the lung is un- all animals. Pathological study revealed alveolar hemor- known. We report lung damage induced by ultrasound rhages. Discussion: There is a potential risk of lung injury with ARFI in a rabbit lung model. Methods: A focused associated with ARFI elastography when the transducer is 2.5 MHz transducer emitting ultrasound with ARFI was directed toward the lung, especially during liver or breast placed in the subcostal region of five anesthetized rab- imaging. Lung injury may be induced at a lower exposure bits, directed at both lungs through the abdominal wall threshold. Further study is required to confirm the safety and liver. Exposure settings were varied and included: of ultrasound with ARFI in the clinical setting. mechanical index 0.62-0.80, pulse duration 1-10ms, pulse 84 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 11:55 308B Safety of Ultrasound Proteomic analysis of developmental eﬀect on medaka embryo exposed by ultrasound – (Contributed, 000288) E. Matsumotoa, K. Kawanabea, K. Yoshidab, I. Akiyamaa, M. Hirosea, M. Ikegawac and Y. Watanabed aMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bCenter for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba Univercity, 33-1 Yayoi-tyou, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan; cFaculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; dDoshisha University, 1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

It is important to study the biological effects on embryos posed with 30 kHz ultrasound to prepare samples. Pro- exposure to ultrasound from various levels of view, since teins from whole embryos of this Medaka were separated it affects the embryonic developments after the exposure. by Blue Native / SDS two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Especially, there are few cases verified diversely for one Some proteins were differentially detected with ultrasound model organism. The aim of this study is making medaka exposure. We have identified one of those altered proteins an experimental model that can be verified diversely. We as adenosylhomocysteine (AHCY), which is a key regu- have examined tissue and gene level using medaka em- lator of methyl transferase reactions. It was supported bryos. In this study, proteomic approach to identify tox- by Western blotting method, too. Ultrasound exposure icity pathways in early life stages of Japanese Medaka may affect methylation in early life stages through AHCY (Oryzias latipes). Medaka embryos ( day 4 ) were ex- expression.

Tue 11:00 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Using Quantitative Ultrasound to Probe Material, Mechanical, and Microarchitectural Properties of Trabecular Bone – (Invited, 000138) K. A. Wear USA Food and Drug Administration, Bldg 62, Room 2104, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, 20993, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Bone sonometry is a rapidly evolving diagnostic technol- tering, and longitudinal-to-longitudinal scattering (Wear, ogy for managing osteoporosis. Bone sonometers that IEEE Trans. UFFC, 55, 2418-2425, 2008). Comparison of measure ultrasound propagation through calcaneus or experimentally-measured ultrasound properties (attenua- along long bones (parallel to the long axis) have been used tion, sound speed, and backscatter coefficient) and finite- for many years. However, the Food and Drug Administra- element-analysis-derived mechanical properties in vitro tion recently cleared two new, innovative designs that mea- (n=25) indicate that ultrasound measurements provide sure ultrasound propagation perpendicular to long axes additional information regarding fracture risk beyond that of tibia (2016) and radius (2017). A basic understand- provided by bone quantity alone (Wear et al., Bone, 103, ing of wave propagation in bone is required in order to 93-101, 2017). Bone can support two longitudinal waves, compare devices based on different physical principles and which often overlap in time and frequency domains but skeletal sites. Phantom studies elucidate the relative im- can be separated using Bayesian probability theory or the portance of components of signal loss during propaga- modified least-squares Prony’s (MLSP) method (Wear et tion through bone: absorption, longitudinal-to-shear scat- al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 136, 2015-2024, 2014).

Tue 11:25 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Application of Sparse Radon Transform in Quantitative Bone Ultrasound – (Invited, 000173) L. H. Lea, T. N. Trana, K.-C. T. Nguyena and M. D. Sacchib aDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Multichannel analysis of dispersive ultrasonic energies modes lack the resolution in the transformed domain to requires a reliable mapping of the data from the discriminate wave modes. The resolving power associ- time-distance domain to the frequency-wavenumber or ated with the FT is closely linked to the spatial dimen- frequency-phase velocity domain. The mapping is usu- sion of the recorded data. This is especially true for bone ally performed with the classical 2-D Fourier transform ultrasound using guided waves where the spatial acqui- (FT). The extracted dispersion trajectories of the guided sition for an axial transmission configuration is very of- Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 85 ten restricted by the limited dimension of the ultrasound posed as an inverse problem, which allows implementa- probe, the number of channels, the irregularity of the action of the regularization strategy to enhance the focusing quisition surface, and the accessibility to the skeletal site. power. We will use l1-norm regularization to illustrate This is well documented in the literature. In 2014, we the advantages and robustness of the high-resolution RT brought the notion of Radon transform [Nguyen et al, Ul- algorithm using the simulated, ex-vivo, and in-vivo data. trasonics 54:1178-1185; Tran et al, Ultrasound Med Biol The method also accommodates unevenly-spaced records, 40:2715-2727; Tran et al, J Acoust Soc Am 136:248-259] effectively attenuates random noise, enhances the signal- to the attention of bone ultrasound community and pro- to-noise ratio, reconstructs the missing records, and im- vided a Radon-based solution to solve the resolution prob- proves the coherency of the guided wave modes. The pro- lem. In this invited presentation, we will revisit the linear posed transform presents a powerful signal enhancement high-resolution Radon transform (RT) to filter and recon- and imaging tool to process ultrasonic wavefields and ex- struct wavefields, and to image the dispersive energies of tract dispersive guided wave energies under limited aper- the recorded wavefields through long bones. The RT is ture.

Tue 11:50 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Dispersion Response of Ultrasonic Guided Modes to the Variation of Geometry and Material Properties in Cortical Bone Characterization by Semi-Analytical Finite-Element Modeling – (Contributed, 000172) T. N. Trana, L. H. Lea, M. D. Sacchib and V.-H. Nguyenc aDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1; cLaboratoire Mod´elisation et Simulation Multi Echelle UMR 8208 CNRS, Universit´eParis Est, 94400 Paris, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic assessment of long cortical bones using ax- shear-wave velocity VS (1400-2400m/s) in cortex. One ial transmission technique has gained considerable atten- parameter was varied at a time while holding the others tion over the last decade. The fundamental ultrasonic constant at their reference values. The sensitivity analysis guided modes (UGM) are consistently observed in axially- was performed in the frequency-phase velocity domain and transmitted data on long bones. The responses of UGM limited to the first eight UGM below 1MHz. hST is found to the changes of cortical thickness and elastic parameters to have insignificant influence on Mode 1, affects Modes are not well understood. The objective of this study is to 2-4 at low frequency (0.1-0.4MHz), and changes disper- investigate the dispersion sensitivity of UGM to the geom- sive characteristic of Modes 5-8 throughout the frequency etry and material characteristics of layered bone model by range. Similar phenomena were observed for hCB, except means of a semi-analytical finite-element (SAFE) simula- it affects Mode 1 for 0-0.35MHz. VPL and VPT have mod- tion. A two-dimensional simulation of guided wave prop- est impact on Mode 1 but affect the other modes at the agation in a transversely-isotropic and viscoelastic fluid- low frequency range 0-0.5 MHz. Meanwhile, VS modifies solid-fluid trilayer model has been developed using a SAFE the dispersion of all modes at all frequencies. Bone den- formulation. In this parametric study, six material prop- sity ρ does not cause any noticeable horizontal shift to erties of an elastic bone model were investigated: soft- the phase velocity spectra of the UGM. Afterwards, the tissue thickness hST (1-5mm), cortical-bone thickness hCB low-order Mode 1 is an optimal mode for the inversion of (2-7mm), bone density ρ (1400-2400kg/m3), longitudi- cortical bone thickness and elasticity due to its indepen- nal compression-wave velocity VPL (3000-4000m/s), trans- dence to soft-tissue thickness. verse compression-wave velocity VPT (2000-3000m/s), and

Tue 12:05 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Structural Dependence of Piezoelectric Signal in Cancellous Bone at an Ultrasound Frequency – (Contributed, 000094) A. Hosokawa National Institute of Technology, Akashi College, 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi, 674-8501 Akashi, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The accelerated healing of a bone fracture using low- be elucidated to enhance fracture healing. However, the intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is based on the prin- piezoelectric properties at ultrasound frequencies in bone, ciple that bone formation is driven by mechanical loads particularly in cancellous bone with a complex trabecu- on the bone. Moreover, bone formation can be accom- lar structure, have not yet been well-investigated. In this panied by piezoelectric eﬀect. Therefore, the piezoelec- study, experimental observations of piezoelectric signals tric properties in bone under ultrasound irradiation should generated in cancellous bone by an ultrasound wave were 86 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook performed using two piezoelectric cells (PE-cells), which structural parameters of porosity, mean intercept lengths corresponded to ultrasound receivers. In the PE-cells, the (MILs) of the trabecular elements, and MILs of the pore bovine cancellous bone specimens saturated with air were spaces. Both piezoelectric sensitivities of the bone speci- electrically shielded to reduce electromagnetic noise. The mens with low and high porosities tended to decrease with porosities of the bone specimens were approximately 0.7 porosity. However, the dependences of the MILs were dif- and 0.8 on spatial averages. At nine positions of each ferent in the low- and high-porosity bone specimens. This bone specimen (or PE-cell), an ultrasound burst wave at 1 was considered to be because the low- and high-porosity MHz transmitted from a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ultrasound bone specimens were mainly composed of the plate- and transmitter was irradiated, and the piezoelectric signals rod-like trabecular elements, respectively. It was therefore were observed by the PE-cell. From the observed signals, concluded that the piezoelectric signal in cancellous bone the piezoelectric sensitivities were derived with the local could largely depend on the trabecular structure.

Tue 12:20 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Induced electric potential in bone by low intensity ultrasound irradiation – (Contributed, 000283) S. Moria, M. Kuraokaa, T. Makinoa, Y. Sakataa and M. Matsukawab aDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The mechanism of ultrasonically induced electrical poten- is type I collagen, then, these results may indicate that tials in bone was experimentally studied. The piezoelec- the piezoelectricity of bone mainly comes from collagen. tricity of cortical bone was investigated in the MHz range. We also evaluated the effect of bone anisotropy on the in- The main components of bone are hydoroxyapatite (HAp) duced electric potentials. The angle between transducer and type I collagen. Then, demineralization (removal of and receiver was set at 30 degrees. For each measure- HAp) of cortical bone was carried out using EDTA (Ethy- ment, we turned the receiver of 10 degrees around its lene Diamine Tetra Acid) solutions. From the cortical axis. The induced electrical potentials of both cortical bone or the demineralized cortical bone of bovine femur, and demineralized cortical bone transducers showed max- circular plates (diameter; 10.0 mm, thickness; 1.00 mm) imum around 45, 135, 225 and 315 degrees (bone axis; 0 were fabricated. The surfaces of these plates were normal degree). Matsukawa et al. have reported that the effects to the radial axis. Using these plates as piezoelectric de- of bone anisotropy on induced electrical potentials in bone vices, we fabricated in house ultrasound transducers. In- in the MHz range considering the HAp and the collagen duced electric potentials were successfully observed in all orientation (both HAp and collagen orient along the bone bone transducers by irradiating ultrasound (10 kPapeak- axis).1 Our results also showed the simillar effects of bone peak). The maximum sensitivities of the cortical bone anisotropy. transducers were around 4.5 nV/Pa, whereas those of the demineralized cortical bone transducers were around 5.2 1S. Matsukawa et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 110, 143701 nV/Pa. The main part of the demineralized cortical bone (2017).

Tue 12:35 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization Finite Element Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy to Measure Elastic Properties of Small Animal Cortical Bone – (Invited, 000129) K. Xu, P. Dargent, P. Laugier and Q. Grimal Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale,15 rue de l’école de médecine - 75006 PARIS, 75012 Paris, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The elasticity of the cortical bone material of small ani- onant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) has been recently mals is usually measured with 3- or 4-point bending tests. developed to determine the elastic properties of highly- However, their accuracy is often questioned. More pre- attenuating anisotropic materials, such as cortical bone. cisely, Young’s modulus E is deduced from a formula valid The basic strategy of RUS is to retrieve the stiffness coeffi- only for a bending beam whose slenderness is somewhat cients which optimize the eigen-frequencies of the forward larger than that of a typical bone diaphysis. There is a model to be as close as the measured resonant frequen- clear call for an alternative measurement approach that (1) cies in the experimental spectrum. In practice, RUS has applies to small size specimens (e.g., from small animal) been exclusively used to measure cuboid bone specimens (2) provides not only Young’s modulus but also shear mod- for which the forward problem can be analytically solved. ulus and possibly information of elastic anisotropy. Res- Such specimens of regular shape can hardly be obtained Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 87 from small animal bone. In this study, we investigate the try was meshed and the eigen-frequencies were computed feasibility of applying RUS to characterize the elastic co- using the finite element method (code aster, www.code- efficients of small bone specimens with complex shapes aster.org/). A Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampling strat- which can be readily prepared from a long bone diaph- egy is used to solve the inverse problem of elasticity coeffi- ysis. A phantom made of aluminum was prepared by CNC cients determination in a Bayesian framework. The results milling. The geometry was fabricated corresponding to the illustrate the possibility of applying FE-RUS method to mid-diaphysis of a mature rabbit femur. The dimension of evaluate the elasticity of the irregular- shaped small ani- the phantom is around 5.6*4.0*7.9 mm3. The 3-D geome- mal cortical bone.

Tue 11:00 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Focus control of a liquid crystal lens using ultrasound vibration – (Contributed, 000199) D. Koyamaa, Y. Shimizua, Y. Haradaa, M. Fukuia, A. Emotoa, K. Nakamurab and M. Matsukawac aDoshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, 6100321 Kyoto, Japan; bTokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Ky- otanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Optical liquid crystal devices require transparent elec- was changed by the acoustic radiation force acting to the trodes using indium tin oxide (ITO) to apply an electric boundary between the liquid crystal layer and glass plates. voltage and control the molecular orientation. In this pa- The transmitted light through the lens was refracted by per, a variable-focus ultrasound liquid crystal lens with- the change of molecular orientation. The optical image out ITO electrodes is discussed. The lens has no mov- through the lens was observed using a microscope to inves- ing mechanical parts and consists of an annular PZT ring tigate the optical characteristics. The focal length could (outer diameter: 30 mm; inner diameter: 20 mm; thick- be controlled by the input voltage; larger input voltage ness: 1.0 mm) and a nematic liquid crystal layer with a gave shorter focal length and the lens worked as a con- thickness of 50 µm sandwiched by two circular glass plates vex lens by ultrasound excitation. Shorter response time (diameters:15 and 30 mm; thickness: 0.7 mm). By excit- could be obtained with thinner liquid crystal layer. The ing the PZT, the ﬂexural vibration mode was generated asymmetric ﬂexural vibration using the divided electrodes on the lens at the resonance frequency of 36.1 kHz, and enabled the focal control in the radial direction. the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules

Tue 11:15 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Eﬀect of thermal annealing on mechanical quality factors of poly phenylene sulﬁde under high-amplitude ultrasonic vibration – (Contributed, 000124) J. Wu, Y. Mizuno and K. Nakamura Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Our previous study has shown that poly phenylene sul- strate that, at 100◦C, the Q factor of the PPS specimen fide (PPS) provides relatively high mechanical quality fac- was 300 before annealing, and increased to 600 after an- tors (Q factors) at ultrasonic frequency among commonly- nealing for 78 hours. However, the Q factor exhibited no used functional polymers. Since PPS has semi-crystalline observable variation at annealing temperature of 80◦C. If frameworks, it is feasible to enhance its Q factors through the temperature is higher than the glass-transition tem- thermal annealing. In this study, the effectiveness was perature (90◦C-95◦C), thermal annealing is an effective experimentally verified. The experimental results demon- way to enhance Q factors of PPS.

Tue 11:30 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Phased Array for Flow Measurement – (Contributed, 000080) L. Kanga, A. Feeneyb, R. Suc, D. Linesc, A. J¨agerd, H. Wangd, Y. Arnaudova, S. N. Ramadasa, M. Kupnikd and S. Dixonb aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; cDiagnostic Sonar Ltd, Baird Road, EH54 7BX Livingston, UK; dTechnische Universit¨at Darmstadt, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 88 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

The arrival time detection probability and the measure- rays, and flow tests are carried out at different flow rates ment range of transit- time ultrasonic flow meters are un- ranging from 0 to 2500 m3/h. Experimental results in- dermined by the sound drift effect. One solution to this dicate that, with the increase of flow rate, the optimum problem is utilizing a phased-array beam steering tech- steering angle of arrays increases from 30◦ to 40.5◦ when nique to compensate the bend of the ultrasonic beams. ultrasonic beams travel upstream and decreases from 30◦ The design, the fabrication and the characterization of to 22.5◦ when ultrasonic beams travel downstream. This two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic phased arrays is in- proof-of-concept design demonstrates the potential of the vestigated in this paper. A meter body with an inner flexural ultrasonic phased array as an accurate, economic, diameter of 146 mm is machined to accommodate the ar- efficient, and robust solution for gas flow measurement.

Tue 11:45 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Directional Control of Ultrasonic Sensor Using Parabolic Radiation-type Reﬂector – (Contributed, 000238) T. Uedaa, J. Neguchib, T. Ohgob, T. Oritab and K. Saekic aGraduated School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai Chiba, 274-8501 Funabashi, Japan; bNihon Densikougaku Co., Ltd., 2-10-17 Tomatsuri Tochigi, 320-0056 Utsunomiya, Japan; cColleges of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai Chiba, 274-8501 Funabashi-Shi, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In recent years, development of a system using an ultra- without a horn. In this paper, we investigated directional sonic sensor for interrupting contact between a heavy ma- control of ultrasonic sensor using parabolic radiation-type chinery and a person is proceeding. In such a connection reﬂector. As a result, it is shown that directional con- prevention system, it is hoped that oriented control is pos- trol of 10 dB attenuation by the 0 degree output signal sible and the feeling of reception increases. However, scan- transmitted at 8 degree from 62 degree angle of on-axis is ning with a wide range is diﬃcult with an ultrasonic sensor possible.

Tue 12:00 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I – (Contributed, 000066) D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreﬀ and J. Lorenz The Phased Array Company, 9365 Allen Road, West Chester, 45069, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The total focusing method (TFM) is becoming a standard proaches. We also present results from TFMp, a method in the nondestructive testing industry. TFM generally based on an inverse problem approach. In this method, provides lower noise and higher lateral resolution than con- the purpose is to consider a specific structure of the piece ventional phased array imaging. Furthermore, TFM opens under test, contrary to the previous approaches. We as- doors to the development of a new generation of advanced sume a sparse structure, meaning that the piece under test imaging methods. In the study presented in these two contains point-like reflectors. The image is obtained by papers, we compare several advanced imaging methods. minimizing a data misfit criterion including a sparse penal- First, we present Delay-and-sum (DAS) approaches where ization term. Metrics such as lateral resolution and peak the purpose is to build each pixel by summing the contri- signal to noise ratio (PSNR), which defines the contrast, butions of each Ascan at the proper time of flight. The are used to adequately compare the methods. Migration output image is therefore focused at every pixel. These methods give a better PSNR than DAS methods and pro- methods generally give better image quality than conven- vide similar lateral resolution. The TFMp approach can tional phased-array imaging. Next, we examine migra- be combined with any method except migration and gives tion methods, which work within the wavenumber domain outstanding results for lateral resolution and PSNR com- and are known to give better image quality than DAS ap- pared to standard methods.

Tue 12:15 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part II – (Contributed, 000086) D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreﬀ and J. Lorenz The Phased Array Company, 9365 Allen Road, West Chester, 45069, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 89

The total focusing method (TFM) is becoming a standard we complete the comparison with several additional ad- in the nondestructive testing industry. Furthermore, TFM vanced imaging methods such as Adaptive TFM or Adap- has opened the doors to development of a new generation tive Advanced TFM, which can also be combined with of advanced imaging methods. This paper is complemen- TFMp. We show experimental results for diﬀerent cases tary to ICU2017/66 Towards New Imaging Methods for and begin discussing beneﬁts and limitations. This study Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I, which presents is made possible thanks to open electronic and software a comparison between SAFT, TFM, and Advanced TFM platforms ideally designed for imaging research as well as using both DAS and Migration reconstruction. In Part II, industrial applications.

Tue 13:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 3 Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media – (Contributed, 000191) A. Merkela, M. Willatzenb and J. Christensena aUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28916 Legan´es (madrid), Spain; bDepartment of Photonics Engi- neering, Technical University of Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In conventional media that obey time-reversal symmetry, taking advantage of the acousto-electric effect in the small- the wave propagation is known to be reciprocal and the signal limit, including thermoelastic and lattice dynamical sound travels symmetrically in the sense that, when ex- losses, we show how a pronounced electron-phonon cou- cited at one point A, the resulting acoustic flux received pling in a linear piezoelectric media under electrical bias at one point B is the same as the one received at the can generate full elastic isolation while keeping the wave- point A when excited at the point B. Engineering the non- front shape quasi intact, without frequency conversion, in reciprocity for the wave propagation is not only challeng- the passing direction. As a result, we design a nonrecip- ing and fascinating from a physics stand point, but in- rocal linear ultrasonic isolator of large bandwidth, high evitable in countless areas including noise control, energy contrast ratio, and high power transmission efficiency in harvesting, and transducer technology in general, and it the passing direction [2]. opens new horizons in acoustic signal processing and imag- [1] S.A. Cummer, J. Christensen, and A. Alu, Controlling ing in the absence of parasitic and destructive backscat- sound with acoustic metamaterials, Nat. Rev. Mat. 9 tering [1]. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a fully dy- (2016) 16001. [2] A. Merkel, M. Willatzen and J. Chris- namical approach towards complete ultrasonic isolation in tensen, Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media, a piezo-phononic media (piezoelectric semiconductor). By submittted.

Tue 13:15 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 3 Breaking acoustic reciprocity using deformation mechanism – (Contributed, 000251) T. Devauxa, A. Cebrecosb, O. Richouxb, V. Pagneuxb and V. Tournatb aFaculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Realizing wave devices able to demonstrate asymmetric ized for the case of acoustic waves, where, depending on transmission became a real challenge in the last decades. the excitation direction, the trilayer becomes a water- The two most commun solutions introduce nonlinear fre- solid bi-layer. Experimental parametric study shows a quency transformation or an external energy bias in the giant asymmetry ratio (up to 10ˆ 6) between transmit- system to break the reciprocity in the system. Neverthe- ted energy in both propagation directions. Interestingly, less, they are not promising for data processing applica- the device has good transmission without wave distortion tions due to the distortion process involved or the sup- and tunable broadband characteristics. Based on the de- ply energy needed. Here, we are overcoming these limits formation mechanism concept, the device is extended to by proposing a new approach consisting of a propagation demonstrate complex wave operations through an acous- medium deformation induced by the travelling wave. As a tical switch device. Breaking the reciprocity opens new proof of concept, an experimental demonstration is shown capabilities for information processing and for improving to illustrate the concept feasibility. Using the radiation acoustic imaging. pressure eﬀect, a tri-layer water-air-solid has been real- 90 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 13:30 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 3 Simulation of gigahertz plate waves in elastic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000217) M. Tomodaa, K. Fujitab, K. Inagakib, O. Matsudaa, O. B. Wrighta and V. E. Gusevc aHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; cLe Mans Universit´e, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Elastic metamaterials that have negative effective den- by use of the commercial finite-element software COM- sity and negative effective modulus over a particular fre- SOL Multiphysics. Owing to the resonance properties quency range have been proposed by many groups. In of the unit cells, the proposed metamaterials show neg- particular, elastic metamaterials for compressional plate ative group velocities or phononic bandgaps over given waves were recently demonstrated by R. Zhu et al. (Na- frequency ranges. In the simulations, we create meta- ture Comm., 2014). In addition, V.E. Gusev and O.B. material structures in the form of right-angle triangular Wright theoretically proposed structures based on double- prisms, in which we observe negative refraction in the negative metamaterials for flexural plate waves (New J. double-negative frequency ranges and strong damping in Phys., 2014). Following on from these works, we design the single-negative frequency ranges. In future, we plan to nanoscale elastic metamaterials both for compressional fabricate samples of these metamaterials in order to image and for flexural plate waves at GHz frequencies. These plate-wave propagation at micron-spatial and picosecond- sub-wavelength scale metamaterial structures can be fab- temporal resolutions by use of a time-domain surface-wave ricated by nanomachining techniques such as drilling nar- imaging method based on an optical ultrafast pump-probe row slits periodically into silicon slabs. We calculate their technique. dispersion relations and simulate plate wave propagation

Tue 13:45 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 3 Gradient metamaterial matching layer for ultrasonic transducers – (Contributed, 000106) J. Zhu Hong Kong Polytechnic University, FG603, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 00000 Hung Hom, Hong Kong Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

New generation of high-quality single crystal broadband dow to support extraordinary transmission of ultrasound ultrasound transducers provides superior imaging perfor- over spectrum. The actual matching layer sample is fabri- mance in ultrasonography. It requires proper design to cated by etching the silica optical ﬁbre bundles. We even perfectly bridge the energy between the active piezoelec- tested an ultrasound transducer equipped with this acous- tric material and the target medium over the operating tic metamaterial matching layer. The measurement re- spectrum. In this talk, we would like to introduce a sults show that the corresponding −6dB bandwidth is able anisotropic cone-structured acoustic metamaterial match- to reach over 100%. We hope this new matching layer de- ing layer with gradient acoustic impedance along the ul- sign can enable new single crystal piezoelectric materials trasound propagation direction. This type of acoustic in the construction of high-performance ultrasound trans- metamaterial matching layer provides a broadband win- ducers and probes.

Tue 13:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Eﬀect of microstructural evolution on acoustic nonlinear response of ultrasonic waves in solid media – (Invited, 000072) Y. Choa and W. Lib aPusan National Univ., School of Mechanical Engineering, 2, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea; bXiamen University, South Siming Road, 422, Xiamen, 361005 Xiamen, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The effect of material microstructural evolution on ultra- hance effect of various micro-structural damages on the sonic nonlinear response of rolled copper and brass under acoustic nonlinearity are studied in the specimens. It is various heat treatments is examined in this work. Mi- shown that grain boundaries are the main sources of non- crostructural evolution in the specimens is artificially con- linearity in this specimens, and an obvious decrease of trolled by rolled processes and heat treatments. The en- nonlinear response with the increase of grain size is found Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 91 in this investigation. The experimental results indicate linear response. However, the use of ultrasonic nonlinear micro-structural damages like, dislocations, elastic defor- response can not be simply employed to evaluate material mations and the residual stresses may degrade the ma- damage level without considerations of grain size varia- terial properties seriously, and enhance the acoustic non- tions in the specimen.

Tue 13:25 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Leakage noises in valves – (Contributed, 000118) A. Rondeau, E. Lafargue and F. Cartier Chpolansky, 3 rue Angiboust, 91460 Marcoussis, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Fluid leaks (gas, liquid or diphasic) in industrial facilities tras, model WDI-AST, at a frequency ranging from 150 represent a financial cost due to substance losses, a safety to 950 kHz. To measure flowrate, a calorimetric flowme- problem due to explosion and contamination hazards, and ter, with a measurement range from 25 to 500 L.min-1, a risk of environmental pollution when chemical products was used. The acoustic signatures of leaks were measured are dumped into the wild. To improve leak detection and and a correlation between the acoustic puissance and the obtain information about the leak flowrate, a test bench flowrate was established. The surrounding noise of an in- composed of ducts and valves was set up. Internal leaks dustrial site, due to operation of devices (pump, compres- were produced by valve opening. The studied fluid was sor, valve, ...), can interfere with the diagnostic of the air at an absolute pressure of 7 bar and at ambient tem- analysed valve. Thus, a signal processing, using wavelet perature (25◦C). To avoid contamination by surrounding transform, was carried out to differentiate the leak noise noise, the facility was suspended with rubber membranes. from the background noise which was experimentally sim- Ultrasonic sounds, generated by the studied leak, were ulated. These preliminary studies allowed us to test our measured as a function of the flowrate. To do this, an ac- sensors, our acquisition system and our mathematical al- quisition system was developed to acquire, simultaneously, gorithms. Currently, we are moving onto the next step. data from four measurement channels at a maximum fre- Indeed, we are setting up a facility to study a wide range quency of 4 MHz. The acoustic emission was measured by of additional numbers (Reynold and Mach) including val- means of four broadband piezo-electric sensors from Mis- ues obtained in industrial sites.

Tue 13:40 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Validation of the first prototype high temperature ultrasonic sensor for gas composition measurement – (Contributed, 000136) O. Gatsaa, E. Rosenkrantzb, D. Fourmentelc, C. Destouchesc, P. Combetteb and J.-Y. Ferrandisa aCNRS, IES, UMR 5214, 860, rue Saint Priest Bâtiment 5, 34090 Montpellier, France; bUniversity Montpellier, IES, UMR 5214, 860, rue Saint Priest Bâtiment 5, 34090 Montpellier, France; cDEN/DER/SPEx/LDC, CEA Cadarache, St Paul lez Durance, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The measurement of substances mixtures properties by ul- substrate by screen printing technique. Sodium Bismuth trasonic approach represents a high interest for industrial Titanate (NBT) was used as active material. Studies on sector. In particular, the evaluation of fission gas mixtures dielectric properties and impedances behaviors as function in nuclear combustion rod under harsh temperature and of temperature confirm the sensor use in the range of up to radiative environment is of a great interest for fuel charac- 400◦C. Realized device was integrated into a sealed cavity. terization and notably lifetime optimization. Previously, Gas mixtures were successfully characterized at room tem- an acoustic sensor for in situ fission gases (mainly He and perature conditions in a sealed cavity allowing pressure up He-Xe mixtures) measurements was developed in our labo- to 70 bars. ratory and tested under experimental condition in OSIRIS reactor (Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Com- [1] Rosenkrantz, E., Ferrandis, J. Y., Augereau, F., Lam- mission facility). Its operational temperature was limited bert, T., Fourmentel, D., & Tiratay, X. (2013). An Innova- by 200◦C [1]. In this paper, a first prototype for mea- tive Acoustic Sensor for In-Pile Fission Gas Composition surement in the temperature range from 300 to 400◦C is Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, presented. Piezoelectric material was deposit on alumina 60(2), 1346-1353. 92 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 13:55 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Low Frequency Ultrasonic Collimated Beam Generation from Piezoelectric Transducers – (Contributed, 000194) V. K. Chillaraa, C. Panteab and D. Sinhab aLos Alamos National Laboratory, 3000 Trinity Dr Apt 83, Los Alamos, 87544-2337, USA; bLos Alamos National Laboratory, E202, TA03, Bldg 40, Los Alamos, 87545, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Collimated beams propagate with little or no angular i.e, in the range (40-500 kHz). The design utilizes the nat- spread. Directed nature of these beams can be exploited ural vibration pattern of the radial modes of piezo-discs for a variety of applications. In particular, ultrasonic col- to generate collimated beams. We first present numeri- limated beams find significant applications in subsurface cal studies that discuss the vibration and ultrasonic beam imaging for borehole integrity, short range communica- propagation characteristics of these transducers. Then, tion, and underwater acoustics. Typically, such beams are we discuss some experimental results and finally conclude generated at high frequencies (>1 MHz) using a patterned with a discussion on the potential use of this novel design acoustic source like a piezoelectric transducer. Here, we for a borehole integrity evaluation and imaging applica- present the design of a novel acoustic source that is capable tion. of generating collimated acoustic beams at low-frequencies

Tue 14:10 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Development of High Speed Inversion Technique for the Characterization of Full-Field Material Prop- erties Based on Quantitative Laser Ultrasound Visualization System – (Contributed, 000202) S.-P. Tseng and C.-H. Yang National Taipei Univ. of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., 106 Taipei, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic guided waves become an important tool for tant tools to improve the computation efficiency. First nondestructive evaluation of structures and components. graphic procession unit (GPU) with large amount of cores Guided waves are used for the purpose of identifying de- are introduced. Furthermore, combining the CPU and fects or evaluating material properties in a nondestruc- GPU cores, parallel procession scheme is developed for tive way. While guided waves are applied for evaluating the inversion of full-field mechanical properties based on material properties, instead of knowing the properties di- the QLUVS data. The newly developed inversion scheme rectly, preliminary signals such as time domain signals or is applied to investigate the computation efficiency for frequency domain spectra are first revealed. With the single-layered and double-layered plate-like samples. The measured ultrasound data, inversion calculation can be computation efficiency is shown to be 80 times faster than further employed to obtain the desired mechanical prop- unparalleled computation scheme. This research demon- erties. The quantitative laser ultrasound visualization strates a high speed inversion technique for the charac- system (QLUVS) employs a mirror-controlled scanning terization of full-field material properties based on quan- pulsed laser to generate guided acoustic waves traveling in titative laser ultrasound visualization system. Significant a two-dimensional target. Guided waves are detected with computation efficiency is shown, however not reaching the a piezoelectric transducer located at a fixed location. With limit yet. Further improvement can be reached by improv- a gyro-scanning of the generation source, the QLUVS has ing the parallel computation. The developed high speed the advantage of fast, full-field and quantitative inspec- computation scheme is ready for applications where full- tion. The QLUVS and inversion process have been inves- field mechanical properties are needed in a nondestructive tigated before, however, suffer the drawback of excessive and nearly real-time way. computation time. This research introduces two impor-

Tue 14:25 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Imaging the Adhesion Quality of a 255nm Tungsten Thin Film With a Silicon Substrate Using Picosec- ond Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000219) A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon Neta, Rue Fran¸cois Mitterand, 33400 Talence, France, Metropolitan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 93

Acoustic waves in the gigahertz or terahertz frequency the capability of such tools, in term of non-destructive range allow mechanical characterization of structures with testing, will be demonstrated with the help of a cartog- nanometric resolution. Generation and detection of these raphy which illustrates the adhesion quality of a 255nm acoustic waves can be performed by the use of femtosecond tungsten thin ﬁlm deposited on a Silicon substrate. Mea- lasers in pump-probe setups. surement procedure and the signal processing which have In this presentation, these kinds of setups and the theory been used to obtain the cartography will be also presented beyond measurements will be shortly presented. Then, and discussed.

Tue 14:40 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2 Development of Acoustical Microscopy System with Ultra High Resolution for Micro/Nano Structure Inspection – (Contributed, 000220) I. Park, T. Park and D. Kwak SeoulTech, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, 01811 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Micro/nano technology has been constantly developed in characteristics of leaky surface acoustic wave on thin film. the field of microelectronics in the recent years. It is still Consequently, we verified the possibility to evaluate and promising technology to be developed in the future. But, diagnosis the micro/nano structure through measuring the precision diagnosis method which is applied to the mi- velocity of leaky surface acoustic wave and its dispersion cro/nano structure is not sufficient to be used in the in- characteristics. Then, after the performance verification of dustry fields yet. So, we proposed a diagnosis technique to acoustic microscopy sensor, multi-axis control scan algo- evaluate the micro/nano structure nondestructively with rithm, data acquisition and signal processing software will high resolution using acoustic microscopy system and var- be developed as a core component of the system. This ious researches are on the way. In this study, calculation developed acoustical microscopy system will be used to of dispersion curves and velocity of leaky surface acous- develop diagnosis/inspection techniques for hidden dam- tic wave and fabrication of thin film specimen were car- ages in micro/nano structure and the technique will go ried out to analysis and verify propagation behavior of the through experimental verification of the reliability. wave on thin film structure. We confirmed the dispersion

Tue 13:00 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Elastic Waves in Magnetogranular Metamaterials – (Invited, 000221) G. Theocharis LAUM-CNRS, Universit´edu Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Granular crystals are artificially structured materials con- physics of granular crystals. Emphasis will be placed on sist of closely packed arrays of elastic particles. This type the role of particle rotations that has been ignored in many of metamaterials can manipulate and control elastic waves studies and which lead to richer wave dynamics. (2) Sec- in ways that are not possible in conventional solid mate- ondly, to present you novel wave phenomena coming from rials. It is an exciting and rapidly expanding topic in the the interplay of geometry and nonlinearity. Our exper- field of physical acoustics that, more than 20 years now imental vehicle for the study of the above will be mag- offered a perfect test bed for fundamental studies of non- netogranular metamaterials, namely granular-based struc- linear dynamics including solitary waves, breathers, non- tures/devices composed of stainless steel spherical beads linear energy transfer and chaos as well as different engi- in contact, under a suitable designed magnetic field. The neering applications like tunable waveguiding, shock- and wave dynamics of one-dimensional and L-shaped waveg- energy-absorbing layers and acoustic diodes. uides will be presented in details while some preliminary The main objectives of this talk are: (1) on the one hand results for two- dimensional magnetogranular structures to present our current better understanding of the wave will be also described.

Tue 13:25 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Acoustic waves in Freestanding Silicon Structures and Applications to Thermal Engineering and Op- tomechanics – (Invited, 000226) J. Mairea, D. Navarro-Urriosa, M. Sledzinskaa, B. Graczykowskib, E. Ch´avez Angela, F. Alzinaa, R. Anufrievc, M. Nomurac and C. M. Sotomayor-Torresa 94 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

aICN2, Ediﬁci ICN2, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; bMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany; cInstitute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Phonon dynamics affect a wide range of materials proper- brane thickness can reduce this lifetime by as much as ties, among which optical and electrical transport. With three orders of magnitude down to 5 ps. the development of optical fiber communications and integrated information processing tools, acoustic phonons Then, we show two types of possible applications of these have been gathering growing interest. Without focus- acoustic waves: nanoscale thermal engineering and oping specifically on these applications, but on the intrin- tomechanics. Indeed, knowing the properties of these sic properties of these acoustic phonons, we have investi- waves become increasingly important for thermal trans- gated silicon nanostructures and we show some techniques port as temperature decreases. This has been shown used to characterize surface acoustic waves and confined theoretically, including simulations based on first princi- phonon modes. ple calculations and molecular dynamics, but also exper- In particular, we show how Brillouin light scattering can imentally, with GHz phonons becoming relevant to ther- be used to experimentally investigate confined phonon mal transport at cryogenic temperatures in nanowires and modes in thin membranes and reconstruct the phonon dis- phononic crystals. Lastly, we show how phonons can be persion relation in a variety of 1D and 2D systems. In all used to perform information processing, via the optome- the systems investigated, e.g. membranes, but also hole chanical interaction for example. We have demonstrated and pillar based phononic crystals, experimental results the generation of self-sustained coherent acoustic waves, agree with finite elements simulations, showing a decrease both in a dual optical- mechanical cavity, and in the whole in the group velocity of few- GHz modes. Additionally, a freestanding structure. We show how this building block, femtosecond pump-probe technique can be used to mea- coupled to transmission via a waveguide, will lead to the sure the lifetime of these phonons, showing how the mem- creation of phononic circuits.

Tue 13:50 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Continuum Elasticity Modeling of Long-wavelength Acoustic Vibrations of Quasi-2D Structures and Micro-tubules – (Contributed, 000004) A. G. Everya, D. Liub and D. Tomanekb aUniversity of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, 1 Jan Smuts Ave., Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; bMichigan State University, Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A continuum elasticity approach is used to model the vi- scribes the observed dependence of the radial breathing brations of quasi-2D structures such as graphene and phos- mode frequency on the diameter of carbon fullerines and phorene, and by extension the vibrations of micro-tubules nanotubes. Further, we derive simple quantitative expres- such as carbon nanotubes. This sidesteps the drawback sions for the long-wavelength longitudinal, torsional and of atomistic calculations of the long wavelength acoustic flexural modes of micro-tubules. 1. D. Liu, A. G. Every modes of atomically thin layers, which are known to con- and D. Tomanek, Continuum Approach for Soft Acous- verge very slowly. By ascribing a (3x3) elastic matrix and tic Phonons in Quasi-2D Structures, Phys. Rev. B 94, flexural rigidity to a thin layer, we are able to derive sim- 165432 (2016). doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.165432 2. ple expressions for the linear dispersion of the longitudinal D. Liu, A. G. Every and D. Tomanek, Long-wavelength and shear modes and the quadratic dispersion of the flex- Vibrational Modes in Empty and Liquid-filled Tubules: ural modes. The calculated spectra accurately reproduce A Theoretical Study, Phys. Rev. B 95, 205407 (2017). observed and calculated long-wavelength phonon spectra doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.205407 of graphene and phosphorene. Our approach correctly de-

Tue 14:05 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Mechanical Anisotropy of Plant Cell Walls Studied by Laser Generated Guided Acoustic Waves – (Contributed, 000243) M. Abi Ghanema, L. Khoryatib, N. Boechlerc and T. Dehouxd aUniversity of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; bBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; cUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; dUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon1 - CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 95

Cell expansion plays a central role in plant growth. In media. In this technique, two excitation pulses are crossed most plants, cell expansion is anisotropic owing to a pref- at the sample surface, forming an optical interference pat- erential orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in the wall. tern. Absorption of the excitation light generates counter- However, a full assessment of the mechanical anisotropy propagating acoustic modes with a wavelength defined by of plant cell walls remains a challenge and how the ori- the spatially periodic interference pattern. The measured entation of the microfibrils affects the mechanical prop- dispersion curves reveal the presence of Rayleigh-Lamb erties of the cell walls is still an open question. In this modes, typical of propagating guided acoustic waves in work, we investigate the anisotropy of the fibrillar network supported films. By tracking their dispersion as a func- in micron-thick cell walls using laser generated, sub-GHz tion of cell orientation, we find angular-dependent phase guided acoustic waves. velocities. From the measured dispersion, we extract the We probe the mechanical anisotropy of onion cell walls, anisotropic mechanical properties of the cell wall. Our mainly composed of highly oriented cellulose microfib- findings provide new insights for the understanding of the rils, which are embedded in a hydrated gel-like matrix of molecular mechanisms underlying plant mechanics and pectins. We utilize transient grating spectroscopy, a non- morphogenesis. We anticipate that these studies, will invasive laser ultrasonic technique widely used to study enable innovative strategies to design bioinspired devices surface and guided acoustic waves in soft and anisotropic with tailored structural anisotropy.

Tue 14:20 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics Ritz-Rayleigh Approach: Numerical Calculation of Guided- Wave Properties – (Contributed, 000139) T. Grabeca, P. Sedl´akb, H. Seinerb and M. Landab aNuclear Physics Institute, Reˆz130,ˇ 250 68 Reˆz,ˇ Czech Republic; bInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolej˘skova 1402/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A calculation of guided-wave propagation can turn into eigenvectors, which leads to fast calculation. Due to the a cumbersome task when a higher-level anisotropy or a variability in boundary conditions, the same approach can general direction is considered. The Ritz-Rayleigh ap- be used for calculation of broad spectrum of wave prob- proach offers a fast method to calculate the velocity of lems, such as the spatial dispersion of velocities of surface guided waves propagating in a general direction through a acoustic waves, or the frequency dispersion of Lamb waves medium of any symmetry class. First, a computational in anisotropic plates. Moreover, it is suitable for calcula- domain with the desired material properties is chosen. tions of propagation and dispersion in a layered media by The boundary conditions imposed on the domain are set introducing a layer of with different properties on top of according to the type of wave investigated. Then, reso- the basic domain and adding the appropriate connecting nances of such domain are calculated using the Hamilton’s condition. This makes the Ritz-Rayleigh approach a valu- principle, i.e., by locating the stationary points of the La- able tool for a broad variety of uses. In this contribution, grangian energy of the body. To calculate this numerically, the approach is presented in more detail and its capabili- the displacement field is discretized into a basis of Legen- ties are illustrated on selected cases – characterization of dre polynomials and trigonometric functions. The whole strongly anisotropic Fe-Pd single crystal, and micrometric approach thus allows the conversion from solving the wave Ni-Ti film. equation into a problem of searching for eigenvalues and

Tue 14:35 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics How to Induce Dynamic Fracture by Focusing Flexural Waves – (Contributed, 000212) V. Van Gemmeren, B. Zybach and J. Dual Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Flexural waves in beams are highly dispersive, causing a Here, we utilize the dispersion of flexural waves and the propagating broadband wavelet to spread in space and superposition of multiple reflections to spatiotemporally time (1 ). This property has been used in non-destructive focus strain energy in a beam and thereby induce precisely testing applications to locate defects in tubes requiring controlled dynamic fracture. An electromechanical trans- only circumferential measurements (2 ), as well as in beams ducer excites flexural waves at one end of a finite glass (3 ) and plates (4 ) relying only on a one point measure- beam over a relatively long duration of time. The waves ment. This was achieved by using the time reversal prin- focus at a narrow spot in space and time to produce a ciple (5 ) to retrace the propagation path of the measured high amplitude bending moment pulse, which causes the waves. fracturing of the glass beam. The excitation signal for 96 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook the transducer is the optimal composition of 31 distinct 2. T. Leutenegger, J. Dual, Non-destructive testing of wavelets, for which up to 30 reflections are taken into ac- tubes using a time reverse numerical simulation (TRNS) count. Each of these wavelets is determined in a time method. Ultrasonics 41, 811-822 (2004). reversed spectral element simulation. In experiments, the 3. R. Ernst, J. Dual, Quantitative guided wave testing by bending moment at the focal point was found to be 20 applying the time reversal principle on dispersive waves in times larger than the maximum moment produced by the beams. Wave Motion 58, 259-280 (2015). transducer. 4. R. Ernst, F. Zwimpfer, J. Dual, One sensor acoustic emission localization in plates. Ultrasonics 64, 139-150 References (2016). 1. K. F. Graff, Wave Motion in Elastic Solids (Clarendon 5. M. Fink, Time reversed acoustics. Physics Today 50, Press, Oxford, 1975). 34-40 (1997).

Tue 13:00 307B Thermo-acoustics Fundamental study on the eﬀect of the change in the cross- sectional area on the straight-tube-type thermoacoustic prime mover – (Invited, 000144) S.-I. Sakamoto, T. Wada and T. Saito University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We have been researched thermoacoustic systems for a inside diameter of the system was set to 3 types of about practical use. We have been researched to increase the en- 24, 42, 100 mm. The system was filled with air at atmo- ergy conversion efficiency of heat and sound, research to spheric pressure. Thermoacoustic self-sustaind sound was oscillate at low temperature, and so on. For a practical use generated by inputting heat with an electric heater. The , it is also necessary to increase the output energy. In this sound pressure distribution in the system was measured. report, the relationship between the output energy and Using the pressure measurement result, the sound field in the cross-sectional area of the system was investigated. the system was estimated by the 2 sensor method. It was Experiments were conducted using a straight-tube-type found that the sound field varies depending on the cross thermoacoustic prime mover. The total length of the sys- sectional area at same input energy. The larger the cross- tem was 1530 mm. The system was constructed with a sectional area, the lower the sound pressure at a certain stainless steel tube. A 900- cell/in2 honeycomb ceramic point. was used as the stack. The stack length was 50 mm. The

Tue 13:25 307B Thermo-acoustics Investigation on Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of an Open-Air Traveling-Wave Thermoacoustic Generator – (Contributed, 000083) X. Xie, S. Yang, F. Liu and Q. Li Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The acoustic radiation impedance of an Open-air resonator versus frequency were measured and compared Traveling-wave ThermoAcoustic Generator (OTTAG) in an anechoic chamber, a semi anechoic chamber and a composed of a looped tube and a resonator was theo- normal room. The directivity as a function of polar an- retically described. The acoustic radiation characteristics gle from 0 to 360 was present under the optimized dimen- versus diﬀerent resonator types and input heating pow- sions. The maximum sound pressure level was up to 100dB ers of this OTTAG are experimentally investigated, which ref 20`ıPa. This OTTAG would be used as a newly basic veriﬁed the theoretical model. Furthermore, the sound acoustic source for low frequency and long-range noise ex- pressure level at 1m far away from the open end of the periments and industrial sources and vibration.

Tue 13:40 307B Thermo-acoustics Optimizations of an Open-air Traveling-wave Thermoacoustic Generator – (Contributed, 000236) F. Liu, X. Xie, S. Yang and Q. Li Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 97

According to the study, the Gedeon streaming and the safety and reliability. The Gedeon streaming also can be heat transfer capability have a huge impact on the per- inhibited by a rubber membrane above the main cold heat formance of the open-air traveling-wave thermoacoustic exchanger in the ring. The experimental results show that generator. Based on the existing system, A new heater, the optimizations are useful and signiﬁcant. The acoustic diﬀerent from the traditional structure, was designed and pressure at the open end of the resonator is expected to tested to enhance heat transfer capability and improves reach 140 dB-SPL from 133 dB-SPL.

Tue 13:55 307B Thermo-acoustics Eﬀect of temperature distribution of the stack on heat ﬂow in standing-wave thermoacoustic-system – (Contributed, 000259) M. Sugimotoa, S.-I. Sakamotob and Y. Watanabec aDoshisha Univ., 1-3Miyakodani,Tatara,kyotanabeshi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bUniversity of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The temperature difference between both ends of the stack the action of heat flow by adjusting the internal temper- has been studied. However, there are few studies on the in- ature of the stack. First, the stack can be divided into ternal temperature of the stack. The internal temperature two parts, from the cold end to the middle and from the of the stack is expected to affect the mutual conversion of middle to the hot end, which can make the change in heat heat flow and work flow. Therefore, another heater was flow easier to understand. Secondly, it is possible to con- installed inside the stack. This heater realized adjustment trol the heat flow by adjusting the internal temperature of of the internal temperature of the stack. For the ther- the stack. The stack was installed at a position where the moacoustic system of the standing wave, previous studies sound pressure increased, and the hot end was set as the have confirmed an increase in the amount of work flow direction with the larger sound pressure. As a result, un- generation by raising internal temperature of the stack. der the experimental conditions of this time, the heat flow Hence, it is necessary to consider the relationship between from the cold end to the hot one of the stack increased. the internal temperature of the stack and the heat flow. The heat flow can be controlled by adjusting the internal In this report, the effect of the adjustment of the internal temperature of the stack. It is thought heat flow acted to temperature of the stack on the heat flow was experimen- keep the temperature difference between both ends of the tally investigated. There are two advantages of examining stack.

Tue 14:10 307B Thermo-acoustics Eﬀect of acoustic impedance on a thermoacoustic system using a Heat Phase Adjuster – (Contributed, 000266) H. Morishitaa, S.-I. Sakamotob, K. Shirakia and Y. Watanabea aDoshisha University, 1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bUniversity of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In order to control resonance mode and improve the energy term of the acoustics, a prime mover was removed from conversion efficiency of loop-tube-type thermoacoustic en- the thermoacoustic tube. Sound fields at each mode were gines, we have proposed locally heating method, as called realized by using a loudspeaker set at the tube. As the a Heat Phase Adjuster (HPA). The HPA has following ad- results, it is confirmed that the directions of the acoustic vantages, those are, it can change the input heat quantity intensity flow are depended and controlled by the HPA. externally, and it is easy to change the setting position. It is also confirmed that the sound fields are changed to In previous study, it is reported that using a HPA en- create the fine-enough mode. In this condition, the acous- ables to control the resonance mode of the loop-tube-type tic impedance shows the maximum value in front of the thermoacoustic system, and the resonance modes are de- sound source. This result indicates that the sound field pended on the position of the HPA. However, a determin- of the thermoacoustic system can be controlled by using ing of the positioning factor has not been clear. In this the HPA. As the above results, the HPA is the powerful report, the determining of the positioning factor for the device for the designing and controlling of the thermoa- resonance mode of the thermoacoustic system using the coustic system. HPA is experimentally investigated. In order to regard in 98 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 13:00 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Cavitation generating and utilizing exposure sequence for focused ultrasound treatment – (Invited, 000019) S.-I. Umemura and S. Yoshizawa Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic cavitation is known to enhance bioeffects of ul- for sustaining and utilizing it for either thermal or sono- trasound in many ways. It not only enhances the thermal chemical effect. The effectiveness of the proposed sequence as well as mechanical effects significantly, but also can in- to enhance ultrasonic heating was demonstrated first in an duce even sonochemical effects. These bioeffects should optically transparent gel containing albumin and then in be useful for therapeutic applications of ultrasound if cav- an excised mammalian tissue. Several times larger vol- itation can be generated in a well-controlled manner. Re- ume was thermally coagulated by the proposed sequence cently, it was shown that a short focused ultrasound pulse than the moderately intense bursts alone. The generation at an extremely high acoustic pressure, typically shorter of cavitation microbubbles in the gel was confirmed by and higher than the order of 0.1 ms and 10 MPa, respec- a high-speed camera as well as ultrasonic echo imaging, tively, can generate cavitation selectively in the focal zone and it was confirmed by the latter in the tissue. The ef- with enough reproducibility to treat tissues. We have fectiveness of the proposed sequence to induce sonochem- proposed ”Trigger HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultra- ical reaction was demonstrated first in an aqueous solu- sound)” exposure sequence consisting of such short ex- tion and then in an optically transparent gel. An order of tremely intense pulses and immediately following moder- magnitude higher sonochemical yield was obtained by the ately intense HIFU bursts to generate and utilize cavi- proposed sequence than the extremely intense pulses alone tation microbubbles, respectively. This sequence can be while no yield for the moderately intense bursts alone. The energy efficient because extremely intense ultrasound is localization of sonochemical reaction in the focal zone was only needed for generating cavitation and not necessary confirmed by the sonochemiluminescence of luminol.

Tue 13:25 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery to Tumours using Sub-Micron Cavitation Nuclei and Passive Acoustic Mapping – (Invited, 000248) C. C. Coussiosa, C. Coviellob, C. Mannarisa, P. Kattia and R. Carlislea aInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; bOxSonics Ltd, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, OX4 4GA Oxford, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The tumour microenvironment makes the delivery of can- these particles are shown to enhance the delivery and eﬃ- cer therapeutics, particularly biologics such as viruses or cacy of both oncolytic viruses and other immuno-oncology antibodies, particularly challenging. Sustained inertial agents, including therapeutic antibodies, in a variety of cavitation has been shown to enable enhanced transport small-animal models. Furthermore, a dual-array Passive of macromolecular drugs across the endothelium and their Acoustic Mapping (PAM) technique using advanced ro- improved distribution throughout the tumour. However, bust capon beamforming algorithms makes it possible to the use of microbubbles as cavitation nuclei conﬁnes this monitor and localize cavitation-enhanced delivery in real enhanced transport to the perivascular space. A new time with a spatial resolution of hundreds of microns. In generation of sub-micron cavitation nuclei have been de- preliminary survival studies, the level and spatial extent of veloped, which stabilize a nanobubble on a hemispher- inertial cavitation activity throughout the tumour is found ical polymeric shell and are small enough to penetrate to be potentially predictive of therapeutic response. the tumour mass. Simply co-administered with the drug,

Tue 13:50 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Triplet Pulse Sequence for Cavitation Bubble Imaging in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment – (Contributed, 000132) R. Iwasakia, R. Nagaokab, S. Yoshizawab and S.-I. Umemurab aTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 99

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment is at- tion is also eliminated so that selectivity of microbubbles tracting interest as a low invasive therapeutic modality should be improved. Experiments using an excised chicken mainly for cancers. A long treatment time is a problem in breast tissue were performed immediately after transmit- this modality. To overcome it, we have proposed utilizing ting extremely intense HIFU pulses to generate cavitation acoustic cavitation bubbles to enhance ultrasonic heating. bubbles, moderate HIFU bursts was intermittently trans- Since cavitation may damage normal tissues, spatiotempo- mitted. Echo signals were acquired by high-speed ultra- ral monitoring of bubbles generation is needed to ensure sonic imaging during the intermittent periods. In both the safety as well as effectiveness of such treatment. In summed echoes obtained by PI and the triplet pulse se- this study, we investigated an imaging method specific to quence, respectively, the fundamental components were cavitation bubbles using a triplet pulse sequence, which significantly suppressed in comparison with the echo of is expected to be superior in detecting microbubbles se- single transmission. Unlike PI sequence, the second har- lectively. A triplet pulse sequence is a harmonic imaging monics were also significantly reduced in the triplet pulse technique, in which even harmonic components as well sequence. In 2D images reconstructed from the obtained as fundamental components are suppressed by summing echo signals, cavitation bubbles were most clearly depicted echoes obtained by transmitting three pulses with similar in the triplet pulse sequence among the tested sequences envelope and a phase shift by 120◦. Unlike a pulse inver- including PI and single transmission. The results suggest sion (PI) sequence using two pulses with opposite phases, that a triplet pulse sequence is effective for specifically the second harmonics generated by nonlinear propaga- detecting cavitation bubbles.

Tue 14:05 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Eﬀect of focal shape control on stone erosion rate using cavitation bubbles – (Contributed, 000233) T. Yuraa, M. Lafondb, S. Yoshizawac and S.-I. Umemurac aTohoku University, Graduate School of Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; cTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We have proposed using high-intensity focused ultrasound cantly attenuate the succeeding HIFU wave. To solve this (HIFU) to generate acoustic cavitation in a highly con- problem, we propose an exposure sequence switching be- trolled manner for fragmenting kidney stones into much tween a single spot and Sector Vortex annular focus. The smaller pieces than shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). In the remaining cavitation cloud generated by the single spot fo- focal region of HIFU, intense negative pressure of ultra- cusing is expected not to significantly attenuate the wave sound can induce cavitation microbubbles, which are able of the Sector Vortex annular focusing. Experiments were to damage the hard surface of kidney stones. However, the performed using a transducer in the driving frequency of stone erosion rate by HIFU has been significantly lower 1 MHz and the focal length of 120 mm with 128 channel than that by SWL. Much lower negative than positive elements, which can be driven independently in various peak amplitudes of focal pressure due to nonlinear propa- focusing schemes. Model stones with Vickers hardness of gation of HIFU is the primary cause of the problem. In ad- 95.9±20.1 HV were set in a water tank and exposed to dition, once cavitation bubbles are formed on the surface HIFU from the transducer. The stone erosion rate by the of the stone, they reflect the positive peak enhanced wave switching sequence was significantly higher than the rate and convert it to a negative peak enhanced wave generat- by either single spot or annular focus alone. ing a large cloud of cavitation microbubbles, which signifi-

Tue 14:20 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy Comparison of spatial distribution characteristics of shock wave pressure ﬁeld and cavitation bubble cloud – (Contributed, 000316) G. Kanga, O. Kwona, J.S. Huhb and M. J. Choic aJeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Biomedical Engineering Lab, #214-1, School of Med., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; bJeju National University Hospital, 15, Aran 13-gil, Department of Urology, 63241 Jeju, Republic of Korea; cJeju National University, Medical College, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Purpose : This study aims to compare the spatial char- Methods : Cavitation bubble cloud images were acquired acteristics of the cavitation bubble cloud and shockwave using micro pulsed LED light with 150us exposure time pressure field. and CCD camera, and images were accumulated after re- peated several acquisitions. The shock wave field was mea- 100 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook sured using an fiber optic probe hydrophone and an acous- area, it was formed as relatively small bubbles. Outside tic field scanning system to compare with the distribution the focal area, very small bubbles were sparsely observed. of cavitation bubbles. Conclusion : Cavitation bubbles produced by a single shock wave pulse are highly correlated with the shock wave Results and Discussion : After shock wave device was trig- pressure at exposed location since there is no positional gered, cavitation bubbles were generated and visualized movement with time during its lifetime. Therefore, the during 150us light exposure and were collapsed at the same distribution of cavitation bubble is similar to the spatial position where they were generated. Most of the bubbles characteristics of the shock wave pressure field. It is pos- are concentrated in the focal region of the shock wave. sible to qualitatively analyze the shock wave pressure field The largest bubbles were observed at the peak negative by observing the cavitation bubble cloud which is difficult pressure position in the focal area In the remaining focal to measure.

Tue 13:00 309 Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2 Towards the Goal of High Resolution, Low Noise, Low Variance Shear Wave Elastography – (Invited, 000308) S. McAleavey Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound, University of Rochester, 309 Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627-0168, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Shear wave elastography, often described as a non-invasive resolution shear wave elastography will be described, with method for quantifying mechanical properties of tissue, a discussion of potential clinical utility. Viscoelasticity oﬀers information about tissue unseen in conventional ul- complicates quantitative shear wave elastography, as shear trasound images. While the principle is straightforward wave speed is frequency dependent, and simple estimation - excite a shear wave and measure its propagation speed of group wave speed yields system-dependent results. A - there are signiﬁcant challenges in reducing this data to STL approach to viscoelasticity estimation (STL-VE) is a quantitative estimate of an underlying tissue property developed, which yields estimates with markedly reduced independent of the measurement system. This contribu- sensitivity to system parameters. Finally, the non-linear tion will consider sources of measurement variance, and mechanical properties of tissue make shear wave speeds de- describe strategies our laboratory is developing for their pendent on tissue strain. This acts both as a complication minimization. Speckle bias is a source of coherent noise in when the strain is unknown, but also as a potential con- shear wave elastography that grows with increasing spa- trast source when strains can be measured. We describe tial resolution. The single tracking location (STL) ap- early experiments with a robotic system for constant-force proach to eliminating this noise source and enabling high shear wave speed imaging.

Tue 13:25 309 Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2 Ultrasound Strain Elastography to Detect Placenta Diseases – (Invited, 000023) C. H. Yapa, S. N. Sawa, J. Y. R. Lowa, C. N. Z. Mattarb, A. Biswasb and L. Chenc aNational University of Singapore, 8 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, 117583 Singapore, Singapore; bNational University Hospital Systems, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; cSingapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, 487372 Singapore, Singapore Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recently, ultrasound strain elastography (USEL) has been ticity and stiffness. Next, we performed in vitro evalu- investigated as a tool for detecting placenta diseases. We ation of using USEL to quantitatively measure placenta explore the use of USEL on one such disease, intrauterine stiffness, using a novel protocol that included two key fea- growth restriction (IUGR), which is a prevalent (3-15%) tures. Firstly, we used an external polymeric pad of known placenta vasculopathy causing sufficient oxygen and nutri- stiffness as the reference layer, thus avoiding the need to ents transfer to the baby, and which leads to 5-10x higher use maternal fats tissues as the reference layer. The latter mortality and devastating life-long morbidities. It is im- is the current implementation of placenta USEL in clini- portant to detect IUGR so that management strategy can cal studies, and has the shortcoming of fats tissues having improve outcome, but current detection rate for IUGR is significant variable mechanical properties from one person poor, and USEL may improve this. We first performed to the next. Secondly, we utilized motorized control of direct mechanical testing between normal and IUGR pla- the USEL palpation instead of freehand/manual control. centa, using post-delivery samples, and verified that me- Since placenta tissue is viscoelastic, different compression chanical properties alters sufficiently during disease to be rate will lead to different material stiffness, and since it has feasible for USEL detection, both in terms of viscoelas- a non-linear stress-strain behaviour, different compression Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 101 depth will lead to different elastography results. Thus direct mechanical testing validation, that motorized USEL standardizing the compression rate and depth with USEL reduced measurement variability by 67% compared to free- palpation will reduce these inaccuracies and imprecision. hand USEL, and that there are specific compression rate Results showed that our protocol could correlate well with and depth where USEL accuracy is enhanced.

Tue 13:50 309 Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2 Ultrasound-based carotid elastography for detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques validated by magnetic resonance imaging – (Contributed, 000169) J. Luo Tsinghua University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, 100084 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: luo{_}[email protected]

Ultrasound-based carotid elastography has been devel- the deformation distribution pattern. Composition mea- oped to estimate the mechanical properties of atheroscle- surement with magnetic resonance imaging identified 30 rotic plaques. The objective of this study was to evaluate plaques as vulnerable and the other 50 as stable. The four the in vivo capability of carotid elastography in vulnera- textural features, as well as the magnitude of strain rate ble plaque detection using high-resolution magnetic reso- images, significantly differed between the two groups of nance imaging as reference. Ultrasound radiofrequency plaques. The best performing features for plaque classifi- data were acquired in 80 carotid plaques from 52 pa- cation were found to be the contrast and 99th percentile of tients, mainly in the longitudinal imaging view, and ax- the absolute strain rate, with a comparative area under the ial strain rate images were estimated with an ultrasound receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81; a slightly carotid elastography technique based on an optical flow al- higher maximum accuracy of plaque classification can be gorithm. Elastographic indices based on the magnitude of achieved by the textural feature of contrast (83.8% vs. the absolute strain rate, such as the maximum, mean, me- 81.3%). The results indicate that the use of elastography- dian, standard deviation and 99th percentile of the axial derived indices in plaque classification is feasible and that strain rate, were obtained as indicators for plaque clas- larger local deformations and higher level of complexity in sification. In addition, four textural features of strain deformation patterns (associated with the elastic or stiff- rate images, i.e., contrast, homogeneity, correlation and ness heterogeneity of plaque tissues) are more likely to angular second moment, were derived based on the gray- occur in vulnerable plaques. level co-occurrence matrix in plaque regions to quantify

Tue 14:05 309 Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2 Ultra-high Frequency Shear wave elastogrpahy for Human Finger Tendon – (Contributed, 000274) C.-C. Huang and Y.-Y. Hsiao National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The stiffness of hand tendon is highly relative to hand the vibration transmit to skin surface, transducer record functionality. In many research, shear wave elastography shear wave propagation with acquisition time 50 msec (200 is an effective way to evaluate tendon elasticity on differ- frames) at a 4000 Hz repetition rate. Wave propagation ent position. However, some tendon with a few of mm video was computed from the difference between received thickness require high frequency ultrasound with high res- IQ signals in each frame and then processed by directional olution. The purpose of the study is to obtain human filter to eliminate reflected wave for different tissue lay- finger tendon elasticity map using high frequency ultra- ers. The shear wave velocity can be obtained by normalize sound elastography. The experiment method is transient cross correlation. Finally, tissue stiffness distribution was elastography. External vibrator connected with 40MHz converted from velocity map according to the relationship ultrasound array transducer to generate vibration. When between shear wave velocity and young’s modulus.

Tue 15:00 304A Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø The underwater sounds of precipitation – (Invited, 000049) L. A. Crum Retired, 4662 175th AVE SE, Brllevue, 98006, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 102 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

When an impacting raindrop strikes the surface of a pud- little is known about these patterns and the eﬀect of ex- dle of water, the ”plunk” that we hear is familiar to us pected global warming on the distribution and intensity all. Yet, for over a century, the origin of this noise had of precipitation. We discovered that the origin of most of either been unknown or misunderstood. In our general the noise of impacting raindrops, hailstones and, yes, even studies of ambient noise in the ocean, my colleagues and snowﬂakes, is a gas bubble that is entrained during im- I undertook an investigation of the underwater sounds of pact. When I shared my thoughts on this topic with Leif precipitation in order that we might use background noise Bjorno, he enthusiastically got involved and we published measurements to monitor global precipitation patterns. some interesting papers on the subject. In this presenta- Because the great majority of precipitation occurs over tion, I will review this topic in general and relate some of the oceans, where weather stations are sparsely located, my impressions of this great man.

Tue 15:25 304A Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø Nonlinear Problems in the Generation, Propagation and Measurement of High Intensity Ultrasonic Waves in Air – (Invited, 000112) J.A. Gallego-Ju´areza, E. Rieraa and L. Gaete-Garret´onb aITEFI ”L. Torres Quevedo”, CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid Madrid, Spain; bUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This paper in memory of Leif Bjorno deals with the non- the other hand the power capacity of the sources is also linear acoustic problems linked to high-intensity ultrason- limited by nonlinear effects such as the modal interactions ics, an area that he deeply cultivated. The generation, and fatigue failure of its components. Finally, the charac- propagation and measurement of high intensity ultrasonic terization and measurement of the acoustic field of finite waves in air is highly conditioned by the nonlinearities amplitude waves by means of probes of very small diam- that are inherent with high intensities such as wave dis- eter with respect to the wavelength poses specific issues tortion and saturation. Particularly in air the propagation on the signal capture and the distortion introduced by of high-intensity ultrasonic waves is greatly affected by the the probe itself. All these problems will be reported and strong non-linearity introduced by the medium itself which analysed in this paper in light of the experimental work notably limits the attainable acoustic pressure levels. On developed, partly in collaboration with Leif Bjorno.

Tue 15:50 304A Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø Leif Bjørnø and International Ultrasonics Conferences – (Invited, 000329) W. Sachse Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1502, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Leif Bjørnø was an essential force from near the beginning Congress on Ultrasonics, (ICU) which we have now. Leif of the Ultrasonics International (UI) conference series in Bjørnø and others played an essential role in these devel- 1972. And he was a key person in 1993 in formulating opments. the ideas for the World Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU). While the UI conferences continued, the WCU held sep- In 2009 the Board of the ICU had the idea that a his- arate conferences six times. But by 2009 it became clear tory of these conferences would be a useful document and to Leif Bjørnø and others that a merger of the UI con- asked Leif Bjørnø and Wolfgang Sachse to prepare such. ferences and the WCU conferences into one conference It is still not complete but this talk will provide historical series would be beneﬁcial to the world-wide ultrasonics insight to the international ultrasonics conference we have community. The result of this merger is the International today.

Tue 16:15 304A Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø Professor Leif Bjørnø - Recollection – (Invited, 000330) B. Linde and A. Sliwi´nski´ University of Gdansk, Bazynskiego 8, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 103

A short recollection on more than 50 years of authors’ and duly appreciate his contributions and achievements contacts and cooperation with Professor Leif Bjørnø in the in acoustics. It has been a great loss of such an eminent ﬁeld of ultrasonics and hydroacoustics is presented. He has scientist for our acoustics community. He will long be re- been the highly recognized within the Polish acousticians membered as a wonderful man and a good friend for all of who had opportunity to host him in Poland many times us.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Acoustic Impedance Imaging Conversion From B mode (Detection of early aging alteration in human facial skin) – (Contributed, 000043) Y. Oguraa, T. Kondob, T. W. Cheanc, S. Yoshidab, K. Kobayashid, N. Hozumib and O. Yukia ashiseido global innovation center, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan; bToyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan; cToyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Indonesia; dHonda Electronics, 20 koyamazuka ooiwa-cho toyohashi, 441- 3193 Toyohashi, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

B-mode is a traditional method to diagnosis from the mor- of both analysis methods respectively. Some good results phology based on reflection intensity of the echo. In this are obtained and hence both methods showed possibility study, we examined the conversion of B-mode image into in studying acoustic properties of B-mode images. And we acoustic impedance image (B to Z). Time domain reflec- also found that this method was able to observe the early tometry theory and transmission line model are used as aging changes in human facial skin. That is the younger reference in the calculation. The theoretical background subjects have a more uniform distribution of acoustic of B to Z method is similar to Z to B method. However impedance than elder subject. These results clearly in- the calculation is in the opposite way. Significant scatter, dicate that this method is highly promising for evaluation refraction and attenuation were assumed to be not taking of early age-dependent structural alteration which was dif- place thorough propagation of ultrasonic wave and hence ficult with B-mode measurement, and provide a new diag- they were ignored in both calculations. In this report, nostic method for human facial skin. human cheek skin was used to determine the feasibility

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Ultrasound heating induced in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles – (Contributed, 000077) A. Jozefczak, K. Kaczmarek, T. Hornowski and R. Bielas Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

One of the medical applications of ultrasound is the thera- ticles (SPIONs) coated with a biocompatible shell. The peutic heating of tissue - hyperthermia and ablation ther- objective of this study is to assess the utility of magnetic apies. The effectiveness of ultrasonic irradiation in ther- nanoparticles usage during ultrasound hyperthermia due mal therapy can be significantly improved by using the so- to enhancement of heating at low powers. The effect of called sonosensitizers dispersed in heating tissue. It hap- SPIONs concentration on heating rate was experimentally pens because they greatly increase attenuation of ultra- and theoretically investigated in tissue-mimicking phan- sonic waves and then dissipate this acquired energy in the tom using an ultrasound system with planar transducer. form of additional heat. One possible candidate for such This work was supported by a Polish National Science sonosensitizers are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanopar- Centre grant, no DEC-2015/17/B/ST7/03566.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Implementation of backend processing system for real-time intravascular ultrasound imaging – (Contributed, 000137) J.-W. Parka and J. H. Changb,c,d aSogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, K205A, 35, Baekbeom-ro, KS013 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; dSogang Institutes of Advanced Tech- nology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 104 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging systems are gen- gate array (FPGA) to operate without signal processing erally equipped with either 20 MHz or 40 MHz ultrasound errors at 250 MHz. In particular, a new implementation transducers. Recently, IVUS transducers with a center strategy for DSC was developed to reduce hardware logic frequency higher than 60 MHz have been developed to size as well as decrease operating time, thus reducing the improve spatial resolution. To take full advantage of the logic size to 12.5%. The accuracy of the developed system high frequency IVUS transducers in clinics, IVUS imaging was verified by comparing the image data computed by a systems should be compact and their backend processing MATLAB program with those from the system; the differ- system should be able to extract clinically useful informa- ence between the two data sets was zero. Additionally, the tion from echo samples digitized at a sampling frequency processing time of this system was measured at 33 frames of 250 MHz or higher. In this presentation, we report a re- per second under the conditions of 1024 scanlines and 250 cently developed real-time backend processing system that MHz clock frequency. As a result, the real-time backend consists of DC-canceller, digital time gain compensator processing system was developed using as few hardware (DTGC), envelope detector, logarithmic compressor, and logic as possible, so that it is suitable for small size IVUS digital scan converter. This backend processing system systems operating at 250 MHz or higher. was designed and implemented in a field programmable

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Design of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer transducers for intravascular ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging – (Contributed, 000145) S. Parka, J. Leeb and J. H. Changb,c,d aSogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, K205A, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; dSogang Institutes of Advanced Technology, Sogang Univer- sity, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is conducted by In the proposed dual-layer transducer, a PZT-based ultra- inserting a high-frequency (> 20 MHz) ultrasound trans- sound generator is placed on the lower layer and a PVDF- ducer into a blood vessel and rotating it to obtain im- based second harmonic receiver is on the upper layer. To age data. For accurate diagnosis of atherosclerosis, IVUS secure the required imaging depth, the ultrasound gen- imaging should be capable of high spatial resolution (< erator was designed for a center frequency of 31 MHz. 65 µm) and deep imaging depth (> 4 mm). However, The center frequency of the receiver was determined at 78 ultrasound imaging depth is generally decreased as ultra- MHz. The unique structure of the proposed transducer is sound frequency increases although spatial resolution is that the PVDF acts as an acoustic matching layer for the improved. Tissue harmonic imaging techniques may be PZT as well as a receiver because its acoustic impedance is used to achieve both requirements. The problem here about 2.52 Mrayls. FEM simulation results showed that is that it is impractical to use a tissue harmonic imag- the PZT-based generator has the ability to produce 30 ing technique for IVUS imaging because the general IVUS MHz ultrasound and the PVDF-based receiver is capable transducers have a narrow bandwidth, such as a fraction of receiving a suﬃciently large second harmonic signal of bandwidth less than 50%. In this presentation, we show 70 MHz for tissue harmonic imaging. As a future work, the possibility of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer trans- we will fabricate the designed dual-layer transducer and ducers for IVUS tissue harmonic imaging through ﬁnite verify its performance through phantom imaging and ex element method (FEM) simulation. vivo experiments.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Prediction and Measurement of Temperature Rise Induced by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms – (Contributed, 000146) K. I. Leea, H. S. Kangb and S. W. Yoonc aKangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; bSungKyunKwan University, 2066, SEOBU-RO, JANGAN-GU, KS002 Suwon, Republic of Korea; cSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 105

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been suc- and the temperature rise induced by HIFU in tissue- cessfully used to destroy pathological tissue deep inside mimicking phantoms was simulated by solving Pennes’ the body without any damage to the surrounding normal bioheat transfer (BHT) equation. In order to verify the tissue. Viscous absorption of the acoustic energy within simulation results, we performed in-vitro thermal ablation the focal volume induces high temperatures at the focal experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms in water by us- spot, and the volume of destroyed tissue is referred to as ing a single-element, spherically focused HIFU transducer. a lesion. The present study aims to predict the tempera- The temperature rise near the focal spot predicted from ture rise induced by HIFU in tissues to ensure the safety the HIFU simulator showed good agreement with those and efficacy of HIFU thermal therapies. With the help of from the in-vitro experiments. This confirms that the a MATLAB-based software package developed for HIFU HIFU simulator based on the KZK and the BHT equa- simulation, the HIFU field in water was simulated by solv- tions captures the temperature rise induced by HIFU in ing the axisymmetric Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov tissues well enough to make it suitable for HIFU treatment (KZK) equation from the frequency-domain perspective, planning.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Multi-angular vector ﬂow imaging (mVFI) for accurate, reliable vector Doppler estimation – (Contributed, 000156) J. H. Jeonga, S. Yeoa, C. Yoonb and T.-K. Songa aSogang University, R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bUnje University, 197 Inje-ro, Eobang-dong, A-110, 50834 Gimhae, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasound vector ﬂow imaging (VFI) has shown promis- itations, but it reduces a pulse repetition frequency by a ing potential in cardiovascular applications. However, pre- factor of the number of compounding angles. Thus, this vious VFI methods used a single plane wave excitation at study introduces a compounding strategy in VFI referred each tilted angle (typically, -10◦Æ and 10◦Æ), limiting to as multi-angular VFI (mVFI) to utilize the beneﬁts of the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of VFI. Plane plane wave compounding in VFI while maintaining the wave compounding frequently used in shear wave electrog- PRF. raphy and ultrafast Doppler imaging overcomes these lim-

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with thin tube phantom using CT-based skull aberration correction: a preliminary study – (Contributed, 000176) C. Jina, C. W. Jinb and J. Parka aDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 701-310 701-310, Republic of Korea; bDaegu- Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea, 701-310 Daegu, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The passive acoustic mapping (PAM) using an array skull-specific aberration to corresponding array element receiver allows to images bubbles activity without the was computed prior to the PAM. A coherent factor was synchronized interaction with therapeutic systems. The combined to the time exposure acoustic (TEA) mapping impedance mismatching between skull bone and water, algorithm in order to suppress the incoherence signals. As or brain tissue, significantly alters the phase of the emit- the simulation result, an average of 0.8 mm source shift ted bubble signals. The compensation of skull-induced by skull was compensated to less than 0.2 mm using CT aberration is desirable to improve the feasibility of tran- based TcPAM. The spatial correlation between peak pixel scranial PAM (TcPAM). To visualize the microbubble os- location in reconstructed TcPAM and tube cross-section cillation through human skull noninvasively, we present in ultrasound imaging which scanned prior to the skull a CT-based compensation to correct skull induced aber- placement was quantified. The result suggests that Tc- ration to TcPAM. In the present work, acoustic cavita- PAM can effectively compensate the localization error on tion from activated micro-bubble fluid in a thin tube was lateral axis. The proposed TcPAM approach can provide recorded using a conventional linear ultrasound-imaging a physically accurate framework for developing a compre- probe. A collected human skull cap was placed between hensive treatment guidance for therapeutic applications cavitation source and receiver array. The skull and linear of acoustic cavitation in the brain. The real-time TcPAM array was fastened on a 3D printed holder and a 3D CT and in-vivo animal experiment will be carried in the future scan was performed for later registration. The CT-based study. 106 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Lens design simulation and fabrication of Carbon Nano Tube transducer for transcranial applications – (Contributed, 000232) C. Leea, D.-G. Paengb and K. Hac aJeju National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; bJeju National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; cPukyong National University, Department of Physics, Pukyong National Univ., 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recently, laser-generated a carbon nanotube (CNT) trans- field. Continuous wave of 1MHz was sonicated from the ducer was known to generate shock waves which could focused transducer for simulation. Results show that the be transmitted through the human skull. In this study, focal distance is 5.6cm with maximum pressure of 3.04Pa we propose a skull-specific acoustic lens design for a fo- and the major and minor axes of the focus are 0.25cm cused CNT transducer. This study is a proof-of-concept and 0.095cm, respectively, in a free field. The focus was for acoustic lens design using PZFlex software. Focused shifted toward the transducer surface by 0.66cm with half CNT transducer radius curvature is 5cm with #F=0.62. of peak pressure and the major and minor axes are larger The square part of the cortical skull layer of a thickness to 0.375cm and 0.11cm, respectively. With the lens, focus of 2mm was located 3.3cm away from the transducer sur- was moved closer toward the free field focal distance with face and its density of 2800kg/m3 and sound speed of 3000 relatively larger peak pressure and its major and minor m/s and attenuation of np/cm at 1MHz which were com- axes of 0.26cm and 0.09cm, respectively. The proof-of- puted from Computed Tomography (CT) data was used. concept simulation results demonstrated that the skull- The shape of the acoustic lens was designed using a plas- specific acoustic lens could be designed to compensate the tic material, TPX-DX845 and its density and sound speed focal distortion. In the future, fabrication of the acoustic are 2220m/s and 830kg/m3, respectively. The focal change lens optimized by simulation, the experimental measure- was observed after transmission of the skull with and with- ment will be performed by focused CNT transducer with out the acoustic lens and compared with the focus in a free the optimized lens.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Diﬀerence of Acoustic Emission Eignal between Transcranial and Skull-less Brain while Blood-Brain Barrier Dsruption in a Rat Brain – (Contributed, 000253) Y. Hur, M. Han, J. Yang, C. Jin and J. Park Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 701-310 701-310, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Focused ultrasound(FUS) with microbubbles could dis- The stable cavitation dose with subharmonic index and rupt blood-brain barrier (BBB) non-thermally and non- SNR calculated by MR ROI were used as consistent fac- invasively. Monitoring transcranial cavitation signal is tor. The quantification of cavitation index and SNR in this considered as an essential technology to safely disrupt study is based on the detected signals, emitted by acoustic BBB without brain damage. In this study, we have de- cavitation and BBB disruption. The loss of acoustic emis- tected the cavitation signal between transcranial brain sion index attenuated acoustic pressure by rat skull had a and skull-less brain while FUS-induced BBB disruption. strength of 2.28 at caudate putamen with skull, 8.4 cau- A preclinical MR-guided FUS system (RK-100, FUS In- date putamen without skull, 3.8 thalamus with skull, 6.7 struments, Toronto, Canada) system was used to disrupt thalamus without skull. And according to different vari- BBB in rat brain. Two targets in brain (caudate puta- ation, snr of two region is 17.1 at caudate putamen with men, thalamus) were sonicated with spherically curved fo- skull, 25.3 caudate putamen without skull, 19.5 thalamus cused transducer (1.1 MHz resonant frequency). While with skull, 22.9 thalamus without skull. In conclusion, disrupting the BBB, cavitation signals were also detected each region shows that difference acoustic emission and by sharply tuned passive cavitation detector (PCD, res- BBB opening depending on the degree of skull attenua- onant frequency 550 kHz). In addition, BBB disruption tion in the brain region. Further study,the attenuation of measured by T1-weighted and T2-weigthed MR images the CT-based skull data according to the brain region is with 9.4 preclinical MRI (BioSpec 94/20 USR, Bruker, measured and the correlation between the acoustic cavi- Billerica, MA, USA) was facilitated as image guidance for tation and the brain region will be investigated. the FUS system. We had a success all induced regions. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 107

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Transmit Sequence Optimization for Motion Corrected 3D Diverging Wave Compounding: A Simula- tion Study – (Contributed, 000256) Y. Chena, J. D’Hoogeb and J. Luoa aTsinghua University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, 100084 Beijing, China; bKU Leuven, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Corresponding author E-mail: luo{_}[email protected]

High frame rate volumetric imaging based on 3D diverg- trip” scan sequence was designed to estimate the Doppler ing wave compounding (DWC) was recently demonstrated velocity by combining the phase shifts obtained in the to be feasible. However, when visualizing moving targets, forward and backward trips respectively. Four scan se- the image quality deteriorates quickly due to phase in- quences (i.e., Spiral, Parallel, Diagonal and Random) were coherence in the compounding process. To mitigate this tested by imaging a cystic phantom in a static state and problem, a Doppler-based motion-compensation (MoCo) in motion along the axial direction at 10 cm/s, respec- method was recently proposed for DWC in 2D, where a tively. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the cystic ”triangular” transmit sequence was used to limit side-lobe region was quantified before and after MoCo. In static coherence while ensuring robust motion estimates. Un- conditions, the CNR was 5.74 for all sequences tested. Al- fortunately, the extension of such method to 3D is not though the images deteriorated to a different extent for straightforward. The aim of this study was therefore to different sequences, they were successfully restored with contrast different scan sequences by computer simulations MoCo. The CNRs increased from [4.10, 2.19, 3.65, 3.65] in order to enable MoCo in 3D DWC. A 32×32 element to [4.63, 4.88, 5.39, 4.37] after MoCo for the Spiral, Paral- matrix array was simulated in Field II. For DWC, an array lel, Diagonal and Random sequences respectively. To con- of 5×5 virtual sources was placed behind the probe, with clude, several ”round-trip” scan sequences were shown to each source corresponding to a 16×16 effective transmit enable Doppler-based MoCo 3D DWC. And the Diagonal- sub-aperture and generating a 3D diverging wave with a shape configuration obtained the best performance. 60◦ opening angle. In analogy to 2D DWC, a ”round-

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Characteristics of high intensity and high frequency ultrasonic transducers using hydrothermal epitaxial piezoelectric ﬁlms – (Contributed, 000286) M. Ishikawaa, Y. Uchidaa, T. Shiraishib, M. Tabaruc, H. Funakuboc and M. Kurosawac aToin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kuoroganecho Aobaku Yokohama, 225-8503 Yokohama, Japan; bInstitute for Materials Re- search, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan; cTokyo Institute of Technology, J2-1508, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502 Yokohama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The ultrasonic transducer using hydrothermal piezoelec- ally, cavitation occurred on ultrasonic propagation area by tric films has excellent characteristics for large vibration high intensity ultrasonic radiation. Moreover, a relatively velocity driving and high intensity ultrasonic radiation in rapid rectilinear acoustic streaming was appeared when water. The vibration velocity of surface of the piezo- prototype ultrasonic transducer drove with applied volt- electric films was measured by LDV at thickness vibra- age of continuous wave. A laminar velocity was approxi- tion mode. And then, radiated ultrasound pressure from mately 4mm/s in water. Therefore an acoustic radiation the prototype ultrasonic transducer was measured by hy- pressure from prototype ultrasonic transducer was calcu- drophone at the resonance frequency of thickness vibration lated and the resultant was 230kPa. These results were mode. The amplitude of vibration velocity was 4m/s at very high intensity at high frequency. Consequently the resonant frequency. This vibration velocity was very large hydrothermal KNbO3 thick film is usefulness for medical value compared by the other piezoelectric materials. And applications. And the reason of why it is able to radi- the radiation ultrasound-pressure was 4MPa at 10 MHz. ate for high intensity ultrasound at high frequency will be This value was very high ultrasound and enough value for discussed in this presentation. several high intensity ultrasonic applications. Addition-

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound A Preliminary Study To Investigate The Accuracy Of Ultrasound To Assess Alveolar Bone Level – (Contributed, 000301) K.-C. T. Nguyena, L. H. Lea, N. R. Kaipaturb, E. H. Louc and M. W. Majorb aDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of 108 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9; cDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Periodontal disease is an endemic gum disease showing junction to alveolar bone crest was measured at the fa- increasing prevalence with age and aﬀecting up to 90% cial surface close to the lip. The ultrasound scanning on of the world population. Severe periodontitis results in the mandibles was performed using a medical ultrasonic eventual tooth loss due to gradual weakening and loss of phased array system (SonixTablet, Analogic, Canada) tooth- supporting periodontium. Periodontal disease sta- with a 20-MHz 128-element probe. Then the samples were tus can be monitored by invasive and non-invasive clinical scanned by a micro-CT scanner (SkyScan 1176, Bruker techniques. The invasive methods tend to cause iatro- Micro-CT, Belgium) with 18-µm resolution setting. It was genic damage to gingival tissues. The conventional non- followed by direct using a digital caliper with a resolution invasive methods, such as X-ray imaging and CBCT, in- of 0.01 mm. The micro-CT and ultrasound measurements crease patient’s radiation risk due to exposure to ionizing were performed using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Medix- radiation. Ultrasonography uses high-frequency mechan- ant, Poland). The absolute mean error percentages be- ical waves to study internal structures. Besides the ad- tween ultrasound and direct measurement/micro-CT were vantages of portability and cost-eﬀectiveness, ultrasound 4.7% and 2.6%, respectively. This study was conducted to technique has no ionizing radiation. The objective of this investigate the accuracy of phased array high-frequency ul- preliminary work is to examine the accuracy of ultrasound trasound as a diagnostic tool for periodontal assessment. technique in evaluating the alveolar bone level against The preliminary results demonstrate a strong agreement the gold standards - direct measurement and micro-CT. of ultrasound with the direct measurement and micro-CT. Four center incisors were harvested from two 6-month- old A larger sample size is required to further validate the re- porcine mandibles. The distance from cemento-enamel liability of the ultrasound method in the future studies.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Liver Tumor: Model Development and Simulation – (Contributed, 000321) S. Maxima and T. W. Sheub aNational Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan; bNational Taiwan University, Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

High intensity focused ultrasound is a rapidly developing of acoustics wave propagation in heterogeneous medium is technology for the ablation of tumors. Liver cancer is one very time consuming task, the high- perfomance solver us- of the most common malignancies worldwide. Since liver ing multiple GPUs has been developed. has a large number of blood vessels, blood flow cooling can For the validation of the proposed numerical model in-vivo reduce the necrosed volume and may cause regeneration animal experiments have been performed. Importance of of the tumor to occur. Another problem is associated with blood flow cooling on the temperature elevation during the presence of the rib cage and propagation of ultrasound focused ultrasound therapy has been studied both numer- through inhomogeneous medium. ically and experimentally. It was found that in large blood A three dimensional computational model is presented for vessel both convective cooling and acoustic streaming can the treatment planning of liver tumor ablation in a pa- change the temperature considerably near blood vessel. tient specific geometry. The proposed model comprises the The whole tumor ablation took only 30 seconds in the nonlinear Westervelt equation with relaxation effects be- considered simulation case, which is very small comparing ing taken into account and bioheat equations in liver and with the current treatment time of several hours. Through blood vessels. The nonlinear hemodynamic equations are this study we are convinced that high ultrasound power also considered with the convected cooling and acoustic and nonlinear propagation effects with appropriate treat- streaming effects being taken into account. Since modeling ment planning can sufficiently reduce the treatment time.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound Visualization Experiment of Frequency Dependent Attenuation of Tissue by Multi-Spectral Phase- Contrast Imaging – (Contributed, 000324) S. Ishikuraa, N. Tagawab, M. Yoshizawac and T. Iried aTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan; bTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan; cTokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, 8-17-1 Minamisenju Arakawa-ku Tokyo, Japan, 191-8523 Tokyo, Japan; dMicrosonic Co, Ltd., 3-10-18 Hontyou Kokubunji-shi Tokyo Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 109

185-0012 Japan, 185-8523 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The current pathologic diagnosis is very time consuming diagnosis, more information must be displayed in the im- until results are known. In particular, pathological exami- age to make it possible to distinguish cancer tissue from nation during surgery increases the burden on the patient normal tissue. As is well known, the frequency depen- because it needs to be examined microscopically after cell dence of scattering depends on the shape and distribution staining. Therefore, in the medical field, shortening of of the scatterer. In addition, the frequency dependence the operation time and reduction of the number of oper- of attenuation due to viscosity and elasticity depends on ations are required. In order to solve this problem, we the type of elastic body and the amount of oil contained are developing a puncture needle-type ultrasonic micro- therein. The ability to display difference in frequency scope system that enables real time definite diagnosis of dependence as images can provide useful information for tissue by endoscopic ultrasonic examination. We previ- pathological diagnosis. In this study, a demonstration ex- ously demonstrated an imaging method to determine the periment of the multispectral phase-contrast imaging of phase difference of the acoustic complex impedance. This acoustic impedance was performed using processed meat imaging method is based on the phase contrast microscopy as a sample similar to the living tissue assumed for clinical as a principle and makes it possible to observe cells with- application. out staining. To use this imaging method for pathological

Tue 15:00 306 Emerging Fields Side-Lobe Suppression for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Sensors Attached on the Back Side of Automobile Bumpers – (Contributed, 000092) K. Ibata, R. Hara, T. Kimura, Y. Nishioka, N. Yoneda and S. Inoue MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION, 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura, 247-8501 Kanagawa, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recently, preventive safety systems for automobiles such pearance because the radiation surface of the ultrasonic as collision avoidance and parking assistance systems have sensor is easily visible from the outside. For these rea- evolved considerably and have become prevalent. Obstacle sons, new structures with ultrasonic sensors attached on detection devices for parking assistance systems typically the back side of bumpers without through-holes are be- make use of air-coupled ultrasonic sensors because they ing considered. However, the directional characteristics are inexpensive and simplify the configuration of the sys- of ultrasonic waves radiated from these structures are ex- tems. Ultrasonic sensors are usually attached to automo- pected to be affected by the bumper. In this paper, these biles through through-holes in their bumpers. However, directional characteristics are examined and a method for productivity decreases in this configuration because addi- controlling the directivity of the ultrasonic waves is pro- tional processing is necessary to create through-holes in posed. the bumper. Moreover, the final product has a bad ap-

Tue 15:00 306 Emerging Fields T-shaped conﬁguration of multi-frequency acoustic camera and visualization in air – (Contributed, 000210) M. Fujii and K. Nakamura Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Visualizations of objects using sound waves have been per- 40 mm, while the receiving beam width is 80 mm, which formed for a long time, including medical ultrasound and are equal to 4.7 times and 9.4 times of the wavelength. underwater applications. In air, visualization of noise Three frequencies, 38.0, 39.5, and 41.0 kHz, are used in source is also progressing. We have proposed acoustic this study, and RGB color representation method is pro- camera utilizing multiple frequencies in air focusing on the posed to display the output of the multi-frequency acoustic rich frequency information rather than the spatial resolu- camera. Visualization using the proposed acoustic camera tion. In this report, we discuss a hardware construction is demonstrated for several examples. Diﬀerences in irreg- using one-dimensional transmitter array and receiver ar- ularities of object surface and diﬀerences in materials and ray placed in T-shape. The transmission beam width is thickness of the object were obtained. 110 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound An Ultrasonic Vibration System Used in Friction Stir Welding – (Contributed, 000008) B. Fu, W. Zhang and G. Zhou School of Manufacturing Sci. and Eng., Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining tech- obtained at the shoulder of the tool. The initial dimen- nology for low melting metal such as aluminum. It has sions of the ultrasonic vibration system were calculated by found important application in the fields of industries like means of transfer matrix methods. The vibration charac- aerospace, automotive, and etc.. In order to improve weld- teristics of the ultrasonic vibration system were analyzed ing quality of workpieces, an ultrasonic vibration system by ANSYS software and optimized dimensions were ob- which can superimpose longitudinal-torsional vibration on tained. The FSW experiments assisted by this ultrasonic the tool of FSW is proposed. The longitudinal vibration vibration system were performed. Results show the pro- is produced by the 20 kHz piezoelectric Langevin-type posed ultrasonic vibration system can strengthen micro- transducer. The longitudinal-torsional vibration converter plastic flow of the weld zone and increase the mixing in- transforms some of the amplified longitudinal vibration tensity. The better welding quality is achieved. into torsional vibration and elliptical loci vibration can be

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound HiFFUTs for High Temperature Ultrasound – (Contributed, 000020) A. Feeneya, L. Kangb and S. Dixona aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Flexural ultrasonic transducers have been widely used as chanical driving element, usually a lead zirconate titanate proximity sensors and industrial metrology systems. How- piezoelectric ceramic, which experiences reduced perfor- ever, there is demand from industry for these transducers mance as temperature is increased, and is not generally to have the capability to operate in both liquid and gas, recommended for use above approximately 150◦C. This at temperatures exceeding 200◦C, significantly higher than investigation proposes a new type of flexural transducer, the ambient conditions currently experienced by conven- the HiFFUT, a high-frequency flexural ultrasonic trans- tional flexural transducers. Furthermore, flexural transducer, comprising a bismuth titanate ceramic for opera- ducers tend to be designed for operation up to around tion at high temperatures. The dynamic characteristics 50 kHz, and the ability to operate at higher frequencies of the HiFFUT are studied as a function of environmen- will open up new application and research areas. A lim- tal temperature, providing insight into its usefulness for itation of current flexural transducers is the electrome- industrial applications.

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound An ultrasonic motor using transmission line and a spring washer driven by a Langevin transducer – (Contributed, 000074) T. Ishii, M. Mochizuki and T. Shimizu University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, 4008511 Kofu, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

An ultrasonic micro-motor usually has small torque be- the thin transmission line of 1 mm in diameter. Since an cause of its small size of the transducer. If large sized ultrasonic motor needs elliptic motion to drive the rotor, transducer is used for driving small sized output part, we part of the longitudinal vibration has to be converted to can expect better motor characteristics. In this research, the torsional vibration. A spiral structure is used to con- a Langevin transducer with 30 mm in diameter was used vert the vibration mode. A spring washer is used for mode to excite the driving vibration and its vibration is trans- conversion and preload is provided by this spring washer at mitted through the transmission line of 1 mm in diameter. the same time. The outer diameter of the spring washer A simple pipe is used for the rotor and its outer and inner is 4 mm. The driving frequency is about 49.6 kHz and diameters are 5 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The driving the preload by the spring washer is about 8 N. The rota- vibration excited by the Langevin transducer is ampliﬁed tion of the rotor was successfully achieved. Some motor by the stepped horn and that vibration is travelled through characteristics were obtained. The maximum revolution Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 111 speed was 353 r.p.m. at applied voltage of 50 Vp-p, the and 50 Vp-p, and the maximum eﬃciency was 0.048 % at maximum torque was 0.245 mNm at applied voltage of 30 applied voltage of 20 and 30 Vp-p.

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound Material Parameter Identiﬁcation of a Piezoelectric Disc with Triple-Ring-Electrodes for Increased Sensitivity – (Contributed, 000168) B. Jurgelucks, N. Feldmann, L. Claes, A. Walther and B. Henning Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A complete characterisation of piezo ceramic materials values as well as gradient information. The initial val- typically requires several differently processed specimen. ues can be estimated from measurements using simpler Since the results of all these measurements are combined geometries. The needed derivatives are calculated using to form one single set of material parameters, inconsisten- Algorithmic Differentiation that has been implemented in cies occur naturally. The problem when considering only the FEM software. Algorithmic Differentiation has the one specimen is the lack of sensitivity for several mate- advantage that no further function evaluations are needed rial parameters. Therefore, a triple-ring-electrode set-up (like e.g. when using finite differences) and the resulting is presented that is optimised to balance the sensitivity of derivatives are accurate to working precision. Since the the frequency dependent impedance for the full set of ma- evaluation of the FEM model is the most time consum- terial parameters. This specific set-up allows is designed to ing part in the optimisation and the number of iterations characterise the material properties using only one speci- crucially depends on the accuracy of the derivatives, using men, hence reaching consistent material parameters while Algorithmic Differentiation yields a great advantage in the still aiming to be sufficiently sensitive to each parameter. optimisation process. The whole optimisation procedure This more complex set-up calls for a FEM-based inverse is described exemplarily for one specimen of PIC255 (PI problem, that makes it possible to find parameters that ceramic, Lederhose, Germany) leading to feasible material fit the measured impedance. The used optimisation for parameters. solving the inverse problem itself needs satisfying initial

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound Impregnation of liquid droplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves – (Contributed, 000228) R. Nakayama, T. Asami and H. Miura Nihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The technique, which metal meshes are impregnated with In this study, we investigated impregnation of a droplet a liquid, is seeked in a wide range of applications such by using a sound waveguide to irradiate ultrasound effi- as coating conveyor belt mesh or insulation with fluorine. ciently. As the results, it was found that the droplet is Improvement of the wettability of the solid surface is re- more likely to be impregnated into the mesh as the liquid quired when it is impregnating, and one of the method volume and the input power are larger. This reason is that is using an ultrasonic waves. However, the traditional the gravity on the droplet increases and the acoustic radia- method is that the ultrasonic vibration source is brought tion force applied to the droplet increases by the ultrasonic into contact with a solid, and impregnation with the liq- wave. Moreover, it was found that the area of impregnat- uid having a high viscosity is difficult, so that it is not ing metal mesh with the droplet becomes about the same versatile. Therefore, in this research, as a new method to as the size of the hole of the sound waveguide, and it is promote impregnation of liquid, we aim to impregnate a larger than no using this waveguide. Furthermore, it was droplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves. Irradi- possible to impregnate with less power in the case of using ation with powerful aerial ultrasonic waves can improve a sound waveguide than no using it. From these results, it the wettability of meshes for the liquid. We have been de- was found that the droplet can be efficiently impregnated veloping a non-contact method for impregnating materi- by using a sound waveguide. als with a liquid droplet by using aerial ultrasonic waves.

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound Measurement of the ﬂexoelectric coeﬃcient for bulk barium titanate under one-dimension shock wave – (Contributed, 000270) 112 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

T. Hu Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, 710049 Xi’An, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, the mechanism of polarization under one- wave theory and flexoelectric theory, a longitudinal flex- dimension shock wave was described, which is the strain oelectric coefficient of bulk BT sample was calculated to gradient at the shock front resulting in flexoelectric effect be 17.33e-6 C/m, which is in accord with the published and the release of charges. Then, we controlled the first- transverse flexoelectric cofficient. This method suppresses order hydrogen gas gun to impact the unpolarized bulk effectively majority of drawbacks in the quasi-static or low barium titanate (BT) samples, and used high-precision frequency dynamic techniques, and provides to us more oscilloscope to measure the voltage generated by the flex- accurate results of flexoelectric behavior. oelectric effect. Based on experiment results, elastic stress

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound Measuring Liquid-level Utilizing Wedge Wave – (Contributed, 000292) I. Matsuya, Y. Honma and I. Ihara Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, 940-2188 Niigata, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A new method for measuring liquid-level utilizing wedge liquid level is proportional to the elapsed time difference of wave is presented. In order to know fluid capacity, liquid- the propagated wedge wave. The wedge wave velocities in level sensing has been carried out in the several fields such the air were experimentally obtained as 1375 m/s for mode as fuel tank, water cistern and so on. The ultrasonic type 1 and 2362 m/s for mode 2. It is confirmed that mode 1 is is the method detecting the liquid-level by elapsed time suitable for the measurement because of its slowness and of ultrasound utilizing air-coupled ultrasound, immersed clear signal. The liquid-level sensing was carried out by type ultrasonic sensor, and guided ultrasound. The sound laser ultrasonic method using aluminum 30◦ wedge in the velocity of wedge wave is slow compared to the other types water. The relationship between the liquid-level and the of guided waves, so it is considered that the measurement elapsed time of the wedge wave showed high linearity. The accuracy which is closely related to the time resolution standard deviation of data plots was 0.88 mm, the mea- of measurement equipment can be improved than ever be- surement resolution was 1.50 µm and the error rate was fore. This method is utilizing the difference of wedge wave 1.04%. As a result, this method is evaluated to be precise velocity in the air and in the water. It is indicated that the and high resolution for practical use.

Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound Inﬂuence of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles on Tough Hydrophone in High-intensity Acoustic Fields Generated by 22 kHz Sonoreactor – (Contributed, 000298) N. Okadaa, M. Shiibab, S. Yamauchic, T. Satoc and S. Takeuchic aHONDA ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., 20 Oyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, 441-3193 Toyohashi, Japan; bNihon Institute of Medical Science, 1276 Shimogawara, Moroyamamachi, 350-0435 Irumagun, Saitama, Japan; cToin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba- ku, 225-8503 Yokohama, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We previously developed a tough hydrophone prevented using visualization by high-speed video camera (8000 fps) with Hydrothermal PZT thick film enabled to use near and a laser sheet. The enormous signal of the output volt- the focal point of HIFU transducers. This hydrophone age from the hydrophone during sonication was picked up was prevented from damage under inertial cavitation con- by a comparator circuit to trigger the high-speed video dition near the focal point in a high pressure field (15 camera and digital oscilloscope. MPa). In this study, we investigated that the hydrophone As results of visualization, even if small acoustic bubbles was adaptable to measure high intensity acoustic field even collided with the hydrophone tip, the hydrophone was at low frequency. The acoustic bubbles stick on the hy- utilized without distortion. As the acoustic pressure in- drophone tip may have adverse effect on accurate evalu- creased, distorted waveforms from the hydrophone was ation of acoustic fields and will cause erosion on the hy- recorded due to nonlinear propagation in water. When drophone tip. Therefore, we observed the acoustic bubbles the triggered signal was detected, the output distortion around the hydrophone at 22 kHz. increased extremely at further high pressure field. Im- The behavior of the acoustic bubbles around the hy- mediately after triggered signal, acoustic bubble clouds drophone tip in the 22 kHz sonoreactor was investigated were generated on the hydrophone tip. At just before the Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 113 triggered signal, a relatively large acoustic bubble moved material in order that the acoustic bubbles would not stick to the hydrophone tip along the side surface of the hy- to the side surface for precise evaluation of acoustic fields drophone or was collided with the hydrophone tip directly. in the high intensity ultrasound at low frequency. We revealed the hydrophone shape and the side surface

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Eﬀect of Frequency on Generation of Ultraﬁne Bubble by Ultrasonic Irradiation – (Contributed, 000027)

Y. Asakuraa, H. Matsushimab and K. Yasudab aHonda Electronics Co., Ltd., 20 Oyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, 441-3193 Toyohashi, Japan; bNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603 Nagoya, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Bubbles of less than 1 `ımin diameter are called ultrafine creased. Furthermore, when ultrasound was irradiated to bubbles. When ultrasound was irradiated to ultrapure wa- water containing high-concentration ultrafine bubbles, the ter in a vessel, the change of number density of ultrafine change of number density of ultrafine bubbles with irradi- bubbles with irradiation time was investigated in ultra- ation time was investigated in ultrasonic frequency from sonic frequency from 22 kHz to 1 MHz, and power from 22 kHz to 1 MHz, and power from 5 W to 20 W. The 5 W to 20 W. Sample volume was 100 mL. The ultra- number density of ultrafine bubbles decreased exponen- sonic power which was the energy applied to the sample tially with time. The number density of ultrafine bubbles per unit time was obtained by calorimetry. The number decreased with increasing ultrasonic power and frequency. density of ultrafine bubbles increased exponentially with Therefore, it was clear that generation and reduction of ul- time. The number density of ultrafine bubbles increased trafine bubbles occurred simultaneously by ultrasonic ir- with increasing ultrasonic power and decreasing frequency. radiation to water. It is thought that ultrafine bubbles The mean and mode diameters of ultrafine bubbles after generate from bubble nucleus and collapse of the cavita- ultrasonic irradiation at 20 W for 5 minutes to ultrapure tion bubbles, and at the same time ultrafine bubbles grow water were 100 - 120 nm and 90 - 100 nm, respectively, to cavitation bubbles by expansion and contraction under and diameters became smaller slightly as frequency in- ultrasonic irradiation.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Development of magnetostrictive FeCo ﬁlm coated surface acoustic wave based magnetic ﬁeld sensor – (Contributed, 000050) W. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Liu, Y. Liang and S. He Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21, BeiSiHuan West Road, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) based devices attracts oped sensor was composed of a sensor chip made by differ- more interesting for various physical and chemical sensing, ential delay line-oscillators, and a magnetostrictive FeCo exhibiting some excellent performances such as small, sim- film deposited along the SAW propagation path of the ple, robust, being passive (batteryless), remotely queried sensing chip. The FeCo coating produces magnetostrictive (wireless), and low cost. Many prototypes of SAW based strain generated by the applied magnetic field, modulating sensor were reported for sensing temperature, gases, force, the SAW propagation, and resulting in approximate lin- torque, and so on. Moreover, referring to the magne- ear changes in differential oscillation frequency. By solv- tostrictive thin film as the sensing material, a new con- ing the coupled electromechanical field equation in layered cept of SAW based magnetic field sensor were proposed structure considering the magnetostrictive effect, the sen- and reported frequency in recent years. It is well known sor response was predicted. Also, the FeCo film coated that the functional magnetostrictive thin-film material is sensor chip made by the delay line patterns on 128o YX favored and very promising for high-precision magnetic LiNbO3 substrate was fabricated by using the standard field measurement because of its excellent properties as photolithographical technique and RF magnetron sput- device miniaturization, large magnetostrictive coefficient, tering, and acting as the feedback element of the differ- high energy conversion efficiency, fast response and non- ential oscillator. Using the Helmholtz coil, the developed contact driving. Hence, Micro-size, high sensitivity, low 300MHz SAW maganetic filed sensor with 500 nm FeCo cost, and satisfactory stability were expected from the coating was evaluated, high sensitivity of 8.3KHz/mT, and magnetostrictive film coated SAW magnetic field sensor, excellent linearity were achieved. that is the main work in this contribution, and the devel- 114 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation – (Contributed, 000061) L. Baia, P. Wua and W. Linb aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, an image analysis method based on high- Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation clouds under diﬀerent speed photography of cavitation cloud is proposed. Con- conditions (jet velocity, acoustic pressure) are analyzed us- sidering the relationship between the light scattering in- ing this method, and the periodicity and intensity infor- tensity of the cavitation cloud, the projected area, thick- mation of the cavitation cloud are obtained. The results ness, and density of the cavitation cloud, we can use are in good agreement compared with the existing esti- this method to characterize the periodicity and estimation methods of cavitation intensity, such as cavitation mate the intensity of the cavitation cloud. Furthermore, noise spectrum analysis.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Surface Oscillations and Fragmentation of Bubbles in an Acoustic Field – (Contributed, 000062) P. Wua, L. Baia, W. Linb, D. Xua and C. Lic aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China; cState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Surface oscillations and fragmentation of individual bub- the wavelength of Faraday wave on the bubble surface is bles conﬁned in a thin liquid layer driven by an acoustic independent of the acoustic pressure and the bubble ra- ﬁeld have been investigated via high speed photography. dius, while the order of the surface mode is approximately It is show that under the experimental conditions, above proportional to the bubble radius. Based on a quasi-two a critical size threshold, the observed bubbles exhibit sur- -dimensional approximation, a physical model describing face modes (standing Faraday waves on the bubble sur- the surface oscillation of the bubble in the thin liquid layer face). Furthermore, With the increase of acoustic pres- is proposed. The mechanism of bubble splitting and its re- sure, the amplitude of surface oscillation increases. Above lationship with the acoustic parameters are analyzed, and a critical threshold, Jet formation and droplet ejection the critical condition of bubble surface instability is also tear the bubble to pieces. The image analysis shows that discussed.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation – (Contributed, 000063) P. Wua, L. Baia, W. Linb, D. Xua and C. Lic aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China; cState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, an image analysis method based on high- Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation clouds under diﬀerent speed photography of cavitation cloud is proposed. Con- conditions (jet velocity, acoustic pressure) are analyzed us- sidering the relationship between the light scattering in- ing this method, and the periodicity and intensity infor- tensity of the cavitation cloud, the projected area, thick- mation of the cavitation cloud are obtained. The results ness, and density of the cavitation cloud, We can use are in good agreement compared with the existing esti- this method to characterize the periodicity and estimation methods of cavitation intensity, such as cavitation mate the intensity of the cavitation cloud. Furthermore, noise spectrum analysis. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 115

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Thermal Tuning on the Band Gaps with Temperature Sensitive Materials in Phononic Crystals – (Contributed, 000075) Y. Li Beihang University, XueYuan Road No.37,HaiDian District, 100191 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Phononic crystals possess unique acoustic properties due pendent elastic property of the temperature-sensitive ma- to their artificial periodic structure. They have been used terial indicates a different but an effective approach for in a wide range of applications such as wave guides, filters, thermal tuning of the acoustic band structures. It is shown noise suppression, vibration control, etc. In this paper, an that the first band gap width may change a lot when the analytic model and numerical model are established to temperature changes. These results provide design guide- study the band gaps of wave propagation in a phononic lines for thermal tuning of wave propagation in phononic crystal consisting of alternating strips of two different ma- crystals. terials. The analysis accounting for the temperature de-

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Research on A Surface Acoustic Wave Based PM2.5 Monitor – (Contributed, 000078) J. Liu, W. Hao and S. He Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21, BeiSiHuan West Road, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is the sum of solid quency is utilized for PM2.5 mass detection. Based on and liquid particles suspended in air. PM2.5, also known the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology as fine particle, refers to particles with a nominal aerody- and semiconductor technology, a virtual impactor, a ther- namic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 `ım, which has mophoretic precipitator and a SAW sensor chip were fabri- adverse impact on air environment. At Present, the main cated into an air current microchannel. Then, a 300 MHz methods for PM2.5 monitoring still suffer from large vol- dual-resonator-oscillator was developed and the medium- ume. To satisfy the development trend and urgent require- term frequency stability was evaluated. Exposing the ment of the PM2.5 monitoring methods, a novel PM2.5 PM2.5 sensor to the tobacco smoke in a chamber, the monitor by using the surface acoustic wave (SAW) tech- sensor’s performance was evaluated. In the experiment, nology was present.The SAW based PM2.5 monitor con- a cigarette was lit and collected in the particle chamber tains a virtual impactor for particle separation, a ther- for a few seconds to generate the tobacco smoke before mophoretic precipitator for PM2.5 capture and a SAW testing. The response of the SAW based PM2.5 sensor, sensor chip for PM2.5 mass detection. When the airborne namely the change of differential oscillator frequency was particles are separated by size in the virtual impactor, the obtained. The result shows that the sensor response is lin- PM2.5 is transferred to a plate-to-plate thermophoretic ear increased with the increasement of the sampling time. precipitator. By the thermophoresis effect, the mass load- The developed SAW based PM2.5 sensor has great poten- ing from the deposited PM2.5 results in the SAW velocity tial for the application of airborne particle detection. shift, and accordingly, the change of the oscillation fre-

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Attenuation Characteristics of Acoustic Waves in Boiler Flue gas Containing Solid Particles – (Contributed, 000090) G. Jiang and W. Xu North China Electric Power University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University (Baodin), Hebei Province, 071003 Baoding, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Numerical calculation was conducted on the attenuation such as the acoustic frequency, particle concentration, par- mechanism of acoustic wave in the range of 20 Hz-100 kHz ticle size and flue gas temperature, etc. Moreover, atten- in the furnace of power plant boiler, based on which a for- uation characteristics coefficients of acoustic waves in the mula of sound attenuation coefficient in the gas medium furnace of fluidized bed boiler containing solid particles of containing solid particles was built, so as to analyze the high volumetric fractions were also studied based on multi- effects of following factors on the attenuation coefficient, body multiple scattering theory, and subsequently corre- 116 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook sponding attenuation coefficients were corrected. Results ducing particle size; whereas for fluidized bed boilers, the show that for general coal-fired boilers, the sound attenua- acoustic attenuation mainly originates from the thermal tion coefficient increases with rising flue gas temperature, diffusion on the surface of medium particles. particle concentration and sound frequency, and with re-

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Performance evaluation of array transducer for underwater acoustic camera – (Contributed, 000100) C.-S. Park and S. Cho KRISS, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 305-340 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sound is prevalently used to get useful underwater infor- speciﬁcation that well matches to the lens and to quantita- mation. Various demands for real-time underwater imag- tively assess the acoustical performance of the transducers, ing have been continuously increased by marine industry because they are at the front of generating and receiving and coastal security issues. This leads to develop underwa- sound wave ﬁelds. This talk, therefore, introduces a con- ter acoustic cameras based on acoustic lens that does not cave transmitter that illuminate target objects and piezo- need complicated signal processing schemes, which might electric array transducers and shows experimental setup often prevent from visualizing images in real- time. trans- for transmitting voltage Response(TVR), Receiving volt- mit/receiving system is inevitable unit for the acoustic age Sensitivity(RVS), directivity pattern to evaluate the camera, and it should be well matched to the performance performance of the transducers. Furthermore, underwater of acoustic lens. Piezoelectric transducers as a core part imaging with acoustic lens is shown just to see the possibil- of the system can generate or receiver physical acoustic ities as a piezoelectric transducer for real-time underwater waves. Therefore, it is critical to design the transducer acoustic cameras.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Study on characteristics of the suspension of the particle in thermoacoustic systems – (Contributed, 000107) S. Yang, X. Xie, F. Liu and Q. Li Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The Particle Image Velocity (PIV) measurements are often particle, the space of the channel and the frequency of the used in the thermoacoustic systems to observe the oscil- oscillatory are investigated. The analyses of the particle latory flow. The characteristics of the suspension of the motions are performed to study if the particle follows the particle used in the PIV affect the accuracy. The model flow field. This study would be useful to choose the ap- of the particle suspended in a sound field is established. propriate particle in PIV measurements in thermoacouatic The force of the particle versus the size and density of the systems.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Experimental realization of nonreciprocal topological insulators based on angular-momentum-biased resonator array – (Contributed, 000130) Y. F. Zhua, Y. G. Pengb, J. Yanga, X. Y. Zoua, B. Liangc, X. F. Zhub and J. C. Chengc aSchool of physics, Nanjing University, 210093 Jiangsu Nanjing, China; bSchool of physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan Hubei, China; cKey Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Topological insulators for classical waves are new states of diﬀerent pseudo-spins or valleys easily scatter into each matter in which the topological phase originates from sym- other via time-reversed channels, thus leading to inevitable metry breaking. Recently, time-reversal invariant acous- backscattering. It was realized that this challenge can be tic topological insulators were demonstrated with pseudo- overcome by breaking the time-reversal symmetry. Here, spin or valley degree of freedom constructed by break- we report the experimental demonstration of nonrecipro- ing the spatial symmetry. However, the nonfermionic cal acoustic topological insulators with non-zero Chern nature of sound makes the wave components carrying number. We realize the one-way nonreciprocal transport Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 117 of sound at the boundaries, which is topologically immune and developing practical nonreciprocal devices in acous- to defect-induced scatterings. Our work opens up oppor- tics. tunities for exploring unique observable topological phases

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Long-Term Monitoring of Underwater Sound near the Eastern Coast of Korea using a Four-Element Planar Hydrophone Array – (Contributed, 000131) S.-H. Byuna, S.-M. Kima, I.-Y. Cheb and Y. Kimb aKRISO, 32 1312beon-gil Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of Korea; bKIGAM, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34132 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

KRISO has developed an underwater acoustic measure- existing ambient noise models and the level changes diur- ment module that operates at low power for long-term ac- nally by 5dB at the frequencies of a few hundred hertz to quisition of underwater sound data. The developed mod- a few kilohertz. The data measured in the early morning ule is equipped with a planar array of four hydrophones is shown to have the highest noise level, and its statis- and is capable of measuring acoustic signal with the fre- tical characteristics reveal that it was presumably gener- quencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz at a sample rate of ated by the rotating propellers of passing boats. [This 50 ksps. In this study, we present the analysis result of a research was supported by the project of ”Development of month-long seaside experiment data which were gathered a high frequency underwater acoustic measurement mod- at the northeastern coast of Korea from mid-December, ule and analysis of underwater acoustic signals” funded by 2016 to mid-January, 2017. The result shows that the KIGAM(PNS2930).] measured ambient noise level is a few dB higher than the

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Development of ultrasound measurement system to measure acoustic properties of the piston core sediments laboratory condition – (Contributed, 000158) B.-N. Kim, S. K. Jung, B.-C. Kum, B. K. Choi, E. Kim and S. H. Kim Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haeanro, 15627 Ansan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

It is very important to investigate the acoustic proper- sion. The PICAM system is consist of waveguide box, ties, such as the phase velocity and the attenuation of the verical linear motion guide, and control unit. The waveg- ocean sediment because the ocean sediment causes a loss uide box in PICAM system has a hole with a diameter of of acoustic energy for acoustic wave propagation in shal- 70 mm on its bottom. The hole diameter is same with that low water. The acoustic properties of ocean sediment can of the core liner. The piston core sediment is penetrated be investigated by using pistone core sediment in labo- through the hole in the waveguide box. Transmitter and ratory. Generally, the pistone core sediments are incised receiver for acoustic measurements of the core sediment longitudinally for acoustic measurements. Then, its physi- are ﬁxed on both sides of the waveguide box, respectively. cal properties can be changed by a disturbance in incision The waveguide box can be moved up and down for acous- processs. Since the acoustic properties of the sediments tic measurements by verical linear motion guide and con- are related with its physical properties, they can be also trol PC. The frequency band for acoustic measurements changed. Therefore, it is important to measure the acous- is from 70 kz to 700 kHz. The acoustic properties of the tic properties of piston core sediments without any distur- piston core sediment measured from PICAM system are bance. In this paper, we introduce PICAM(PIston Core compared with theoretical predictions based on Biot-Stoll Acoustic Measurement) system to measure the acoustic model received acoustic signals through the piston core properties of the piston core sediments without its inci- sediment.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Broadband ultrasound backscattering of cylindrical target in water – (Contributed, 000159) B. K. Choi, B.-N. Kim, E. Kim, S. H. Kim and M. S. Sim Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haeanro, 15627 Ansan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 118 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Detection characteristics of submerged cylindrical target iment of backscattered signals when a broadband shock- can be performed using broadband ultrasound and under- wave (center frequency 2.25 MHz) was used as the incident water sound scattering analysis. The backscattered sig- wave. Used cylindrical target radius was 30 mm and shell nals, composed of specular echo and elastic echo, have in- thickness 1 ∼ 2 mm. The radius and thickness of a cylin- formation on the submerged cylindrical target, including drical target was estimated by analyzing the echo signal in its dimensions and material characteristics. In this study, the time domain and the echo spectrum in the frequency we performed ultrasound-scattering simulation and exper- domain.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Surface Wave Propagation on Single Crystals: Measurement and FEM Analysis – (Contributed, 000161) H.-B. Kim, H. S. Park, H.-S. Lee, H.-S. Lee and Y. H. Kim Korea Science Academy of KAIST, 105-47, Baeqyanggwanmun-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47162 Rep. of Korea, 47162 Busan, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Nondestructive methods for measuring physical properties by rotating the specimen underneath the transducer. For have been developed using ultrasonic techniques. In this the numerical method, a ﬁnite element method simulation research, two diﬀerent methods for obtaining the veloci- was used to predict the velocities. The two results were ties of leaky surface acoustic waves for z-cut quartz have compared and we have concluded that the FEM simula- been investigated. For the experimental method, a large tion can be used to explain the experimentally measured aperture line-focused transducer was used. The veloci- velocities. The measurement of surface waves can be ap- ties were measured as a function of propagation direction plied to determine crystal orientations.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Acoustic Energy Harvesting based on Metastructures – (Contributed, 000178) B. Assouar, S. Qi and Y. Li University of Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Facult´edes Sciences et Technologies, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, P 70239, Vandoeuvre l`es Nancy cedex, 54506 Nancy, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

As a kind of clean, ubiquitous and renewable form of vantageous and anomalous properties and capabilities. In energy, sound/noise may act as a promising sustainable this research, we theoretically and numerically report on power source for energy production and micro autonomous innovative and practical acoustic energy harvesters based devices, such as wireless sensors, mobile electronics and so on acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces [1, 2]. The forth. Due to low power densities in ordinary surround- ideas of AEH and acoustic confinement with the acous- ings, sound/noise generally needs to be focused or confined tic metamaterials metasurfaces will be demonstrated and through effective conversion media for better acoustic en- analyzed. More specifically, we will present here some re- ergy harvesting (AEH). Intuitively, classical Helmholtz cent works and advances on acoustic energy harvesting and other chamber resonators could be used to enhance making use of a defected plate-type metamaterial and a the acoustic confinement and subsequently realize AEH. multilateral metasurface based on the coiling up space ge- In general, the strategy based on the resonators suffers ometry. Different concepts and designs of the AEH will from defect of the bulky structures and uncontrolled wave be presented and discussed as well as and their physical field, thus hampering the applicable energy harvesting. In and electrical properties. a different context, the recent emergence of the artificially engineered acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces has REFERENCES 1. S. Qi, Y. Li & M. B. Assouar. Phys. significantly broadened the horizon of acoustic wave and Rev. Applied 7, 054006 (2017). 2. S. Qi, M. Oudich, Y. Li wavefront manipulations. They possess a variety of ad- & M. B. Assouar. Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (2016) 263501.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Asymptotic Behaviour of 1D Sonic Crystal Band Structure with Applications in Optimization – (Contributed, 000192) M. I. Pop, N. Cretu and A. Boer Transilvania University of Brasov, Colina Universitatii 1, corp C, sala CP18, 500036 Brasov, Romania Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 119

The transfer matrix formalism is applied to 1D multilay- identiﬁed. The transfer function in passbands is situated ered periodic structures in order to obtain their frequency between 2 envelopes, which are obtained analytically. The response for longitudinal wave propagation. Analytic for- behaviour of the periodic medium for diﬀerent numbers of mulas are obtained for the total transfer matrix of a pe- periods is studied numerically and experimentally. The riodic medium as a function of the period’s transfer ma- obtained envelopes are applied to an optimization proce- trix and the number of periods. The transfer function of dure using the Simulated Annealing method in order to the medium is obtained and passbands and stopbands are obtain periods with prescribed passband envelopes.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Characterization of grain boundary cracks by evaluating the integral response of surface acoustic waves – (Contributed, 000222) R. Galosa, S. Zamiria, P. Burgholzera, T. Berera and I. A. Veresb aRECENDT GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; bRECENDT GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Science Park 2 / 2.OG, 4040 Linz, Austria Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Non-destructive evaluation of surface and subsurface distances from the position of excitation. For the theoret- cracks can be conducted by measuring and interpreting ical description, three-dimensional time-domain finite ele- their interaction with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). For ment (FEM) simulations with randomly distributed cracks a single crack, the position and the geometry can be recon- are conducted. The homogeneous behaviour of the ran- structed from the measured scattered field. In the pres- domly scattered field is obtained by spatial averaging of ence of a large amount of small defects, such as micro the measured and simulated fields. Frequency dependent cracks at grain boundaries, the characterization of sin- attenuation, induced by scattering of the acoustic waves, gle cracks is ineffective or even not feasible. In this case, is then obtained by Fourier transforming the experimen- the macroscopic homogeneous material behaviour can be tal and simulated data. As spatial averaging of single used to characterize the density and depth distribution responses is very time consuming and often unfeasible, of the cracks by observing attenuation and/or dispersion we demonstrate the usage of an optically integrating line of SAWs. We examine the scattering of SAWs on sur- probe based on a two wave mixing detector. The detec- face micro cracks, which arise between the boundaries of tor is measuring the integral response over a line parallel the individual grains in steel, by experiments and numeri- to the incoming acoustic plane wave front. This detection cal tools. For the experimental evaluation, we generate approach allows to measure the integral displacement field SAWs, which exhibit plane wave fronts, by using line- within a single measurement, which significantly reduces focused pulsed-laser excitation. The propagating waves the measurement times compared to averaging procedures. are then detected by means of interferometry at different

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Planar acoustics lenses with helical-structured metamaterials – (Contributed, 000268) S. Liu, H. Lv, W. Zhang, J. Zhang and L. Yang Heilongjiang University, Xuefu Road 74th, 150080 Harbin, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic focusing can significantly improve resolution of self-bending beams, fractal metamaterials and so on, have the ultrasound imagining system and accuracy of ultra- achieved extraordinary focusing. They successfully shrink sound therapy, so it has been an interesting research topic the lens thickness to subwavelength regime and design plain acoustic field. In some conventional acoustic focusing nar shape. However, these structures of the transmission methods, some natural acoustic materials are processed efficiency are low, it is difficult to design acoustic ele- into specific curved shape to guided acoustic filed for gen- ment with precise control phase and high transmittance. erating acoustic focusing. However, it requires a large This paper theoretically presents an acoustical focusing curve interface to guide wave trajectory. With advance lens base helical-structured metamaterials. The helical- of modern devices, a miniaturization acoustics focusing structured cells are characteristics of high transmittance device is desired. For designing planar acoustics lenses, up to 80%. The theoretical analysis of sound field trans- high refractive index in the center of lens is required. It mitting in the phased arrays is discussed. The acoustical is mission impossible in usual acoustics materials. In re- focusing lens can get well focused by choosing appropriate cent years, acoustic metamaterials provide a new method phase control unit. Simulation results show that the gain for acoustics focusing. Some methods, such as three- value of 3.29dB could be obtained operating at 4167Hz. dimensional surface coiling-up structure, two symmetrical Our design can help to reduce the size of the acoustic lens 120 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook and meet different requirements for acoustic focusing. We believe that the proposed super-focusing technology will promote the development of related technologies.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Frequency characteristics of thickness-shear mode BAW resonator consisting of c-axis parallel oriented ZnO ﬁlm for liquid viscosity measurement – (Contributed, 000295) I. Rikuyaa, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawac and T. Yanagitanid aDoshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; dWaseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Thickness-shear mode resonators are used for measure- 262 MHz, respectively. Glycerol solutions were loaded on ments of antigen-antibody reaction and liquid viscosities, the resonator in order to measure the liquid loading prop- because of their small energy leakage of the shear- wave erties. Concentrations of the glycerol solutions were 0-45 into the liquid. The pure shear-wave can be excited by wt.%. f s, f p, f m and f n of the 1st and 2nd mode were using the resonator with the c-axis parallel oriented ZnO decreased as increasing the glycerol concentration. The film. In our previous study, a multilayered- resonator frequency shifts of f s, f p, f m and f n at each sample load- consisting of c-axis parallel oriented ZnO film was fab- ing were calculated by subtracting at 0 wt.% sample load- ricated. The resonant frequency shifts with liquid loading. The frequency shift of 1st mode f m with the most ing were observed. In this study, the frequency shifts of concentration liquid loading in glycerol solutions was the series resonant frequency f s, parallel resonant frequency largest (-647 ppm), whereas those of 1st mode f s, f p and f p, frequency of minimal-impedance f m and frequency f n were -425, -245 and -162 ppm, respectively. Compared of maximal-impedance f n of the resonator with loadings with the f s, f p and f n, frequency shift of f m was the of different viscosity liquid were measured. A shear mode largest. In addition, frequency shifts were calculated by a BAW resonator consisting of top electrode (Au/Cr), c-axis one-dimensional transmission line model. The same ten- parallel oriented ZnO film, bottom electrode (Cr/Au/Cr) dencies were obtained in the experimental results. High- and SOI layer was used. Total thickness of the resonator sensitivity measurement was expected by monitoring the was 13.05 µm. The resonant frequency of the 1st and 2nd frequency shift of f m. mode of the resonator was observed around 132 MHz and

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Study of shear mode acoustic wave devices with c-axis parallel oriented ZnO ﬁlm to measure the liquid loading properties – (Contributed, 000304) K. Moria, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawaa and T. Yanagitanic aDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cWaseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The shear mode bulk acoustic devices have been well- entation, we performed annealing treatment to the ZnO studied for measurement of liquid viscosity. In general, films. c-Axis parallel oriented ZnO films were grown on single crystals are used for these devices. However, the the Al/Silica glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering, sensitivity of these devices is determined by the ratio of and these films were annealed at 400 ◦C. Next, evaporat- loading mass to the resonator mass. Therefore, the film ing the Cu electrode,the high-overtone bulk acoustic res- bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is suitable for the high onator (HBAR) structure was fabricated. The k 15 value sensitivity measurement. ZnO is widely used for the piezo- was estimated by the frequency response of samples. The electric thin film. In order to excite the shear wave, c-axis k 15 value of annealed-sample was 0.18, whereas the value is required to be oriented parallel to the substrate. In pre- of non-annealed sample was 0.14. Therefore, it is found vious study, c-axis parallel oriented ZnO films were grown that the k 15 value was improved by annealing treatment. by RF magnetron sputtering. However, the shear mode Then, the pure water was loaded on the HBAR struc- electromechanical coupling coefficient k 15 was low. In this ture to measure the liquid loading property. Although the study, the deposition method for improvement of k 15 value peak of real part of impedance was attenuated, resonance was investigated. Then, the resonance characteristics with still was observed. It is suggested that shear mode de- liquid loadings were measured.The reason why the k 15 vices using c-axis parallel oriented ZnO film can measure value is low is caused by the effect of crystalline orientation the liquid properties. We will measure the liquid loading of ZnO films. Then, in order to improve the crystalline ori- properties of different viscosity. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 121

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Sound Blocking using A Series of Scaled Composite Structures – (Contributed, 000309) S. Parka and J. Kimb aDepartment of Mechanical Systems Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 94, Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea, 04066 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Mechanical Systems Design Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, 04066 Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sound attenuation becomes challenging in the low fre- material slab. Also we form a composite structure, by quency range since absorption or reflection of sound waves filling the artificial structures with porous media, and find need more mass or volume, because of mass density law, significantly increased sound attenuation performance in making structures large and bulky. However, artificially all frequencies. We use effective media theory to show designed materials, called metamaterials, have opened up that the subwavelength structures augment the material new ways to overcome such difficulties by introducing ex- properties of the medium and compare the local particle traordinary material properties. In this study, we design velocity, sound intensity and the pressure amplitude be- and simulate sound attenuation improvement over a wide tween the metamaterial and the effective medium. Finally, frequency range using scaled artificially designed struc- we investigate the most efficient space packed structure for tures. We use 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 scale space coiled struc- a given frequency which maximizes the sound attenuation tures and confirm that the transmission characteristics, rate. Our results show that broadband and effective sound band-pass filter like properties, are identical at their re- blocking is possible and wide application in the military, spective frequencies. We place the scaled unit cells in aerospace, and automotive industry is expected. series to form an ultra-wide band sound blocking meta-

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Single Sensor Acoustic Tracking using Asymmetric Impedance Metamaterial Surface – (Contributed, 000310) C. Kima, K. Songb and J. Kima aDepartment of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, 04066 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Detecting the movement of a sound source is usually done the SPL was found to be asymmetric w.r.t to the cen- by Time Difference of the Arrival(TDOA) method. Since ter meaning that the sound source produces different SPL such method requires not only two sensors but also a pro- gradient when it moves from left to right in comparison cessing unit, it makes the overall system complicated and with the case when it moves from right to left. We present expensive. Meanwhile, acoustic metamaterials, by using the reflection phase difference for each unit cell compos- smaller than wavelength structures, have made it possi- ing the meta-surface and show that various degree of coiled ble to realize never before seen phenomena. In this study, space results in changes in the reflection phase. We also we design and simulate an asymmetric impedance meta- show that the subwavelength structures indeed change the material surface which is able to distinguish the moving effective material properties of the surface by replicating direction of a sound source using a single microphone. By the results using effective medium theory. Through this using a FEM based multi-physics software COMSOL, we study, we show that metamaterial surface using subwave- measure the absolute sound pressure at a point between a length structures can be used to detect the direction of a sound-hard wall and a meta-surface while moving a point sound source movement using a single microphone. Such sound source. In the absence of the metamaterial surface, realization can be used to overcome the existing limita- the sound pressure level(SPL) was found to be symmetric tions of using dual sensors and can be applied to various with respect to the center of the microphone. However, fields such as defense, aerospace and automobile industry when the asymmetric impedance meta-surface is added, which require simple acoustic tracking systems.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics Numerical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of dense polydisperse clouds of interacting microbubbles – (Contributed, 000313) H. Haghia, A. Jafarisojahroodb and M. C. Koliosc aRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3; bRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Canada M5B2K3; cRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, AB, Canada M5B2K3 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 122 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Understanding the MB dynamics is the key to optimize (7e3 MBs/ml to 2e6 MBs/ml) were studied. Results show their response in an ultrasound field. However, investi- that for an optimum pressure and concentration, the MB gation of MB dynamics is a challenging task since MBs subpopulation with the largest size may control the dy- exhibit complex dynamics. In many applications, MBs namics of the rest of the MB population. When the soni- exist within polydisperse clusters and interact nonlinearly cation frequency is set to the subharmonic (SH) resonance with each other making the analysis of their behavior more frequency of the larger bubbles, even the smallest MBs challenging. Recently, there have been many studies on within the population may also exhibit SH oscillations. the behavior of single MBs; investigations of MB inter- An optimal range of MB concentration is needed for this actions were limited to cases of a few (<10) interacting effect to happen; below which the interaction strength is MBs due to the complexity of the mathematical solutions. too weak for any noticeable effect and above which the In this work, we use a novel numerical method to effi- concentration suppresses the oscillations of the MBs. To ciently solve the problem of a system of many interact- force the smallest MBs of the population to exhibit SH ing MBs. Using this approach, the dynamics of individual oscillations at the SH resonance frequency of the larger MBs within a polydisperse cluster of 100 MBs (MB diame- bubbles, a polydisperse solution is required. In the ab- ters between 2 to 8 micron) were investigated. Ultrasound sence of the MBs with the intermediate sizes within the pressure ranges between 10 kPa-500 kPa, frequencies be- polydisperse solution, the 8 micron MB cannot control the tween 1 MHz-12 MHz and different MB concentrations dynamics of the 2 micron MB.

Wed 8:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 Manipulating Sound Wave Radiation by Zero-index Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000014) X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Mao and E. Ding Institute of Acoustics, Hankou Road 22#, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Based on previous conceptions, there is only a homoge- is enhanced as compared to that of a source in free space neous field in zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs). However, without the ZIM cavities. Compared to classic local reso- in this article, we find that when higher modes such as nances achieved by Helmholtz resonators and membranes, dipole, quadrupole, or octopole patterns are excited in a we emphasize the fact that resonances in such a structure structure through cavity of ZIMs, they will generate an are more suitable for manipulating wave radiation owing inhomogeneous pressure field in the ZIMs. In addition, to the significantly richer resonant modes. Furthermore, when the resonance of the monopole or higher mode is the proposed structure can be used to control sound radi- excited in the cavity, a very intense pressure field will de- ation patterns and obtain directive or isotropic radiation. velop, such that the radiation of the source in the cavity

Wed 8:15 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 Sub-wavelength acoustic microscope based on extraordinary transmission in a zero-mass metamaterial – (Contributed, 000154) T. Devauxa, J. J. Parkb, E. Bokb, S. H. Leeb and O. B. Wrightc aFaculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bInstitute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Yonsei University, 120-749 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic imaging with a resolution beyond the far-field imentally a depth resolution of approximately 2 cm, i.e. 2 diffraction limit has become a subject of much research times the membrane diameter, and a lateral resolution of in the past decade owing to the advent of metamaterials. approximately 1 cm, ∼25 times smaller than the operating The development of acoustic extraordinary transmission wavelength (λ=25 cm) at 1400 Hz in air. We present an (ET) devices has demonstrated the possibility of focusing application to the 2D imaging of topography of wood and acoustic energy to sub-wavelength areas. To our knowl- rubber samples. edge this principle has never been used for imaging applications. Here we propose a prototype of a near-field acous- The results show the possibility of the quantitative imag- tic microscope based on the ET phenomena with airborne ing over a surface, and thereby one can obtain information sound using a zero-mass metamaterial. on the acoustic reflection coefficient of the sample to sub- Working with a simple measurement of the reflection co- wavelength resolution. Such ET-based microscopy should efficient at the end of an air-filled tube where a sub- open up new perspectives in acoustic imaging and non- wavelength membrane is mounted, we demonstrate exper- destructive testing. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 123

Wed 8:30 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 A multi-scale insight into the dynamic behavior of acoustic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000237) K. Chrzaszcz, V. G. Kouznetsova, J. P. Hoefnagels and M. G. Geers Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this study we probe the dynamic behavior of locally res- signal is caused by the out of phase movement between onant acoustic metamaterials. The manufactured meta- the rigid inclusion and the coating. We complete our ex- material is an array of unit cells, each consisting of a rigid perimental work by numerical analysis, as to account for steel cylinder coated by a soft silicone rubber and embed- viscoelastic dissipation in real materials, transmission loss ded in an epoxy matrix. The dynamic behavior of the at the interface and the internal friction. metamaterials is studied in real time by combining the Acknowledgments: The research leading to these results signals measured at the input/output with the images ob- has received funding from the European Research Coun- tained with the Digital Holographic Microscopy coupled cil under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Pro- with Digital Image Correlation. Our experimental study gramme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement n◦ reveals that transmission loss measured by input/output [339392].

Wed 8:45 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 Acoustic invisibility based on transparent anisotropic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000188) B. Li and W. Kan Nanjing University of Science and Tech, School of Science 942,Nanjing University of, Science and Technology, xiaolinwei 200, nanjing, 210094 Nanjing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We present broadband acoustic invisibility by using anisotropic effective mass density and bulk modulus can temperature-modulated anisotropic subwavelength struc- be modulated independently, thereby the realizable ranges tures. The effective acoustic parameters of such of these effective parameters can be broadened according anisotropic structures, constructed by periodically ar- to the requirement of the design. The performance of the ranging anisotropic subwavelength objects in quasi-two- designed structure is verified in broadband, with the scat- dimensional chambers, are studied in the quasi-static tered wave nearly cancelled and the wavefront undistorted. limit. By tuning the geometry parameters, the cham- The proposed scheme will provide feasibility in versatile ber volume and the temperature in the chamber, the acoustic manipulation with metamaterials.

Wed 9:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4 Band gap and double negative properties of star-structured sonic metamaterial – (Contributed, 000117) W. Yuren, C. Meng, J. Heng, L. Yu and X. Wenshuai Institute of Mechanics, CAS, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing, China, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sonic metamaterials have a wide range of applications figurations and various resonances, star-shaped structures in wave control and super-resolution imaging, and are readily form band gaps and show superior material proper- favored for several unique and advantageous properties. ties. Considered ideal structures, star-shaped single-phase However, the structures of currently existing double- metamaterials were designed and configured for simula- negative sonic metamaterials are highly complex, as they tions. The numerical results suggest that the metamate- are composed of various materials, which limit their de- rials have two band gaps as well as double-negative prop- sign function and application. It is quite desirable then to erties in specific frequency ranges. Moreover, the depen- realize double-negative features using single materials that dence of the band gap and double-negative properties on are simple in structure. From their unique concave con- the concave angle were investigated.

Wed 8:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Induced phonons by pulse laser technique to improve Brillouin scattering measurement – (Contributed, 000277) 124 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

A. Perinoa, M. Matsukawab and Y. Shibagakia aDoshisha University, 1-3Miyakodani,Tatara,Kyotanabe, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The Brillouin spectroscopy is a well-established technique Al film (thickness of approximately 300 nm). The Al film based on the inelastic interaction between light and ultra- was furthermore covered with a thin glass layer. The laser sonic waves. Using a focused laser beam as probe, the pulses (duration of 377ps, energy of 26 µJ) were applied Brillouin spectroscopy allows the non-contact and non- on the Al film in order to generate the induced phonons destructive investigation of local hypersonic velocities of near the GHz range. The sample was studied using the transparent materials. Usually this method is based on RIθA scattering geometry [2]. We studied the intensity of thermally excited phonons resulting in a low intensity of scattered light as function of the power and repetition rate scattered light. This badly affects the accuracy and the of the pulse laser (1 to 15 kHz), as function of the distance time of the measurements. To overcome this problem, our between the application point of the pulse laser and the proposed solution is to increase the intensity of scattered probe laser (0.75 to 2 mm), and as function of the angle of light by artificially generated phonons in the sample [1] the RIθA scattering geometry. The results show that the using a pulse laser technique. The final purpose of the re- induced phonons can improve the intensity of scattered search is to develop a rapid measurement technique based light up to 50 times with respect the thermally excited on non-contact phonon induction and non-contact probing phonons. of the sample. For the experiments we used a SiO2 sample [1]T. Yoshida, et al., IEEE, TUFFC, 58, 1255, 2011. (2×2×10 mm) on whose side (2×2 mm) was deposited an [2]J.K. Krüger, et al., J.Phys. D, 31, 15, 1997.

Wed 8:15 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Non-contact Detection of A Foreign Material Inside Soft Material by Using A High-intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Wave and Optical Equipment – (Contributed, 000281) L. Jina, A. Osumib and Y. Itob aNihon University, #833C,1-5-2,Kandasurugadai,Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan; bNihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasuru- gadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Hardness is a very important factor to investigate the char- distribution (vibration velocity and displacement, etc) on acteristics of an object surface.Recently, a non-contact the surface of a soft material with foreign materials under hardness method have developed by air ﬂow, laser, and high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave irradiation.In this re- aerial ultrasonic wave.We have developed a non-contact port, we attempted to detect the foreign materials (rigid method to detect a foreign material inside soft material silicon) in the soft material (soft silicon) by the proposed by using a high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave and opti- method. cal equipment.In particular, it measures the elastic change

Wed 8:30 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Material Property Mapping using Ultrasonic Travel-time Tomography for Improved Imaging in Het- erogeneous Media – (Contributed, 000041) K. M. Tant and A. J. Mulholland University of Strathclyde, Level9, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, G1 1XH Glasgow, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Current imaging algorithms within the ultrasonic non- terise due to the locally anisotropic, polycrystalline struc- destructive evaluation community typically assume that ture of the host medium. The directional dependence the material under inspection is homogeneous, and that of the wave speed in these welds can be modelled us- waves will travel at a constant speed throughout the sam- ing slowness curves, and prior knowledge of how these ple. As many of these imaging algorithms rely on the slowness curves are orientated in diﬀerent regions of the estimation of wave travel times, when the medium un- sample can be exploited to obtain more reliable and bet- der inspection is of a heterogeneous and/or anisotropic ter focussed images of the defects. The work presented nature, this assumption can contribute to the misplace- here endeavours to non-destructively extract estimations ment of defects and low signal to noise ratio in the re- of the anisotropic microstructure of industrially represen- sulting images. Defects embedded within austenitic steel tative samples from ultrasonic phased array data. This welds prove particularly challenging to detect and charac- is achieved via application of the reversible-jump Markov Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 125

Chain Monte Carlo method; a sampling-based approach obtained using existing imaging algorithms which employ within a Bayesian framework. Once the material map has constant, isotropic wave speed assumptions. Receiver op- been recovered, it is used in conjunction with an imaging erating characteristic curves are plotted to demonstrate algorithm to correct the applied delay laws and generate the improved probability of detection aﬀorded using our more focussed and accurate images of any internal defects. approach. These results are quantitatively compared to the results

Wed 8:45 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 In-situ characterization of phase transitions by ultrasonic methods – (Contributed, 000120) J. Nejezchlebovaa, H. Seinera, P. Sedláka, M. Janovskáa, P. Stoklasováa, M. Landaa and T. Grabecb aInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolej˘skova 1402/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic; bNuclear Physics Institute, Reˆz130,ˇ 250 68 Reˆz,ˇ Czech Republic Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The high sensitivity of the ultrasonic methods enables the by the study of nature and kinetics of phase transforma- in-situ detection and characterization of both diﬀusionally tions in metastable beta-Ti alloys. The second method, and non-difussionally-driven phase transitions in materi- measurement of velocity of surface acoustic waves, could als. In this contribution, we present two contact-less ultra- be utilized for the observation of stress-induced phase sonic non-destructive methods. The ﬁrst one, resonant ul- transitions. It will be shown that this method was success- trasound spectroscopy, is used for the in-situ observations fully utilized for the observation of stress-induced change of phase transitions that take place with temperature evo- of the crystal structure of Fe-Pd alloy from the original lution. The application of this method will be illustrated austenitic cubic phase to the martensitic tetragonal phase.

Wed 9:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Investigating Ultrasound Interaction Behaviors with Defects in Infrared Imaging NDE – (Contributed, 000189) X. Hana and Q. Yub aWayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., #3123, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Detroit, 48202, USA; bWayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., #3560, Detroit, 48202, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging, the newest member of nonde- era is used to image the temperature map of the target structive Evaluation (NDE) family, utilizes low frequency by measuring the thermal radiation from the surface of ultrasound excitation and combines with infrared imag- the target. The interaction between the ultrasound waves ing to detect defects in materials and structures, metals, and defects is a key factor since it determines the amount metal alloys, and composites. This novel NDE technology of ultrasound energy dissipation in the defects, which in has advantages over traditional ones. It’s a fast, wide- turn determines the thermal signal levels and thus aﬀect area, dark-ﬁeld imaging method. The applied ultrasound the probability of detection of defects. In this paper, the excitation pulse is typically a small fraction of a second, authors will present their study on the ultrasound inter- for example, one tenth of a second. The ultrasound causes action behaviors with defects, and the correlation of the the faying surfaces of a defect to rub with each other, this ultrasound excitation and the vibrational motions of the motion results in temperature increasing. An IR cam- crack faces.

Wed 9:15 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3 Resonant Ultrasonic Activation of Damage: A Shortcut to Eﬃcient NDE and Diagnostic Imaging – (Contributed, 000017) I. Solodov University of Stuttgart, Germany, 32 Pfaﬀenwaldring, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The efficiency of acoustic wave-defect interaction relevant driving wave. The increase in local vibration of the dam- to detection and imaging can also be quantified by the aged area is a key factor for enhancing efficiency and sensi- amplitude of the defect vibration for given amplitude of a tivity of the so-called derivative effects in ultrasonic wave- 126 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook defect encounter. They include e.g. nonlinear, thermal, the defect severity to its own resonance response, which acousto-optic, etc. ultrasound-induced responses widely is far stronger and identifies (and possibly quantifies) the used for NDE and acoustic imaging of damage. These damage by its resonant response clearly distinguished and effects are normally relatively inefficient so that the cor- independent of the rest (intact) part of the specimen. The responding NDE techniques require an elevated ultrasonic objective of the presentation is to demonstrate that the power to activate the defects and stand out from conven- frequency- and spatially-selective ultrasonic activation of tional ultrasonic NDE counterparts for their specific in- defects via the concept of LDR is the way to boost ef- strumentation particularly adapted to high-power ultra- ficiency and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging of damage sonics. In this presentation, a new approach to ultra- by using various ultrasound-based technologies. Multiple sonic NDE and imaging of damage is discussed based on case studies to be considered include NDE and imaging of frequency-selective acoustic activation of defects by means various defects in constructional and composite materials of Local Defect Resonance (LDR). A frequency match to via resonant ultrasonic activation in laser vibrometry, air- the damage resonance provides an efficient energy delivery coupled ultrasonics, thermosonics, and nonlinear acoustic from the wave directly to the defect. Unlike the resonance techniques. of the entire specimen, LDR NDE addresses the impact of

Wed 8:00 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers for High Deﬁnition Imaging – (Invited, 000207) H. H. Kim POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Small animal imaging utilizes high frequency (15 - 120 second, larger depth of field and easier implementation of MHz) ultrasound imaging system to obtain anatomical im- color and Doppler modes. High frequency convex arrays, ages of an object and visualize the progress and effects of phased arrays and dual element transducers are being in- the designed experiments. In this frequency range, sin- vestigated. Convex arrays give a wider field of view than gle element transducers have been often used due to the linear arrays since the curved aperture can cover a trape- limited availability of high frequency array transducers zoidal shaped area. Phased arrays come with a smaller and the imaging system. The limitation of a single ele- footprint due to a half-wavelength pitch requirement to ment based imaging system is the mechanical control of avoid grating lobes but still offer a wide field of view by a transducer element required to obtain images. Tempo- steered beams. A 20 MHz convex array, a 30 MHz phased ral resolution, depth of field and available imaging modes array and 48 MHz/152 MHz dual-element intravascular are not as good as the array based imaging systems. A transducers for preclinical and clinical imaging will be pre- few forms of high frequency arrays and transducers will sented. High frequency arrays and transducers can provide be presented. Array transducers use electronic beamform- high resolution images of any small parts adjacent to the ing, which enables higher frame rates up to 100 frames per skin or accessible through the cavity.

Wed 8:25 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging The New Intracellular Delivery Platform using High Frequency Ultrasound – (Invited, 000250) S. Yoon University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB-128, Los Angeles, 90089, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

High frequency ultrasound (HFU) has unique character- cellular delivery platform for safe and efficient manipu- istics because spatial resolution of HFU approaches sev- lation of cells. To bridge the gap, we utilize single cell eral micrometers. HFU targets single cells, which opens a selectivity of HFU to develop a new intracellular deliv- new research area as well as clinical applications. We are ery platform, known as acoustic-transfection. High fre- mainly developing high frequency ultrasonic transducers quency ultrasound with the center frequency of 150 MHz and devices for cell manipulations for research and clin- has been developed using lithium niobate single crystal. ical applications. To manipulate cell functions, macro- Lithium niobate has excellent electromechanical coupling molecules to induce gene expressions needs to be delivered capability, low dielectric permittivity, and high longitu- into cell cytoplasm. Viral-vectors are potentially tumori- dinal velocity, which is appropriate material for small genic and mutagenic due to insertional integration into size high frequency ultrasound transducers. The aper- host genome. The efficiency of nanoparticle based intracel- ture of the high frequency ultrasonic transducer is 1 mm lular delivery depends on endosomal escape. Thus, there and f-number is 1. The focusing gain of the high fre- has been a high demand for the next generation intra- quency ultrasonic transducer was high enough to disturb Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 127 cell lipid bilayer to induce diffusion-based intracellular de- transfection. Finally, the CRISPR-Cas9 systems were delivery through transient holes on cell membrane. The livered by acoustic-transfection for gene editing. The gene high frequency transducer was integrated with 3D trans- editing results were compared with lipofectamine results lation axis for precise control and fluorescence microscope. to confirm correct gene insertion into targeted location. We have demonstrated the intracellular delivery of small We will further develop acoustic- transfection for clinical molecules and different sizes of dextran. Biologically ac- applications to breakthrough in cancer and stem cell re- tive molecules were also delivered into cells by acoustic- search.

Wed 8:50 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging 4D High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Small Animal Embryonic Heart to Support Computational Flow Simulation Studies – (Contributed, 000024) C. H. Yap, S. Ho, G. X. Y. Tan, T. J. Foo and N. Phan-Thien National University of Singapore, 8 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, 117583 Singapore, Singapore Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Small animal embryos are popular models for studying sets were used for dynamic-mesh CFD. Results showed developmental biology and congenital diseases. Recent that our imaging technique had high resolution to enable work provided evidence that the mechanical force envi- quantification of organ dynamics such as the distention of ronment of blood flow may be essential for normal cardio- carotid arteries, and could image fine structures such as vascular development, while abnormal flow conditions can the aortic arches. CFD simulations showed that ventricu- lead to congenital malformations, thus warranting imag- lar wall shear stress (WSS) were in the range of 0.1-0.5Pa, ing and hemodynamic studies on embryonic cardiovascu- and that the left side of the common ventricle experienced lar system. To this end, we developed a non-invasive 4D lower WSS than the right side. The heart appeared well high-frequency ultrasound technique, and use resulting adapted to generating forward flow despite not having any images for computational flow dynamics (CFD) simula- heart valves at this stage, as the pressure gradient from tions. The imaging technique involved ensemble averag- the inlet to the outlet of the ventricle was positive over ing of images from several cardiac cycles into one cardiac most of the cardiac cycle, and minimal regurgitation flow cycle, via quadratic averaging. This was necessary be- was observed. Our imaging technique was the first non- cause, otherwise, blood spaces and tissue spaces could not invasive 4D imaging technique with sufficient resolution be distinguished in embryonic hearts. Spatial correlations for CFD simulations for chick embryos between 3-6 days were used to synchronize images from different planes dur- old, as existing scan modalities required either injection ing reconstruction in 4D. Three chick embryos at stage or destruction of the embryo sample, or would not have HH25 were scanned with our technique, and two image sufficient depth or imaging depth.

Wed 9:05 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging High Resolution Facial Skin Imaging with Three-dimensional Ultrasound Microscope – (Contributed, 000204) S. Yokoshikia, M. Maedab and Y. Saijob aTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic imaging method is characterized by noninva- skin. Conventional ultrasound gel was used as the cou- siveness and deep penetration, and it is possible to real- pling medium between the transducer and the skin. The ize high resolution imaging by using high frequency ul- scan area was 4.8 mm wide and 3.0 mm deep with 300 trasound. Precise skin imaging technique is desired not x 300 pixels. 150 consecutive B-mode images with the only from clinical medicine but also from beauty industry. interval of 32 µm were reconstructed into volume data. In the present study, thickness of the epidermis and der- MPR images parallel to the skin surface were processed mis was measured and the morphology of the sebaceous for better imaging of sebaceous glands. The cheek showed gland of the skin was observed with three-dimensional ul- much better contrast and deeper penetration depth com- trasound microscope (3D-USM). Skin at the forehead and pared with those of forehead. The surface of the epidermis right cheek of twenty female subjects in the age range be- of the forehead was uneven and the thickness was thicker tween 25 and 40 were observed by 3D-USM. A PVDF- than that of cheek (forehead: 129 ± 28 µm, cheek: 77 ± TrFE concave transducer with the central frequency of 18 µm, p<0.0001). The younger showed better contrast 120 MHz, the aperture diameter of 2.4 mm and the fo- image and the older showed thinner epidermis in the fore- cal length of 4.0 mm was mechanically scanned over the head. The present results showed that the contrast was 128 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook aﬀected by the morphology and properties of the skin sur- forehead and cheek and to apply for assessment of skin face and age of the subjects. 3D-USM is feasible to observe aging. the epidermis, dermis and the sebaceous glands clearly at

Wed 9:20 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging The optimized high frequency intravascular ultrasound transducer design for visualizing bioresorbable scaﬀold – (Invited, 000242) J. Park Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, N-Center #86209 Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Coronary arteriosclerosis is a blood vessel disease which pressures and evaluating the PCI outcomes by checking has narrowed lumen blocked by enlarged plaques includ- the condition of the deployed stent. Recently, the use of ing thrombus, lipid and calcified structures. Convention- bio-resorbable stents (BRS) becomes an emerging trend ally, fluoroscopy has been used for diagnosing the vessel in PCI since the stent relieves the burden of having the disease by projecting x-ray to the coronary artery in one permanent implant. The vessel measurement needs to be direction. Since the specificity of the fluoroscopy is de- more accurate in using BRS than the one for the conven- pendent on the projection angle, intravascular ultrasound tional stent otherwise the stents may be demolished re- (IVUS) imaging which can visualize the cross sectional sulting in death. However, IVUS sometimes lose the echo structures of blood vessels with high resolution becomes signals from BRS and eventually BRS cannot be properly one of the important workflows in percutaneous coronary visualized. In this paper, the BRS imaging with IVUS was Intervention(PCI) for expanding the narrowed blood ves- simulated with PZFlex, and the reason for the disappear- sels rightly with stents. Under those workflows, the roles ance was analyzed. Also, the acoustic transducer design of IVUS Imaging are measuring the diseased blood vessels for compensating the missing stent was proposed, and its for choosing an adequate size of stent and the expansion feasibility was assessed with the computer simulation.

Wed 8:00 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Gigahertz Ultrasonics in Metamaterials – (Invited, 000140) O. B. Wright Hokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Experiments and simulations on both optical and acous- like an array of tiny tuning forks. Possible applications of tic metamaterials interacting with GHz vibrations are pre- this work are in ultrafast modulation and sensing. sented. We firstly consider the extraordinary transmission of GHz surface acoustic waves through nanoscale meta- References 1 J. J. Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, material structures based on thin resonant bridges, show- 244302 (2013). 2 V. E. Gusev and O. B. Wright, New. J. ing how significant improvements in the acoustic trans- Phys. 16, 123053 (2014). 3 O. B. Wright and O. Matsuda, mission can be obtained at specific resonant frequencies. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 373, 20140364 (2015). 4 S. H. We then present the GHz modulation of the optical ex- Lee and O. B. Wright, Phys, Rev. B 93, 024302 (2016). 5 traordinary transmission through a nanoscale hole-array S. Mezil et al., Sci. Rep. 6, 33380 (2016). 6 R. Ulbricht structure, and the GHz modulation of the optical reflec- et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 091910 (2017) 7 Y. Imade tion from a split-ring resonator metamaterial that vibrates et al., Nano Letters (2017) (in press)

Wed 8:25 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Picosecond Acoustic Computed Tomography in a Microscopic Fibre – (Contributed, 000182) S. Mezil, P. H. Otsuka, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. Wright Hokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to obtain in- many different angles with an appropriate radiative field. ternal cross-sectional images of a sample without cutting The imaging can be realised either in transmission or in it open. This is achieved by accessing the object from reflection mode. Acoustic computed tomography offers Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 129 the advantage of imaging by a completely non-destructive tion rate. The pump beam is fixed and focused on one side means, but has not yet been developed in acoustics for of the fibre whereas the probe beam is focused either from micron-order spatial resolutions. In this talk, we aim the opposite direction (positioned at 180◦ with respect to to overcome this limitation by using picosecond laser ul- the pump beam) or perpendicular to it (at 90◦ with re- trasonics. Ultrashort-pulsed lasers can generate acoustic spect to the pump beam). The scattered transmitted field pulses up to hundreds of GHz, offering a way to improve at different detection points is recorded and then analysed the spatial resolution down to less than 100 nm. In the and compared with simulations. The latter are carried out present study, we aspire to image a micron-sized glass fibre with acoustic finite-element software. Experiments and coated in aluminium, and containing two holes inside. The simulations show the possibility of performing acoustic CT holes offer a large impedance mismatch and simulate natu- in transmission down to sub-micron resolution by rotating ral defects. The objective is to detect and distinguish both the probe beam and the sample. This new approach has holes. Experiments are conducted using a 1070 nm laser, promising applications in nanoscale non-destructive test- frequency-doubled to 535 nm and with a 70 MHz repeti- ing and medical applications.

Wed 8:40 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Imaging subsurface features in a micro-scale slab using laser ultrasonics at GHz frequencies – (Contributed, 000208) P. H. Otsukaa, K. Miyoshib, S. Mezila, M. Tomodaa, O. Matsudaa and O. B. Wrighta aHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-Ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Laser-ultrasonics is well known to be a very useful ap- distributions of ∼3 µm diameter polystyrene spheres us- proach for investigating a wide range of microstructures. ing finite element time-domain simulations. The waves are In particular, the imaging of laser-induced acoustic wave excited with a broadband spectrum up to GHz frequen- propagation has been shown to reveal effects such as cies by a point source of varying sizes and positions. We waveguiding, focusing and refraction in structures such then attempt to construct images of the sample interior as phononic crystals and metamaterials. Currently, laser- using measurements of the wave amplitude on the sample ultrasonic imaging is generally limited to 2D surfaces. surfaces. Although diffraction, reflection and mode con- However, there are many potential applications for prob- version effects complicate the analysis and limit the appli- ing internal structures. Ultrasound is already a well estab- cability of existing approaches, by varying the excitation lished tool for applications such as flaw detection and med- conditions we are able to combine the measurements to ical diagnostics. By means of ultrafast laser techniques, produce images of the buried features in particular cases. extending laser-ultrasonics to the imaging of buried mi- We discuss the validity and limitations of the approach crostructures would open up a new field of investigation, in terms of an experimental system based on an ultrafast which could include 3D phononic crystals, metamaterials laser pump-probe setup. The results should help guide fur- and biological cells. ther experimental and theoretical work towards practical With this goal in mind, here we model acoustic wave prop- implementation of micro-scale laser-ultrasonics subsurface agation in 5 µm thick titanium plates containing scattered imaging.

Wed 8:55 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 GHz frequency S1 Lamb mode resonator – (Contributed, 000082) D. M. Photiadis, M. K. Zalalutdinov, S. G. Carter, A. S. Bracker, M. Kim, C. S. Kim, D. G. Gammon and B. H. Houston US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, 20375-5000, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The potential for nanomechanical resonators to be em- attractive configuration because they allow modern nano- ployed as coupling elements in electromechanical or op- fabrication methods to be employed and potentially en- tomechanical systems has been a topic of great recent in- able integration with conventional electronic and optical terest for both sensing applications and fundamental re- devices. However, utilizing free standing films typically research into quantum interference effects. High frequency, stricts the frequency to the MHz or low GHz range because high quality factor resonators are important because they of the low flexural stiffness (associated with the A0 Lamb provide for coupling over a broader frequency range and mode) of such films. In principle, much higher frequencies enable higher temperature operation in envisioned quan- can be be attained using the higher order Lamb modes tum coherent measurements. Planar geometries are an (S1 and above) because the restoring forces of such modes 130 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook are determined primarily by the thickness dimension and tical excitation of a high quality factor, 13.8GHz S1 Lamb are orders of magnitude larger than the flexural restoring mode in a free standing, 190nm thick GaAs film. Based forces. At the same time, desirable lateral transport of on our results, resonant ∼50GHz S1 modes corresponding vibrational energy is preserved. We report here on the ob- to 50nm GaAs films should be readily accessible. servation and theoretical description of the picosecond op- This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research.

Wed 9:10 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Imaging of Buried Microstructures by Nonlinear Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000102) B. Perrin, E. P´eronne, L. Belliard and L. Becerra INSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic microscopy is a well established field for imaging using near field optical microscopy [2] or acoustic lenses microscopic structures. An ultimate resolution of 20 nm [3] to probe surface objects. A main advantage of acous- has been reached in cryogenic acoustic microscopy dur- tic imaging over some other techniques comes from the ing the eighties using 8 GHz acoustic waves propagating fact that it can probe structures far below the surface and through superfluid liquid helium which has both a very low nanometric acoustic waves can propagate over large dis- acoustic damping and a very low sound velocity [1]. In this tances in solids at low temperatures. We tried to enjoy configuration, only surface structures could be probed and these properties and will present imaging of deeply em- the field of atomic force microscopy, which was emerging bedded microstructures using picosecond laser ultrasonics at the same period, rapidly superseded this approach. Us- at low temperature in a nonlinear regime of propagation. ing picosecond laser ultrasonics where it’s fairly easy to produce and detect acoustic waves with wavelengths of a [1] Calvin Quate, Physics Today 38,34 (1985) [2] T. Bi- few tens of nm is inviting but a main drawback comes enville, L. Belliard, P. Siry and B. Perrin, Superlat- from the limitation of pump and probe spot diameters to tices and Microstructures 35, 363 (2004) [3] S. Che, P.R. classical optical resolution. Nevertheless some attempts Guduru, A.V. Nurmikko, H.J. Maris, Ultrasonics 56, 153 of picosecond laser ultrasonics imaging have been made (2015)

Wed 9:25 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Single Nanowire acting as Acoustic Resonator and Emitter – (Contributed, 000006) L. Belliarda, C. Jeana, T. W. Corneliusb, O. Thomasb, Y. Pennecc, M. Cassinellid, M. Eugenia Toimil-Molaresd and B. Perrina aINSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; bIM2NP, Aix-Marseille Universiteé, CNRS UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France; cInstitut d’eélectronique, de microeélectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universiteéde Lille-1, Citeéscientifique, 59652 Villeneuve- D’Ascq, France; dGSI Helmholtz, Centre for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Since the pioneer work of M. Orrit, investigating the dy- to excite few breathing harmonic modes in copper single namic response of single gold nanospheres, a large variety nanowire. The high spectral resolution achieved allowed of materials and particle shape has been considered like to investigate nanoporous or core-shell single nanowire. nanoprisms, nanowires, nanorings, nanocubes, nanorods, Additionally, the 1D shape of our samples gives us the dimer nanoparticules and nanoparticles. Generally, the vi- opportunity to analyze guided acoustics modes along the brational modes observed are assigned to breathing modes nanowire axis. We show that the observation of propa- of the structure. According to the particle shape, addi- gating acoustic waves in nanoscale waveguides provides tional extensional or flexural signatures have been also re- additional elastic information’s. Furthermore, it gives the ported. The common denominator of all these previous opportunity to unambiguously discriminate which mode is studies is the clear evidence that particle coupling with excited and detected using pump and probe time-resolved the local environment leads to a huge damping rate. The spectroscopy. Finally, nanowires could play the role of particle/substrate interaction is at the origin of the acous- monochromatic acoustic sources when deposited on a sub- tic energy transfer into the substrate. As a direct con- strate. The irradiated field is analysed using spatiotempo- sequence, the resonator exhibits a low quality factor. To ral imaging, to nanowire orientation investigation thanks reach a high quality factor response, the elastic energy to the anisotropy field measured. must be confined into the nanostructure and any mechan- C. Jean, L. Belliard, T. W. Cornelius, O. Thomas, Y. Pen- ical coupling must be suppressed. Experimentally, this nec, M. Cassinelli, M. Eugenia Toimil-Molares, B. Perrin, is achieved by investigating free standing nanostructures. Nano Lett. 16 (10), 6592-6598 (2016) C. Jean, L. Belliard, Taking advantage of such geometry we have been able first L. Becerra, B. Perrin. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 193103 Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 131

(2015) C. Jean, L. Belliard, TW. Cornelius, O. Thomas, ME. Toimil-Molares, M. Cassinelli, L. Becerra, B. Perrin. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 (23) 4100-4104 (2014)

Wed 9:40 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2 Guide wave excitation and detection in a single nanowire – (Contributed, 000115) A. Nagakuboa, T. Taniguchia, H. Ogib and T. Onoa aKyoto University, S-233C, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokajo, 611-0011 Uji, Kyoto, Japan; bOsaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Picosecond laser ultrasonics is a great method to study with antenna by using electron beam lithography, and ex- acoustic properties of nanostructures in a sub-terahertz cite phonons at the antenna and detect the guide wave in a region. It has revealed many important and interest- single nanowire at the other edged. We control the wave- ing properties such as relationship between out-of-plane length and propagation distance by changing the antenna sound velocity or elastic constants and structures, strains, pitch and the wire length to establish a dispersion rela- and defects in nanoﬁlms. Surface wave propagation and tionship. We also theoretically calculate it and compere collective excitations of nanowires or nanoparticles have them, which enable us discuss the size eﬀect and design been studied, and picosecond laser ultrasonics is also used nano-order wave guide. Our measurement and calculation for bioscience application such as protein sensors and cell contribute to further applications which uses ultrafast and imaging. In this study, we make isolated metal nanowires ultrashort phonon in a few GHz region.

Wed 8:00 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2 A Pilot Test of Ultrasonic Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil in Oilﬁeld – (Contributed, 000031) D. Xua, C. Lib, J. Dengc, W. Lind and L. Baia aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; dState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The high temperature, high pressure and high density in- The experiments show that it is feasible. Based on the side a collapsed acoustic bubble is the mechanism and experiments, a ultrasonic batch processing prototype of foundation of sonication in liquid. The development of 10kW for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil is de- acoustic cavitation in theory and in experiment is reviewed signed and developed. A pilot test is done in the oil field briefly from the first stage of the 20th century. The bottle- in the northwest of China. The pilot test shows that it can neck problem of sonication in liquid on the industry scale be used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil for the is analyzed emphatically and up to now, it is still unsolved. practical production and transportation on the industrial In this paper, optimizing the spatial distribution of acous- scale. At last, the perspective of the acoustic processing tic cavitation is investigated to overcome the bottleneck. is discussed.

Wed 8:15 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2 Scalable Time Series Feature Engineering Framework to Understand Multiphase Flow using Acoustic Signals – (Contributed, 000196) M. K. Mudunurua, V. K. Chillarab, S. Karrac and D. Sinhad aLOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, 3000 TRINITY DR, #83, Los Alamos, 87544, USA; bLos Alamos National Laboratory, 3000 Trinity Dr Apt 83, Los Alamos, 87544-2337, USA; cLOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, TA-03, Building 0261, Room F200E, MAIL STOP T003, Los Alamos, 87545, USA; dLos Alamos National Laboratory, E202, TA03, Bldg 40, Los Alamos, 87545, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 132 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Time series signals are central to understand and identify sor nodes can enable timely analyses and decrease event the state of a dynamical system. They are ubiquitous in detection latency. Such a workflow can be useful for many many areas related to geosciences, climate, oil & gas, and real-time monitoring and sensing applications. An attrac- structural health monitoring. As a result, the theory and tive way to construct a computationally efficient workflow techniques for analyzing and modeling time series have for automated analysis of time-series data is through ma- vast applications in many different scientific disciplines. chine learning. In this paper, we present a scalable time One of the key challenges that the time-series data ana- series feature extraction framework for feature construc- lysts face is that of information/data overload. Further- tion, feature selection, and feature filtering. As a first step, more, the sheer volume of the time-series data generated we construct comprehensive time-series signal features. In at the sensor node makes it difficult to transport the data the second step, we perform feature selection using hy- to centralized databases. These aspects pose an obstacle pothesis testing and mutual information algorithms. The for data analysts in detecting changes in the system re- proposed framework is tested and validated against ultra- sponse as early as possible. Instead, a workflow for an sonic sensing datasets obtained from multiphase flow loop efficient and automatic reduction of collected data at sen- experiments.

Wed 8:30 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2 A Spectral Gamma Ray Logging Tool with 57mm Outer Diameter for Deep Mineral Resources Prospect- ing – (Contributed, 000036) D. Xua, W. Mab and X. Wangb aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The concentration of K, U and Th and their mutual ra- deposit resources prospecting due to its smaller hole. In tios represent geochemical information, which can be used this paper, a spectral gamma ray logging tool with 57mm as proxy of grain size, porosity, shaliness content, clay outer diameter and 2m length is developed for deep min- mineralogy, modal composition of sandstone and organic eral resources exploration. The tool is composed of a NaI carbon content. Therefore, spectral gamma ray logging detector, data acquisition, processing and communication (GRS) is a powerful tool and widely used in subsurface system and a high voltage source. The tests in the ﬁeld stratigraphy to identify facies, and for borehole correla- show that the GRS tool can operate at 150 degree Cel- tion and sequence-stratigraphic interpretation in oil ex- sius, 80Mpa environment. It can be used in 4000m depth ploration. But until now, few are used in solid mineral mineral resources prospecting.

Wed 10:00 307B Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials Wavefront Manipulations via Acoustic Metasurfaces – (Invited, 000297) Y. Lia, B. Liangb, J. C. Chengb, L. Zhangc and Y. Jingd aInstitute of Acoustics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; bKey Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China; cNational Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA; dDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Manipulating sound waves is a powerful tool with wide- units, metasurfaces modulate effectively incident sound ranging applications such as ultrasound imaging and non- energy and steer the emergent (reflected or transmitted) destructive testing. Conventional acoustic devices usually wave field in a desired way. Some fascinating acoustic have a thickness comparable to its working wavelength, phenomena were realized both theoretically and experi- resulting in major drawbacks in real applications, espe- mentally including anomalous reflections, non- diffracting cially in low frequency range. To overcome this limitation, beams, perfect sound absorber, self-bending beams, vortex acoustic metasurfaces, which are novel family of wavefront beams and tunable asymmetric transmission. Comparing shaping devices with planar feature and ultra-thin thick- to the conventional active devices, acoustic metasurfaces ness, were proposed. By using labyrinthine units or hy- is notably appealing for its simplicity, low cost, and good brid resonant units, reflected or transmitted phase can be acoustic performance, showing great potentials in various freely tuned cover 2π range. With desirable phase pro- applications. file provided by constructed metasurfaces using discrete Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 133

Wed 10:25 307B Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials Topologically protected acoustic helical edge states and interface states in acoustic networks – (Invited, 000105) Y. X. Shen, Y. G. Peng and X. F. Zhu School of physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan Hubei, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Time-reversal(T)-invariant topological insulator is widely Here, I want to present T-invariant acoustic topological in- recognized as one of the fundamental discoveries in con- sulators based on acoustic networks. The proposed model densed matter physics, for which the most fascinating hall- is a coupled ring lattice based on Chalker-Coddington net- mark is perhaps a spin based topological protection. Re- works, where topological phase transition occurs as the cently, it has created a paradigm shift for topological in- inter-ring coupling strength surpasses a threshold and the sulators, from electronics to photonics, mechanics as well topological transport is featured with broadband and low as acoustics, bringing about not only involved new physics loss. but also potential applications in robust wave transport.

Wed 10:50 307B Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption of Acoustic Waves with Bubble Meta-Screens – (Contributed, 000152) M. Lanoy, R.-M. Guillermic, A. Strybulevych and J. H. Page University of Manitoba - Department of Physics and Astronomy, 30A Sifton Road, Allen building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Air bubbles placed in a yield-stress fluid or soft solid are can be embedded, that is impedance-matched to the wa- excellent candidates for creating acoustic metamaterials, ter surrounding it, so that water-matrix reflections can be as they exhibit a strong low-frequency monopolar res- eliminated. Impedance matching was achieved by adding onance, which can lead to interesting effective acoustic submicron filler particles (TiO2) to a soft solid matrix of properties at wavelengths that can be hundreds of times PDMS, with the TiO2 particle concentration having been larger than the radius of the bubbles. For example, ul- determined by effective medium models, so that the longi- trathin monolayers of bubbles in a soft solid matrix have tudinal velocity and density of the cured mixture leads to been shown to reflect or absorb water-borne acoustic waves the same acoustic impedance as water. The second step very effectively. In this presentation, we show how a bub- consists in optimizing the structure of the bubble layer ble metalayer can be optimized to create a coherent per- in order to maximize the absorption over a broad range fect absorber for acoustic waves. Since the concept of a of frequencies, a process that was guided by the predic- coherent perfect absorber, or ”anti-laser”, was first pro- tions of a simple but accurate analytic model. This op- posed in optics, there has been growing interest in devel- timization occurs when the viscous dissipation equals the oping coherent perfect absorbers for acoustic waves. Per- radiative damping (critical coupling), giving an optimum fect absorption can be achieved by coherently illuminating relation between the bubble radius and separation. Model a metamaterial (or metalayer of bubbles in our case) us- predictions, experimental observations and the results of ing two oppositely propagating incident beams. The first simulations will be presented. step is to design a soft matrix, into which the bubbles

Wed 11:05 307B Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials Optical holographic imaging of three-dimensional complex ultrasonic ﬁeld – (Contributed, 000240) Q. Chenga, X. Zhenga, Y. Lib, M. Qiana, Q. Zhanc and X. Wangd aInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; cDepartment of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio, 45469, USA; dUniversity of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Three-dimensional complex ultrasonic fields design has re- tiple targets or virtual tactility for arbitrary shape, have ceived significant attention for particle and cell manipu- started to emerge. However, imaging of whole ultrasonic lation over the past couple of years, largely due to ad- field is still a challenge comparing to point-by-point field vances of acoustic phononic crystals and metamatertials. scanning method. Here, we demonstrated several designs Other applications, such as ultrasound therapy with mul- of 3D ultrasonic field including acoustic vortices, nonpla- 134 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook nar fields, and abnormal refraction fields controlled by speed camera, computed tomography and optical imaging phononic crystal, acoustic metamatertial or phased trans- methods. The sound pressure was also quantitatively cal- ducer array. Their dynamic ultrasonic fields were imaged ibrated. This optical holographic imaging technique will and reconstructed holographically and non-invasively with be of great help to the research and development of 3D fine resolution and high efficiency by combinating high complex ultrasonic field.

Wed 10:00 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 3 Optimization Design and Experimental Evidence of Light- Weighted Lattice Structures with Wide Bandgaps – (Invited, 000070) Y.-S. Wanga, H.-W. Dongb, Y.-F. Wangc, C.-L. Yangd and C. Zhange aBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China; bBeijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; cBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044 Beijing, China; dBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing Beijing, China; eDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Design of light-weighted lattice structures with wide metry (e.g. the rotational symmetry or asymmetry) have bandgaps is challenging. In this paper the multi-objective wider bandgaps. In other words, the light weighted lat- optimization method based on the fast non- dominated tices with curved arms can yield wide bandgaps. Based sorting-based genetic algorithm II is used to yield the on the optimization results, we design a lattice structure Pareto optimal solutions which provide optimized designs with zig-zag arms which exhibits multiple wide bandgaps. of lattice structures with various porosities. Particularly, The mechanism of the generation of the multiple wide the lattice structures exhibiting wide bandgaps with large bandgaps is discussed. Finally, a specimen of a zig-zag porosity are presented. The high symmetry, rotational lattice structure made of stainless steel was fabricated and symmetry and asymmetry of the unit cell are considered. tested to evidence the wide bandgaps. The results show that the structures with a reduced sym-

Wed 10:25 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 3 Strong Coupling of Phononic Cavity Modes in 1D Corrugated Nanobeam – (Contributed, 000180) Y. Pennec, A. Korovin and B. Djafari-Rouhani Institut d’eélectronique, de microeélectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universiteéde Lille-1, Citeéscientifique, 59652 Villeneuve- D’Ascq, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Recently, phononic and photonic properties have been and extended to real three-dimensional structures with the combined into a single platform, then providing a new tool help of finite element method. We show that the overlap- to control light and sound simultaneously. Such artificial ping of two closely spaced phononic cavity modes leads materials are termed phoXonic crystals. While canonical to the formation of symmetric and antisymmetric modes, cavity optomechanical devices have seen significant devel- which can be used for the modulation of the frequency opment, recent interest now turns to engineering more and the quality factors of the propagating cavity modes. complex on-chip phonon networks utilizing guided me- In addition, the efficient coupling of cavity modes with the chanical waves to connect optomechanical systems. Re- modes of a phononic waveguide connected between the two alizing on-chip phonon networks requires engineering the phononic cavities has been demonstrated. We show that phonon modes and the coupling of these modes to each such coupling can be used to route, control and modu- other in a controllable way. We propose here to study late phononic cavity modes over large distances between theoretically the coupling of two phononic cavities and cavities. This demonstration paves the way to engineer- their interfacing through a phononic waveguide for co- ing complex on-chip phonons networks utilizing mechan- herent control of the elastic waves. This work has been ical waves to connect quantum systems as phononic or performed through a simple equivalent multilayer method optomechanical cavities.

Wed 10:40 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 3 Loss Compensation in Time-Dependent Elastic Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000213) Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 135

D. Torrenta, W. Parnellb and A. Norrisc aCentre de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France; bSchool of Mathematics, Univ. of Manchester, Alan Turing Building-G.112, M13 9PL Manchester, UK; cMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, 08854-8058, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In this work we derive an exact expression for the ampli- the ampliﬁcation due to time-dependent properties com- tude of elastic or acoustic waves propagating along lossy pensates the dissipation of the material. This condition materials in which the properties are periodically modu- is indeed a relationship between the band-gap due to the lated in time. It is found that these materials can present temporal modulation and the average of the viscosity co- a special propagation regime in which waves travel at con- eﬃcient, therefore we provide a single recipe for the design stant amplitude, compensating in this way the dissipation of loss-compensated mechanical metamaterials. of energy. We derive the general condition under which

Wed 11:10 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 3 A high-quality narrow passband ﬁlter for elastic SV waves via aligned parallel separated thin polymethylmethacrylate plates – (Contributed, 000047) J. Zhanga, Y. Liua, W. Yanb and N. Huc aChongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing,China, College of Aerospace Engineering, 400044 Chongqing, China; bInstitute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; cChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

We designed a high-quality filter that consists of aligned flawless transmission within the investigated frequencies. parallel polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin plates These peaks can be readily tuned by manipulating the with small gaps for elastic SV waves propagate in metals. geometry parameters of the PMMA plates. Our investi- Both the theoretical model and the full numerical simu- gation finds that the same filter performs well for different lation show the transmission spectrum of the elastic SV metals where the elastic SV waves propagated. waves through such a filter has several sharp peaks with

Wed 10:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 3 Cavitation biophysics: single-cell observations of sonoporation episodes – (Invited, 000258) A. C. Yu University of Waterloo, EIT 4125, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A keystone in microbubble-mediated drug delivery is the cell chamber (with a single cell monolayer) was mounted sonoporation phenomenon in which ultrasound-triggered onto the imaging plane. Cell membrane was fluorescently microbubble collapse would generate a cavitational force labeled using the CellMask Orange dye. Lipid-shelled mi- that is strong enough to puncture cellular membrane. Our crobubbles were then introduced on a 1:1 cell/bubble ratio. current scientific understanding of sonoporation is however After that, a single ultrasound pulse (1 MHz frequency, quite limited. To properly harness sonoporation for ther- 10 cycles, 0.75 MPa in-situ peak negative pressure) was apeutic applications, it is unarguably vital to characterize applied to instigate microbubble pulsation and collapse. the fundamental biophysical processes involved. Of par- Over this process, the surface topography of plasma mem- ticular relevance are two membrane-level processes that brane was imaged in real-time. epitomize the notion of sonoporation: 1) how membrane Localized perforation of cell membrane was synchronized perforation is induced by ultrasound-microbubble interac- with the time course of microbubble collapse. The pore tions, and 2) how the membrane remodels itself following size was highly time-dependent: it expanded for a limited an episode of sonoporation. time after microbubble collapse (up to 7 um diameter), af- To monitor cell-microbubble interactions, a real-time ter which resealing started to take place. The pore size was imaging platform was developed. It was a composite sys- generally greater than the microbubble (mean diameter: tem that coupled a 1 MHz ultrasound module to a confocal 2.2 um). During recovery, the perforation site exhibited a microscope. A nose-cone shaped waveguide (1” diameter, contractile ring morphology. These findings demonstrate 7.5 cm height) was devised to align the ultrasound beam that membrane-level processes in sonoporation are highly focus to the microscope’s imaging plane. A custom-made dynamic. 136 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Wed 10:25 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 3 Biophysics of Sonoporation – (Invited, 000319) B. Helﬁeld Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasound-triggered microbubbles are currently being ex- physics responsible for safe therapeutic delivery, as well plored as non-viral vectors for local therapeutic deliv- as the resulting cellular biophysics of membrane perfo- ery. This approach, which initiates transient increases ration and recovery will be discussed. Experimental rein cellular and vascular permeability induced by bub- sults from microscopy experiments conducted on individ- ble cavitation, has shown initial success in pre-clinical ual microbubble-cell complexes will be presented. In con- cancer and cardiovascular disease models, as well clini- clusion, the focusing of ultrasonic energy via microbub- cal success in the opening of the blood-brain-barrier for ble cavitation can be harnessed to deliver large macro- brain treatments. In this presentation, the recent ad- molecules to neighboring tissue and holds promise for tar- vances in mechanistic understanding of the salient bubble geted drug and gene delivery applications.

Wed 10:50 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 3 Inactivation of Planktonic Escherichia Coli by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Pulses – (Invited, 000143) T. J. Matulaa, A. A. Braymanb, B. E. Macconaghyb, Y.-N. Wangb, K. T. Chanc, W. L. Monskyc, V. P. Chernikovd, S. V. Buravkove and V. A. Kohklovaf aCenter for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, University of Washington, Kirkland, 98033, USA; bCenter for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105, USA; cDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105, USA; dResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Tsyurupa Street 3, 117418 Moscow, Russian Federation; eFundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russian Federation; f Department of Acoustics, Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

This study addresses inactivation of E. coli in vitro using for 0.1 mL samples from an earlier study. Corresponding pulsed ultrasound and cavitation as a ﬁrst step toward inactivation rates were 42, 1000, or 833 million cells/min noninvasive treatment of human abscesses. Cells were for the 0.1, 5, or 10 mL treatments, respectively. Surviv- cultured in tryptic soy broth until a cell concentration ing cells from 5 min exposures of both 5 and 10 ml sam- of about 1 x 10ˆ 9 cells/mL was achieved. The cultures ples appeared normal under light microscopy, with mini- were removed from the incubator and allowed to stand at mal debris; after 20 min, debris dominated. TEM images room temperature as 5 or 10 mL aliquots were removed of insonated samples showed some undamaged cells, a few and transferred to the corresponding exposure vessel. The damaged but largely intact cells, and comminuted debris. cell suspensions were exposed to 1-MHz pulsed HIFU (10 TEM results showed that the rate of HIFU-induced bac- cycles, 2 kHz repetition frequency, +65/-12.8 MPa focal terial inactivation is much greater than the microscopic pressures, +65 MPa shock amplitude). Studies were per- appearance would suggest as cellular damage associated formed with 0, 1, 2, 5, and 20 minute exposures. Surviv- with substantive but incomplete levels of inactivation can ing fraction was assessed by coliform assay. Inactivation be subtle. This study demonstrates the potential of us- kinetics were curvilinear; the time course of bacterial inac- ing HIFU for disinfection of abscesses. This research was tivation slowed as sample volume increased. Inactivation supported by NIH 5R01EB019365-02, 2R01EB007643-09, of 50% cells was achieved in 2.5 or 6 minutes for 5 or 10 ml and RFBR 16-02-00653. samples, respectively, as compared to about 1.2 minutes

Wed 11:15 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 3 Ultrasonic treatment for marine growth and its veriﬁcation through sea-trial – (Contributed, 000069) J. Leea and J. Parkb aChangwon National University, Rm.53-312, School of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon Nat’l Univ., Sarim-dong, Uichang-gu, 51140 Changwon, Republic of Korea; bSamsung Ship Model Basin, Samsung Heavy Industries, Science town, 34051 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 137

Long term experiments were performed to verify the ef- nusoidal ultrasound in an intermittent manner, they emit- fect of ultrasonic anti-fouling method in a huge-sized ves- ted high intensity sound reaching 214 dB at source level, sel. Although there are several studies mostly conducted which caused the cavitation around the adjacent water experiments in laboratory environments, this work has a and eventually deterred the settlement of marine fouling distinct contribution in that the sea-trial tests for ultra- organisms. Visual materials obtained after the trial were sonic anti-fouling were systematically designed and their used to qualitatively show that heavy animal-type foul- effectiveness was clearly verified. Soon after the hull cleaning was accumulated only in the control group and not in ing had been made, the ultrasound system of six-channel the treatment group. Moreover, subsequent quantitative configuration was developed by considering the sound at- analysis provided an evidence that ultrasound can deter tenuation factor as well as the pressure correction to com- the fouling growth by about 73%. From investigations in pensate the difference between anechoic- and reverberant- the above, it can be concluded that ultrasonic treatment acoustic fields. The six projectors were evenly deployed is effective in a large-scale application as well. around the starboard shell plate only. Driven by 23 kHz si-

Wed 10:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Residual stress estimation using acoustoelastic eﬀect of surface acoustic wave – (Contributed, 000206) J. Juna, Y.-D. Shima, K.-Y. Jhanga, J. Youb and C. H. Limb aHanyang University, ISNDE Laboratory 203-2,Engineering Center Annex, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 04763 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bSamsung Electronics Company Global Technology Center Core Technology Team, 129, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 16677 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Unintended residual stress can be very detrimental to the the surface acoustic wave energy is concentrated on the performance of a material or the life of a component. surface of inspected object, surface acoustic wave is ap- Structures designed without considering residual stress propriate to meet the need for monitoring of the surface will shorten the operating life or cause the failure. For residual stress. The experimental method using the sur- this reason, it is important to develop reliable methods for face acoustic waves requires an acoustoelastic calibration the measurement of these stresses and stress gradient in factors (time-of-flight at free stress condition,t0 and the the inspected object. Nowadays XRD (X-ray diffraction) acoustoelastic coefficient,K) and an accurate measurement technique is most commonly used to measure the residual of the time-of-flight (TOF). For precise measurement, the stress. However, this technique takes too much time and SAW propagation distance is strictly fixed and various fac- uses harmful radioactive rays. To cover this weakness, tors that may cause errors in the measurement of TOF the acoustoelastic method is introduced, which is based were taken into account. To obtain the acoustoelastic cal- on the fact that isotropic material changes slightly into ibration factors, experiments are performed on aluminum anisotropic when residual stress is remained. And so that alloy specimens which are stressed by hydraulic press and the acoustic wave velocity differs depending on the prin- tensile testing machine. Thereafter, the stress applied to cipal stress direction of the residual stress as well as the the specimen is estimated using the calibration factors. magnitude of stress. In this study, the acosutoelastic effect The estimated stress values and gradients of stress showed of surface acoustic waves (SAW) are used to estimate the good agreement with the actual stresses and stress gradi- residual stress on the surface of aluminum alloys. Since ents.

Wed 10:15 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Development of Defect Sizing Algorithm for Surface Micro-Defect Using the Leaky Rayleigh Wave – (Contributed, 000225) Y. T. Yeoma, Y. S. Lima, H. J. Kima, S. J. Songa, S. D. Kwonb and S. W. Yooc aSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Serbo-ro, Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon-Si, Republic of Korea; bAndong National University, 1375, Gyeongdong-ro, 36729 Andong-Si, Republic of Korea; cGachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, 13120 Seongnam-Si, Republic of Korea Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

The micro-cracks on the surface of the material have there are few studies on detection and evaluation methods been seriously considered in high-temperature and high- for surface micro-crack using the Rayleigh waves. since pressure environments of thermal power and nuclear power Rayleigh waves could be applied to detect micro-cracks on plants. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively de- the surface of materials. In general, depth and length siz- tect and evaluate surface micro-cracks in the range of tens ing of surface micro-cracks estimated using reﬂected and of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. However, transmitted Rayleigh wave from the cracks. But Rayleigh 138 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook waves propagated along the surface area and lose the en- rithm for depth sizing of surface micro-cracks will be de- ergy by leaking to water or attenuation in immersion or veloped Furthermore, Developed defect sizing algorithm contact testing method. Therefore, To accurate sizing sur- will be evaluated by using the EDM notch specimen In face micro-crack, correlating leaky and attenuation factor the presentation, leaky and attenuation factor of Rayleigh of Rayleigh wave is needed so, in this study, attenuation waves and according of development sizing algorithm will and leaky factor of Rayleigh wave according to variation be predicted of propagation distance and using correlation factor algo-

Wed 10:30 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Interrogation of Lamb Wave Interaction with Disbond in Adhesively Bonded Joint – (Contributed, 000325) M. Liu and F. Cui IHPC A*Star, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, 138632 Singapore, Singapore Corresponding author E-mail: liu{_}[email protected]

Adhesively bonded joints, such as lap-shear joints or re- tion of continuous sinusoidal Lamb waves into the disbond pair patches, are frequently adopted in structural appli- area. Using this approach, the excitation of single Lamb cations. The adhesive aging, quality of surface prepara- wave mode at a single frequency is enabled, which excludes tion, as well as the exposure to external harsh environment the mutual disturbance of multiple modes at a finite fre- and loading, may degrade the quality of adhesive, leading quency band. Several regions at the dispersion curve of to disbond and decrease of the interfacial strength of the Lamb waves propagating in sandwich structure were in- bonded joints. This study addresses the nondestructive vestigated with the developed numerical model, showing evaluation of disbond using guided Lamb wave-based ap- different sensitivity to the disbond characterized by the proach. When Lamb wave interacts with disbond, both change of arrival time and magnitude of Lamb wave. The wave reflection and mode conversion complicate the wave obtained numerical results show a highly matched consis- transmission, making the interrogation of Lamb wave to tency with conventional time-domain numerical approach characterize disbond difficult. A frequency domain finite and experimental results. element was adopted in this study to model the propaga-

Wed 10:45 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Characterisation and Modelling of Surface Wave EMATs for Optimal Coil Design – (Contributed, 000110)

C. B. Thring, S. Hill, A. Feeney, S. Dixon and R. S. Edwards University of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Surface defect detection can be carried out using Electro- ral DC filter, giving them improved signal to noise ratios magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs), which operate compared to linear coils. The two directions of current using a non-contact transduction mechanism enabling in- flow allow them to be used at higher frequencies for the spection in harsh environments. Understanding and op- same width of coil than linear, allowing for detection of timising transducer design is essential for obtaining opti- smaller defects, due to the improved generation efficiency. mised signal strength and enabling high frequency opera- Effects from the generation coil are found to be mini- tion, increasing the potential applications, such as inspec- mal, with detector effects dominating the behaviour of tion through coatings, and detection of small defects. Lin- an EMAT-EMAT set-up. The behaviour of both designs ear EMAT coils have traditionally been used for Rayleigh shows a set of peaks and minima in detection at set wave- wave generation and are well understood. Racetrack coils lengths which depend on the coil geometry. Maximum de- offer an alternative design, using the full extent of the coil tection efficiency for a continuous wave can be predicted to actively generate ultrasound. by considering the Fourier transform of the spatial extent The relationship between coil width and frequency output of the coil. Shorter wave packets are found to lower this is investigated for both linear and racetrack coil designs peak, and an analytical model is used to predict racetrack in both detection and generation, using analytical calcu- coil behaviour confirmed by the experimental data. The lations, finite element modelling and experimental work. effects of focusing on the frequency behaviour is considered The use of racetrack coil EMATs is shown to give a natu- using finite element modelling. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 139

Wed 11:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Tungsten Thin Film Thickness Cartography With Nanometric Resolution Using Picosecond Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000224) A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon Neta, Rue Fran¸cois Mitterand, 33400 Talence, France, Metropolitan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In electronics or in photovoltaics industry, wafers, which interfaces. At the wafer surface, the acoustic wave can are used to make chips or solar panels, are composed be detected, with a resolution of a few hundred femtosec- by starks of bounded thin films of tens or hundreds of onds, by a second laser. By studying the time flight of nanometers. One of the problematics of these industries the acoustic wave, like a sonar does, it is possible to es- is to control, in reasonable time, the thickness of these timate the thickness of thin film layer of the wafer, in a thin layers. non-destructive way and without any contact. On these wafers, very high frequency ultrasounds can be We will justify this statement by presenting a mapping generated by a femtosecond laser. These ultrasounds, which illustrates the thickness of around 255nm thin film which propagate through the studied sample, are par- tungsten. The slight wedge profile of the sample will be tially reflected to the surface when they reach different underlined and discussed.

Wed 11:15 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Fabrication and Characterization of Fluoropolymer-Based Spherically Focused Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer – (Contributed, 000265) L. Tonga, Y. Xiangb, M. Dengc, J. Pand, Y. Chend and Q. Chenge aEAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai, China; bEAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, MAIL BOX 531, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai, China; cLOGISTICS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY TOWN, SHA-PING-BA DISTRICT, 400016 Chongqing, China; dInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 Shanghai, China; eInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Air-coupled ultrasound techniques have been transducers have a 20 mm diameter, 35 mm focus, another found a broad range of applications in materials research with a 30 mm diameter, 40 mm focus. Then, these trans- and non-destructive testing. However, the impedance mis- ducers have been characterized in a series of experiments. match between air and transducer results in high attenu- The bandwidth and resonance frequency of operation as ation of the signal energy. Some new piezoelectric mate- transmitter were obtained using laser interferometer. As rials have been proposed to solve the problem and most receiver, the pitch-catch/pulse-echo response can be com- promising are piezoelectrets, which are characterized by pared with results of the interferometer test. Finally, the strong piezoelectric response with softness and extremely focused one with 20 mm diameter was selected to get low acoustic impedance. In this work, we developed, fabri- scanned images of the polyethylene (PE) step wedge with cated and characterized spherically focused air-coupled ul- a series of different diameter holes in pulse-echo mode. In trasonic transducers based on fluoropolymer piezoelectrets spite of the simple construction, high sensitivity of the system, which contains two-sided Al electrodes and two transducers was proved in the air-coupled ultrasonic ex- fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) films with tubular chan- periments without matching layers and matching circuit, nels. The production cost of FEP is very low and it is which demonstrate fluoropolymer piezoelectrets can be a possible to adjust the resonance frequency by make an promising material to be used in noncontact ultrasonic appropriate choice of the geometrical channel parameters. imaging and testing. Two devices have been fabricated and tested. One of the

Wed 11:30 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3 Facile Measurements of Single-Crystal Elastic Constant Tensor Properties from Polycrystalline Samples – (Contributed, 000257) X. Du Ohio State University, 2041 College Road North, Watts Hall 282, Columbus, 43210, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 140 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Single-crystal elastic constants are very important prop- any crystal symmetry. In experiment, ultrafast laser was erties for practical applications of various classes of ma- employed to generate and detect narrow-band SAW waves terials and also an essential input to physics/mechanism- confined by an organic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film based models for mechanical property predictions. Tra- with one-dimensional grating transferred from a Si mold. ditional methods of experimental measurements of elas- Combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in tic constants require single-crystal samples that are usu- determining grain orientations, SAW velocities along sev- ally very laborious and difficult to grow. And thus, the eral crystallographic directions of several grains of poly- experimental values of elastic constants of about 99% of crystalline samples were measured. A forward simulation solid solutions and compounds are unavailable. A method algorithm used to match orientation-dependent SAW ve- to measure single-crystal elastic constants from polycrys- locities from calculation and experiments allowed us to talline samples has been developed. A model was first extract the elastic constants. Examples will be given to established to predict surface acoustic wave (SAW) ve- show the procedure and accuracy of such measurements. locities along any arbitrary crystallographic orientation of

Wed 10:00 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy Image-guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Using Dual-mode Arrays – (Contributed, 000302) E. S. Ebb University of Minnesota, 200 Union St SE, Rm 4-174 Keller Hall, Minneapolis, 55455, USA Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

A dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) system for image- junction with the in vivo experiments, a variety of ex vivo guided delivery of transcranial focused ultrasound is de- experiments were performed on skull samples from the scribed. A 3.5 MHz, concave DMUA prototype (40-mm same animals after sacriﬁce. These experiments validated roc) was successfully used to deliver localized FUS ex- the accuracy of the imaging feedback used to monitor and posure in vivo small animal models. The DMUA was assess the tFUS exposure, including beam distortion. We used in synthetic aperture (SA) imaging mode to provide will present examples of closed-loop control of tFUS in guidance for the placement of transcranial FUS (tFUS) hyperthermia mode in the thalamus and targeting other beams. Three-dimensional SA imaging was initially per- structures within the brain in vivo. Results from ex vivo formed to identify the lambda, bregma and medial skull validation experiments will also be presented. the results suture to provide initial markers for tFUS placement. A from both sets of experiments demonstrate the feasibility variety of thermal and nonthermal tFUS exposures were of real-time control of tFUS exposure in vivo with high performed in the rat brains at a variety of locations with degree of localization. Applicability of the results for the respect to the bregma suture line under real-time guid- treatment of certain brain disorders such as epilepsy will ance. Real-time ultrasound thermography was also used be discussed together with ex vivo work using human scale for feedback when thermal tFUS mode was used. In con- system.

Wed 10:15 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy Reconstruction of Nonlinear Ultrasound Field of an Annular Therapeutic Array with Electronic Focus Steering Based on Acoustic Holograms of Its Individual Elements – (Contributed, 000147) V. A. Khokhlovaa, P. Yuldasheva, P. Rosnitskiya, O. A. Sapozhnikova,b, E. Dumontc, M. Hoogenboomd, M. Den Brokd, J. Futtererd and G. Ademad aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Univer- sity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; cImage Guided Therapy, 2, All´ee du Doyen Brus, 33600 Pessac, France; dRadboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Acoustic holography method has been shown to provide rations when the array focus is moved electronically along accurate characterization of 3D ultrasound fields gen- the beam axis. The array is a part of a high intensity fo- erated by various medical transducers including multi- cused ultrasound (HIFU) system with magnetic resonance element arrays. Transducer vibration pattern recon- (MR) guidance used for developing thermal and mechani- structed from holography data has been also successfully cal methods of tissue ablation in mouse tumors. The holo- used as a boundary condition for nonlinear field model- grams were measured separately for each element of the ing at high pressure levels. Here we evaluate an approach array and combined together to obtain a boundary condi- of measuring holograms of individual elements of a 3 MHz tion for the array with all operating elements. Focusing 16-element annular array (48 mm diameter and 35 mm ra- configurations when all elements were excited in phase or dius of curvature) for modeling multiple focusing configu- additional phasing was added to steer the focus along the Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 141 beam axis were considered. Modeling results were com- that the transducer is capable to produce focal waveforms pared to low-amplitude beam scans and good agreement with 120 MPa shock amplitude at 110 W acoustic power was demonstrated. Then, nonlinear field simulations were within a focal spot of 0.5x0.5x2 mm and thus is well suited performed at increasing power outputs based on the 3D for evaluating shock-based ablation therapies in small an- Westervelt equation. Pressure levels and shock-forming imals. [Work supported by Radboudumc PhD grant, NIH conditions at the focus were determined. It was shown RO1EB007643, and RSF 14-12- 00974].

Wed 10:30 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy Shape Optimization of Lens Focused Piezoelectric Transducers – (Contributed, 000186) G. P. Thomas, J.-Y. Chapelon and C. Lafon INSERM u1032, 151, Cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon, France Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

As focused transducers are used for a wide range of appli- displacement/pressure (u/p) mixed finite element formu- cations such as medical therapy and non-destructive test- lation, allowing implicit boundaries between the different ing, the price of curved piezoelectric ceramics from which materials composing the transducer and the fluid. Those most of them are made makes them expensive to manu- boundaries are defined by parametric level-set functions facture. An economically viable alternative is to use a flat that are then optimized by a gradient-based optimization piezoelectric ceramic combined with an acoustic lens, as algorithm. Examples of focused transducers with opti- the lens can be easily built using rapid prototyping meth- mized lenses, made of either one or multiple materials, are ods. This work focus on the optimization of the shape given and experimental measurements show good agree- of the lens in order to have the maximum pressure out- ments with the pressure fields predicted by the numerical put possible over a designated area. The numerical mod- model after optimization. Work supported by an indus- eling includes the acoustic-structure surface by using a trial grant from EDAP-TMS.

Wed 10:45 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy The Eﬀect of Driving Conditions on the Performance of an Ultrasonic Bone Biopsy Needle – (Contributed, 000198) R. Clearya and M. Lucasb aUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Bldg, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; bUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Ultrasonic surgical devices are currently used in a num- bone material. Initially the following waveform shapes ber of soft and hard tissue surgeries. This study focuses were studied; sinusoidal, square, sawtooth and triangu- on investigating the driving signal conditions for an ultra- lar. During each penetration the power, temperature and sonic bone biopsy needle that will be applicable generally time were recorded. Following this, the study focused on to high power ultrasonic bone surgery devices. The in- investigating power modulation techniques, as have been vestigation uses a LabVIEW-based driving system which widely adopted for phacoemulsification where power mod- has been developed to modify the excitation signal and ulation in cataract surgery delivers less ultrasound energy power delivery. The goal is to identify operating signals to the eye and hence improves visual rehabilitation. To that can allow penetration of bone with high precision, replicate this technique a constant maximum input power minimal heating and minimal damage to surrounding tis- (MIP) was adopted, while the Duty Cycle (DC) (the per- sue. The ultrasonic bone biopsy device was designed using centage of time in which the signal is at the maximum) finite element analysis (FEA) and tuned to operate in a and the Low Power Percentage (LPP) (the percentage of longitudinal mode at 25 kHz. The device was manufac- the MIP supplied during a rest period) were both varied. tured and experimental modal analysis (EMA) was used Again, time, temperature and power consumption were to validate the FEA model and measure the modal pa- compared. It is shown how modifications to the signal rameters. A series of tests were carried out, based on the shape combined with power modulation techniques when time to perform a 5mm penetration of the needle into a driving the ultrasonic bone biopsy device can help to re- polyurethane foam which acts as a substitute trabecular duce the temperature while still penetrating quickly. 142 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Wed 11:00 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy Imaging of Scatterer Distribution Structure of Living Tissue based on Empirical Bayesian Learning with Consideration of Statistical Properties – (Contributed, 000109) J. Zhu and N. Tagawa Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

In ultrasound medical imaging, it is often expected that That is, the AR parameters are estimated by maximizing detailed observation of strong reflectors including bound- the marginal likelihood function, and the scatterers are aries of organs and blood vessels will be performed. In estimated as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator order to realize it, speckle patterns caused by reflection using these. Such a scheme is stably realized by the EM interference from small scatterers in living tissue are of- algorithm. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated ten suppressed by various methodologies. Accurate imag- by FEM simulation and experiment. Due to the effects ing of scatterers is important in diagnosis as the struc- of diffraction and attenuation of the propagating pulse it ture of small scatterer distributions has information on is in principle impossible to restore the true AR parame- tissue properties. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the ters, and only equivalent values measurable from the echo band limit imposed on the echo mainly by the charac- may be obtained. However, we can detect differences in teristics of the transducer. Simple deconvolution restores the spatial correlation of scatterers and confirmed that the only bandlimited scatterer information, resulting in spatial structure of scatterers can be clearly measured compared blurring and generally amplifies noise components. Since to simple deconvolution. Furthermore, we confirmed that scatterers are spatially correlated and thereby constitute a the band limited echo has sufficient information of the AR microstructure, we assume that scatterers are distributed parameters and the power spectrum of the echoes from the according to an autoregressive (AR) model with unknown scatterers is properly extrapolated. The power spectrum parameters. Under this assumption, scatterer distribu- is also expected to be used effectively for diagnosis. tion is restored based on the empirical Bayesian learning. Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 143

AUTHOR INDEX

Abbas, Allaoua ...... 92, 139 Carlisle, Robert ...... 98 Abi Ghanem, Maroun ...... 67, 94 Carter, Samuel ...... 129 Achilleos, Vassos ...... 66 Cartier, Florian ...... 91 Addouche, Mahmoud ...... 27 Cassinelli, M...... 130 Adema, Gosse ...... 140 Catheline, Stefan ...... 52 Aglyamov, Salavat ...... 52 Cebrecos, Alejandro ...... 66, 89 Ahmed Mohammed, Esam ...... 44 Chaban, Ievgeniia ...... 78 Ahn, Haeseong ...... 30 Challali, Fatiha ...... 79 Akiyama, Iwaki ...... 82, 83, 83, 84 Chan, Keith ...... 136 Allen, John ...... 48 Chang, Jin Ho ...... 41, 103, 104 Alonso-Redondo, Elena ...... 28 Chao, Min-Chiang ...... 36, 37 Alvarado-Gil, Juan-Jose ...... 66 Chapelon, Jean-Yves ...... 141 Alzina, Francesc ...... 93 Chávez Angel, Emigdio ...... 93 An, Zhiwu ...... 51 Che, Il-Young ...... 117 Anufriev, Roman ...... 93 Chean, Tan Wei ...... 103 Aoki, Shigeaki ...... 71 Chehami, Lynda ...... 44 Arnaudov, Yavor ...... 87 Chen, Ali ...... 72 Asakura, Yoshiyuki ...... 113 Chen, Dehua ...... 81 Asami, Takuya ...... 55, 56, 70, 111 Chen, Hao ...... 81, 82 Assouar, Badreddine ...... 44, 118 Chen, Jianguo ...... 38 Au, Whitlow ...... 23 Chen, Lujie ...... 100 Baasch, Thierry ...... 37 Chen, Pei-Yu ...... 47 Bachmann, Etienne ...... 41 Chen, Yan-Feng ...... 34, 34, 57 Bahl, Gaurav ...... 27 Chen, Yingna ...... 64, 139 Bai, Lixin ...... 114, 114, 114, 131 Chen, Yinran ...... 107 Baida, Fadi ...... 27 Chen, Zhongping ...... 52 Baik, Kyungmin ...... 69 Cheng, Geer ...... 71 Bailey, Michael ...... 53 Cheng, Jianchun ...... 116, 132 Balakshy, Vladimir ...... 45 Cheng, Jingrong ...... 38 Balle, Frank ...... 38 Cheng, Qian ...... 64, 133, 139 Ban, Munenori ...... 62 Cherepetskaya, Elena ...... 32 Baquera, Mica ...... 30 Chernikov, Valery ...... 136 Becerra, Lo¨ıc ...... 130 Chigarev, Nikolay ...... 73, 79 Belkhir, Abderrahmane ...... 27 Chillara, Vamshi Krishna ...... 92, 131 Belliard, Laurent ...... 79, 130, 130 Chizhikov, Alexander ...... 32 Belmonte, Manuel ...... 72 Cho, Seunghyun ...... 116 Benchabane, Sarah ...... 27 Cho, Younho ...... 90 Béquin, Philippe ...... 66 Choi, Bok Kyoung ...... 117, 117 Berer, Thomas ...... 119 Choi, Jae-Yong ...... 28 Bielas, Rafal ...... 103 Choi, Jee Woong ...... 29, 29, 30 Bilal, Osama ...... 58 Choi, Kang-Hoon ...... 29, 30 Biswas, Arijit ...... 100 Choi, Min Joo ...... 63, 99 Boechler, Nicholas ...... 65, 66, 67, 94 Choi, Pak-Kon ...... 62, 62 Boer, Attila ...... 118 Christensen, Johan ...... 33, 89 Bok, Eun ...... 122 Chrzaszcz, Kamil ...... 123 Bond, Leonard ...... 30 Claes, Leander ...... 46, 111 Borden, Mark ...... 25 Cleary, Rebecca ...... 141 Bracker, Allan ...... 129 Cloutier, Guy ...... 52 Braconnier, Dominique ...... 88, 88 Colston, Gerard ...... 31 Brayman, Andrew ...... 136 Combette, Philippe ...... 91 Bulou, Alain ...... 79 Cornelius, T. W...... 130 Buravkov, Sergey ...... 136 Coussios, Constantin ...... 61, 98 Burgholzer, Peter ...... 119 Coviello, Christian ...... 98 Byun, Sung-Hoon ...... 117 Cretu, Nicolae ...... 118 Candia Muñoz, Nicolas ...... 23 Crum, Lawrence ...... 101 Carcreff, Ewen ...... 88, 88 Csány, Gergely ...... 40, 48 144 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Cui, Fangsen ...... 138 Gaete-Garretón, Luis ...... 23, 54, 102 Czarske, Jürgen ...... 51 Gallego-Juárez, Juan Antonio ...... 102 D’Hooge, Jan ...... 107 Galos, Roland ...... 119 Dai, Yuyu ...... 81, 82 Gammon, Daniel ...... 129 Danso, Larry ...... 25 Gao, Jie ...... 51 Daraio, Chiara ...... 58 Gatsa, Oleksandr ...... 91 Dargent, Pascal ...... 86 Gaud, Emmanuel ...... 25 De Jong, Nico ...... 61 Geers, Marc ...... 123 De Korte, Chris ...... 76 Girodon-Boulandet, Noel ...... 79 Declercq, Nico ...... 44 Grabec, Tomá˘s...... 45, 72, 95, 125 Degertekin, Levent ...... 43 Graczykowski, Bartlomiej ...... 93 Dehoux, Thomas ...... 94 Grasland-Mongrain, Pol ...... 52 Den Brok, Martijn ...... 140 Grimal, Quentin ...... 86 Deng, Jingjun ...... 131 Grondin, Julien ...... 77 Deng, Mingxi ...... 74, 139 Guan, Yingzi ...... 46 Destouches, Christophe ...... 91 Gueddida, Abdellatif ...... 28 Devaux, Thibaut ...... 89, 122 Guillermic, Reine-Marie ...... 70, 133 Ding, Erliang ...... 122 Gusev, Vitalyi ...... 66, 73, 78, 78, 79, 80, 90 Dixon, Steve ...... 40, 87, 110, 138 Gyöngy, Miklós ...... 40, 48, 48 Djafari-Rouhani, Bahram ...... 28, 59, 134 Ha, Kanglyeol ...... 63, 106 Djemia, Philippe ...... 79, 79 Haghi, Hossein ...... 26, 121 Doh, Il ...... 69 Han, Min-Su ...... 28 Dong, Hao-Wen ...... 134 Han, Mun ...... 106 Dong, Huijuan ...... 46 Han, Xiaoyan ...... 125 Du, Jianke ...... 37 Hansen, Hendrik ...... 76 Du, Xinpeng ...... 139 Hao, Wenchang ...... 115 Dual, Jürg ...... 37, 95 Hara, Rokuzo ...... 109 Duan, Feng ...... 50 Harada, Yuki ...... 87 Dumont, Erik ...... 140 Hasegawa, Hideyuki ...... 76 Duncan, Ryan ...... 66 Hasegawa, Kaoru ...... 41 Ebb, Emad ...... 140 Hatcher, Dave ...... 70 Edwards, Rachel ...... 31, 31, 138 Hayashi, Rintaro ...... 48 El Boudouti, El Houssaine ...... 28 He, Cheng ...... 34, 57 Eliason, Jeffrey ...... 67 He, Cunfu ...... 51, 73 Emoto, Akira ...... 87 He, Hongbin ...... 82, 82 Erturk, Alper ...... 43 He, Shitang ...... 113, 115 Eugenia Toimil-Molares, M...... 130 He, Xiao ...... 81, 82 Every, Arthur ...... 94 Helfield, Brandon ...... 136 Ez-Zahraouy, Othmane ...... 44 Heng, Jiang ...... 123 Faurie, Damien ...... 79 Henning, Bernd ...... 46, 111 Feeney, Andrew ...... 31, 40, 87, 110, 138 Hill, Samuel ...... 31, 138 Fekkes, Stein ...... 76 Hirose, Mayumi ...... 84 Feldmann, Nadine ...... 111 Ho, Sheldon ...... 127 Feng, Ting ...... 64 Hoefnagels, Johan ...... 123 Feng, Yi ...... 36 Honma, Yudai ...... 112 Ferrandis, Jean-Yves ...... 91 Hoogenboom, Martijn ...... 140 Foehr, André...... 58 Hornowski, Tomasz ...... 103 Foo, Toon Jin ...... 127 Hosokawa, Atsushi ...... 85 Forbes, Clarissa ...... 24 Houston, Brian ...... 129 Fourmentel, Damien ...... 91 Hozumi, Naohiro ...... 103 Frinking, Peter ...... 25 Hsiao, Yan-Yi ...... 101 Fu, Bo ...... 110 Hu, Hengshan ...... 81 Fujii, Masami ...... 109 Hu, Ning ...... 32, 50, 135 Fujita, Kentaro ...... 78, 90 Hu, Qing-Miao ...... 79 Fukui, Marina ...... 87 Hu, Taotao ...... 111 Funakubo, Hiroshi ...... 107 Hu, Zhongtao ...... 51 Furuhashi, Hideo ...... 71 Huang, Chih-Chung ...... 47, 47, 101 Furuya, Motohide ...... 83 Huang, Huang ...... 37 Futterer, Jurgen ...... 140 Huang, Shengsong ...... 64 Füzesi, Krisztián ...... 48, 48 Huh, Jung Sik ...... 99 Fytas, George ...... 28 Hur, Yongki ...... 106 Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 145

Hwang, Jae Youn ...... 34 Kim, Byoung-Nam ...... 117, 117 Hyun, Jaeyub ...... 69 Kim, Changhyun ...... 121 Ibata, Koji ...... 109 Kim, Chul ...... 129 Ichikawa, Hirishi ...... 83 Kim, Eung ...... 117, 117 Ida, Taiichiro ...... 64 Kim, Gun-Do ...... 30 Ihara, Ikuo ...... 112 Kim, Hak Joon ...... 137 Ikeda, Hayato ...... 42 Kim, Hak-Beom ...... 118 Ikegawa, Masaya ...... 84 Kim, Hyeonsu ...... 29 Inagaki, Keisuke ...... 90 Kim, Hyung Ham ...... 126 Inoue, Satoru ...... 109 Kim, Jedo ...... 121 Irie, Takasuke ...... 108 Kim, Jedo ...... 121 Ishiguro, Yasunao ...... 83 Kim, Jin Hyun ...... 49 Ishiguro, Yuya ...... 69 Kim, Ki-Man ...... 28 Ishii, Takaaki ...... 110 Kim, Mijin ...... 129 Ishikawa, Mutsuo ...... 107 Kim, Min ...... 49 Ishikura, Seiya ...... 108 Kim, Sea-Moon ...... 117 Ito, Youichi ...... 60, 60, 124 Kim, Sehwa ...... 69 Itou, Kouki ...... 71 Kim, Seong Hyeon ...... 117, 117 Iwasaki, Ryosuke ...... 35, 98 Kim, Sunhyo ...... 29, 29, 30 Iwase, Fumiaki ...... 42 Kim, Wan-Gu ...... 72 Iwazaki, Hideaki ...... 64 Kim, Yong Tae ...... 69 Jafarisojahrood, Amin ...... 26, 121 Kim, Yoon Young ...... 43, 44 Jäger, Axel ...... 87 Kim, Young H...... 118 Janovská, Michaela ...... 125 Kim, Youngchai ...... 117 Jean, C...... 130 Kimura, Tomonori ...... 109 Jhang, Kyung-Young ...... 137 Kobayashi, Kazuto ...... 103 Jeong, Ji Hoon ...... 105 Kobaysahi, Makiko ...... 69 Jia, Longfei ...... 46 Kohklova, Vera ...... 136 Jia, Yana ...... 113 Kolesnikov, Alexander ...... 32 Jiang, Genshan ...... 115 Kolios, Michael ...... 26, 121 Jiao, Jingpin ...... 60 Koller, Martin ...... 72 Jin, Chaewon ...... 105 Kondo, Seiji ...... 36 Jin, Changzhu ...... 105, 106 Kondo, Toshinari ...... 103 Jin,Li ...... 124 Konofagou, Elisa ...... 77 Jin, Yabin ...... 59 Koppa, Peter ...... 46 Jing, Yun ...... 132 Korovin, Alexander ...... 134 Jozefczak, Arkadiusz ...... 103 Kouznetsova, Varvara ...... 123 Jun, Jihyun ...... 137 Koyama, Daisuke ...... 87 Jung, Seom Kyu ...... 117 Kruisova, Alena ...... 72 Jurgelucks, Benjamin ...... 111 Kum, Byung-Cheol ...... 117 Kaczmarek, Katarzyna ...... 103 Kupnik, Mario ...... 87 Kaipatur, Neelambar ...... 107 Kuraoka, Masaki ...... 86 Kalibatas, Mantvydas ...... 51 Kuriakose, Maju ...... 79 Kan, Weiwei ...... 123 Kurosawa, Minoru ...... 107 Kang, Gwansuk ...... 99 Kwak, Dongryul ...... 93 Kang, Hwi Suk ...... 104, 72 Kwan, James ...... 61 Kang, Lei ...... 40, 87, 110 Kweun, Joshua Minwoo ...... 43 Karabutov, Alexander ...... 32 Kwon, Ohbin ...... 99 Karpov, Eduard ...... 25 Kwon, Sung Duk ...... 137 Karra,Satish ...... 131 Kye, Sangbum ...... 49 Karshafian, Raffi ...... 26 Lafargue, Eric ...... 91 Karzova, Maria ...... 24 Lafon, Cyril ...... 141 Katti, Prateek ...... 98 Lafond, Maxime ...... 99 Kawanabe, Kota ...... 84 Lagos-Farfán, Bernarda ...... 54 Kawarai Lefor, Alan ...... 83 Lajoinie, Guillaume ...... 61 Kerhervé, Sébastien ...... 70 Landa, Michal ...... 72, 95, 125 Khanolkar, Amey ...... 67 Lanoy, Maxime ...... 133 Khelif, Abdelkrim ...... 27 Laroche, Nans ...... 88, 88 Khokhlova, Vera ...... 24, 140 Laude, Vincent ...... 27, 58 Khoryati, Liliane ...... 94 Laugier, Pascal ...... 86 Kikuta, Toshihiro ...... 36 Le, Lawrence ...... 84, 85, 107 146 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Leadley, David ...... 31 Ma, Shiwei ...... 75 Leary, Richard ...... 24 Ma, Weiwei ...... 132 Lee, Cheongah ...... 106 Ma, Yanjun ...... 75 Lee, Hyang-Bok ...... 62 Macconaghy, Brian ...... 136 Lee, Hyeon-Soo ...... 118 Maeda, Moe ...... 42, 127 Lee, Hyun-Seok ...... 118 Maire, Jeremie ...... 93 Lee, Hyung Jin ...... 69 Major, Major ...... 107 Lee, Jeunghoon ...... 136 Makino, Taiki ...... 86 Lee, Junsu ...... 41, 104 Makra, Akos´ ...... 40, 48 Lee, Kang Il ...... 104, 72 Mannaris, Christophoros ...... 98 Lee, Minho ...... 63 Mantsevich, Sergey ...... 45 Lee, Sam H...... 122 Mao,Jie ...... 51 Lee, Youngbae ...... 49 Mao, Yiwei ...... 122 Lesage, Frederic ...... 52 Mashiko, Daisaku ...... 35 Li,Bo ...... 123 Matsuda, Osamu ...... 78, 90, 128, 129 Li, Chao ...... 114, 114, 131 Matsui, Yuki ...... 71 Li, Longqiu ...... 55 Matsukawa, Mami ...... 38, 42, 86, 87, 120, 120, 123 Li,Nan ...... 60 Matsumoto, Erina ...... 84 Li, Qian ...... 26 Matsushima, Hodaka ...... 113 Li, Qing ...... 96, 96, 116 Matsuya, Iwao ...... 112 Li, Weibin ...... 90 Mattar, Citra Nurfarah Zaini ...... 100 Li, Yong ...... 132, 133 Matula, Thomas ...... 136 Li, Yong ...... 118 Maxim, Solovchuk ...... 108 Li, Yuhang ...... 115 Maznev, Alexei ...... 58, 66, 67 Lian, Guoxuan ...... 51 McAleavey, Stephen ...... 100 Liang, Bin ...... 116, 132 Meneses-D´ıaz, Josue ...... 23, 54 Liang, Yong ...... 113 Meng, Chen ...... 123 Liao, Yaozhong ...... 50 Meraghni, Fodil ...... 44 Lim, Chang Hoon ...... 137 Merkel, Aur´elien ...... 89 Lim, Hae Gyun ...... 35 Mezil, Sylvain ...... 128, 129 Lim, Yeon Su ...... 137 Michelon, Julien ...... 92, 139 Lin, Rong ...... 75 Miranzo, Pilar ...... 72 Lin, Weijun ...... 114, 114, 114, 131 Miura, Hikaru ...... 55, 56, 70, 111 Linde, Bogumil ...... 102 Miyoshi, Kohei ...... 129 Lines, David ...... 87 Mizuno, Yosuke ...... 87 Liu, Dan ...... 94 Mochizuki, Masaki ...... 110 Liu, Fenghao ...... 96, 96, 116 Molchanov, Vladimir ...... 32, 45 Liu, Jiehui ...... 122 Monsky, Wayne ...... 136 Liu, Jiuling ...... 115 Mori, Kazuma ...... 120 Liu, Menglong ...... 138 Mori, Shunki ...... 86 Liu, Mingkun ...... 73 Morishita, Hiromu ...... 97 Liu, Shengchun ...... 119 Mozumi, Michiya ...... 76 Liu, Xiao-Ping ...... 34 Mudunuru, Maruti ...... 131 Liu, Xiaozhou ...... 122 Mukaiyama, Yuriko ...... 60 Liu, Xinlu ...... 113 Mulholland, Anthony ...... 124 Liu, Xuyang ...... 50 Myronov, Maksym ...... 31 Liu, Yanyan ...... 75 Nagakubo, Akira ...... 131 Liu, Yaolu ...... 50, 135 Nagaoka, Ryo ...... 42, 64, 65, 67, 98 Lomonosov, Alexey ...... 79 Nagata, Hajime ...... 54 Lorenz, John ...... 88, 88 Nakamura, Kentaro ...... 87, 87, 109 Lou, Edmond ...... 107 Nakatsuma, Kei ...... 69 Low, Jess Yi Ru ...... 100 Nakayama, Ren ...... 111 Lu, Ming-Hui ...... 34, 34, 57 Narihira, Kyoichi ...... 36 Lu, Yan ...... 51, 73 Nauber, Richard ...... 51 Lucas, Margaret ...... 68, 68, 141 Navarro-Urrios, Daniel ...... 93 Luo, Jianwen ...... 101, 107 Neguchi, Jyunichi ...... 88 Lv, Houjun ...... 119 Nejezchlebova, Jitka ...... 125 M. Porter, Tyrone ...... 26 Nelson, Keith ...... 66 Ma, Congyun ...... 74 Nguyen, Kim-Cuong ...... 84, 107 Ma, Hongwei ...... 75 Nguyen, Thai ...... 24 Ma,Ma ...... 37 Nguyen, Vu-Hieu ...... 85 Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 147

Ni, Xu ...... 57 Qingbang, Han ...... 49 Nikitin, Sergey ...... 79 Qu, Jianmin ...... 32 Nikolaeva, Anastasiia ...... 24, 53 Raetz, Samuel ...... 73, 79 Nishimoto, Masahiko ...... 69 Ramadas, Sivaram Nishal ...... 87 Nishioka, Yasuhiro ...... 109 Retsch, Markus ...... 66 Nishitaka, Shinya ...... 35 Richards, Daniel ...... 68 Nomura, Hideyuki ...... 59 Richoux, Olivier ...... 89 Nomura, Masahiro ...... 93 Riera, Enrique ...... 102 Norris, Andrew ...... 134 Rifu, Kazuma ...... 82, 83 Ogi, Hirotsugu ...... 131 Rikuya, Iwanaga ...... 120 Ogura, Yuki ...... 103 Roman-Manso, Benito ...... 72 Oh, Joo Hwan ...... 44 Rondeau, Anthony ...... 91 Ohara, Yoshikazu ...... 59 Rosenkrantz, Eric ...... 91 Ohgo, Takeshi ...... 88 Rosnitskiy, Pavel ...... 140 Oi, Madoka ...... 71 Rowlands, George ...... 40 Okada, Nagaya ...... 112 Russell, Philip ...... 27 Okamoto, Chihiro ...... 83 Ryzy, Martin ...... 45 Oktamuliani, Sri ...... 41 Saalbach, Kai-Alexander ...... 56 Okubo, Tsuyoshi ...... 69 Sacchi, Mauricio ...... 84, 85 Omuro, Toshiyuki ...... 64 Sachse, Wolfgang ...... 102 Ono, Teruo ...... 131 Saeki, Katsutoshi ...... 88 Orita, Takehiro ...... 88 Safavi-Naeini, Amir ...... 26 Osumi, Ayumu ...... 60, 60, 124 Saijo, Yoshifumi ...... 41, 42, 64, 65, 67, 127 Otsuka, Paul ...... 128, 129 Saito, Takuya ...... 60 Paeng, Dong-Guk ...... 63, 106 Saito, Toshiya ...... 96 Page, John ...... 70, 133 Sakamoto, Shin-Ichi ...... 96, 97, 97 Pagneux, Vincent ...... 89 Sakata, Yoshitaka ...... 86 Pan, Jing ...... 64, 139 Sapozhnikov, Oleg ...... 24, 53, 74, 140 Pantea, Cristian ...... 92 Sarabalis, Christopher ...... 26 Park, Cheol Soo ...... 30 Saris, Anne ...... 76 Park, Choon-Su ...... 116 Sasanuma, Hideki ...... 82, 83 Park, Hye Soo ...... 118 Sato, Toshio ...... 112 Park, Ikkeun ...... 93 Saw, Shier Nee ...... 100 Park, Jinhyoung ...... 128 Scanlon, Martin ...... 70 Park, Jisoo ...... 136 Sedlák, Petr ...... 72, 95, 125 Park, Jong Jin ...... 122 Segers, Tim ...... 25 Park, Jun-Won ...... 103 Seiner, Hanu˘s...... 72, 95, 125 Park, Juyoung ...... 105, 106 Shen, Shen ...... 37 Park, Sunghun ...... 104 Shen, Shujin ...... 38 Park, Sungjun ...... 121 Shen, Yaxi ...... 133 Park, Taesung ...... 93 Sheng, Hong ...... 36 Park, Woong-Jin ...... 28 Sheng, Ping ...... 57 Parnell, William ...... 134 Sheu, Jinn-Kong ...... 80 Peng, Yugui ...... 116, 133 Sheu, Tony ...... 108 Pennec, Y...... 28, 59, 130, 134 Shibagaki, Yoshiaki ...... 123 Pennetta, Riccardo ...... 27 Shiiba, Michihisa ...... 112 Perino, Alessandro ...... 123 Shim, Young-Dae ...... 137 Péronne, Emmanuel ...... 130 Shimada, Shin-Ya ...... 42 Perrin, Bernard ...... 130, 130 Shimizu, Kazuhiro ...... 71 Petrosyan, Suren ...... 74 Shimizu, Tsuyoshi ...... 110 Pezeril, Thomas ...... 78 Shimizu, Yuki ...... 87 Phan-Thien, Nhan ...... 127 Shin, Eui-Ji ...... 41 Photiadis, Douglas ...... 129 Shiraishi, Takahahisa ...... 107 Pomarède, Pascal ...... 44 Shiraki, Kazuki ...... 97 Pop, Mihail Ioan ...... 118 Shui, Guoshuang ...... 33 Price, Chris ...... 24 Sim, Min Seop ...... 117 Qi, Shuibao ...... 44, 118 Sinha, Dipen ...... 92, 131 Qian, Menglu ...... 133 Siregar, Syahril ...... 65 Qiao, Jianxin ...... 55 Skokos, Charalambos ...... 66 Qin, Shiwei ...... 50 Sledzinska, Marianna ...... 93 Qin, Yu ...... 64 Sliwiński,´ A ...... 102 148 2017ICUHonolulu Abstractbook

Solodov, Igor ...... 125 Van Gemmeren, Valentin ...... 95 Somerset, William ...... 31 Van Laer, Raphael ...... 26 Song, Guorong ...... 51, 73 Van Lochem, Pim ...... 76 Song, Kyungjun ...... 121 Vargas-Hernández, Yolanda ...... 23, 54 Song, Sung Jin ...... 137 Vega-Flick, Alejandro ...... 66 Song, Tai-Kyong ...... 49, 105 Veres, István ...... 45, 119 Song, Wenping ...... 39, 55, 55 Versluis, Michel ...... 25, 61, 61 Sotomayor-Torres, Clivia ...... 93 Vogel, Nicolas ...... 67 Stelling, Christian ...... 66 Wada, Takahiro ...... 96 Stoklasová, Pavla ...... 125 Wallen, Sam ...... 66 Stride, Eleanor ...... 61 Walther, Andrea ...... 111 Strybulevych, Anatoliy ...... 70, 133 Wang, Dafang ...... 77 Su, Riliang ...... 87 Wang, Han ...... 87 Su, Zhongqing ...... 49, 50 Wang, Huiqin ...... 70 Sugimoto, Mana ...... 97 Wang, Ji ...... 36, 37 Sun, Chi-Kuang ...... 80 Wang, Ming-Yuan ...... 47 Sun, Xiao-Chen ...... 34 Wang, Peng-Jui ...... 80 Svet, Victor ...... 74 Wang, Wen ...... 113 Szalai, Klára ...... 40, 48 Wang, Wuyi ...... 39, 55, 55 Tabaru, Marie ...... 107 Wang, Xiaomin ...... 51 Tachibana, Katsuro ...... 36 Wang, Xiuming ...... 81, 82, 82, 132 Tagawa, Norio ...... 69, 77, 108, 142 Wang, Xueding ...... 62, 64, 133 Takano, Wakana ...... 82, 83, 83 Wang, Yak-Nam ...... 136 Takayama, Noriya ...... 82 Wang, Yan-Feng ...... 58, 134 Takayama, Noriya ...... 83 Wang, Yi-Ze ...... 43 Takayanagi, Shinji ...... 38, 120, 120 Wang, Yue-Sheng ...... 33, 43, 58, 72, 134 Takeuchi, Shinichi ...... 112 Wang, Zhengbo ...... 82 Tamada, Yosuke ...... 55 Watanabe, Akiko ...... 36 Tan, Germaine Xin Yi ...... 127 Watanabe, Yoshiaki ...... 84, 97, 97 Tanabe, Masayuki ...... 69 Wear, Keith ...... 84 Tang, Xiao Ming ...... 80 Wen, Yuli ...... 75 Taniguchi, Nobuyuki ...... 82, 83 Wenshuai, Xu ...... 123 Taniguchi, Takuya ...... 131 Wilkie, Mathew ...... 68 Taniuchi, Kana ...... 53 Willatzen, Morten ...... 89 Tant, Katherine ...... 124 Wright, Oliver ...... 90, 122, 128, 128, 129 Theocharis, Georgios ...... 66, 66, 93 Wu, Bin ...... 51, 73 Thomas, Gilles ...... 141 Wu, Denglong ...... 64 Thomas, O...... 130 Wu, Jiang ...... 87 Thring, Claire ...... 31, 138 Wu, Pengfei ...... 114, 114, 114 Tokuda, Shohei ...... 38 Wu, Rongxing ...... 37 Tol, Serife ...... 43 Wu, Xiuming ...... 71 Tomanek, David ...... 94 Xiang, Yanxun ...... 74, 139 Tomoda, Motonobu ...... 90, 128, 129 Xie, Longtao ...... 37 Tong, Likun ...... 139 Xie, Shangran ...... 27 Torrent, Daniel ...... 134 Xie, Xiujuan ...... 96, 96, 116 Tournat, Vincent ...... 66, 73, 79, 89 Xu, Chengdang ...... 64 Tran, Tho ...... 84, 85 Xu, Chunguang ...... 33 Trayanova, Natalia ...... 77 Xu, Delong ...... 114, 114, 131, 132 Tretiakov, Sergey ...... 32 Xu, Guan ...... 64 Tridon, Xavier ...... 92, 139 Xu, Kailiang ...... 86 Tromp, Jeroen ...... 41 Xu, Kun ...... 60 Tröster, Thomas ...... 46 Xu, Weilong ...... 115 Trushkevych, Oksana ...... 31 Yaegashi, So ...... 42 Tseng, Sheng-Po ...... 92 Yamakoshi, Yoshiki ...... 53 Tsujino, Jiromaru ...... 39 Yamauchi, Shinobu ...... 112 Tsysar, Sergey ...... 24, 74 Yamazaki, Mayuko ...... 53 Tung, Po-Hsien ...... 73 Yan, Dong-Jia ...... 72 Twiefel, Jens ...... 56 Yan, Guqi ...... 73 Uchida, Yosuke ...... 107 Yan, Wensheng ...... 135 Ueda, Takuya ...... 88 Yanagitani, Takahiko ...... 38, 120, 120 Umemura, Shin-Ichiro ...... 35, 64, 67, 98, 98, 99 Yang, Changhuei ...... 63 Abstractbook 2017ICUHonolulu 149

Yang, Che-Hua ...... 73, 92 Yura, Toshiya ...... 99 Yang, Cheng-Lin ...... 134 Yuren, Wang ...... 123 Yang, Jing ...... 116 Yushkov, Konstantin ...... 32, 45 Yang, Jinkyu ...... 44 Zalalutdinov, Maxim ...... 129 Yang, Jiwoong ...... 106 Zamiri, Saeid ...... 119 Yang, Lina ...... 119 Zarubin, Vasily ...... 32 Yang, Shaoqi ...... 96, 96, 116 Zeipert, Henning ...... 46 Yang, Shu ...... 28 Zeltner, Richard ...... 27 Yang, Xiongwei ...... 43 Zerr, Andreas ...... 79 Yap, Choon Hwai ...... 100, 127 Zhan, Qiwen ...... 133 Yasuda, Hiromi ...... 44 Zhang, Chao ...... 81 Yasuda, Keiji ...... 113 Zhang, Chuangzeng ...... 134 Yeo, Sunmi ...... 49, 105 Zhang, Haiyan ...... 75 Yeom, Yun Taek ...... 137 Zhang, Haiyan ...... 74 Yim, Geun-Tae ...... 30 Zhang, Jintao ...... 119 Yokoshiki, Saaya ...... 127 Zhang, Jun ...... 135 Yoneda, Naofumi ...... 109 Zhang, Li ...... 39 Yoo, Sung Won ...... 137 Zhang, Liangmeng ...... 37 Yoon, Changhan ...... 35, 105 Zhang, Likun ...... 132 Yoon, Sangpil ...... 126 Zhang, Qian ...... 81 Yoon, Suk Wang ...... 104, 72 Zhang, Weiping ...... 119 Yoshida, Kenji ...... 84 Zhang, Wenfeng ...... 110 Yoshida, Sachiko ...... 103 Zhang, Xiumei ...... 81 Yoshino, Haruki ...... 70 Zhao, Jie ...... 46 Yoshizawa, Masasumi ...... 108 Zheng, Xiaobo ...... 81 Yoshizawa, Shin ...... 35, 64, 67, 98, 98, 99 Zheng, Xu ...... 133 You, Jin ...... 137 Zhou, Guangwei ...... 110 Youxuan, Zhao ...... 32 Zhou, Leiqing ...... 31 Yu, Alfred ...... 76, 135 Zhou, Limin ...... 50 Yu, Liu ...... 123 Zhou, Yinqiu ...... 81, 82 Yu, Qiuye ...... 125 Zhu, Jie ...... 90 Yu, Shimin ...... 39, 55 Zhu, Jing ...... 77, 142 Yu, Si-Yuan ...... 34 Zhu, Wujun ...... 74 Yu, Xiyang ...... 55 Zhu, Xuefeng ...... 116, 133 Yuan, Jie ...... 64 Zhu, Yifan ...... 116 Yuan, Xianwei ...... 55, 55 Zou, Xinye ...... 116 Yuki, Ogura ...... 103 Zybach, Bernhard ...... 95 Yuldashev, Petr ...... 140