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Thestateofhousinginek Urhuleni: Urbaninfilling Vs Megaprojectsin

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Thestateofhousinginek Urhuleni: Urbaninfilling Vs Megaprojectsin T H E S T A T E O F H O U S I N G I N E K U R H U L E N I: U R B A N I N F I L L I N G VS M E G A P R O J E C T S I N T H E L E E U W P O O R T D E V E L O P M E N T, B O K S B U R G Martyn Sonny Vigus-Brown Ethics Protocol Number: H18/06/39 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies. September 2019 Page 1 of 232 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other University. _______________________________________ (Signature of candidate) 30th day of September 2019 at 17:00 Page 2 of 232 ABSTRACT Post-apartheid housing development in South Africa has been one of the consistent struggles and critiques of the national government. With provision for housing being one of the most critical challenges faced by the nation’s government, it is also one of the basic rights each citizen holds, emphasising its necessity in government’s addressing of it. With the transformation of the national housing policy from 1996 based on the Reconstruction and Development Programme, to Breaking New Grounds in 2004, a common reoccurrence between the two housing policy practices has been the lack of socio-spatial and socio- economic integration and sustainability in developments. This thesis works to assess and analyse the new housing policy approach under Breaking New Ground: Megaprojects, taken out in Gauteng since the turn of 2015. The research aims to understand how a mega housing project in Ekurhuleni – Leeuwpoort – and its development plans and practices grapple with the tension between building houses and building a socially and economically self-sufficient and sustainable human settlement as envisaged. In order to understand what is trying to be achieved at Leeuwpoort and what different stakeholders expect out of the megaproject, methods focused on analysing regional planning and project documentation; interviews with local state officials, planners and ward councillors, and analysis of local media. Findings note that whilst the approach to the Leeuwpoort development is a step on the right path to creating a socio- spatially and socio-economically integrated post-apartheid Boksburg; there is still a lot to be planned for in regards to the economic mechanisms of megaproject developments post-development. However, political pressure with regards to combating the housing backlog within unrealistic timelines has resulted in miscommunication and uncoordination between spheres of government in the project planning. The future of the project in terms of its scale of delivery and effect on fragmented urbanism is uncertain. This research seeks to contribute to the growing literature on mega human settlements in South Africa and housing studies in other Gauteng municipalities such as Ekurhuleni. Page 3 of 232 Dedicated to: My family, who has always believed in me and supported me from the very first day, and has also helped me through every step of a most difficult and personally tough 2018. Lastly, this is for me, as proof that I can achieve more than I think I can and that no matter the obstacles put in front of me there is always a way of getting through it. Page 4 of 232 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Sian Butcher, for her complete support and assistance throughout my journey from the very beginning. Your consistent guidance has made this moment possible. I would also like to thank all my interviewees for their time and information, without which this thesis would not be possible. The material provided for by you is what makes my work unique and more meaningful in its purpose. To my longest friend, Andre, thank you for the support and time spent breaking away from my academic work during my period of personal hardship and suffering. To my best friend, Alex, thank you for your support in time and effort from the beginning; your academic perseverance inspired me to want to go as far as I have when I thought one degree was enough. Finally, I would like to thank my family, without whom I would not have been able to make it this far. You believed in me, when at times I thought it would be easier to give up. Nothing has been possible without your love and support. Page 5 of 232 Table of Contents DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 3 Dedicated to: ....................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures .................................................................................................................... 12 List of Maps ....................................................................................................................... 13 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... 14 NOMENCLATURE ............................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 17 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................ 17 1.2 Problem Statement and Rationale .......................................................................... 19 1.3 Research Aims ......................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Research Sub-Questions ......................................................................................... 21 1.5 Overview of Thesis .................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 23 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 23 2.2. South Africa’s First Democratic Housing Policy: the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) ................................................................................... 23 2.3. The Rise of Breaking New Ground (BNG) as South Africa’s New Housing Policy .. 29 2.4. A New Approach in South Africa’s Housing Policy: Megaprojects/Mega Human Settlements ................................................................................................................... 33 2.5. Conceptualizing and constructing Megaprojects................................................... 43 2.6. Spatial Planning in Gauteng and how it has shaped and/or been shaped by Housing Policy ............................................................................................................... 44 2.7. State and Society, and Practices of the State around Housing in Post-Apartheid South Africa ................................................................................................................... 50 Page 6 of 232 2.8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 52 CHAPTER 3: POLICY FRAMEWORKS .................................................................................. 53 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 53 3.2. The National Development Plan, 2030 .................................................................. 53 3.3. The National Housing Code 2009: Integrated Residential Development Programme ................................................................................................................... 56 3.4. Gauteng Spatial Development Framework, 2030 .................................................. 59 3.5. Mega Projects: Clusters and New Cities (Gauteng Department of Human Settlements, 2015) ........................................................................................................ 60 3.6. Gauteng Department of Human Settlements Annual Report 2017/18 ................. 61 3.7. Ekurhuleni Municipal Spatial Development Framework (MSDF), 2015 ................ 63 3.8. Ekurhuleni Integrated Development Plan, 2016 .................................................... 65 3.9. The Annual Report of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, 2016/2017 ............ 67 3.10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 67 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 69 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 69 4.2. Study Site ............................................................................................................... 69 4.3. Research Methodology .........................................................................................
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