Conflicts in the North Caucasus
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Ethnic Competition, Radical Islam and Challenges to Stability in the Republic of Dagestan
Ethnic Competition, Radical Islam, and Challenges to Stability in the Republic of Dagestan Edward C. Holland Doctoral Candidate Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Geography Campus Box 487 University of Colorado Boulder, CO. 80309-0487 USA Email: [email protected] Phone: 1-303-492-4347; fax 1-303-492-3609 John O’Loughlin College Professor of Distinction and Professor of Geography Institute of Behavioral Science Campus Box 487 University of Colorado Boulder, CO. 80309-0487 USA Email: [email protected] Phone: 1-303-492-1619; fax 1-303-492-3609 Forthcoming COMMUNIST AND POST-COmMUNIST STUDIES 2010 Acknowledgements: This research was supported by a grant from the Human and Social Dynamics Initiative of the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number 0433927. Thanks to Vladimir Kolossov, and Gearoid Ó Tuathail for help with the survey and the fieldwork in Dagestan, to our Dagestani colleagues, Eldar Eldarov, Shakhmardan Muduyev, Sharafudin Aliyev, and Zagir Atayev for their overwhelming hospitality on two field expeditions and to Nancy Thorwardson of the Institute of Behavioral Science for preparing the map for publication. We also acknowledge Alexei Grazhdankin and his colleagues of the Levada Center, Moscow for their timely, professional and friendly cooperation that ensured the success of the complex survey in Dagestan. Abstract Previous academic work on stability in Dagestan has focused on two potential cleavages, the republic’s ethnic diversity and the challenge from radical Islamist groups. Using results from a December 2005 survey, and focusing on Dagestan’s six main ethnic groups, this paper investigates attitudes towards the dual topics of the politicization of ethnicity and the relationship between terrorism and Islamism. -
Instrument of Ratification)1
Proposed Declaration (instrument of ratification)1 1. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Charter, the Russian Federation undertakes to apply the provisions of Part II to all the regional or minority languages spoken within its territory and which comply with the definition in Article 1. 2. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Charter, the Russian Federation declares that the provisions set out below shall apply to the following languages in the specified territories: Abaza (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Adyghe (Republic of Adygea), Aghul (Republic of Dagestan), Altai (Republic of Altai), Avar (Republic of Dagestan), Azeri (Republic of Dagestan), Balkar (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Bashkir (Republic of Bashkortostan), Buryat (Republic of Buryatia), Chechen (Republics of Chechnya and Dagestan), Cherkess (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Chuvash (Republic of Chuvashia), Dargin (Republic of Dagestan), Ingush (Republic of Ingushetia), Kabardian (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Kalmyk (Republic of Kalmykia), Karachay (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Khakas (Republic of Khakasia), Komi (Republic of Komi), Kumyk (Republic of Dagestan), Lak (Republic of Dagestan), Lezgian (Republic of Dagestan), Mountain and Meadow Mari (Republic of Mari El), Moksha and Erzya Mordovian (Republic of Mordovia), Nogai (Republics of Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessia), Ossetic (Republic of North Ossetia), Rutul (Republic of Dagestan), Sakha (Republic of Sakha), Tabasaran (Republic of Dagestan), Tat (Republic of Dagestan), Tatar (Republic of Tatarstan), Tsakhur (Republic of Dagestan), Tuvan (Republic of Tuva) and Udmurt (Republic of Udmurtia) Article 8 – Education Paragraph 1.a.i; b.ii; c.ii; d.ii; e.ii; f.i; g; h; i. Article 9 – Judicial authorities Paragraph 1.a.ii; a.iii; a.iv; b.ii; b.iii; c.ii; c.iii. -
Islam in the North Caucasus: a People Divided Yavus Akhmadov
Liberty University DigitalCommons@Liberty University Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 2001 Islam in the North Caucasus: A People Divided Yavus Akhmadov Stephen R. Bowers Liberty University, [email protected] Marion T. Doss, Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Akhmadov, Yavus; Bowers, Stephen R.; and Doss, Jr., Marion T., "Islam in the North Caucasus: A People Divided" (2001). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 72. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/72 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at DigitalCommons@Liberty University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Liberty University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 124 Religious Brotherhoods of Chechnya collapse of state authority, (2) a lack of faith in state officials, (3) economic adversity, and (4) persistent intervention by Islamic groups from abroad. The violence that came in 1999 to Dagestan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikstan was driven by these factors and the Chechen situation is subject to the same factors. Connections with Taliban and Other Outside Groups Recognition of the fact that such an important and dynamic brotherhood can, like other Islamic movements for national liberation, pose a challenge to Western society prompts legitimate questions about their relationship with Islamic organizations outside the region. While Islam did much to provide spiritual comfort to Chechen soldiers during the 1994-96 war, it has undergone dramatic changes during the decade since the collapse of the USSR. -
Azerbaijan Mine Action Program: the Information Leverage
Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 7 Issue 2 The Journal of Mine Action Article 22 August 2003 Azerbaijan Mine Action Program: The Information Leverage Aziz Aliyev Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Aliyev, Aziz (2003) "Azerbaijan Mine Action Program: The Information Leverage," Journal of Mine Action : Vol. 7 : Iss. 2 , Article 22. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol7/iss2/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 7/20/2016 AzerbaijanAliyev: Azerbaijan Mine Actio Minen Program: Action Program: The Information The Information Leverage, Leverage by Aziz Aliyev (7.2) Information within this issue may be outdated. Click here to view the most recent issue. Issue 7.2, August 2003 Home Azerbaijan Mine Action Program: The Information Leverage The effective and steady working partnership between the Information Department of the Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA) and the Geneva International Center for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) has enabled the development of the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA). The following article outlines the relationship between ANAMA and GICHD and their joint success. -
Operation Lentil: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing of the Chechens Tom Shattuck
The Histories Volume 10 | Issue 2 Article 7 2019 Operation Lentil: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing of the Chechens Tom Shattuck Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/the_histories Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Shattuck, Tom (2019) "Operation Lentil: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing of the Chechens," The Histories: Vol. 10 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/the_histories/vol10/iss2/7 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Scholarship at La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The iH stories by an authorized editor of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Histories, Volume 10, Number 2 92 VI Operation Lentil: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing of the Chechens By Tom Shattuck ‘13 On February 23, 1944, Lavrentii Beria ordered for the NKVD to systemically remove all of the Chechen people from their homes in the Caucuses to Kazakhstan and Kirghizia in Central Asia. Before this cleansing, the Chechens had a history of tension with the Russians. This age- old conflict culminated after the Germans retreated when the Soviet Union charged the entire Chechen population with treason for aiding the Germans. Despite the fact that several thousand Chechen men had volunteered in the Red Army to help fight the Germans, Stalin still used the pretext of a German retreat through an area of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic to condemn them all. In reality, Stalin just wanted to finally end the Chechen problem. Because the cleansing removed every Chechen from their home, the process proved to be brutal and deadly for the Chechens. -
The Future of the Caucasus After the Second Chechen War
CEPS Working Document No. 148 The Future of the Caucasus after the Second Chechen War Papers from a Brainstorming Conference held at CEPS 27-28 January 2000 Edited by Michael Emerson and Nathalie Tocci July 2000 A Short Introduction to the Chechen Problem Alexandru Liono1 Abstract The problems surrounding the Chechen conflict are indeed many and difficult to tackle. This paper aims at unveiling some of the mysteries covering the issue of so-called “Islamic fundamentalism” in Chechnya. A comparison of the native Sufi branch of Islam and the imported Wahhaby ideology is made, in order to discover the contradictions and the conflicts that the spreading of the latter inflicted in the Chechen society. Furthermore, the paper investigates the main challenges President Aslan Maskhadov was facing at the beginning of his mandate, and the way he managed to cope with them. The paper does not attempt to cover all the aspects of the Chechen problem; nevertheless, a quick enumeration of other factors influencing the developments in Chechnya in the past three years is made. 1 Research assistant Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) 1 1. Introduction To address the issues of stability in North Caucasus in general and in Chechnya in particular is a difficult task. The factors that have contributed to the start of the first and of the second armed conflicts in Chechnya are indeed many. History, politics, economy, traditions, religion, all of them contributed to a certain extent to the launch of what began as an anti-terrorist operation and became a full scale armed conflict. The narrow framework of this presentation does not allow for an exhaustive analysis of the Russian- Chechen relations and of the permanent tensions that existed there during the known history of that part of North Caucasus. -
The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
IAUP Baku 2018 Semi-Annual Meeting
IAUP Baku 2018 Semi-Annual Meeting “Globalization and New Dimensions in Higher Education” 18-20th April, 2018 Venue: Fairmont Baku, Flame Towers Website: https://iaupasoiu.meetinghand.com/en/#home CONFERENCE PROGRAMME WEDNESDAY 18th April 2018 Fairmont Baku, Flame Towers 18:30 Registration 1A, Mehdi Hüseyn Street Fairmont Baku, Flame Towers, 19:00-21:00 Opening Cocktail Party Uzeyir Hajibeyov Ballroom, 19:05 Welcome speech by IAUP President Mr. Kakha Shengelia 19:10 Welcome speech by Ministry of Education representative 19:30 Opening Speech by Rector of ASOIU Mustafa Babanli THURSDAY 19th April 2018 Visit to Alley of Honor, Martyrs' Lane Meeting Point: Foyer in Fairmont 09:00 - 09:45 Hotel 10:00 - 10:15 Mr. Kakha Shengelia Nizami Ganjavi A Grand Ballroom, IAUP President Fairmont Baku 10:15 - 10:30 Mr. Ceyhun Bayramov Deputy Minister of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan 10:30-10:45 Mr. Mikheil Chkhenkeli Minister of Education and Science of Georgia 10:45 - 11:00 Prof. Mustafa Babanli Rector of Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break Keynote 1: Modern approach to knowledge transfer: interdisciplinary 11:30 - 12:00 studies and creative thinking Speaker: Prof. Philippe Turek University of Strasbourg 12:00 - 13:00 Panel discussion 1 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:30 Networking meeting of rectors and presidents 14:00– 16:00 Floor Presentation of Azerbaijani Universities (parallel to the networking meeting) 18:30 - 19:00 Transfer from Farimont Hotel to Buta Palace Small Hall, Buta Palace 19:00 - 22:00 Gala -
Circassian Religion.Pdf
Circassian Religion and Beliefs Circassian Religion and Beliefs A Descriptive Account Amjad Jaimoukha 2009 1 Circassian Culture & Folklore First published 2009 by © 2009 Amjad Jaimoukha Typeset in Printed and bound in by All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. A catalogue record for this document is available from ( ) ISBN 2 Contents Introduction 5 1. Time-line of Faith 7 2. Ancient Native Religion & Mythology 9 The Circassian Pantheon 10 List of Circassian Deities 13 Tenets of Polytheism 16 Rites & Ceremonies 17 Oaths & Vows 20 Holidays & Festivals 21 Augury & Astrology 27 Rites of Devotion to Specific Deities 29 Hentsegwasche 29 Sozeresh 33 Zchegwpathe 38 Theghelej 39 Lords of the hunt: Mezithe and Dawischjerjiy 40 Lhepsch 41 Beliefs & Cults 44 Immortality of the soul 44 Ancestor worship 45 Cult of the hero 45 Pyrolatry 45 The Circassian hearth: The inner sanctum 47 Tree worship 48 Entreaties & toasts 50 Death & life after life 52 Magic numbers: ‘Seven’ and ‘three’ 57 Magic & witchcraft 58 Superstitions, jinxes, omens & black cats 59 3 3. Related Religions 60 Circassian & Abkhaz Pantheons 60 Connection with Hattian Religion 62 4. Christianity 64 Christian Festivals 69 Christmas 69 Easter 72 ‘Night of the Wolf-burrow’ and the Assumption of Our Lady 72 5. Spread of Islam 75 6. Contemporary Religion 77 Religion under Communism 77 Glasnost & Post-Soviet Period 78 Religion Today 80 Appendices 84 1. -
In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations). -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
Religious Aspects of Bilingualism in Azerbaijan
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 40 Issue 6 Article 5 8-2020 Religious Aspects of Bilingualism in Azerbaijan Malahat Veliyeva Azerbaijan University of Languages, Baku Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, and the Islamic Studies Commons Recommended Citation Veliyeva, Malahat (2020) "Religious Aspects of Bilingualism in Azerbaijan," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 6 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss6/5 This Thirty-Year Anniversary since the Fall of Communism is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF BILINGUALISM IN AZERBAIJAN In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful... By Malahat Veliyeva Malahat Veliyeva is an Associate Professor at the Department of English Linguistics at Azerbaijan University of Languages in Baku. She did her PhD in Germanic languages in 2008 and started the post-doctorate degree in Sociolinguistics in 2012. Her area of interest is also multiculturalism and religious studies. She was a SUSI scholar awarded by the scholarship of the US Department of State in 2019. She has three publications on General Linguistics. Email: [email protected] Introduction Azerbaijan is one of the former countries of the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics (the USSR) that lost its independence in 1920 when the Russian XI Red Army brutally intervened in the country and imposed the Soviet regime throughout Azerbaijan.