DOCSLIB.ORG

Your Source Vision

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Good-Lite Product Catalog YOUR SOURCE for VISION Cognitive Test • Grating Acuity • Wall Charts • Handheld Charts • EyeSpy 20/20 • 10x18 Charts • ETDRS Charts • Low Vision • Intermediate Vision • Near Vision • Read- ing Cards • ETDRS Cabinet • Spot Vision Screener • ESV1200 - 9x14 • ESV1018 - 10x18 • Insta-Line • CSV-1000 • Super Pinhole • Accessories • Screening Software • Testing Software • Fixation • Occluders • Fun Frames • Prisms • Hyperopia • Retinoscopy • Eye Models • Stereo Test • Worth 4-Dot • Color Books & Tests • D15 Style Color Test • Desaturated 1-800-263-3557 Color Test • Projector Slides • Continuous Text • Adult Charts • Children Charts • Pediatric Charts • Vectographic Slides • Amsler Grid • Campimeter • Prism Bar • Loose Prism • Spanish • Vectograph • Maddox • Cylinders • Phoropter • Trial Lens/Frames • Filters • Risley • Eye PatchesGOOD-LITE • LEA Symbols • LEA Numbers • Contrast Sensitivity • Visual Field • Cognitive Vision • Adaptation • Color Vision • Optokinetic • Tangent Screen • Flat & Curved Prism • Magnifier • Flipper • Slit Lamp Celebrating More Than 80 Years of Good-Lite The Good-Lite Company is celebrating In the 1970s, Palmer worked with Otto in children and adults with developmental more than 80 years as the industry leader Lippmann, MD, to develop HOTV optotypes delays/disabilities. The American Academy of in illuminated cabinets; evidence-based eye using Sloan letters. Lippmann’s HOTV Pediatrics, et al., includes LEA Symbols on its charts, such as the LEA Symbols, and many optotypes — a modified version of a Stycar list of recommended tests for preschool vision more vision screening and testing products matching letters test based on Snellen screening. available in this catalog and online. letters — are useful for screening and testing Good-Lite values its key role in helping vision The combined efforts of Robert Good, vision of children as young as age 3 years. screeners and eye care professionals detect MD, Professor of Ear, Nose, and Throat The American Academy of Pediatrics, et and treat vision disorders. We take pride in at the Chicago College of Medicine and al., includes HOTV optotypes on its list of meeting the diverse needs of all those who Surgery, and his son, Palmer Good, MD, recommended tests for preschool vision assess vision, including the many clinical ophthalmologist, created the Good-Lite screening. trials investigators who look to Good-Lite for Company in 1930 with the development of In 2002, Good-Lite proudly received state-of-the-art, evidence-based, standardized the first Good-Lite medical headlight. exclusive, worldwide manufacturing rights to equipment. As we celebrate our 80+ years, Later, Palmer added vision testing equipment the complete LEA Test System developed Good-Lite remains family owned and operated to the product line and led the Good-Lite by Lea Hyvärinen, MD, PhD, pediatric and is currently in the capable hands of the Company to its honored position among ophthalmologist, of Finland. Dr. Hyvärinen third and fourth generations of the Good family. today’s vision screening and testing providers. started the first vision rehabilitation service in In celebration of more than 80 years of Finland in 1976, designed the LEA Symbols Good-Lite’s numerous achievements over the success, we thank you, our valued customers, in 1976, and first described her 4 symbols— last 80 years are noteworthy. Palmer Good for your continued confidence in us. We apple, house, square, and circle—in a peer- worked closely with Louise Sloan, PhD, of appreciate your business and you have our reviewed journal in 1980. This System includes the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins to assurance that we will continue to provide you the LEA Symbols, the only pediatric optotypes develop the Sloan Letters for distance and near with dependable, cost-efficient products and that blur equally at threshold to prevent testing. Good-Lite is proud to have produced professional services in the years to come. guessing, and the LEA Numbers. The core the first commercial chart using Sloan Letters, tests in this unique system assess near and copyrighted in 1961 by Palmer Good. Sloan distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual letters continue to be the optotype of choice field deficits, cognitive vision, adaptation, and for many medical professionals, and were the color deficiency. They are useful for screening precursor to ETDRS charts in worldwide use in and testing children of all ages, as well as for clinical trials. conducting functional vision assessments Good-Lite's Vision Experts Lea Hyvärinen, MD P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin, EdD Lea Hyvärinen, MD, PhD, Professor h.c., Director, Vision and Eye Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health Initiatives Dortmund, Germany; Senior Lecturer, P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin, EdD, helped Developmental Neuropsychology, Geoffrey E. Bradford, MD, pediatric University of Helsinki, Finland, started to ophthalmologist at West Virginia University develop her LEA Vision Test System in (WVU) Eye Institute and member of the 1976 in Helsinki and has worked on it American Academy of Pediatrics’ Section with Chris Greening in 17 years. The Test on Ophthalmology Executive Committee, System now contains tests for numerous to create the Vision Initiative for Children, clinical test situations and vision screening a program that trained and equipped of children and adults with different individuals to screen the vision of preschoolers. communication needs. Dr. Chaplin is a member of the national Expert Advisory Committee The original tests on the printed near vision card were: a standard and Education Subcommittee to the National Center for Children’s test, a test with wide spacing and a tightly crowded test. There were Vision and Eye Health, an initiative housed at Prevent Blindness two tests for distance, a hand-made grating acuity test and for low America. Her role is to help implement recommendations of the contrast, photographic tests at the same contrast levels as today. In National Expert Panel for a universal preschool vision screening early 1990s came the LEA Puzzle, first black & white, strategy, to develop a vision screening training and certification later colorful; Panel 16 color vision test; LEA GRATINGS; Cone program, and to contribute to stakeholder education. Adaptation Test; Rectangle Game; Mailbox Game; Heidi Expressions Game and the LEA Numbers. The additions of the recent years are Dr. Chaplin has lectured, trained, and consulted at more than 100 LEA Grating Acuity Test, LEA Flicker Wand, the 40M and 60M cards national, state, and local venues, including conferences for the: for presentation as a line test or singly and the LEA Low Contrast • National Association of School Nurses, Grating Acuity Test. • National Head Start Association, Dr. Hyvärinen’s contributions to vision include training courses and • National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, lectures on functional vision testing for children with disabilities. The • Society for Physician Assistants in Pediatrics, and the next pages depict the Core Tests and their numerous variants that are still available for numerous screening projects and programs. • National Assembly on School-Based Health Care. GOOD-LITECATALOG CONTENTS LEA Core Vision Tests — Page 2 The Core Tests based on LEA Symbols and LEA Numbers designed Follow Lea Hyvärinen, for screening and assessment of visual functioning. MD, PhD, online: Color Vision Tests — Page 9 Panel 16 Magnetic Color Test HMC Anomaloscope Color Plate Books HRR Color Tests Farnsworth 100 Hue Dr. Lea Hyvarinen and Lea-Test Ltd Computerized Vision — Page 12 Vision Testing Software Vision Screening Software EyeSpy 20/20™ iPad Apps www.drleahyvarinen.com Distance Visual Acuity Testing — Page 15 Wall & Handheld Charts Pediatric Vision LEA Symbols LEA Numbers Sloan Letters HOTV www.lea-test.fi/ Distance Visual Acuity Screening — Page 17 Spot Handheld Vision Screener AAPOS Vision Screening Kit AAPOS Supplemental Vision Screening Kit Near Vision and Reading Visual Acuity — Page 18 LEA Symbols LEA Numbers Lighthouse Near Vision Sloan Letters Reading Cards Spanish Reading Cards Low Vision and Low Contrast — Page 25 Rehabilitation Charts Low Vision Devices Magnifiers & Domes Low Contrast Charts Low Contrast Flip Charts ELCT Contrast Chart Illuminated Cabinets and Charts — Page 33 ESV3000 & ESC2000 ETDRS ESV1200 & 1500 Insta-Line Quantum ESV1018 CSV-1000 Super Pinhole These products and Stereoacuity Screening — Page 48 much, much more can be Stereoacuity Screening Random Dot E Disparity Targets found on our website at: PASS Smile Tests Polarized Vectographs Worth 4-Dot www.good-lite.com Examination Tools — Page 52 Prisms Neutral Density Trial Frames and Lenses +/– Flippers Occluders Fixation General Optical Aids — Page 63 Marsden Ball Eye Models Tangent Screen Slit Lamp & Lenses Alger Brushes Anti-Suppression 3 Easy Ways to Order from Good-Lite: Order online at Order by Phone Order by FAX www.good-lite.com 800-362-3860 888-362-2576 GOOD-LITE® LEA Core Vision Tests Visual Acuity Tests: ® Visual acuity tests are used more than any that are equal to the width of the optotypes function of the visual system in these three other tests in ophthalmology, optometry, of that line. The distance between the test functionally different situations. The number and in vision screening in preschool, school, lines is equal to the height of the lower line of tests has grown over the years because and occupational health care. Visual acuity (Visual Acuity Measurement Standard
Recommended publications
  • Vision Screening Training

    Vision Screening Training

    Vision Screening Training Child Health and Disability Prevention (CHDP) Program State of California CMS/CHDP Department of Health Care Services Revised 7/8/2013 Acknowledgements Vision Screening Training Workgroup – comprising Health Educators, Public Health Nurses, and CHDP Medical Consultants Dr. Selim Koseoglu, Pediatric Ophthalmologist Local CHDP Staff 2 Objectives By the end of the training, participants will be able to: Understand the basic anatomy of the eye and the pathway of vision Understand the importance of vision screening Recognize common vision disorders in children Identify the steps of vision screening Describe and implement the CHDP guidelines for referral and follow-up Properly document on the PM 160 vision screening results, referrals and follow-up 3 IMPORTANCE OF VISION SCREENING 4 Why Screen for Vision? Early diagnosis of: ◦ Refractive Errors (Nearsightedness, Farsightedness) ◦ Amblyopia (“lazy eye”) ◦ Strabismus (“crossed eyes”) Early intervention is the key to successful treatment 5 Why Screen for Vision? Vision problems often go undetected because: Young children may not realize they cannot see properly Many eye problems do not cause pain, therefore a child may not complain of discomfort Many eye problems may not be obvious, especially among young children The screening procedure may have been improperly performed 6 Screening vs. Diagnosis Screening Diagnosis 1. Identifies children at 1. Identifies the child’s risk for certain eye eye condition conditions or in need 2. Allows the eye of a professional
  • Binocular Vision

    Binocular Vision

    Continuing education CET Binocular vision Part 5 – Binocular sensory status and miscellaneous tests In the latest addition to our occasional series on the assessment and management of binocular vision in practice, Priya Dabasia looks at sensory status and its measurement. Module C16058, one general CET point for optometrists and dispensing opticians he preceding accounts in ● Confusion – the superimposition this mini series of binocular of two dissimilar images in higher vision (BV) testing have processing, experienced predominantly detailed procedures for on observing complex scenes such as ‘a the cover test (CT), ocular room’. The same patient is more likely motility and heterophoria to report diplopia on viewing a small, Tcompensation. The final two articles bright target such as a penlight aim to outline the assessment of ● Retinal rivalry – the observation binocular sensory status, stereopsis and of alternating percepts or a combined convergence. ‘mosaic’ so that images from each eye Having two frontally positioned eyes are never seen simultaneously. separated by approximately 65mm enhances many aspects of our visual Anomalous retinal correspondence performance – a wide panorama, (ARC) is considered a more efficient higher acuity, and three-dimensional sensory adaptation to heterotropia as perception to a distance of 200 metres, suppression occurs in localised zones provided both eyes are fully functional Figure 1 to the fovea of one eye corresponds to a rather than spanning the binocular and coordinated together. Anomalies Worth 4-Dot point temporal to the fovea in the other field. It facilitates a weaker form of of binocular function have often been test eye. In reality, BSV can still be achieved BSV, relieving diplopia while enabling described as ‘the hidden learning with misaligned visual axes provided a good level of depth perception of up disability’ as they impair academic the disparity occurs within the limits of to 100’’.
  • Jaeger Eye Chart

    Jaeger Eye Chart

    Jaeger Eye Chart DIRECTIONS FOR USE The Jaeger eye chart (or Jaeger card) is used to test and document near visual acuity at a normal reading distance. Refractive errors and conditions that cause blurry reading vision include astigmatism, hyperopia (farsightedness) and presbyopia (loss of near focusing ability after age 40). If you typically wear eyeglasses or contact lenses full-time, you should wear them during the test. 1. Hold the test card 14 inches from the eyes. Use a tape measure to verify this distance. 2. The card should be illuminated with lighting typical of that used for comfortable reading. 3. Testing usually is performed with both eyes open; but if a significant difference between the two eyes is suspected, cover one eye and test each eye separately. 4. Go to the smallest block of text you feel you can see without squinting, and read that passage aloud. 5. Then try reading the next smaller block of text. (Remember: no squinting!) 6. Continue reading successively smaller blocks of print until you reach a size that is not legible. 7. Record the “J” value of the smallest block of text you can read (example: “J1”). DISCLAIMER: Eye charts measure only visual acuity, which is just one component of good vision. They cannot determine if your eyes are “working overtime” (needing to focus more than normal, which can lead to headaches and eye strain). Nor can they determine if your eyes work properly as a team for clear, comfortable binocular vision and accurate depth perception. Eye charts also cannot detect serious eye problems such as glaucoma or early diabetic retinopathy that could lead to serious vision impairment and even blindness.
  • Worth 4 Dot App for Determining Size and Depth of Suppression

    Worth 4 Dot App for Determining Size and Depth of Suppression

    Article Worth 4 Dot App for Determining Size and Depth of Suppression Ann L. Webber1, Thomas R. Mandall1, Darcy T. Molloy1, Lucas J. Lister1, and Eileen E. Birch2,3 1 School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 2 Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA 3 UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Correspondence: Ann L. Webber, Purpose: To describe and evaluate an iOS application suppression test, Worth 4 Dot Queensland University of App (W4DApp), which was designed and developed to assess size and depth of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin suppression. Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia. Methods: e-mail: [email protected] Characteristics of sensory fusion were evaluated in 25 participants (age 12– 69 years) with normal (n = 6) and abnormal (n = 19) binocular vision. Suppression zone Received: August 12, 2019 size and classification of fusion were determined by W4DApp and by flashlight Worth4 Accepted: December 13, 2019 Dot (W4D) responses from 33 cm to 6 m. Measures of suppression depth were compared Published: March 9, 2020 between the W4DApp, the flashlight W4D with neutral density filter bar and the dichop- Keywords: suppression; binocular tic letters contrast balance index test. vision; Worth 4 Dot Results: There was high agreement in classification of fusion between the W4DApp Citation: Webber AL, Mandall TR, method and that derived from flashlight W4D responses from 33 cm to 6m(α = Molloy DT, Lister LJ, Birch EE. Worth 0.817). There were no significant differences in success rates or in reliability between 4 Dot App for determining size and the W4DApp or the flashlight W4D methods for determining suppression zone size.
  • AAO 2018 2019 BCSC Sectio

    AAO 2018 2019 BCSC Sectio

    The American Academy of Ophthalmology is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The American Academy of Ophthalmology designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. CME expiration date: June 1, 2021. AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ may be claimed only once between June 1, 2018, and the expiration date. BCSC® volumes are designed to increase the physician’s ophthalmic knowledge through study and review. Users of this activity are encouraged to read the text and then answer the study questions provided at the back of the book. To claim AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ upon completion of this activity, learners must demonstrate appropriate knowledge and participation in the activity by taking the posttest for Section 3 and achieving a score of 80% or higher. For further details, please see the instructions for requesting CME credit at the back of the book. The Academy provides this material for educational purposes only. It is not intended to represent the only or best method or procedure in every case, nor to replace a physician’s own judgment or give specic advice for case management. Including all indications, contraindications, side eects, and alternative agents for each drug or treatment is beyond the scope of this material. All information and recommendations should be veried, prior to use, with current information included in the manufacturers’ package inserts or other independent sources, and considered in light of the patient’s condition and history.
  • PROTOCOL STUDY TITLE: Evaluation of Reading Speed

    PROTOCOL STUDY TITLE: Evaluation of Reading Speed

    PROTOCOL STUDY TITLE: Evaluation of ReAding Speed, Contrast Sensitivity, and Work Productivity in Working Individuals with Diabetic Macular Edema Following Treatment with Intravitreal Ranibizumab (ERASER Study) STUDY DRUG Recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody fragment (rhuFab V2 [ranibizumab]) California Retina Research Foundation SPONSOR 525 E. Micheltorena Street, Suites A & D Santa Barbara, California, United States 93103 NCT NUMBER: NCT02107131 INVESTIGATOR Nathan Steinle, MD SUB- Robert Avery, MD INVESTIGATORS Ma’an Nasir, MD Dante Pieramici, MD Alessandro Castellarin, MD Robert See, MD Stephen Couvillion, MD Dilsher Dhoot, MD DATE: 12/4/2015 AMENDMENT: 3 Protocol: ML29184s Amendment Date: 4December2015 Lucentis IST Program 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness associated with retinal vascular disease. Macular edema is a major cause of central vision loss in patients presenting with diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetic macular edema after 15 years of known diabetes is approximately 20% in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), 25% in patients with type 2 DM who are taking insulin, and 14% in patients with type 2 DM who do not take insulin. Breakdown of endothelial tight junctions and loss of the blood-retinal barrier between the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris junction lead to exudation of blood, fluid, and lipid leading to thickening of the retina. When these changes involves or threatens the fovea, there is a higher risk of central vision loss. Functional and eventual structural changes in the blood-retinal barrier as well as reduced retinal blood flow leads to the development of hypoxia. These changes may result in upregulation and release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a 45 kD glycoprotein.
  • Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF

    Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF

    Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF AUTHORS: Roger Chou, MD,a,b,c Tracy Dana, MLS,a and abstract Christina Bougatsos, BSa CONTEXT: Screening could identify preschool-aged children with vi- aOregon Evidence-Based Practice Center and Departments of bMedicine and cMedical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, sion problems at a critical period of visual development and lead to Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon treatments that could improve vision. KEY WORDS OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of screening preschool- impaired visual acuity, vision screening, vision tests, preschool aged children for impaired visual acuity on health outcomes. children, refractive errors, amblyopia, amblyogenic risk factors, random dot E stereoacuity test, MTI photoscreener, patching, METHODS: We searched Medline from 1950 to July 2009 and the Co- systematic review chrane Library through the third quarter of 2009, reviewed reference ABBREVIATIONS lists, and consulted experts. We selected randomized trials and con- USPSTF—US Preventive Services Task Force trolled observational studies on preschool vision screening and treat- logMAR—logarithmic minimal angle of resolution ALSPAC—Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children ments, and studies of diagnostic accuracy of screening tests. One in- RR—relative risk vestigator abstracted relevant data, and a second investigator CI—confidence interval checked data abstraction and quality assessments. VIP—Vision in Preschoolers PLR—positive likelihood ratio RESULTS: Direct evidence on the effectiveness of preschool vision NLR—negative likelihood ratio screening for improving visual acuity or other clinical outcomes re- MTI—Medical Technology and Innovations OR—odds ratio mains limited and does not adequately address whether screening is D—diopter(s) more effective than no screening.
  • Binocular Vision

    Binocular Vision

    BINOCULAR VISION Rahul Bhola, MD Pediatric Ophthalmology Fellow The University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences posted Jan. 18, 2006, updated Jan. 23, 2006 Binocular vision is one of the hallmarks of the human race that has bestowed on it the supremacy in the hierarchy of the animal kingdom. It is an asset with normal alignment of the two eyes, but becomes a liability when the alignment is lost. Binocular Single Vision may be defined as the state of simultaneous vision, which is achieved by the coordinated use of both eyes, so that separate and slightly dissimilar images arising in each eye are appreciated as a single image by the process of fusion. Thus binocular vision implies fusion, the blending of sight from the two eyes to form a single percept. Binocular Single Vision can be: 1. Normal – Binocular Single vision can be classified as normal when it is bifoveal and there is no manifest deviation. 2. Anomalous - Binocular Single vision is anomalous when the images of the fixated object are projected from the fovea of one eye and an extrafoveal area of the other eye i.e. when the visual direction of the retinal elements has changed. A small manifest strabismus is therefore always present in anomalous Binocular Single vision. Normal Binocular Single vision requires: 1. Clear Visual Axis leading to a reasonably clear vision in both eyes 2. The ability of the retino-cortical elements to function in association with each other to promote the fusion of two slightly dissimilar images i.e. Sensory fusion. 3. The precise co-ordination of the two eyes for all direction of gazes, so that corresponding retino-cortical element are placed in a position to deal with two images i.e.
  • Strabismus: a Decision Making Approach

    Strabismus: a Decision Making Approach

    Strabismus A Decision Making Approach Gunter K. von Noorden, M.D. Eugene M. Helveston, M.D. Strabismus: A Decision Making Approach Gunter K. von Noorden, M.D. Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Eugene M. Helveston, M.D. Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Published originally in English under the title: Strabismus: A Decision Making Approach. By Gunter K. von Noorden and Eugene M. Helveston Published in 1994 by Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St. Louis, MO Copyright held by Gunter K. von Noorden and Eugene M. Helveston All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the authors. Copyright © 2010 Table of Contents Foreword Preface 1.01 Equipment for Examination of the Patient with Strabismus 1.02 History 1.03 Inspection of Patient 1.04 Sequence of Motility Examination 1.05 Does This Baby See? 1.06 Visual Acuity – Methods of Examination 1.07 Visual Acuity Testing in Infants 1.08 Primary versus Secondary Deviation 1.09 Evaluation of Monocular Movements – Ductions 1.10 Evaluation of Binocular Movements – Versions 1.11 Unilaterally Reduced Vision Associated with Orthotropia 1.12 Unilateral Decrease of Visual Acuity Associated with Heterotropia 1.13 Decentered Corneal Light Reflex 1.14 Strabismus – Generic Classification 1.15 Is Latent Strabismus
  • Get to Know the Defocus Curve an Understanding of This Concept Is Integral to Assessing How Well an IOL Corrects Presbyopia

    Get to Know the Defocus Curve an Understanding of This Concept Is Integral to Assessing How Well an IOL Corrects Presbyopia

    CATARACT SURGERY FEATURE STORY Get to Know the Defocus Curve An understanding of this concept is integral to assessing how well an IOL corrects presbyopia. BY ROBERT J. CIONNI, MD he number of IOL options for the correction of presbyopia during cataract surgery is growing. Options include diffractive multifocal lenses (AcrySof IQ Restor [Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort TWorth, TX] and Tecnis Multifocal [Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA]), zonal refractive lenses (ReZoom; Abbott Medical Optics Inc.), and accommodating lenses (Crystalens [Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, NY] and Synchrony [Abbott Medical Optics Inc.; not available in the United States]). The performance of these lenses depends on many factors such as biometry, degree of corneal astigmatism, the patient’s disposition, and the predictability of the Figure 1. Relative defocus curves from product inserts. (Data lens’ position. Each will affect residual refractive error, adapted from product information/package inserts.1,2) visual disturbances, and satisfaction rates and may vary by lens. Comparing the different IOLs’ performance in Once the patient is best corrected at distance, an addi- clinical practice therefore can be difficult. One strong, tional lens is introduced in front of each of his or her eyes objective, clinical measure of how well a lens is correct- simultaneously to produce some defocus, and his or her ing presbyopia, however, is the defocus curve. It also acuity with that level of defocus is tested. Typically, the directly addresses the main factor that drives patients to examiner will use -0.50 D to start and then add more minus consider a presbyopia-correcting IOL in the first place— power in 0.50 D increments.
  • Fonts Designed for Macular Degeneration: Impact on Reading

    Fonts Designed for Macular Degeneration: Impact on Reading

    Low Vision Fonts Designed for Macular Degeneration: Impact on Reading Ying-Zi Xiong,1 Ethan A. Lorsung,1 John Stephen Mansfield,2 Charles Bigelow,3 and Gordon E. Legge1 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States 2Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, United States 3Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States Correspondence: Ying-Zi Xiong, De- PURPOSE. People with macular degeneration (MD) experience difficulties in reading due to partment of Psychology, University central-field loss. Two new fonts, Eido and Maxular Rx, have been designed specifically for of Minnesota, No. 79 East River Road individuals with MD. We have compared reading performance of these new fonts with three S219, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; mainstream fonts (Times-Roman, Courier, and Helvetica). [email protected]. METHODS. Subjects with MD ( 19) and normally sighted subjects ( 40) were tested with Submitted: March 17, 2018 n ¼ n ¼ Accepted: July 15, 2018 digital versions of the MNREAD test using the five fonts. Maximum reading speed (MRS), critical print size (CPS), and reading acuity (RA) were estimated to characterize reading Citation: Xiong Y-Z, Lorsung EA, performance. Physical properties of the fonts were quantified by interletter spacing and Mansfield JS, Bigelow C, Legge GE. perimetric complexity. Fonts designed for macular degenera- tion: impact on reading. Invest Oph- RESULTS. Reading with MD showed font differences in MRS, CPS, and RA. Compared with thalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:4182–4189. Helvetica and Times, Maxular Rx permitted both smaller CPS and RA, and Eido permitted https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24334 smaller RA.
  • Glaucoma Eye Examination Checklist

    Glaucoma Eye Examination Checklist

    Glaucoma Eye Examination Checklist Glaucoma is an eye disease that causes irreversible loss of vision, and there are no symptoms until the advanced stages. Glaucoma New Zealand recommends that everyone, even people without symptoms of any eye problem, should have an examination to check for glaucoma by the time they are 45. If the exam is normal, then you should have a repeat glaucoma eye examination at least every five years. However, if you have a family history of glaucoma, or have other risk factors for developing glaucoma, then you may need to be seen at a younger age and followed up more regularly. As part of an eye examination to check for glaucoma, your optometrist or ophthalmologist should check the following: • You will be asked questions about your previous eye health, including any medications you may have taken for eye conditions, and any history of eye injury or surgery. • You will be asked about any family history of glaucoma and other eye diseases. • You will be asked about your general health, and about the medications you are currently taking or have taken in the past, particularly steroid medications. Some health conditions are associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. • Your focusing error will be assessed. People with high levels of focusing error are at increased risk of developing glaucoma. For example, people who are highly short- sighted are at higher risk of developing open angle glaucoma, and people who are very long-sighted have a higher risk of narrow angles and angle closure glaucoma. • You will be asked to read the smallest letters you can see on an eye chart.