DOCSLIB.ORG

The Making of an Evangelical Tory: the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801-1885) and the Evolving Character of Victorian Evangelicalism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Making of an Evangelical Tory: the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801-1885) and the Evolving Character of Victorian Evangelicalism The Making of an Evangelical Tory: The Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801-1885) and the Evolving Character of Victorian Evangelicalism David Andrew Barton Furse-Roberts A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNSW School of Humanities & Languages Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences November 2015 CONTENTS Page Abstract i Abbreviations ii Acknowledgements iii Introduction I Part I: Locating Anthony Ashley Cooper within the Anglican Evangelical tradition 1 1.1 Ashley’s expression of Evangelicalism 2 1.2 How the associations and leaders of Anglican Evangelicalism shaped the evolving 32 religious temperament of Ashley. 1.3 Conclusion: A son of the Clapham Sect or a brother of the Recordites? 64 Part II: A just estimate of rank and property: Locating Ashley’s place within the 67 tradition of paternalism 2.1 Identifying the character of Ashley’s paternalism 68 2.2 How Tory paternalist ideas influenced the emerging consciousness of Ashley in the 88 pre-Victorian era 2.3 The place of Ashley’s paternalism within the British Tory and Whig traditions 132 2.4 Conclusion: Paternalism in the ‘name of the people’ 144 Part III: Something admirably patrician in his estimation of Christianity: Ashley 147 and the emerging synthesis between Evangelicalism and Tory paternalism 3.1 Common ground forged between Tory paternalism and early Victorian Evangelicalism 148 3.2 Ashley and the factory reform movement: Project of Tory paternalism or 203 by-product of Evangelical social concern? 3.3 The coalescence of these two belief systems in the emerging political philosophy of 230 Ashley 3.4 Conclusion: Making Evangelicalism a patrician creed 237 Part IV: Ashley and the milieux of Victorian Evangelicalism 240 4.1 Locating Ashley’s place within the Victorian Evangelical Terrain 242 4.2 Thy kingdom come, thy will be done: The premillennial eschatology and 255 Evangelical activism of Ashley 4.3 Desire for the nations: Ashley and Victorian Evangelical attitudes to imperialism, 264 race and the ‘Jewish question’. 4.4 Repudiating ‘Romanism’, ‘ritualism’, and ‘rationalism’: Ashley and 282 Victorian Evangelical defenders of the faith ‘once delivered’ 4.5 Home and Hearth: Ashley and Victorian Evangelical conceptions of domesticity 307 and gender 4.6 Sanctifying Sundays: Ashley as a champion of the Victorian Sabbath 324 4.7 Evangelical benevolence and Tory ‘self-reliance’: Ashley’s approach to 331 philanthropy and social welfare among Victorian Evangelicals 4.8 Conclusion : A conservative and a reformer 340 Conclusion 345 Bibliography 356 i ABSTRACT This thesis is a contextual study of Lord Ashley (from 1851 known as the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury) and the evolving character of Victorian Evangelicalism. Owing to his seminal contribution to social reform in Victorian England, most notably to the Factory Acts, Lord Ashley has been justifiably portrayed as a man of action. The aim of this study, however, is to analyse critically the traditions of theological and political thought which animated the work for which Ashley was remembered. After discussing the place of Ashley in the Evangelical Anglican tradition and examining the critical influence of Evangelical figures on Ashley in Part One, the thesis in Part Two will examine the various traditions of British paternalism and specifically assess the contribution of high Tory paternalism to the emerging political sensibilities of Ashley. In Part Three, it will be argued that, despite some differing premises and points of conflict, the two traditions of Evangelical Anglicanism and high Tory paternalism found a great deal of common ground in their shared vision for a hierarchical and communitarian Christian social order eschewing the excesses of laissez-faire liberalism, individualism and utilitarianism. With Ashley's own worldview indebted to each of these two traditions, he drew upon this coalescence to advance his keynote social reforms. Thus, with these twin pillars undergirding Ashley's ensuing religious outlook established, Part Four will study Ashley's place within the milieux of Victorian Evangelicalism and discuss the extent to which his own 'Tory-tinctured' Evangelicalism represented the prevailing preoccupations of Anglican Evangelicalism across a range of Victorian concerns including imperialism, Sabbatarianism, domesticity and gender. The thesis will conclude that the Evangelical Shaftesbury's absorption of Romantic-inspired high Tory paternalist ideals was symptomatic of the broader inflow of Romanticism into nineteenth- century Evangelical religion. By providing a contextual study of this Evangelical-Tory, the thesis carves out a new niche between the biographies of Shaftesbury and the historical narratives of Evangelical religion in the Victorian era. ii TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS BFBS British Foreign and Bible Society CIS Christian Influence Society CMS Church Missionary Society CPAS Church Pastoral Aid Society EA Evangelical Alliance HC House of Commons HL House of Lords LCM London City Mission LDOS Lord’s Day Observance Society LMS London Missionary Society LSPCJ London Society for the Promotion of Christianity amongst the Jews RSU Ragged School Union SICLC Society for Improving the Conditions of the Labouring Classes SPCK Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge the following people for their invaluable assistance in the composition of this thesis or for their personal support. First, I wish to recognise the Reverend the Hon Fred Nile MLC to whom my personal interest in Anthony Ashley Cooper is indebted. My appreciation also goes to Dr Michael Roberts of Macquarie University who gave me some preliminary guidance on how I should approach a PhD dissertation on Lord Ashley. Throughout the composition of my thesis, I am particularly grateful for the generous input of some distinguished UK academics in the field of Victorian British history. First, to Dr David Brown of the University of Southampton who met with me in person on a number of occasions to discuss the focus and themes of my dissertation. Secondly, to Professor David Bebbington of the University of Stirling who also met with me in person to point me to some crucial historical sources relating to Shaftesbury. Finally, to Professor Stewart J Brown of New College, University of Edinburgh, for his abiding interest, warm encouragement and constructive input as my acting supervisor whilst studying abroad. With the collation of primary source material, I also give thanks to the respective library staff of the University of Southampton, the University of Cambridge, the British Library and the Bodleian library of Oxford for their professional assistance. Across the Atlantic, I acknowledge the input from Dr Donald Lewis of Regent College (Vancouver, Canada) who read carefully over my chapter structure to offer some welcome, timely advice. Returning to Australia, I acknowledge Dr Susan Hardy of the University of New South Wales for her continuous interest and encouragement as my co-supervisor. I thank her for reading through a full draft of this thesis and offering her thoughtful appraisals. Above all, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors, Professor John Gascoigne and Dr Geoffrey Treloar, for their judicious reviews, generous time, personal encouragement and professionalism. Their constant availability, patience, unstinting reliability and keen interest to engage critically in the topic have made the task of composing this thesis eminently achievable. I conclude by offering my profound appreciation to my family and friends who have helped sustain me through this endeavour with their love, support, good humour, interest and encouragement. I INTRODUCTION In 1905, the Archdeacon of Westminster and grandson of William Wilberforce, Basil Wilberforce, pondered, ‘What was the inner impulse that stimulated the founder and pioneer of this noble work, the Great Lord Shaftesbury, whose statue stands at the west end of the Abbey?’1 Claiming to have known the Victorian statesman, who stood in the same tradition of Evangelical social reform as his grandfather, the Archdeacon suggested one of the secrets to his ‘moral nature’ was his ‘personal devotion to the living Christ’.2 In chronicling the life and legacy of Ashley, manifold obituaries, eulogies, lectures, articles, biographies and historical narratives have variously alluded to the prominent Anglican layman’s evangelical Christianity as the great impetus behind his philanthropy and social reforms. Whilst the contours of Ashley’s long life and keynote achievements have been extensively documented, with due attention given to his motivating Christian faith, a contextual and thematic study of the theological doctrines, political traditions and philosophical currents which historically and contemporaneously moulded the mind and worldview of Ashley is yet to emerge. Previous biographical studies have justifiably focused on such exploits as his seminal contribution to the factory reform movement, his mission to advance the welfare of children through education and his pioneering advocacy for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The objective of this thesis is, by contrast, to comprehend better the ‘mind behind the man’ by examining the religious and ideological milieux from which this key Victorian imbibed his guiding principles. With this study endeavouring to examine Ashley’s place in the evolving character of Victorian evangelicalism, it will begin, in part one, by discussing the influence of Anglican 1 Basil Wilberforce
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    Pennsylvania History a journal of mid-atlantic studies PHvolume 79, number 2 · spring 2012 Articles “What Must Poor People Do?”: Economic Protest and Plebeian Culture in Philadelphia, 1682–1754 Daniel Johnson 117 James Wilson—His Scottish Background: Corrections and Additions Martin Clagett 154 The Public Interest of the Private City: The Pennsylvania Railroad, Urban Space, and Philadelphia’s Economic Elite, 1846–1877 Andrew Heath 177 Engaging the Trope of Redemptive Suffering: Inmate Voices in the Antebellum Prison Debates Jennifer Graber 209 review essAys The “Mighty Macs”: Women’s Basketball in Chester County Karen Guenther 234 Henry Ossawa Tanner: Modern Spirit Exhibition, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia Alexia I. Hudson 238 This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Wed, 14 Mar 2018 15:38:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PAH 79.2_FM.indd 1 18/04/12 1:01 AM book reviews John Fea. Was America Founded as a Christian Nation? A Historical Introduction Reviewed by Robert Shaffer 249 Beverly C. Tomek. Colonization and Its Discontents: Emancipation, Emigration, and Antislavery in Antebellum Pennsylvania Reviewed by Nicholas Wood 252 contributors 255 This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Wed, 14 Mar 2018 15:38:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PAH 79.2_FM.indd 2 18/04/12 1:01 AM submission information Pennsylvania History publishes documents previously unpublished and of interest to scholars of the Middle Atlantic region. The Journal also reviews books, exhibits, and other media dealing primarily with Pennsylvania history or that shed significant light on the state’s past.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewing the Self
    Renewing the Self Renewing the Self: Contemporary Religious Perspectives Edited by Benjamin J. Wood Renewing the Self: Contemporary Religious Perspectives Edited by Benjamin J. Wood This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Benjamin J. Wood and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9885-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9885-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Individuality and Sociality in Christian Social Thought Jonathan Chaplin Section A: Historical Orientations Chapter One ............................................................................................... 10 The Canadian Red Tory Tradition: Individualism, Selfhood, Community and the Good Ron Dart Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 30 Autonomous Selves or Loved Others: A Theo-Political Perspective on the Individual Roger Haydon Mitchell Chapter Three
    [Show full text]
  • British Reaction to the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857-1858 Approved
    BRITISH REACTION TO THE SEPOY MUTINY, 1857-1858 APPROVED: Major /Professor mor Frotessar of History Dean' ot the GraduatGradua' e ScHooT* BRITISH REACTION TO THE SEPOY MUTINY, 1857-185S THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Samuel Shafeeq Denton, Texas August, 1970 PREFACE English and Indian historians have devoted considerable research and analysis to the genesis of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 but have ignored contemporary British reaction to it, a neglect which this study attempts to satisfy. After the initial, spontaneous, condemnation of Sepoy atrocities, Queen Victoria, her Parliament, and subjects took a more rational and constructive attitude toward the insurrection in India, which stemmed primarily from British interference in Indian religious and social customs, symbolized by the cartridge issue. Englishmen demanded reform, and Parliament-- at once anxious to please the electorate and to preserve the valuable colony of India--complied within a year, although the Commons defeated the first two Indian bills, because of the interposition of other foreign and domestic problems. But John Bright, Lord Edward Stanley, William Gladstone, Benjamin Disraeli, and their friends joined forces to pass the third Indian bill, which became law on August 2, 1858. For this study, the most useful primary sources are Parliamentary Debates. Journals of the House of Commons and Lords, British and Foreign State' Papers, English Historical Queen Victoria's Letters , and the Annual' Re'g'i'st'er. Of the few secondary works which focus on British reac- tion to the Sepoy Mutiny, Anthony Wood's Nineteenth Centirr/ Britain, 1815-1914 gives a good account of British politics after the Mutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • THE JOURNAL of the UNITED REFORMED CHURCH HISTORY
    THE JOURNAL of the UNITED REFORMED CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY (incorporating the Congregational Historical Society, founded in 1899, and the Presbyterian Historical Society of England, founded in 1913). EDITOR; Dr. CLYDE BINFIELD, M.A., F.S.A. Volume 6 No 2 May 1998 CONTENTS Editorial . 69 Notes . 70 Ian Sellers (1931-1997) by John Munsey Turner. 71 Nursed by the Church: The Founding of the Congregational Schools by Alan Argent .............................. : . ·72 A Learned and Gifted Protestant Minister:John Seldon Whale, 19 December 1896- 17 September 1997 by Clyde Binfield . 97 Reformed or United? Twenty-five Years of the United Reformed Church by David M. Thompson . 131 Reviews by David Hilborn, Robert Pope, Alan P.F. Sell, Roger Tomes . and Clyde Binfield. 144 Some Contemporaries (1996) by Alan P.F. Sell.................... 151 Bunhill Fielders by Brian Louis Pearce . Inside back cover EDITORIAL This issue has an educational aspect. Each year Reports to Assembly include reports from six schools - Caterham, Eltham College, Silcoates, Taunton, Walthamstow Hall, and Wentworth College (as it is now called). That these are not the sum total of Congregationalism's contribution to independent education is made clear in Alan Argent's article. Although links with the United Reformed Church are now slender (they might be described as pleasant but formal), origins cannot be wished away. In the past year Taunton and Wentworth College have produced attractive histories. The current General Secretary of the United Reformed Church is an Old Silcoatian; an investigative journalist noted, in the course of the last election, that the wives of Paddy Ashdown, the late Harold Wilson, and Neil Hamilton, were past pupils of Wentworth Milton Mount.
    [Show full text]
  • Mundella Papers Scope
    University of Sheffield Library. Special Collections and Archives Ref: MS 6 - 9, MS 22 Title: Mundella Papers Scope: The correspondence and other papers of Anthony John Mundella, Liberal M.P. for Sheffield, including other related correspondence, 1861 to 1932. Dates: 1861-1932 (also Leader Family correspondence 1848-1890) Level: Fonds Extent: 23 boxes Name of creator: Anthony John Mundella Administrative / biographical history: The content of the papers is mainly political, and consists largely of the correspondence of Mundella, a prominent Liberal M.P. of the later 19th century who attained Cabinet rank. Also included in the collection are letters, not involving Mundella, of the family of Robert Leader, acquired by Mundella’s daughter Maria Theresa who intended to write a biography of her father, and transcriptions by Maria Theresa of correspondence between Mundella and Robert Leader, John Daniel Leader and another Sheffield Liberal M.P., Henry Joseph Wilson. The collection does not include any of the business archives of Hine and Mundella. Anthony John Mundella (1825-1897) was born in Leicester of an Italian father and an English mother. After education at a National School he entered the hosiery trade, ultimately becoming a partner in the firm of Hine and Mundella of Nottingham. He became active in the political life of Nottingham, and after giving a series of public lectures in Sheffield was invited to contest the seat in the General Election of 1868. Mundella was Liberal M.P. for Sheffield from 1868 to 1885, and for the Brightside division of the Borough from November 1885 to his death in 1897.
    [Show full text]
  • Devotion and Polemic in Eighteenth-Century England: William Mason and the Literature of Lay Evangelical Anglicanism
    Devotion and Polemic in Eighteenth-Century England: William Mason and the Literature of Lay Evangelical Anglicanism Simon Lewis abstract William Mason (1719–1791), an Anglican evangelical lay- man of Bermondsey, London, published extensively on theological issues to educate the Anglican laity in the Church of England’s Reformed tradi- tion. Despite the popularity of his writings, Mason has been neglected by scholars. By providing the first large-scale examination of Mason’s works, Simon Lewis shows that eighteenth-century Calvinist evangelicalism bene- fited from an active and vocal laity, whose evangelistic strategies were not limited to preaching; provides a model for how scholars can integrate piety and polemic in their explorations of religious print culture; and enhances our understanding of the laity’s engagement in theological controversies. Keywords: devotion; polemic; Anglicanism; Methodism; Calvinism Only relatively recently has scholarship of evangelicalism in eighteenth-century England benefited from fresh attention to the laity. In Heart Reli- gion in the British Enlightenment (2008), Phyllis Mack considers the ways in which female Methodist leaders—particularly Mary Bosanquet Fletcher—discerned spiri- tual authority and direction from their dreams.1 Antje Matthews similarly empha- sizes lay experience by exploring the evangelical painter John Russell, who recorded his feelings and anxieties.2 While these studies of lay spirituality have certainly enhanced our understanding of eighteenth-century evangelicalism, their empha- sis on religious experience has meant that the importance of polemic has often been neglected. The question of whether devotional piety took priority over religious 1. Phyllis Mack, Heart Religion in the British Enlightenment: Gender and Emotion in Early Methodism (Cambridge, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf
    OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Gulf of Mexico OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Author TRC Environmental Corporation Prepared under BOEM Contract M08PD00024 by TRC Environmental Corporation 4155 Shackleford Road Suite 225 Norcross, Georgia 30093 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans Gulf of Mexico OCS Region May 2012 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and TRC Environmental Corporation. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endoresements or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY This report is available only in compact disc format from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, at a charge of $15.00, by referencing OCS Study BOEM 2012-008. The report may be downloaded from the BOEM website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS). You will be able to obtain this report also from the National Technical Information Service in the near future. Here are the addresses. You may also inspect copies at selected Federal Depository Libraries. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Chief Standard Work': the Rise and Fall of David Hume's' History of England'. 1754-C. 1900
    ’A CHIEF STANDARD WORK’: THE RISE AND FALL OF DAVID HUME’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1754-C.1900. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PhD THESIS JAMES ANDREW GEORGE BAVERSTOCK UNIVERSITY COLLEGE [LONOIK. ProQuest Number: 10018558 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10018558 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract. This thesis examines the influence of David Hume’s History of England during the century of its greatest popularity. It explores how far the long-term fortunes of Hume’s text matched his original aims for the work. Hume’s success in creating a classic popular narrative is demonstrated, but is contrasted with the History's failure to promote the polite ’coalition of parties’ he wished for. Whilst showing that Hume’s popularity contributed to tempering some of the teleological excesses of the ’whig version’ of English history, it is stressed that his work signally failed in dampening ’Whig’/ ’Tory’ conflict. Rather than provide a new frame of reference for British politics, as Hume had intended, the History was absorbed into national political culture as a ’Tory’ text - with important consequences for Hume’s general reputation as a thinker.
    [Show full text]
  • “Beyond the Character of the Times”: Anglican Revivalists in Eighteenth-Century Virginia
    “Beyond the Character of the Times”: Anglican Revivalists in Eighteenth-Century Virginia By Frances Watson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Liberty University 2021 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Chapter One: Beyond Evangelical – Anglican Revivalists 14 Chapter Two: Beyond Tolerant – Spreading Evangelicalism 34 Chapter Three: Beyond Patriotic – Proponents of Liberty 55 Conclusion 69 Bibliography 77 ~ 1 ~ Introduction While preaching Devereux Jarratt’s funeral service, Francis Asbury described him thus: “He was a faithful and successful preacher. He had witnessed four or five periodical revivals of religion in his parish. When he began his labours, there was no other, that he knew of, evangelical minister in all the province!”1 However, at the time of his death, Jarratt would be one of a growing number of Evangelical Anglican ministers in the province of Virginia. Although Anglicanism remained the established church for the first twenty three years of Jarratt’s ministry, the Great Awakening forcefully brought the message of Evangelicalism to the colonies. As the American Revolution neared, new ideas about political and religious freedom arose, and Evangelical dissenters continued to grow in numbers. Into this scene stepped Jarratt, his friend Archibald McRobert, and his student Charles Clay. These three men would distinguish themselves from other Anglican clergymen by emulating the characteristics of the Great Awakening in their ministries, showing tolerance in their relationships with other religious groups, and providing support for American freedoms. Devereux Jarratt, Archibald McRobert, and Charles Clay all lived and mainly ministered to communities in the Piedmont area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seven Dials Renaissance Newsletter
    ‘The charity has brought an entire neighbourhood back to life…’ – Colin Davis presenting the first PRIAN national award for projects which have stood the test of time. ‘A great project…’ – Peter Bishop past Director of Environment Camden and Professor of Urban Design at the Bartlett School of Architecture. ‘Seven Dials is one of the great architectural set pieces of London.’ – Dr. John Martin Robinson. Overleaf… A Memorial to Francis Golding and the web edition of the ‘Renaissance Study’ | Newsletter wins the bi-annual Walter Bor Media Award | Updates on: the Renaissance Study web edition | Re-Lighting Seven Dials | Pillar Lighting | Street Name Plates | People’s and Street History Plaques. Sponsorship info at the end. 2014 is the Trust’s 30th year and a very busy one. We have many projects underway, some fully funded and others only partially so. We hope this newsletter might encourage your support in maintaining and enhancing this unusual conservation area – the only quarter of London largely intact from late Stuart England. Our projects which are not fully funded are: the new web edition of the Renaissance Studies which we hope will be as pioneering as the previous printed versions; the People’s Plaques scheme, and our part-time coordinator’s salary. Completing the street improvements is our largest task and we are working with our local authorities and freeholders on a holistic approach. Our origins go back to 1977 when Seven Dials became a Housing Action Area and a Conservation Area with Outstanding Status, one of only 38 out of c. 6,000 in England.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing British National History in the Twentieth Century
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Writing British national history in the twentieth century Salinsky, Mary Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: Writing British national history in the twentieth century Author: Mary Salinsky The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement.
    [Show full text]
  • NACBS Program, Baltimore, 2002
    NACBS Program, Baltimore, 2002 http://www.nacbs.org/program_archive/02ann.html The North American Conference on British Studies in conjunction with The Southern Conference on British Studies Annual Meeting 8-10 November 2002 Baltimore, Maryland NACBS Executive Committee President Martin J. Wiener (Rice University) Vice-President Cynthia B. Herrup (Duke University) Immediate Past President Linda Levy Peck (George Washington University) Executive Secretary Philip Harling (University of Kentucky) Associate Executive Secretary Patty Seleski (California State University, San Marcos) Treasurer Marc Baer (Hope College) Elected Members of the NACBS Council Eric J. Carlson (Gustavus Adolphus College) Barbara J. Harris (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) Philippa Levine (University of Southern California) Emily Tabuteau (Michigan State University) Robert Tittler (Concordia University) 1 of 25 11/12/08 3:58 PM NACBS Program, Baltimore, 2002 http://www.nacbs.org/program_archive/02ann.html NACBS/SCBS Program Committee Angela Woollacott (Case Western Reserve University) Chair Ian Christopher Fletcher (Georgia State University) Katherine French (SUNY-New Paltz) Ginger S. Frost (Samford University) James Rosenheim (Texas A&M University) Joseph Ward (University of Mississippi) SCBS Executive Committee President Ginger S. Frost (Samford University) Vice President and Program Chair Neal McCrillis (Columbus State University) Immediate Past President John Hutcheson (Dalton State College) Secretary/Treasurer Fred van Hartesveldt (Fort Valley State University)
    [Show full text]