Bob Houston, Percussion DMA Recital Assisted by Carol Houston, Piano Conrad Bauschka, Trumpet Dr
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37? .A/g/J Ato, /£5"^ A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED KEYBOARD COMPOSITIONS OF CHOPIN, BRAHMS, AND FRANCK AS TRANSCRIBED FOR THE MARIMBA BY CLAIR OMAR MUSSER, EARL HATCH, AND FRANK MAC CALLUM TOGETHER WITH THREE RECITALS OF WORKS BY BARTOK, CRUMB, MIYOSHI, KRAFT AND OTHERS DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts Robert E. Houston, B.A., M. M Denton, Texas December, 1980 Houston, Robert E., Jr., A Comparative Analysis of Selected Keyboard Compositions of Chopin, Brahms, and Franck as Transcribed for the Marimba by Clair Omar Musser, Earl Hatch, and Frank Mac Callum Together with Three Recitals of Works by Bartok, Crumb, Miyoshi, Kraft and Others. Doctor of Musical Arts, December, 1980, 53 pp., 14 illustrations, bibli- ography, 27 titles. This study is an examination of Earl Hatch and Clair Musser's transcriptions for marimba of Chopin's Waltz, Opus 64 No. 1, Musser's arrangement of Chopin's Mazurka, Opus 17 No. 4, Hatch's setting of Brahms' Hungarian Dance No. 5, and Frank Mac Callum's treatment of Franck's "Chorale" from the Prelude, Chorale and Fugue. Additionally, the role of the transcription during the Romantic Period, the historical development of the marimba tran- scription, and performance considerations of the specific works presented are discussed. Some of the most successful marimba transcriptions are for the marimba or mallet ensemble. Today writers are more judicious in their choice of subject matter for ensemble transcrip- tion, drawing upon a variety of musical styles from differing musical periods. Solo techniques, marimba ensembles, and instrument construction have all seen extensive revitalization throughout the last twenty years. Perhaps if the solo transcription were to be revitalized, more significant contributions to the marimba reper- toire would be made. The transcription has contributed a popular body of litera- ture to the marimba. However, it must continue to reflect the growth, development, and maturity of this instrument if it is to remain a significant part of the marimba repertoire. Tape recordings of all performances submitted as the dissertation are on deposit at the North Texas State University Library. Tape recordings of all performances submitted as dissertation requirements are on deposit in the North Texas State University Library. in CONTENTS Page TABLE OF EXAMPLES ix Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 2 The Romantic Transcription Marimba Transcriptions—Historical Develop- ment III. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED KEYBOARD WORKS OF CHOPIN, BRAHMS, AND FRANCK .... 15 Waltz, Opus 64 No. 1, Chopin Mazurka, Opus 17 No. 4, Chopin Hungarian Dance No. 5, Brahms "Chorale" from Prelude, Chorale and Fugue, F ranck IV. PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS 37 V. CONCLUSIONS 46 BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 IV North Texas State University School of Music presents ROBERT E. HOUSTON in a Graduate Percussion Recital assisted by Carol Houston, piano Cwen Bauschka, piano John Rice, percussion Monday, March 7,1977 5:00 p.m. Music Recital Hall Program Music for a Summer Evening (Makrokosmos III) 1974 George Crumb Nocturnal Sounds (The Awakening) Wanderer - Fantasy Advent "Hymn for the Nativity of the Star Child" Myth Music of the Starry Night "Five Fold Galactic Bells" "Song of Reconciliation" Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion (1942) Bela Bartok Assai Lento, Allegro Molto Lento, ma non troppo Allegro non troppo Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Musical Arts NORTH TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE. DENTON, TEXAS V North Texas State University School of Music ' presents ROBERT E. HOUSTON ma Graduate Percussion Recital Monday, August 8,1977 8:15 p.m. Music Recital Hall Program Sonata No. 1 in C Minor J.S. Bach Adagio Fuga Siciliano Presto Four Pieces for Timpani (1966) Elliott Carter Improvisation Saeta Canto March Three Pieces for Marimba (1976) Murray Houliff English Suite (1973) William Kraft Prelude Allemande Courant Sarabande Bourse I Bourse II Gigue VI North Texas State University School of Music presents Bob Houston, percussion DMA Recital assisted by Carol Houston, piano Conrad Bauschka, trumpet Dr. James Deaton, clarinet Dr. Neill Humfeld, trombone Monday, April 7,1980 5:00 p.m. Recital Hall Jose Gonzales Mutables (1975) Sonorities Accents Resonances Pizzicati Newell Kay Brown Anagrams (1977) Invention Etchings Circles March Akira Miyoshi Conversation Suite for Marimba (1978) Tender Talk So Nice it Was ... Repeatedly Lingering Chagrin Again the Hazy Answer A Lame Excuse Karl Kroeger Toccata for Clarinet, Trombone, and Percussion (1969) This program is presented in partial fulfillment for the requirements of Doctor of Musical Arts degree. Vll North Texas State University School of Music presents Bob Houston, percussion DMA Lecture Recital A comparative analysis of selected keyboard compositions of Chopin, Brahms and Franck as transcribed for the marimba by Clair Omar Musser, Earl Hatch and Frank MacCallum assisted by Carol Houston, piano Jon Wacker, marimba Genaro Gonzales, bass marimba Monday, July 7,1980 6:30 p.m. Recital Hall Frederick Chopin/Hatch Valse, Op. 64 No. 1 Frederick Chopin/Musser Mazurka, Op. 17 No. 4 Johannes Brahms/Hatch Hungarian Dance No. 5 Cesar Franck/MacCallum Chorale from Prelude, Chorale and Fugue This program is presented in partial fulfillment for the requirements of Doctor of Musical Arts degree. vm TABLE OF EXAMPLES m Example Page 1. Frederick Chopin, Opus 64 No. 1, m. 1 of the (a) Paderewski ed., (b) Musser and (c) Hatch trans ' 16 2. Frederick Chopin, Opus 64 No. 1, m. 10 of the (a) Paderewski ed. and the (b) Musser trans. 17 3. Frederick Chopin, Opus 64 No. 1, mm. 37 to 40 of the (a) Paderewski ed. and the (b) Musser trans 19 4. Frederick Chopin, Opus 64 No. 1, mm. 54 to 57 of the (a) Paderewski ed. and the (b) Musser trans 20 5. Frederick Chopin, Opus 64 No. 1, mm. 120 to 125 of the (a) Paderewski ed., the (b) Musser and the two (c), (d) Hatch trans 21 6. Frederick Chopin, Opus 17 No. 4, mm. 14 to 17 of the piano part of the Musser trans 23 7. Frederick Chopin, Opus 17 No. 4, mm. 43 to 44 of the (a) Paderewski ed., and (b) Musser trans 24 8. Frederick Chopin, Opus 17 No. 4, m. 47 of the Musser trans 24 9. Frederick Chopin, Opus 17 No. 4, mm. 117 to 120 of the (a) Paderewski ed. and the (b) Musser trans 26 10. Frederick Chopin, Opus 17 No. 4, mm. 129 to 132 of the (a) Paderewski ed. and (b) mm. 129 to 133 of the Musser trans 27 ix Example Page 11. Johannes Brahms, Hungarian Dance No. 5, mm. 69 to 72 of the (a) collected works and (b) Hatch trans 30 12. Johannes Brahms, Hungarian Dance No. 5, mm. 109 to 110 of the (a) collected works and 125 to 126 of the (b) Hatch trans 31 13. Cesar Franck, Prelude, Chorale and Fugue, "Chorale," mm. 21 to 23 of the (a) origiraal piano part and (b) Mac Callum trans 34 • 14. Cesar Franck, Prelude, Chorale and Fugue, "Chorale," mm. 44 to 45 of the (a) original piano part and (b) Mac Callum trans. 36 x Chapter I INTRODUCTION The marimba transcriptions of Clair Omar Musser, Earl Hatch, and Frank Mac Callum provide an important addition to marimba literature. Sources of some of their more successful transcriptions are of piano works of Frederick Chopin, Johannes Brahms, and Cesar Franck. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare Hatch's and Musser's transcriptions of Chopin's Waltz, Opus 64 No. 1, Musser's arrangement of Chopin's Mazurka, Opus 17 No. 4, Hatch's setting of Brahms' Hungarian Dance No. 5, and Mac Callum's treatment of Franck's "Chorale" from the Prelude, Chorale and Fugue. Additionally, the role of the transcription during the Romantic Period, the historical development of the marimba tran- scription, and performance considerations of the specific works presented are discussed. Chapter II HISTORICAL OVERVIEW The most extensive practice of transcribing occurred throughout the nineteenth century. One of the most common tran- scription procedures was to alternate the solo part in a duo from one instrument to another. Sometimes single movement works would evolve as portions of larger forms. Transcriptions of whole sonata movements provided yet another source, and arrangements •f were also made to revive interest in works of the past. Personal interpretation of musical forms was encouraged, and consequently all types of music became subject to arrangement. For example, small character pieces for piano were often scored for symphony orchestra and vocal ensembles were arranged for bizarre combina- tions of instruments. Liszt, perhaps the most competent instru- mental arranger of the century, was so confident of his piano transcription technique that he "boasted he could make the piano reproduce any effect whatsoever. " Mendelssohn countered with "Let me hear the first measures of Mozart's G minor Symphony, with the broken triads in the violas, played on the piano so that they 1. William S. Newman, The Sonata Since Beethoven (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1969), 102. will sound as they do in the orchestra, and I will believe in your p business of transcription." Because the scope of the transcription in the Romantic Period is so Vast, it will serve to restrict the present discussion to those examples which have a close connection to the composers whose works will be observed later in this presentation. One of the best known works from the romantic repertoire is Chopin's Marche funebre, which was composed in 1837 and included in 1839 as the third movement of the B-flat Sonata, Opus 35. This piece appeared subsequently as an arrangement for the following instruments: piano and organ, harmonium, zither, mandolin, two pianos, harmonium and violin, cello, mandolin and piano, flute and piano, cornet and piano, and additional combinations up to the full Q orchestra.