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9-1991

The Graduate Student Advocate, September 1991, Vol. 3, No. 1

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This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Graduate Student Volume 3 City University of New York SEPTEMBER 1991 Number 1

, Graduate School Administration Meet the President: Threatens Status of Over 1600 Students An interview with Frances Degen Horowitz. • Thomas Smith • Many Graduate School students re­ land, and Executive Director of Student cently received unsigned letters from Services Matthew Schoengood, all in­ Senior Registrar Robert Goldstein. sist that "extenuating circumstances" I These letters informed students that would be taken into account with the Advocate: Can you tell ui; more about your­ went to another college for a year before I they had failed to fulfill the minimum advent of sprtng semester. These cir­ self, about your New York memories and went there. Getting to Antioch was like a requirements for satisfactory progress cumstances might include family obli­ your academic interests in college? You breath of fresh air. toward completion of their degrees. gations, work, etc.... Each official in­ were, for example, a philosophy major. According to Bob Nelson of the Office sisted that the letters were not in­ President Horowitz: W(;ll, I grew up in the A: Was it unusual to go to a place like of Student Services, a total of 1619 let­ tended to "intimidate" .anyone though Bronx. If you have ever read Doctorow's Antioch at the time? ters were sent 9ut, out of a total of 3956 Floyd Moreland admitted that the let­ World's Fair he writes about Eastbourne H: \Vell, Iknewonlyoneotherperson. By cases reviewed. In order to meet mini­ ters have caused some "panic" among Ave., the street I grew up on. And in fact I that time my parents had moved to Long mum standards for satisfactory prog­ students. Morela □d apologized "if the attended P.S. 70, which is the school he Beach, Long Island, and that is maybe why ress students must: letters were read that way." These let­ went to.' I even think we were there at the I never thought of CUNY, as I was no ters were intended to ''foster a stronger same time because I remember some of the longer a resident of the city. • Maintain a 3.0 GPA relationship between faculty and stu­ things which he recounts. I consider grow- ;But my mother's dream, when I was grow­ • Take their first doctoral exam before dents, to foster better mentoring by ing up in the Bronx to have been a very ing up, was that I would go to Hunter Col­ they complete 45 credits of course meeting with their EO's," one adminis­ personally rich experience. It was partly lege. In fact, my husband ended up teach­ work. trator responded. At the least, these because my extended family lived in vari- ing at Hunter. Hunter College was, in my • Not have more than two incompletes letters give ''the students six months to ous parts of the Bronx. I intend to write mother's youth, the absolute epitome of a outstanding. get their act together," said Goldstein. more about that. For a child growing up perfect college. I think she always wanted • Complete their degrees within eight Yet, Floyd Moreland ominqusly pro­ here it was a whole world. While reading to go there. Anyway. Antioch was a very years if they begin work here without a nounced that "At the end of the Fall World's Fair I compared his perception of special experience. It was a place of a lot of master's degree; seven years with a semester the computer will generate the exact same block with my own memo- ideas, and while I would never claim to master's. another series of reports. If the stu- ries. I think part of the difference in our have been part of the radical. fringe. l · · .,.t;,an'i!.W earned a otabou\ as ctrum o{ ).deas, ou\r ~...... ------,c=,=------~EKl~w.iaw;ieQl8These letters further informed students of progress, fine. If not, they've got female. He seemed to have m~u~cfh~m!'!:o~l':;:e-"'l~,~n~r 'i:1ef-iarn~a~iju~~~~~~-IMIJ---.-. that they must consult with their Execu­ trouble." freedom than I ever had as a child. had to go to Kansas to understand that. tive Officer at the beginning of this The Advocate asked these admin­ Why did you attend Antioch rather from page 1 semester to arrange a required plan of istrators how they will define a mini­ than CUNY? I ask that because I know that A: How do you feel about returning to New action. If students do not satisfy these mum degree of progress. "This is a Antioch has a reputation as a radical and York? minimum requirements by the spring difficult question, and will have to be alternative place to pursue a degree. / H: It's exciting and it's scary. The city is semester, they will be barred from reg­ taken up on a case-by-case basis, in I knew someone who had gone there very different from when I left it. and in a istration. consultation with the student's EO and and I was really attracted to their work- sad way it's different. But it's still a vi­ Understandably, quite a few stu­ advisor," answered Goldstein. Such study program; I loved to travel, and brant place and there is still enonnous en­ dents were upset. These letters, consultation will be especially impor­ needed that sense of freedom. Actually I continues on p. 6 coupled with rumors to the effect that tant, Goldstein acknowledged, at the the Federal Government q:mducted an dissertation stage, where it is difficult to. DistinguishedPsychologist audit of· the CUNY system over the. show tangible results, and ·where the Sylvia Scribner Dies at 67 summer, has· led some to believe that student frequently changes the "direc­ the Administration was pressured into tion" of her/his topic or text. Editor's note: This obituary is reprinted from the a "crack down" to preserve its funding. Moreland admitted that only "a Gradaate School and University Center newsletter. [According to Ian McGowan of the Stu­ small percentage" of those who re­ dent Leader News Service, Dean Floyd ceived letters faced serious problems. Sylvia Scribner, an internationally re­ Moreland confirmed that the Graduate What most concerned 'Goldstein, nowned cognitive psychologist on the fac­ School Office of Financial Aid wa~ au­ Moreland, and Schoengood was stu­ ulty of the Graduate School and University dited during the summer of 1991.] dents' failure to maintain a 3.0 GPA. Center of the City University of New York, However, Registrar Goldstein, "We make a commitment to the student died of cancer Saturday, July 20, at Lenox Dean of Student Affairs Floyd More- continues on p. 2 Hill Hospital in Manhattan. She was 67 years old. Dr. Scribner gained an international reputation for her research on cultural in­ fluences on learning and development. Her interests inciuded learning and thinking in the workplace, fonnal and infonnal educa­ tion, and the influences of activities such as Thought: A Psychological lntroductio11 schooling, literacy and work on the devel­ (1974), which she co-authored with Mi­ opment of intellectual skills. chael Cole, has become a standard college One of her best known research proj­ textbook in the field of cognitive psychol­ ects examined the psychological skills in­ ogy. volved in literacy activities among the Vai Dr. Scribner was a member of the U.S.' people of western Liberia who invented an Department of Education Delegation on original writing system. Her work was Educational Research ·to the Peoples Re­ detailed in a highly acclaimed book, The public of China. She made presentations Psychology of Literacy (1981), for which arid consulted on projects throughout the she re~ived the Melville J. Herskovits United States and in Berlin, Moscow. Award from the African Studies Associa­ Hel,sinki, and Tokyo, among others. tion in 1981. Another book, Culture and continues on p. 3 Page2 September 1991 Around & About The Center

Students Threatened are, however. But Moreland also said fromp.1 that he proposed the appointment of an when they matriculate that we believe independent ombudsperson for all they can do the work," Moreland re­ such appeals, including sexual harass­ marked. 'We let them down if we let ment, early in the summer. He is await­ them complete nearly 60 credit~ witli ing final "technical'' approval from 80th less than a 3.0 average and they have St. Such an ombudsperson "was ap­ to take extra courses to catch up," Sch­ pointed at Columbia University last oengood argued, Such a student month," reported Moreland. "The "might be better off at another school, Graduate Council once appointed a such as Columbia or NYU," argued faculty member for the position; but this Goldstein. "Sometimes students and postition was allowed to lapse." During the month of August the Mina Rees barcode before it can be borrowed, it departments don't match. It's not fair to Goldstein, admitted to The Advo­ Library began barcoding ID cards of would be wise to bring books to the circu­ let them continue if there's no way cate that there was an audit, "a short, Graduate School students and books circu- lation desk at least 20 minutes before you they're going to complete." fast one." He does not remember lating on the CUNY+ system. No longer plan to leave the library and at least 20 According to Goldstein, these let­ ~hich agency conducted it, whether it will library users find that the date due tag, minutes before the library closes. ters were written collectively, as a was state or federal. This audit was has peeled off the book; no longer will they Using the CUNY+ online public ac­ "group compilation." He and his office applied "to schools throughout the local have to write in their name, social security cess catalog (the computerized card cata­ were merely "an instrument in the proc­ area, in New Jersey and .upstate New number and telephone number on the book log), you will now notice that books on re­ ess." The Administration thought it York, as well as throughout CUNY, not card of each item they wish to borrow. The serve ~e so indicated on the screen. Bar­ most suitable that the Registrars just the Graduate Center." As a result CUNY + system assigns a barcode to each ·coded books which are taken out will be handle the matter. Its officials were of this audit, the agency felt that there patron and abarcode to each item in the Ii- indicated as "in circulation". If you have a thought to have the most experience in was some "confusion" on the part of brary collection. If your Graduate Center mo

Everything You've Always world who are going through what students .. ·· ., Scr1i.Hnel": ,_, ·_,_· .... at the Graduate Center are going through , .. · from page.it· .... : ·. Wanted to Know Ab-out the DSC are other students at the Graduate Center. ••• That is why the DSC is committed to creat­ Michael Glassman ing situations and environments where stu­ A fellow of the American Association dents can come together and feel part of a for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Scrib­ The question of who, or more appropriately Students Council office on the basement whole. We hope to have a number of cen­ ner was a member of the editorial boards of what, the DSC is, runs through many minds mezzanine or get in touch with the DSC ter-wide parties this year, smaller "pub­ ·several professional journals including the at this time of the year. The trouble with representative in his/her department. hours" where students can get together and Journal of Applied Psychology and Ethos. names that are initials is that everybody The Doctoral Student Council will try chat over a beer, a film series. and if pos­ Her professional affiliations included tends to gloss over them. And the DSC and advise you as to your rights as students sible a softball league. But it won't do any membership in the American Psychologi­ gets l9st in a haze of taking the MTA in in this institution, the offices to which you good unless you, the students, get in­ cal Association and New York Psycholo­ NYC so that you can get a good GPA, or if could and/or should bring your complaints, volved!• gists for Social Responsibility. not you can go visit an LPN and give her an and any ways in which you can protect Prior to joining the developmental SOS. Well the DSC stands for something, your own interests in this situation. If we psychology faculty of the CUNY Graduate and what it stands for is Doctoral Students do not know the answer to a specific ques­ School in 1981, Professor Scribner was ~ Council. Good, now that we've straight- tion, which is more than likely, we will try research scientist at the Center for Applied ened that out, everybody's wondering what and contact the appropriate offices to find Linguistics in Washington, D.C. She was the Doctoral Students Council is; is it any- out. During this process your identity will the associate director of the National 'Insti­ thing like a city council, is it a council of be kept confidential if you §O desire. If tute of Education from 1978 to 1979 and elders, what does it do? What it is sup- you decided to approach a school official senior research associate at tne Rockefeller posed to do is serve students needs. Stu- about the p1oblem (e.g., the Dean of Stu­ University from 1970 to 1978. She began dents have needs, many of them, but often dent Affairs), and you do not wish to go her career in 1945 as the research director times feel too isolated to recognize their's alone, then a member of the DSC steering and an organizer for the United Electrical, are student needs and not the result of some committee will accompany you. The DSC Radio and Machine Workers of America, personal psychodrama. One of the biggest is the student advocate, at the Graduate in Newark. NJ, a position she held for 14 needs students at the Graduate Center have Center, in these situations and has no other years. is to be with other students. agenda to follow than that of the students Dr. Scribner attended Smith College For times when students have prob- and is concerned with no other needs than on a full scholarship and graduated vale­ lems the DSC can act as ombudsperson for those of the students. dictorian in 1944. She earned a Ph.D. in the individual in distress. This is a role we The DSC serves other student needs as Cognitive Psychology from the New hope Jo expand and take very seriously. It well. As already mentioned one of the big­ School for Social Research in 1970. is important that members of the student gest needs of students is to be with other Dr. Scribner was married to David body recognize us in this capacity. If stu- students; it is our job to establish a sense of Scribner, a distinguished labor and civil­ dents don't know to come to us when they community here at the Graduate Center. rights attorney who died April 10, 1991. have troubles then there is no way that we This is not as easy as it may seem. The She is survived by her son Oliver Scribner can represent them. If a student finds him/ environmental set-up of the building, the of Vancouver, Canada; her daughter Aggie herself being treated unfairly, the victim of fact that so many students must work many Kapelman of Manhattan: her niece Barbara any type o~~arassment or prejudice, or is hours to support themselves in the pursuit Buehring of Seaford, NY: two grandsons. a,;;.-----~~iffl"ll'N~M'Tl~le'ffl'le-tieftlt,ffil~"'""'~lbl~~"""""~~icw•"°8tiuraJ.an Alex and Scott~ and her,husband"s..uau,g,b.- academically) and these actions have been or designated areas where students can ters om a p v,ous marnage. · taken or precipitated by members of the congregate and socialize work together to ner of St. James. NY, Wendy Scribner of Graduate Center community, then that in- isolate students from each other. The sad Manhattan, and Nancy Jaslow of Abington. dividual should either come to the Doctoral thing about this is the only people in the Pennsylvania.•

Taking a hard line )Ii:~::11ii1g[yi'::!lejt!ielil1:i~:i,1:iBI~::••·::··•·••:·· :!~~:t t:m:~~e:~:at~i~ !4.nnouncement at the UN. These employ­ . .'Stai ~ztt o] tl'{e _'l<.iic1ien·, · ... . : ers chose not to pay their ·'lJie Organization for Lesbian,,

The Board Invokes ments. Clearly students are effected when they are left with dimiinished services and Financial Exigency-­ possibly without an l!Cademic program. What Next? Financial exigency is, then, CUNY's ver­ To the Editor: sion of martial law, where tenure, job secu­ To the Editor: On July 2nd New York Newsday revealed rity and union rights, and a student's right As a pro-lifer of generally conservative that the continued operation of New York to due process are irrelevant. This. is the Mark Goldblatt's letter on the student oc­ political disposition, I find utterly hypo­ City Technical College was in jeopardy law and logic of austerity. cupation of the Graduate Center· ["The critical the pro-choice stance of many self­ "because the city and state budgets ex- Fortunately, AT&T was forced by the Drive of Marxist Zeal", Advocate, Summer professed liberals. The contradictions of eluded $19 million for the college's 42 as- city to refund a tax abatement, for its 550 '91], in which I was castigated as a fanatical this posturing would border on comical sociate degree programs." On July 3rd the Madison headquarters, "because it rented Marxist bully, is almost a textbook case of were its consequences not so tragi£; the adminstration of New York ~ity Tech part of the space to Sony." (NYT 8/13/91) neo-conservative irrationality .. Although slaughter of four thousand innocent babies stated that the budget reduction would (The AT&T tax abatement is an unin­ Goldblatt claims to be a supporter of af­ daily. In many ,rhetorical diatribes liberals bring about the elimination of 31 of 42 tended example of the pro-wealth/anti­ fordable public education, he completely allege to be the champions of the voiceless. academic programs, and the loss of 4,500 community financial policies of Ed Koch sidesteps the issue to denounce the occupi­ the advocates of reason and science over of the 11.000 students. A spokesperson for and David Dinkins- our budget cuts are a ers by playing on a familiar (McCarthyite) religious mysticism, and the proponents of NYCT ~stated to the Advocate that the result of tax cuts to corporations and the theme: ·'No, the current occupation of the egalitarianism. A careful examining of the school would be effectively closed. In the wealthy). In the following weeks various Graduate Center is not a Marxist plot", he reality of abortion reveals the pro-choice days that followed, the CUNY adminsitra- state fiscal officals and even our own assures his readers (phew!) ... However, his rhetoric as masking the very mysticism, tion at 80th St~ admitted that several associ- comptroller Liz Holtzman criticized the entire diatri~ degenerates into supporting slavery, and elitism that liberals claim to ate degree programs at John Jay college city's stop-gap remedy. Meanwhile. the precisely this absurd, conspiratorial thesis. vehemently oppose. The belief that some­ were also threatened. Their press release state Division of Budget tried to indirectly His "argument" is supplemented py the how life begins at birth is more mystical states that 4 "essential associate degree· negate this transfer of funds and again sort of"pop psychology" one might expect than any Catholic Church dogma, devoid programs" would be eliminated. As a con- threaten the community colleges, thus open to hear on the Geraldo show. Goldblatt of biological basis. and solely a product of sequence. 2;000 CUNY students would admissions. by invoking a maintenance of characterizes all of the student occupiers convenience over reasoning. The biologi­ have to.find another school. effort rule. According to New York New- (without substantiating his claims) as cal reality of abortion is the stopping of a The funding for these programs was sday (8/23/91), "To qualify for the state "people of diverse backgrounds heartbeat. Those who claim the woman previously paid for by ·New York State funds, a community college must get as [who] ... unless I am very mistaken, [share] sovereign over her body obviously don't though its officials always insisted that much money from its local sponsor - in a single ideology: each one considers him­ -appreciate the logical conclusions derived New York City must pay the community this case New York City - as it did the self or herself a Marxist." from their sentiments. If a•woman's body college budget as part of its open admis- . previous year."' As we know, the city is Who the hell does this piss-artist think is really her exclusive, personal property sions policy. When the state government unable to match the state's funding. he is, to presume that he can speak on be­ then by implication these proponents refused to make the payment this year, af- If the .results are so disastrous, why half of others? He seems completely would have to advocate the legalization of ter a Spring of loud student protest, they would the Board declare financial exi­ oblivious of the authoritarianism underly­ prostitution upon these same grounds. Af­ effectively forced New York City to either gency? When The Advocate asked this ing this arrogant form of objectification. ter all, if her body is her property this make the payment or take responsibility for question their representatives at 80th St. Goldblatt' S fantastic comparison of the wouJd logically include her right to sell it if the demise of one its institutions and sev- argued that the Board had no choice, that continues on p. 12 she so desired. The my body, my choice eral important academic progr~s. CUNY is the victim of city/state politics. mentality could just as easily be applied to The editors of The Advocate believe We do not agree. First, even if the city did emnloY,ees wnuf,t 1ns,. tllekjabs, ,mc:{ stu- substance-abuse, self-mutiiatfon, and° even I' ,p ...~~ ...., ... ~" .,.,\f J,Jt,4; ...... ,.,.,.-· • that .the -CUN¥ Board of Trustees rein- not pay for the programs at Nrw Yor,Gity dents would lose their education. Y.et, suicide. Slavery is the belief that one per­ forced the state government's reactionary Tech and John Jay, the financial loss given that the Board is not responsible to son may own another as property. The and destructive financial tactics when the should be absorbed by all of the CUNY the citizens of New York City, this collec­ concept that the woman owns the life of the Board voted on August 1 to declare finan- schools. Second, as The New York Times tion of men and women would remain ·in fetus while it resides in her w.omb is noth­ cial exigency at both New York Tech and noted in their 8/13 report, the City and power, and hold their monthly meetings, ing more than geographic slavery, its es­ John Jay. After all, 10 of the 17 trustees Board knew about this particular financial unperturbed by the pained cries of the con­ sence indistinct from slavery upon racial or were appointed by our not-so liberal and threat last year. Why did the the Board and stituency they unfortunately.govern. I religious grounds. Moreover, the absurd anti-education governor, Mario Cuomo. their chancellor, W ~ Ann Reynolds, leave contention that the right to life t:xtends only Never mind the political implications, this matter simmering until the last minute Andrew Long, Tara McGann, Michael to those who have successfully managed to the declaration of financial exigency sends when financial exigency was the only re­ Waldron escape from the womb is the most irra­ a very real chill down the spines of all course? Are we to believe that these people tional elitist doctrine ever conceived. In CUNY employees, whether clerical aides, are politically helpless administrators or short, when the political rhetoric is re­ students, or professors. With the declara- are better seen as slahsers for austerity? moved and the reality of abortion scruti­ tion in effect the col)eges concerned must Some argue that the Board's declara­ nized, the pro-choice position stands in di­ submit a plan for retrenchment, that is the tion was good "political hardball", a tacti­ rect opposition to everything liberals pur­ ··orderly" firing of tenured professors and cal gambit, and a masterstroke. If this is port to believe in. unionized staff. The Board and 80th St. indeed the case then we are ruled by a adminstration can make college-wide cuts, committee of malicious cynics, for if re­ Stephen Clare, M.A. program in Political or simply close down seperate depart- trenchment were to take place hundreds of Science.

,,,;;t;;;l~■■iII The Graduate School and University Center ,•~~;it!:; of the City University of New York The Advocate welcomes all Fees are: 33 West 42nd Street fetters and article submis- $50 per quarter page for out-of- New York, New York 10036 Contributors sions. Letters should be brief. house advertisers Student Center 18 Telephone: 212-642-2852 , 7he Advocate wiil withold the $40 per quarter page for in- identity of letter writers if re- Andrew Long, Editor Michael Glassman ,house fee-collecting Thomas Burgess, Associate Editor quested, though all letters advertisers Gillian Harper Tara McGann, Associate Editor Jarrod Hayes must be signeq. Articles All Graduate Center student Michael Waldron,Associate Editor Anthony Marcus Pamela Donovan, Contributing Editor should be single spaced, no groups, and offices which pro­ George McClintock III Ron Hayduk, Contributi!l-g Editor longer than 2500 words, and vide free services to students Jonathan Lang, Contributing Editor Kelley McFarland submitted on both paper and may place a q4arter page adver- .• Thomas Smith, ContributingEditor Susan Newman computer disk if possible. The tisement, notice, or announce­ Vincent Tirelli, Contributing Editor Michael Yomi editors reserve the right to ref- ment free of charge in each is­ use and edit all submissions. sue of The Advocate. The opinions expressed in The Graduate Student Advocate are those of the individual contributors and in no way reflect the opinions of the Doctoral Students' Council, its officials or its representatives. September 1991 · Page 5

In the early morning hours before dawn on Monday April 1969, enabling thousands of Black and Latino students to ~. 1991 a group of about 35 students at the City College of enter the then mostly white CUNY system; occupations

New York (CCNY) prepared a surprise for the roughly had touched off the CUNY wide rebellion of 1989 that I 60,000 students, faculty and staff who were returning from brought 20,000 students into the streets in an all-day 6 1 spring recess. They silently went through ttie New Aca­ mile march that disrupted business as usual all over down­ demic Complex (NAC) building. a huge mall like struc­ town and midtown Manhattan, and helped win a with­ ture that houses over 80% ofCCNY's classes, put glue in drawal of tuition hikes and put the brakes on $18 million locks, chained doors shut, seized offices, telephones, and • Anthony Marcus • dollars of proposed budget cuts. It is unlikely that anyone other communications equipment, blocked off the under­ expected that level of support this year, with the low level ground entry tunnels that were shown in the building blue­ every level of the public education system. Between of struggle, hone, and consciousness present, but our edu­ I '~ prints they had obtained, called up the local Pacifica radio higher priced tuition and a move towards new entrance cation was being stolen out from under us and something I: station WBAI and declared the university liberated. For requirements that project eventually only 20% of New had to be done. most of the students who arrived that Monday morning a York high school graduates being eligible for admission to CCNY was the first school occupied. This was also I 1' campus occupation was no surprise, virtually everyone CUNY. vast numberS'of working class New Yorkers will the case for the occupations of 1969, 1975, 1978.)989, knew it would happen, the question was when. be permanently shut out of higher education. and 1990. CCNY, is located in the predominantly African­ I Every year for the past three years the governor's With changes like these in the works since February American and Latino neighborhood of Harlem and has I proposed budget has called for more and more drastic cuts many activists on campuses around the city spent the win­ always been able to count on heavy support for its I to the City University of New York (CUNY). Every year ter and spring feverishly trying to build a fightback to save struggles from community activists, merchants. local

I there have been attempts to raise the tuition and roll back our university. Letter writing campaigns were initiated. churches. and neighborhood residents. It is a neigh­ I, the opeQ admissions policy that guaranteed every New teach-ins were held, lobbying trips made, culminating in a borhood school with many radical students organized into I, York City high school graduate the right to attend college. notonous melay at the state capital on March 19th in radical campus clubs and ethnic societies with strong so­ Every year there has been a struggle that started with lot>­ which Black and Latino student caucuses rioted in re­ cial bases in the community. Once an occupation has I bying and demonstrations and ended with rebellion and sponse to the governor's silence. Furniture was smashed, started at CCNY, students on other campuses know that I campus occupation. In jest, people refer to this tradition as the governor's offices were overrun, and students squared they can count on hel}:) and protection in their attempts to the CUNY rites of spring. off against riot police after using desks as battering rams to seize their own campuses. ' This year the proposed cuts were qualitatively more attempt entry into the governor's private ~ffice. This year was no exception. With a leadership that brutal than ever before: $92 million in.cuts (over 10% of For most of the 250,000 CUNY stuqents, however, a w•as predominantly Af1ican-American and Latino, the the operating budget); a $500 tuition hike which was to be kind of paralysing desperation set in. With budget cuts, occupation of CCNY drew on the support of a wide variety added to the $200· tuition hike that had been summarily layoffs, givebacks, and all the other forms of austerity of political and social groups such as the Dominican imposed between semesters, coupled with a $400 reduc­ being imposed at every level, there was a fee<'ing that little Communist party. the Black Consciousness Movement. tion in state aid, affecting approximately 50,000 students, could be done to save CUNY. With the university being the Young Communist League, the Puerto Rican Indepen­ mostly people of color; the elimination of virtually all state rapidly dismantled, most students were more worried dence movement. the Ecuadorian Student's club, and scholarships; and an end to open admissions. about finishing up than fighting. Between the defeats _of many other ethnic and political organizations from New For many of the 250,000 students who attend classes the previous three years and the fact that a 2 year wait is York City and other p~s of Latin America. at the 21 CUNY campuses, a CUNY education is-their often necessary to take courses required to graduate, most This A:pril, when students showed up to find the NAC building closed. a sound system blasting Reggae 'j I only ticket out of dead end minimum wage jobs.·Many of students felt pretty beaten down and helpless. It was in this music I the students are recent immigrants, over half have family climate of desperation where CUNY wide rallies were onto campus, and occupying students peering out between I incomes below $20,000 a year, quite a few are homeless, drawing fewer than 100 people that activists decided to gaps in newspaper covered windows, there seemed to be I and a large majority are people of color who have had edu­ take buildings. heavy support for the efforts of those inside the buildings. I cational opportunities systematically denied to them at Campus occupations had won open admissions in continues on page 7 I 1- 0 - - :,,...,,.------~~------.______J_u~s~t arcc:nr:'!,oess ◄f~roc.m,flfffE~~he~=~~:~:~::~:St. = · •-, ·- • ......

I _ Specials·

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Page6 September 1991 ergy, human talent here. I especially like coming back to in graduate school and they were going 1o leave. We sat ence is that if you go for change that is radical and "revolu­ CUNY. which represents what a public university can down and asked each other "What kind of department tionary" it very often does not last. But if you go for mean to a city. should we make?" It was an incomparable opportunity. I change that evolves and brings along as many people as don't know any other person who had such an experience possible; then what you create lasts longer. And I will give A: You just alluded to your husband. I know that he is an at a very young age. I became a chairman which I re- you an example. The Developmental Psychology depart­ academic as well. He will be teaching at Hunter? mained for 10 years. I recruited colleagues for one of the ment [at K.U.] is a non traditional Ph.D. program,.and ten H: He is a professor of English. And he is also a writer most unusual and interesting and non-traditional depart- years after I was chairman of the department the whole and an artist. He is very creative. ments in the country. Then l was asked to go on into the spirit of the department is still there. What we created

••••.-l!l!lll!l!ll!!ilil•!liiili••l!■.l!l!! .... _..• ..··•····•.-•.•· ...... ·•··•·•· ... ··'·•·k·•··,.,•.,····•· ••·•·· ·••·•··•"···••·•·•·.• .....11 ., iiiiiljiiii.. iiiii·iiiii·.·••· together did not require my official pres-

on early infant behaviour and development, ·•· .... ·:,: '"" "'' CUNY Graduate School you actually are perception. cognition, but then I have also had an interest invested with a great deal of authority. Specifically with in the theory of development. .I hope to continue in this regard to the appointment of executive officers, do you see area. that as a comfortable situation, to have that kind of author­ ity? Do you see the possibility for change whereby faculty A: Do you foresee affiliations with our developmental and students elect an executive officer? [Currently the psychology program? My experience with Harold Pros­ President appoints Executive Officers.] hansky is that he needed tQ be in the class room. This job H: Well, I don't know the situatfon, I don't know the [the presidency] can be so burdensome. But I think presi­ dynamics. You can have ~uthority and then the question is dents of the Graduate school keep a certain fresh outlook how you exercise that authority. You may have the author­ when they continue to teach. And you also probably have ity to appoint. Do you exercise that authority independant an active interest in doing further research work. of any information or do you exercise this authority with H: Well, unti_l_ coming here I have always taught. I've an intelligent partner? taught developmental theory for the last 6 or 7 years. What I am going to be able to do here, I don't know. For A: The reason I ask is because we asked Chancellor Rey­ the first semester I won't do any teaching. But I hope nolds the same question. It [the election ofEOs] requires a people will invite me as a guest lecturer. I love to teach. revision of the Graduate Center bylaws. And given the And there is a little trepidation associated with this job, but College Deans office for three years. I did not care fo.r that way power works, and I am sure you have a feel for it, the you don't get away from the f~ct that if you do that, then because as an associate Dean you can't assert any leader­ time for change would be with a change of leadership. you lose touch. ship. So, I was going to leave when by chance the position Some departments, perhaps, would trust a more demo­ of Vice-Chancellor for Research and Graduate. Studies' cratic procedure, others would be afraid. I think partly this A: How and why did you become an academic administra­ became open and I was asked to fill it. desire to go outside CUNY for Executive Officers was tor? also a desire to bring in new central appointments. What H: Well, this is a typical feminine answer. It was by acci­ A: I have heard a number of good things about you from you have at the Graduate Center is a borrowed faculty. If dent. But it really was by accident. We went to Kansas people on the search committee. Do you have a special you bring in new central appointments that means that' [University]. There was a nepotism rule there. My hus­ style of working with people? You mentioned that Associ- there are less classes to teach for those people who are re­ band had a job and I went along and someone gave me a ate Deans don't get to assert their leadership. What style leased from the CUNY colleges [the doctoral faculty]. grant for a research center and I also got a post-doctoral of lead~f~1!iP. ::::::::;:: :\:){t:tl/(\~:?::=::•:_\'..}t:t; ,;.··--_::=:::::::::\/:-:··-= Ann Reynolds explained that the increase was necessary to August, however, money was restored to the two schools Trustee Robert Picken commented in the course of the bring the university through the next year, and that the from monies which were available when AT&T lost,their meeting how during the Reagan years the cost for public administration will be searching for ways to "create more New York City tax abatement. services were pushed onto the users; he added, " economies for the University that will render this a leaner At the meeting college Presidents spoke of how the [CUNY' s] mission cannnot be achieved if the costs of the but very effective University."• system are to be borne by those we seek to educate." budget cuts have devastated... their c~puses over the past September 1991 'ffi''k Graduate c?£~·h Page7 \U..J)t Student ~" .vOCtlU

afternoon for an hour and a half arguments were heard at large public meetings (200-400 at possibly the smallest school in the system) culminating in a vote. In spite of many students' attacks on the occupation and administra­ :£:.: __ "_ tion attempts to organize an opposition and pack the meet­ :;T~~~;;w~·\9,,-,,_ ings each vote was won by large majorities. As the opposi­ Nearly 1000 students spent the day sitting in front of the CCNY. where people became discouraged and had no tion became more vocal. attempted a violent entry into the NAC building in support of occupiers. Other students sense that any part of the battle was winnable. Many building which was easily repelled, carried more votes at helped take other· buildings; the faculty, students, and people observed that these tuition hikes would go through the plebiscite, and seemed to be right that nothing was Dean of Architecture seized their building; and the college no matter what and that this would probably be the last moving forward by occupation, the strike committee. president, Beman! Harleston, declared CCNY officially time in their lives that they could attend college, and now which had swelled from only 14 to over 60, with more than closed. even this semester was being denied to them. In spite of a a hundred people passing through it during the strike, de­ As students all over the CUNY system started seizing moderately successful demonstration, in which about cided to neg?tiate with the administration, before they lost buildings on their campuses, it became clear that this was a 5,000 students marched for three hours in lower Manhat­ control of the moment. A pledge of no disciplinary action movement that people were generally in sympathy wlth, in tan, the occupations were degenerating into a few (som­ was won from the administration as well as an office with spite of the few anti-occupation students who were being etimes less than 10 to a campus) hardcore occupationists supplies for the continuation of the struggle, a statement interviewed by the media and paraded around by the and the people who were bringing them supplies, trying to against the cuts. an agreement to negotiate several local Chancellor's office. The question lingered, however, what shame the state into giving back $92 million, by holding issues. and a commitment to aid students in their fight was to do next. The many students who milled about outside of aging real estate. also wrested from our administration. occupied buildings on the first day of an occupation had At the Borough of Manhattan Community College Strikers walked out of the building only twenty-four little idea of what they could do to support those inside the (BMCC) a vocationally oriented commuter school of hours after having been given a large vote of support. The buildings. The studen·ts inside of buildings were not sure i7 ,000 students located in the New York City financial fact that the occupation began with a rag tag group of how they could use the support of those outside, and the district, a two week occupation ended in a horrendous maybe 14 and ended with a strong and w~ll organized question everyone ·inside and out was asking was where do defeat and raised many questions that student activists will group in place left activists feeling that they had won a we go from here; how do we win this? have to deal with next time. A school located in an area small tactical victory on their campus. J

Before any discuss.ion could be generated, any an- where no students live makes gaining outreach and student Putting aside, for a moment. the disaster at BMCC. ,J swers could be reached, or any programs for mobilization support difficult. When students seized the campus a sign the mere existence of 'confrontations, of this sort with .,,. implemented they found themselves smack up against a was put up by the 'administration proclaiming BMCC small groups of counterdemonstrators. in a struggle in ; force they had never had to deal with in previous years. closed and encouraging students to go home. The fact that which virtually everyone supports the goals of the strikers This force was the administration of the new Austerity students allowed this sign to remain with not!_ling to and most people initially seemed sympathetic to the tactic Chancellor Ann Reynolds. An outsider who had been contradict it seems like a definite tactical error, but it is of occupation, shows the degree to which a militant core of brought in by the state to gut CUNY. the way she had pre- unclear what these students could have done to gamer sup­ activists is not enough in the hostile environment of viously gutted the University of California system, Rey- port, even if the sign had encouraged students to stay. today's assault on our social wage by the capitalist class nolds is a scabherder who specializes in administering the The problem of support and outreach was so serious at and their brutal state lackeys. theft of working class people's right to an education. In BMCC that CCNY and CUNY coalition forces had to As the economic crisis has gotten worse in the last 15 1989, when students had rebelled against the budg~t. the organize rallies and send them down to BMCC, because years it has becom<, harder and harder to win even small chancellor of CUNY was Joseph Murphy, a man who has the students there had been unable to mount any campus victories. Such commonplace rights as a free education. always been portrayed as a soft hearted social democrat, a based rallies. In an heroic show of solidarity between stu­ which existed for over 130 years in New York City are friend of the students, and an ethnic New Yorker who dents at schools from different ends of the socio-econqmic now perceived as unrealistic and revolutionary. As the speaks Gaelic and Yiddish and has friends in the African- spectrum, the very radical and activist Barnard/Columbia economy tightens further. even the right to protest will American community. Although Murphy did little to sup- anti-war coalition organized support teams for the BMCC become less safe, in a time when homeless people are --. ---\)Ort-theJstudent~e~r.b.e.,gwed.his.alle.:-.....occJJPa,tioo,.,.BJJ.tJ.1,.Q.w...c>f;.t.b.iJ;,.s~sen · al su herded from place to place and never allowed to re~!- ci\'j ~ giance more to those in the University whom he served, to change the balance of forces at BMC . The occupying pohce are use to re s I cs an cam ~1fd- .. - than to the state officials in Albany who paid his salary. He students were such a small group on campus and had such the Chancellor of this public university wants to cut her did nothing to impede the strikes. In fact the morning of a small social base that they were unfortunately routed out own budget there are no sa:fe places to mount fightbacks from - not even universities. the first occupations of April 1989 he was heard saying by counter demonstrators. ( "this is great, maybe we will get more money for the uni- The administration organized about 200 largely fe­ If working people are going to put the breaks on these versity ." Ann Reynol

Page8 September 1991 Around & About The Center

There is no doubt that CUNY York State Assembly, the primary means of building community at graduate students need a news­ Empowering Cronies Mayor's Office, and with- the· the Graduate School, the DSC has not been paper that consistently reports Graduate Center Administra- particularly generous with the Advocate, both the activities and the opin- by George McClintock III tion." The DSC budget includes whose operating expenses exceed the DSC ions of their essentially diverse a $2,000 travel fund for these ac­ allotment by as much as 40%. Without community, as well as investigates and ral in grievance matters." The co-chair for tivities. The co-chairs preside over the advertising revenues, the 16-page Advo­ exposes incidents of atademic and/or bu-· Business Affairs is responsible for budget steering committee, whose six members cate would count as few as 8 pages. After reaucratic abuse at the Graduate School. allocations and works with the Business each rece~ve a yearly stipend of $840 for three semesters of publication and the in­ As it happens in bureaucracies, CUNY Office. The co-chair for Student Affairs attending weekly meetings. DSC represen­ stallation of a new editorial staff, the DSC graduate students sometimes "fall (or are acts as the DSC liaison officer with the tatives, - whether dr not they attend the finally gave the newspaper the funds nec­ pushed) through the cracks .. , A~d like administration. The co-chair for Commu­ monthly general assef!ibly, are not com­ essary to purchase a computer sophisti­ their counterparts all over the country, nications sits on the Media Board. The pensated for-their service. DS~ officials, cated enough for desktop publishing. Why CUNY graduate students also need a forum three DSC co-chairs are each paid $5,000 whether or not they keep their offic;e hours the delay? As an institution, the DSC suf­ where they may publish that first article or to act as ombudspersons, and are expected and hold their committee meetings, receive fers from recurrent lethargy. Although book review. to keep 10-20 office hours per week. In their stipends. every program must elect a DSC represen­ Dream on. During the Spring 1991 years past, the DSC paid the $5,000 sti­ Third, it is not the DSC's responsibil­ tative in order to secure its allotment for occupation, The Graduate Student Advo­ pends directly from· the DSC budget, thus ity to provide "legal counsel for sexual har­ parties, most representatives do not attend cate, whose editors participated in the 10- violating the $2,200 limit mandated by the assment cases." The Offices of Academic the general assembly. Power ends up in the day political melodrama, failed to report Board of Trustees for student government and Student Affairs, as well as the hands of the few, who tend to favor their events with objectivity, and censured the officials. According to the 1990-1991 President's Office, are the places to go with friends. After struggling without equip­ opinions of students who were opposed to budget, "Co-chairs' stipends have been charges of ·abuse. If administrators are ment, the Advocate finally earned the favor the takeover. When a publication of dis­ reduced by $2,800 in order to conform with unable or unwilling to help students in of DSC officials, thus the editors felt senting views was produced, the editors Board policy . ., Nevertheless, the Graduate. need, the Advocate should be willing to obliged to repay their publisher in kind. refused to pay production costs and denied School administration assured the DSC offer aid in the form of exposure. Nothing If it were simply a tale of mutual DSC its inclusion in ihe Advocate. Instead, the that "future co-chairs will be compensated like bad publicity to encourage people in asskissing, there would be no reason to newspaper, ever a stalwart voice against the additional amount through the univer­ power to behave responsibly. take an interest in the affair. Although a Education Governor Cuomo' s tuition hikes sity." According to the Student Handbook, Why did the Advocate advocate a hike close reading of past DSC annual state­ and the CUNY administration's real or DSC officials also serve as "lobbyists -Cor in the student activity fee? No doubt be­ ments reveals the DSC's historical ten­ imagined rightwing affiliations, published graduate student interests at the Board of cause the editors owed DSC officials a fa­ dency to favor the chartered student or- an editorial supporting an increase of the Trustees, University Student Senate, New vor. Although the student newspaper is the continues on p. 10 student activity fee-$8.35 per student per semester paid to its publisher, the Doctoral In "Empowering Cro­ used her turn at the mike Students' Council. Apparently the DSC nies," George McClin­ to speak stridently about budget of $60,000, a sum that the editorial tock III opposes an in­ lesbian issues and of a neglected to report, is not enough: crease in the student •liberated Graduate ''The poor quality of student life at the activities fee for sev­ School.• Linkage of issues Graduate School is in large part due to the eral reasons. I first wish can be a great way to get insufficient funds at the DSC' s disposal. to address and examine the most bang out ofyour The student government.simply..cannoi-af­ -one 01'--his daims. Mr.~~------protest buc"k. ••• ", (E.--,an· ford more community building activities, McClintock asserts: sometimes funded by conservative founda­ Stark," Amateur Hour"). much less other important services such as. "Students must pay the DSC tax tions and press agendas including demands As if lesbian strikers/linkers could say, legal counsel for sexual harassment whether or not they know about the NYPL like the defunding of black student organi­ separate their struggle against homophobia c_ases, or a much needed student ombud­ discount or the travel fund for conferences, zations due to such organizations' "inher­ and their struggle for educational rights. sperson program." whether or izot they belong to a chartered ent racism." This particular trend, as I see As if activists must separate 'their "causes" Although the Advocate has yet to con­ student organization, whether or not they it, must be seen as a part of a current dis­ into clear and distinct categories that in no duct a poll <;oncerning the quality of stu­ attend DSC parties. [. .. ] In contrast, the course of "PC bashing," in which the right, way overlap. This is an example of the tra: crying that the freedom of speech of right­ ditional tactic of divide and conquer. dent life at the Graduate School, even if we combined membership of the DSC char­ I assume that the editors' debatable diagno­ tered student organizations represents only wingers is being trampled upon, uses leftist "In fact, double sta11dards abounded. sis is•correct, their cure for our malady is ·about 10% of the student population.[ ... ] discourse ag~st the left to claim, for ex­ Certain groups and individuals were al­ I not well taken. First, the DSC already There is also no reason why students ample, that fags and dykes control the uni­ lowed to enter tlie building. [. .. ] The Or­ spends almost $50,000 on "community should support a fee increase for the sake verse, while straight, white boys are now ganization for. Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual building activities." Based on the 1990- of a tiny coterie on the DSC." completely powerless, overwhelmed by Concerns [OGLBC] (sic) was also permit­ 1991 budget, the DSC allots: $9,500 to the This somewhat subtle attack on the minority demands. ted to hold a teach-in in the auditorium. Advocate; $2 per student per semester to Graduate Center's student organizations In ETCETERAS, the predecessor to Tht; topic was the role ofgays and lesbians each program, or $150 to programs of.lim­ merits some attention. A partial listing of •·•Empowering Cronies," I have located in radical struggles" (Benita Mehta, JI ited enrollment, totaling $11,000 for collo­ student organizations reveals what is at three passages, which, if not homophobic "Rhetoric· and Reality''). ,J quia and parties; $250 per semester to each stake in Mr. McClintock's criticism: Inter­ in themselves, reveal a similar panic in the In fact, the Organization for Lesbian, student organization properly chartered national Students-Organization, Organiz11- face of potential empowerment of queers: Gay, and Bisexual Concerns dido 't sponsor and approved, totaling $6,000 for confer­ tion for Lesbian, Gay; and Bisexual Con­ "A yellow poster on the wall next to the teach-in Ms. Mehta mentions. Vincent ences, newsletters and parties; $3,300 for cerns, Feminist Students Organization, the entrance made me see red (no pun in­ Tirelli has already pointed out a similar DSC parties; $2,500•for' "cultural affairs"; Black" Students Alliance, Democratic So­ tended.) 'Come· to the liberated Graduate mistake by Ms. Mehta in regard to the $2,500 for a discount al the photocopy cialists, Cultural Studies, Coalicion de Es­ Center!' it proclaimed. The occasion was a PTU. The teach-in was sponsored by the service in the New ¥ ork Public Library; tudiantes Latinqs y- Latino-Americanos, seminar on gays and lesbians in RADICAL strike committee. What the mistake as­ $5,000 for student travel and research ex­ Korean Students Assooiation, Students for STRUGGLES. The perversion was obvi­ sumes is that strikers fighting for educa­ penses, or $200 or less per applicant The Educational Rights. In short, many student ous! I do not mean their sexual orientation. tional rights are straight. Anyone interested DSC also has an elections fund of $1,110 organizations serve to empower tradition­ This was none-of my business! Andi do not in queer issues could only be the Other. and a capital expenditures fund of $2,000. ally disempowered and oppressed com(J'lu­ mean their decision to let themselves in.­ The article also assumes that such· a teach­ Other budget allotments total $5,950. nities and to strengthen community bonds. while keeping the rest of us out. Swinish in excludes, that it would only interest $0.85 per student is allotted to the Univer­ Some promote _progressive activism and behavior is not unconstitutional. It was queers, be_ of no interest to straights. sity Student Senate. At the start of aca­ non-traditional fields of study. their PERVERSE SENSE OF FREEDOM Given the context of the original distri­ demic year 1990-1991, the DSC had an "Empowering Cronies" was originally that shocked me ... " (Roman Gitlin, 'The bution of "Empowering Cronies" and off-budget Certificate of Deposit, worth distributed under the banner ETCET­ Cause and Champions''). ETCETERAS' s participation in the homo­ $20,000. ERAS, the title of an independent newspa­ What is swinish behavior? Why does phobic discourse of PC bashing, graduate Second, the DSC afready provides for per Mr. McClintock published after the Mr. Gitlin claim that he's not. labeling students should be wary of reactionary at­ a- "student ombudsperson program," with student strike, a newspaper containing, for homosex as perverse when it is so obvious tempts to manipulate populist and leftist an allotment of $11,640. This program is the most part, articles against the strike. that homosexuality is the locus out of rhetoric to foment panic and to divide and called the DSC executive and steering Mr. McClintock's comments, I fear, must which Gitlin's notion of the perverse destroy communities such as our own for committees. In principle, according to the be analysed in the coritext of a growing arises. exclusive and malicious ends. Student Handbook, "The DSC Co-Chairs trend on American campuses. Recently, "Many people at the the (sic) occupa­ serve as ombudspersons for students, pro­ numerous independent, right-wing news­ tion used the the daily speechmaking to Jarrod Hayes is a doctoral student in viding information and assistance as re­ p_apers have sprung up on campuses around trumpet their particular causes. For ex­ French Literature and a queer participant quested. This includes.. guidance and refer- the country. These student papers are ample, one woman, presumably lesbian, in the '91 CUNY student strike. - September 1991 Page9

) World

he small African nati6n of Cameroon, known all over : T the world for its famous football (soccer) players and its brilliant performance in the last World Cup, was the j scene of violence and bloodshed. this summer when the troops of dictator Pat!l Biya opened fire on peaceful dem­ onstrators in the cities of Sangmelima, Yaounde, Douala, and Bamenda. This was just one in of a series-of human rights violations that have plagued the nation for over the past hundred years. By the end of the 19th century Cameroon was easy ence, perhaps the most startling one, that will capture the Ahidjo appointed Paul Biya President of the Republic.just prey for colonialism and the human rights situation wors- attention of future historians, psychologists and political as the French had appointed him 25 years before. The ened with the German occupation at the tum of the cen- scientists, is the national anthem created for the newborn gangsters in suits and ties continued to rule the country, tury. The Germans hanged popular leaders who were op- nation by the French as,a "freedom" gift. A tentative Eng- but this time they not only repressed the people but turned posed to the occupation, such as King Douala Manga Bell lish translation of the first stanza goes like this: against each other as well. Again, thousands of people lost and activist Martin Paul Samba. The Germans also insti- 0 Cameroon thou cradle of our Fathers, their lives. The gangsters were now split into two groups: luted a system of forced labor without pay known in the You once were [a] barbaric [people J the Abidjo crime family and the Biya crime family. Ahidjo local language as Njock. One need not be a linguist to see But slowly you are stepping out ofyour savageness. fled the country with some of his followers and died in that the English translation of this word is slavery. The An "independent" nation had millions of its citizens sing exile in 1989 - his body was not even allowed back Germans raided villages, capturing healthy strong men such a shameful national anthem for more than a decade. home. ~; and deporting them to concentration camps where they The French must have choked away a thousand laughs as Paul Biya, now a powerful gang leader, put into prac­ .;,,.:-.... '\,' worked until they died of exhaustion, starvation, or bullets they listened to these "niggers" exercise their newly ac- tice the lessons he had learned from his master Ahidjo: he when they tried to escape. But before you curse the Ger- quired freedom. Cameroon's leaders cherish the years of set tribe against tribe, Christian against Muslim and North man colonial system, bear in mind that almost at the same slavery so much they have maintained the insulting an- against South. While doing this he embezzled millions of i ! period, this system of forced labor was practiced by the them up to this day. although the first stanza was removed dollars and bought castles in Europe. according to Le I French in the Congo and-the Oubangui (now the Central as a result of pressure from a few brave intellectuals. Canard Enchaine, a French newspaper. Biya told his I African Republic). How many people died as a result of Before the French left Cameroon, they made a "shep- -people that his government was the symbol of a new era; ~ this slavery- one hundred thousand? Half a million? We herd from the mountains," Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of well, perhaps it wasn't such a lie: perhaps he ushered in a will never have an accurate estimate. the Republic, ensuring their continued control over the new era of repression and looting. He not only refused to During World War I the Germans tried desperately to country. For the 25 years under Ahidjo, Cameroon had one free political prisoners, he added new ones every day. He keep their grip on Cameroon, though in 1917 they were of the most violent regimes in Africa. Ahidjo created a never opened an investigation of past abuses and assassi­ finally defeated by French and British troops, and fled to powerful and omnipresent secret police force called Dir- nations, as this would have meant becoming his own neighboring Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon then became doc, which backed by the army, repressed, killed and tor- prosecutor. He never investigated the massa~re of hun­ one of the few countries in history to be jointly colonized tured the population and turned Cameroon into a country dreds of people in the village of Ndolle,'in 1979. The mere by two foreign powers, which explains why English and where everybody was scared of everybody. Political oppo- mention of multi-party democracy made him nervous; but French are today the two languages of communication and nents and popular leaders like Felix Moumie, Ruben Um the winds of change that rocked Eastern Europe did not education in the country. Nyobe, Ossende Afana, Nya Thaddee, Nvondo N'Lom, spare Africa. When Biya pul1ed his head out of the sand, The French and British occupation marked the begin- Ernest Oundie, Takala Celestin, Wambo nicknamed Le he saw an unemployed, hungry and angry people and ning of a new era of violence against the people of Courant, and many others were assassinated, some after wondered what had happened to their legendary docility. Camer.ooo•, eo~~o.Y,,a,...O.,t;Jb.e ., wict~I,x .publicized kangm;po .couns. JJntil the. l 970's.LY.O~ _~n No~~mber }990. Bi~a had no other choice but ~o bow to. Bamun Empire, were deported or killed. When it became couldn't even go from one part of tfie countfy to anomef ffii! pffli'cipl'e"of thaltf'plt!'parr,--sysrenr,-whicll'"was-written- - apparent that the Cameroon people did not want the new without a pass, just as under Apartheid South Africa. in the constitution for 30 years but never put in practice. colonists, any more than they had wanted the Germans, the The English speaking minority were humiliated and But Paul Biya continued to nourish the hope that he French systematically repressed the population, without a tr~ted like second-class citizens, and forced to assimilate could somehow pervert the democratic -process as a few single word of protest from the international community. to a French culture. Certain tribes, like the Bassa and the African countries have done so successfully: for example, by allowing the creation of twenty to thirty political parties ( for a population less than that of New York city, he hoped

''J~~-(-'hwl ,\" H ·, that the resulting anarchy would justify the continuation of IS:,•..,., ,,- the dictatorial regime, or intervention of the army. As c•:• ·~ ..::-::s' ,· ...... , ,,/---..._ smart as this strategy might be, it would, if carried out. disregard that the Careroonian people want, will struggle N:T~ for, and die for, as recent events show, a National confer­ ··, ence that will draft a new constitution and spell out the \ terms of a transition towards nationally and internationally supervised elections with ,a reasonable num~r of parties. J Like the racist minority in South Africa, Paul Biya wants a new order under his own terms; that is why in a moment of panic and fear of losing control, he unleashed his mad IC/ dogs and their bullets on peaceful marchers in recent ·.\.'- weeks. ,,"\ Bu But lhe true surprise is not that Paul Biya killed peace­ ful marchers: as this article shows, political killings and massacres are part of the history of Cameroon. The silence of the international media comes as no surprise either: throughout their sufferings, the Cameroonian people have rarely been mentioned in the international media. because being from ,the extreme right, Ahi

ganizations ill which DSC erendum in which· the ma- officials and representatives jority of students actually actively participate, there is vote, t.lte editors are de- also no reason to rake DSC manding for the DSC the muck. There's probably a right to impose on the stu- good reason for every DSC dents of the Graduate cancelled check. What is School the very same hypo- significant about the Advocate's editorial supporting the critical procedures that they attribute to the Board. When fee increase is the editors' ignorance of the facts, and the the Advocate a_dvocates an increased student activity fee -On July 30. in his "Reform & Renaissance·• speech Mayor political implications of their distortions. Here's their as "our means of empowerment," the editors are really Dinkins announced an open invitation for New Yorkers to version: only speaking fo~ themselves and their cronies on the come and present their ideas on government reform and At the Graduate School we are unable to raise the fee $1 Doctoral Students' Council. Their editorial, "For a Demo­ money saving tactics. Seizing the opportunity. we. Kelley (which would garner approximately $14,000), or to a level cratic CUNY Now!," is pure propaganda. McFarland and Gillian Harper of SER, went to pre~ent the commensurate with the other CUNY institutions, due to No one denies the editors of the Advocate their inal­ mayor with a "long-term solution" to all of New York's Board ofTrustees regulations which stipulate that 60% of ienable right to editorialize as they see fit. As individuals problems-FREE AND ACCESSABLE EDUCA TI0N. the enrolled student population must vote in a required they also have the right to run the risks and reap the re­ This was not the type of solution that Mayor David Dink­ referendum. The DSC is currently unable to afford such a ward~ of political action. Nonetheless, they do not have ins was hoping to hear. Our government only wants to referendum which would cost approximately $1500. the right to monopolize public discourse at the Graduate deal with short-term solutions. In fact, it was doubtful Given that DSC co-chairs and steering committee School, especially when the forum is paid for by the pub­ that Mr. Dinkins had his ears tuned to any solutions on members are -paid more than $20,000, if the Advocate lie. And for good reason. When objective reporting and \'londay, August 5. As one might expect, this "open fo­ truly believes the DSC cannot afford $1,500 for a referen- editorial good faith are abandoned, cronyism reigns. rum" with Dinkins was a large photo-op. dum, the newspaper owes its readers an investigation. It'appears that the students who occupied the Gradu- We arrived at the doors of City Hall at 6:00 am and While it is true that all CUNY student governments ate School this past spring have learned some valuable took our place, 8th in line. From six until the mayor's ap­ are mandated by and subject to the regulations of the lessons about DSC proc~dures. They have formed a new pearance at 9:00 am. our time was filled by comparing Board of Trustees, the alleged stipulation that "60% of the student organization, the Students for Educational Rights notes with others in line and doing various press inter­ enrolled student population must vote in a required refer- [SER], recently chartered by the DSC. Encouraged by the views (1010 Wins. 97 FM.New York Times, The Meridian endum" is, if true, one not observ~d by the Board. In an low voter turnout in DSC elections, the occupiers and their [Lehman Paper] ·and more). Following the 3 hour wait in attempt to appear sensitive to the needs of CUNY students, supporters-now known as SER-managed to elect line, we went inside City Hall to speak to people from the the Trustees approve virtually any fee increase proposed enough representatives to assure a majority on the DSC Board of Education. They were, "interested in our ideas, by student govemments. The editors report that "at executive and steering committees, ·as well as on the Me­ but this was not what the mayor wants to hear. He wants to CCNY, the [student activity] fee is $15.35." In fact, the dia Board. The DSC conference room, where all the DSC save money." We were then shuffled into the comer to fee paid by graduate students at City College was in- files are kept, is now the SER office. As a member of SER wait to speak to someone from the Board of Higher Educa­ creased to $24.35 in Fall 1990. In a referendum in which said with glee after the DSC election results were posted, tion but they could not be found. ·Is CUNY a _high priority 1.3'% of the total student population voted, the majority, 17 "We control the student government!" And the student in the City? After another hour of waiting, the people of students, voted for an increase that some 2,350 City Col- government controls $60,000, or $8.35 paid every semes­ I the Board of Education decided to recommend that we see lege graduate students must pay. and the Board of Trus- ter by every graduate student. Students must pay the DSC the mayor, not knowing what to do with us. We were then tees, against the better judgement of the college president, tax whether or not they know about the NYPL discount or ~ I escorted into the next wajting room where we stayed, until approved the fee hike! At Queensborough Community the travel fund for conferences, whether or not they belong 2:30. At 3:00 we were asked to come downstairs to wait College, the Board approved a $4 increase, again without to a chartered student organization, whether or not they once again and do yet another interview. Finally, we shook the support of the college president, with only 2.3% of the attend DSC parties. • ha11ds with the Mayor in his office at 3: 15pm. With an eye students voting. At Brooklyn College, the Board ap- The DSC recently voted to increase the Advocate's on the ca'!!era, Ma~or Dinkins i(s~££_ a~ 5}il!i~n J>.eg!ffi~ PJ.QY.~P.!l,.llQ.j.pc,r~e~.

September 1991 Page 11 Arts & Events Urban Nights from Washington Heights

vs. New Orleans Funeral & Ragtime } Be My Baby: How I Survived Mascara, #1 Local Procul 27th&3rdfree! Featuring playwright Larry J Miniskirts, and Madness; or, My Life as 9/26 Procul Harum@Town Hall, 123 Kirwan: Orchestra@Michael's Pub, 211 E55, 7~8- I a Fabulous Ronnette. NY: Crown. W43&6th,840-2824 8pm. "Homburg" every Sunday Drums of Prosp~ct Park 2272. 8:45, $35 food&drink min. Featuring • l $19.95. "Conquistador" "A Salty Dog" "A Whiter @Flatbush &Prospect Park S.free! comic &sometimes dire_!:tor Woody Allen Ronnie Spector frequently appears Shade of Pale." If tix are sold out, try 9/19 The Turn@Kenny's, 157 Bleecker, on clarinet. Why did•you think they called 1 @The Bottom Line, 15 W. 4th &Mercer. School of Fish@Marquee, 547 W21 8pm cheap! FeaturingKarl, 768-7683. him Woody? I nr.W'side Hwy, 249-8870. Carrying on the #6 9/20 Destroy All Monsters! vs. a seishun @Eagle Tavern, 14th St Ron what? Formerly known as Veron- tradition of American garage rock (see The Damned@Ritz, 254 W54(7&8thAv) &8th, 9 free! As opposed to a ceili, this is , ica, "the bad girl of rock & roll," while so- Aisha Khan for details). 541-8900, 9pm $17.50 StillJ"eaturing Rat an Irish jam session. loing in the Ronnettes in '60s hits like #2 Ms. Roberta's Neighborhood Scabies. · #8 Unadvertized Specials@Lone Star. "Walking in the Rain," "Baby· I Love 9/13&14 Aretha Franklin@Radio City, ~- Dr. Demento's 20!h Anniversary 9/11 Bobby Whitlock "Why does Love You," and "The Best Part of Breaking Up." 6th Av. As The Committments implies, @Bottom Line, 15 W4th, 228-6300, 7:30 Got to Be So Bad?" X-Domino fr Clapton Canonized by the 4 Seasons in their 1964 when she was Crowned Queen of Soul in &10:30 (also 9/21)$15. w Bobby "Monster & Leon Russell, w guitarist Jeff Healy. hit "Ronnie! ( .. You Were My 1st Love). '65, Elvis the King might as well have been Mash" :Pickett, Sheb "Purple People 9/14 The Pipefitters w Lou Diamond Resurrected by Brooklyn's own Eddie dead. ' Eater" Wooley, Tiny "Tulips" Tim. Phillips .. ' ' Money in "Take Me H<1me Tonight! (Just 10/11 Ned's Atomic Dustbin@Academy, ~- HR@Wetlands, Hudson St 3 tllks be­ #9 Otis Elevated@Tramps 45 W21(5&6th) .. / Like Ronnie Said .. )." And immortalized 234 W43( ?&8th Av), 9pm, $15.50. You low Canal,-966-4225. X-madman,of Bad 727-77?,8. '),0. ~ ., by Scorcese in an off-screen film perform- can still get your homework done since Brains, the DC band that whipped Black 10/11 Otis Clay the blues singer.

ance. they open for summer wonders Jesus Flag, now inna reggae groove. 10/12 Otis Rush the blues guitarist. 1 Mean Streets opens with a snare drum Jones. ~- Paddy Keenan@Eagle Tavern, 92~- #10 Soundbyte@theaters somewhere. reverberating in a back alley, thundering Garrison Keillor@Lamb's Theater, most 0275, 9 &10:30 $7. The Hendrix oCthe One Hand Clavping w Black Stalin j guitars, and the sound of a thousand tam- Saturdays in October. "News fr. Lake \]illean pipes, thus the only bagpiper to &other worldclass calypso. ,S1acl@::Far bourines and castanets as the camera fol- Woebegone" w. the American Radio Co. play CBGB's. beyond Austin City Limits. Barton Fink lows narrow streets. A voice breaks · featuring 1/2 of Bob&Ray. Look, it costs #7 Monday Night Playoffs All year long. deals w those nasty writing blocks. Lynda 1 through, "The night we met. .. " There is $25 but its next door to West Hall. You can The Eyans Band@Sweet Basil, 88 7th Av "Marlys" Barry's r&r/r&b _!llusical The I now no question that this is New York. ; go there right after the library closes: And &Bleecker 242-1785, 10pm. Gil Evans' Good Times Are Killing Me@Minetta ( The voice is Ronnie Spector's. Scorsese if you sing along, you 'II be live on National arrangements of Hendrix, Miles Davis. Lane Theater, off 6thAv (3rd&Bleecker) uses "Be My Baby" in all its anthemic Public Radio. &Gershwin played by NY jazz luminaries $3CHc, 307-4100. No telling where Prince j power to situate us in the 1963 metropolis., Weekdays WorkOuts! @Lone Star, 240 on their night off. &his new band will show up next. Pushing )

The director's national audience may not' W52, 245-2950. Excellent iocal/locos per­ ~- Les Paul Quartet@Fat Tuesday's, 190 for maturity, they're much less outre but ~ have been familiar with Little Italy, but no· form weekdays 6-8, for free! 3rd&l 7th 533-7902. The inventqr of solid. just as visual. These Minneapolitans began .> voice better evoked the urban populace and #3 Welcome to ·Park Lincoln Housing! body electric guitars & 2-track recording. this leg of their informally economic tour w the changing demographics of youth. @Beacon, 74th &Bway, 8pm. Despite a little arthritis, his jingly-Django "Diamonds&Pearls"@the Intl.Special American youth often perceived the ' 9/24 Little Feat shouldn't try to fill Lowell style still outsmokes most headbangers. Olympics. fl young Veronica Bennett as vocally Black,: George's shoes, but Prairie Leaguer Craig st listically white, and visually Latin or Fuller lets the show go on. perhaps Eurasian. er v1su 1mpress10n ogues 1 u derived partly from her mascara and access progressive and more traditional than even to New York fashions, and more signifi- Sinn Fein. 1 cantly from her Black, White, and Chero- 9/28 Eric Johnson $19.50 Most amazing kee heritage. Often taunted in her Harlem guitarist under 25, w The Tragically Hip. ®V(Jj) @fg(J!J if~ ~@ffel grade school for light skin and straight hair, 10/2 Crowded House w. Richard Th­ her experience _was the inspiration for ompson $22.50+ Tastiest guitarist over 25. ~@ (Jj)©&J ifll@(J!J&J ~ ffel O® f}{Jif~ back-up singer Cher Bono's overdrama- #4 Battle of the 6-String Dinosaurs tized hit, "Halfbreed." However Ronnie fit @Bottom Line, 15 W4th, 228-6300, 8&11 perfectly in the Cuban section of Harlem at Lonnie Mack 9/16 $13.50 Best known for 153rd and Amsterdam. Organizing her sis- his instrumental hit "Memphis" this Tele­ t • ters and cousins, she built the Ronnettes caster virtuoso is equally at home in blues SEPTEMBER EVENTS

centered on performance at the Peppermint & country. j .. Lounge on 45th St., where she attracted the Allan Holdsworth 9/26-27 $15. UFO vet, POTLUCK attention of "the tycoon of teen," Phil 2nd most amazing guitarist between 25-50. Spector. His studio recording style, #5 Local Heroes Friday, Sept. 13, 6 :00 pm dubbed the "Wall of Sound" fittingly cap- every Wed&Sat Black 47@Paddy Reilly's tured the din, the speed, and the intensity of - in Basement Mezzanine urban life. Ronnie's voice captured the Then why do her engagements at the passion that allowed people to live it. Bottom Line sell out? Musical electronics Food, Drink, and Debate Waiting for Ronnie Spector'to perform have advanced sufficiently to reproduce Future mee_ting times to be decided at the Bottom Line, I learned more from her Phil Spector's bag of tricks. But it is the cousin Elaine. She had successfully . live performance that brings both the old subbed as lead vocalist of the Ronnettes for and new material alive. It is Ronnie's pres­ a Dick Clark tour, while Phil Spector's cence and the communication.that she es­ ·OPEN FORUM kept Ronnie busy •with studio recording. tablishes with her audiynce. This was just the beginning of Phil If this is nos~gia what is being in- - Spector' s control, that became total once voked? It is the spirit of youth in the midst Monday, Sept. 23, 6:00 pm they married. The marriage was effec- of great change, the agency of an artist in the Auditorium tively the death knell of the Ronnettes. It against the controrof industry, the transi­ was many years l?efore RonnieJWas able to ~ion o( an urban neighborhood like Wash­ S.E.R. Manifesto to be discussed break away from Phil Spector's power. ington Heights from a maginalized area to Ronnie Spector is seemingly doomed the source of communal strenth that pro­ Manifestos available in the Mall or in SER Office to the shadows of her ex-husband. Per- •vide the support witnessed in last spring's formances, the occasional record, and now 'strike at CCNY. \, her autobiography- her every movemerely As a vocalist on her future husband's S.E.R. OFFICE LOCATED IN brings attention to the reclusive Phil Spec- dazzling productions, Ronnie Spector's tor. Her orig1nal recordings were so heav- brief stardom was eclipsed by Phil. BASEMENT MEZZANINE, BM 003 ily dominated by his innovative production Spector's innovations in the recording of techniques, even her later work seems lack- music. But as a vocalist still carrying the ing if it doesn't reproduce the his Wall of conviction arising from a streetsmart Sound. Washington Heights teenager, Ronnie 642-2695 Spector is one great folk musician. fl Page 12 September 1991

Occupation Paranoia dent life includes having to withstand au­ ment", then "nauseous" at the sight of anx­ votes in support of the occupation. On 15 thoritarian harassment, class prejudice, ra­ ious students defending their educational April, the Doctoral Students Council en­ from page 4 cism, sexism and homophobia from our rights. When a student, at one of our daily dorsed "any actions" we might take in soli­ occupiers to anti-abortionists and Yankee "superiors" in the university hierarchy. In forums, raised the issue of billions of dol­ darity with other CUNY campuses. Some imperialists ("That elevator bank is their my program (art history), the most innova­ lars being spent on George Butch's imperi­ of our opponents stated that, although they Panama"!) is merely a perverse projection tive professors have left or, are in the proc­ alist war in the Persian Gulf, the most opposed the occupation, they would be of his bad fait_h. Throughout this paranoiac. ess of leaving, for Ivy League schools, and Goldblatt had to say about the "ovation" glad to join the march downtown oifWed­ text, Goldblatt resorts to the most tedious, haven't been replaced. I'm pissed off by from the crowd was a sneering, "It was like nesday, 24 April. Needless to say, the reactionary cliches. For example, his no­ the anachronistic academic requirements, a familiar song at a sixties reunion". hypocrites stayed home while the rest of us tion that "the right to an affordable college "weeding-out" procedures and endemic Goldblatt harps on about how the occupa­ marched in the pouring rain. education, has been thoroughly debase.d by anti-intellectualism prevailing there. I'm tion of the building ·was illegal, reifying the Goldblatt, by assuming such a banal, those very people. who ha';'e benefitted annoyed at being exploited as an adjunct whole concept of the Law. Are we meant to reactionary position, aligns himself with from it [i.e., the occupiers]" is a typical lecturer at Hunter at the scandalous rate of blindly follow the letter of the Law when our sclerotic administration, with con­ inversion of the truth, and, by now. a famil­ $130 a fortnight. I've been accruing "In­ our democratic rights are being trampled temptible bureaucrats like Steven Cahn iar neo-conservative refrain-straight out completes" in my classes because I'm fre­ upon? How about the Blacks in South Af­ and Chancellor Reynolds, who would of Commentary, or American Scholar. The quently working three part-time jobs at rica demonstrating against apartheid­ rather kiss Cuomo's ass than support stu­ ·desperate state of public education (for once, with no time or energy left to study. surely they·r~ breaking the Law? In dent rights and public education. Goldblatt f Mark's information) is thanks to a decade I'm sick to death of well-paid Deans and Goldblatt's empty-headed analysis, we frets that his letter may have cost him of Republican administrations (and their administrators who claim to "sympathize" should all be humble servants to "Author­ friends among the student body, and casts "liberal" lackeys) who have favored the with my plight. Last spring, I decided I'd ity", as if authority was. some transcenden­ himself in the role of martyr, sacrificing ruthless privatization of the public sector. had enough of their paternalist sympathy tal, classless thing. himself to expose the gospel truth. Well. As I stated in the Mall at one of our daily and crocodile tears. I joined the occupation I will concede that the occupiers too bad, Mark, but look on the bright side: meetings, raising tuition while simultane­ of the Graduate Center as a gesture, if sym­ weren't entirely "democratic" in their you've earned som~ major brownie points ously cutting aid t9 public schools is a form bolic, of resistance. n:iethods-the initial seizure of the building with the administration. It's thanks to of social control and repression, a way of Aside from my personal reasons for was, after all, a vanguard action, under­ schmucks like you, who profess to support ensuring that historically marginalized joining the occupation, I felt a responsibil­ taken by a rel~tively small group of stu­ affordable public education, while acqui­ ··others" never get a break. ity to defend what remains of public educa­ dents, who were later joined and supported escing (it's my democratic right to "acqui­ In George McClintock Ill's most re­ tion before it's entirely liquidated by the by others. However, once the building was esce", he snivels) to the "powers-that-be". cent folly, Etceteras (his privately-funded corporate elite (people like our trustees, taken, we respected our fellow-students by that the quality and accessibility of public vanity rag), Professor Vincent Crapanzano who voted on August 1 to raise our tuition holding daily meetings at 4.00-,6.30 pm, education is deteriorating rapidly. Get (who I suspect is sympathetic with our in what was supposed to be a "public meet­ where anyone could speak. At each meet­ down off your cross and repent! struggle) does some equivocating, "decon­ ing" at their citadel on East 88th Street­ ing, we voted on whether or not tQ continue I still consider myselflikeable, charm­ structive" footwork around the "rage" of the students were prevented from entering the occupation-this was an unprece­ ing, and delightful. the student occupiers, as if this "rage" was the 150-seat auditorium by barricades, po­ dented action. What Goldblatt fails to men- something nebulous, or metaphysical. lice and security guards). I joined the occu­ tion in his letter is that, on each occasion, Simon.Taylor, Ph.D. Program in Art His­ Well, for many of us, our anger is grounded pation in solidarity with students at a dozen we received an overwhelming majority of tory. in material deprivation. I, for one, am un­ other campuses in the metropolitan area. sure how I'm going to pay for tuition this Call me self-righteous if you like, but I year. "Fellowships" (read: "Work-Study"), think public education is worth fighting if you're lucky enough to receive one, are for-it's not a privilege, it's a RIGHT! hopelessly insufficient. The poverty _gf stu- Goldblatt smuggly felt "guilty amuse-

The Committee tor Cultural Studies will employ an Adminhitratlve Assistant to coordi­ nate a survey of inter-American Cultural Studies Programs. Salary is $8,000 for 12. to 15 hours per week from September 1991 through June 1992. The candidate must be a ma­ triculated CUNY doctoral student, generally familiar with Cultural Studies programs and approaches, with ability to speak, read and write Spanish and preferably some Portu­ guese. Interested applicants should contact Professor Stanley Aronowitz as soon as possibile at 212 642-2428. Leave message with name and telephone number.

Looking for someone to do 3 hours of housecleaning every other week, in exhange for good rates and/or gourmet cooking. Call 212 260-7368.

Housemate wanted. 2 bedroom in Williamsburg. 900 sq. ft. sunny, first stop on the L. $375. Call Janet at 718 387-1312.

Social Science and History books for sale. Call Tom at 212 304-2402. CUNY security and NYC police block students' access to the August 1st Board of Trustees meeting (left) while 7 other members of the NYPD muster at the rear Want to sell your books? Records? Looking for an apartment? Roommate? entrance to the 80th St. stronghold. Publish your classified ads and personals in The Advocate. Call 212 642-2852 or place the ad in a labeled envelope and slip It under the door at SC 18.

I Image of the Month I ,No Vaya~ aR Gring@~ . ···.-:-:·.·...... ·. ·: ·,. ~--. . . transigent state. well supported and vocal anti-activist, re­ Most importantly for CUNY students actionary backlash; and harassing strikers there are now networks of radical student and their supporters through use of their activists who have worked together and access to students private files and through will continue the fight. A campaign has al­ their control of bureaucratic procedures. It ·, ready been suggested to try and oust Ann is felt that if a charige in .administrations Reynolds as a response to the historically could be won it would help create a center unprecedented attempts to prosecute strik­ of organized student power that had the ers. At the behest of the Chancellor, police right to demand loyalty by all to the student have come to the homes of strikers and ar­ body and faculty ·during a budget crisis, rested them. On campuses, administrations and create a better environment in which to are producing propaganda against the strik­ organize for future battles. ers which calls for students to give up oc­ cupations and demonstrations and to lobby Anthony Marcus is a doctoral student in \..\ t A:l'\~~\~ and become involved in electoral politics; Anthropology at the Graduate School and Watch out for the Gringo, El Diablo Rojo (1910) they are carefully nurturing a small but a veteran of the CUNY student.fightback.