S4122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- when he introduced his legislation. The Honorable LINCOLN CHAFEE led pore. Objection is heard. Under the Senator WARNER, after many trips to the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: rule, the bill will be placed on the cal- Kosovo and firsthand experience, be- endar. came convinced that our united efforts I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Repub- f in the Balkans would have no chance of success unless promises made by our lic for which it stands, one nation under God, RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. allies were kept—obligations for hu- f The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- manitarian assistance and reconstruc- pore. Under the previous order, the tion so crucial to any positive out- APPOINTMENT OF ACTING leadership time is reserved. come. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE f Senator WARNER, in effect, issued a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The MILITARY CONSTRUCTION strong warning to our valued allies, clerk will please read a communication APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2001 and I believe his legislation has become to the Senate from the President pro a catalyst for action. Almost every The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. contributing NATO ally and the offi- The legislative clerk read the fol- pore. The Senate will now resume con- cials within the administration, has as- lowing letter: sideration of S. 2521, which the clerk sured the chairman, that they have will report. been, are, or will step up to the plate U.S. SENATE, The legislative clerk read as follows: PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, and fulfill their financial obligations. Washington, DC, May 18, 2000. A bill (S. 2521) making appropriations for I feel with certainty that President TO THE SENATE: Under the provisions of military construction, family housing, and Clinton can and will certify the Warner rule I, section 3, of the Standing Rules of the base realignment and closure for the Depart- requirements have been met, so essen- Senate, I hereby appoint the Honorable LIN- ment of Defense for the fiscal year ending tial to achieving peace and stability in September 30, 2001, and for other purposes. COLN CHAFEE, a Senator from the State of Kosovo. Regardless of how Members Rhode Island, to perform the duties of the Pending: feel about this legislation or U.S. in- Chair. Levin amendment No. 3154, to strike cer- volvement in Kosovo, we owe Senator STROM THURMOND, tain provisions which require ground troops President pro tempore. WARNER a debt of gratitude. be withdrawn from Kosovo by a fixed date. The second part of this legislation Mr. L. CHAFEE thereupon assumed The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- has been authored by Senator ROBERT the chair as Acting President pro tem- pore. The pending amendment is the BYRD. His knowledge of the U.S. Con- pore. Levin amendment No. 3154. stitution has no equal in this body and f Under the previous order, the Sen- his tireless efforts in defending and RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING ator from Kansas, Mr. ROBERTS, is rec- protecting the constitutional preroga- MAJORITY LEADER ognized to speak for up to 15 minutes. tives of this institution will be among Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I ask the many legacies he will leave us. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- unanimous consent that I may proceed Senator BYRD has a not-so-unique pore. The Senator from Kansas. for 20 minutes. conviction. He believes, and I believe, f The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- that we should balance the need for pore. Is there objection? SCHEDULE Presidential flexibility in foreign af- Mr. LEVIN. Reserving the right to fairs and our constitutional power of Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, today object. the purse. the Senate will resume consideration The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- His legislation signals the end to of the military construction appropria- pore. The Senator from Michigan. open-ended—and I emphasize the word tions bill. There are nearly 51⁄2 hours of Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, there is a ‘‘open-ended’’—U.S. peacekeeping oper- debate remaining on the Levin amend- time that has been allocated to each ations in Kosovo and by periodic re- ment in regard to Kosovo. Senators side. I ask my good friend from Kansas porting promote actual consultation who have statements are encouraged to whether or not the additional 5 min- with the Congress and enable us to work with the amendment managers utes will come out from the time that abide by the Constitution’s directives on a time to come to the floor. Fol- is allocated to his side. on the separation of powers. lowing the use or yielding back of Mr. ROBERTS. The Senator is cor- I certainly identify with Senator time, a vote will occur at approxi- rect. Last night I asked, under a unani- BYRD’s purpose, as I authored a some- mately 2:30 this afternoon. After the mous consent request, for 20 minutes. I what similar reporting requirement in disposition of the Levin amendment, it discovered this morning it was 15 min- 1998 during consideration of the De- is hoped the Senate can proceed to a utes. I am merely asking for an addi- fense appropriations bill, as did Sen- vote on final passage of the bill. tional 5 minutes. Obviously, it will ators CLELAND and SNOWE. This is not For the remainder of the day, it is come out of our time. new ground we are plowing. The report- the intention of the leader to begin Mr. LEVIN. I have no objection if it ing requirement was a little different. consideration of the foreign operations comes out of their time. It was after the fact, and it was a fore- appropriations bill. Senators, there- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- gone conclusion in terms of our in- fore, can anticipate votes into this eve- pore. Without objection, it is so or- volvement. We were trying to better ning’s session. dered. The Senator is recognized for 20 determine the mission, the cost, the f minutes. timing, et cetera. Again, this is not Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I rise MEASURE PLACED ON THE new ground we are plowing. to lend my support to the proposed leg- Notwithstanding the actual content CALENDAR—H.R. 3709 islation by my colleagues, Senator of the Byrd-Warner amendment, it cer- Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I un- BYRD and Senator WARNER, in ref- tainly has caused quite a fuss, so much derstand there is a bill at the desk due erence to U.S. obligations and involve- of a fuss that the Senate of the United for its second reading. ment in Kosovo and, in a larger sense, States is actually in the midst of a for- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- in NATO as well, and in opposition to eign policy debate, some $15 billion and pore. The clerk will read the bill for the amendment to strike that has been 6 or 7 years into intervention in the the second time. offered by the distinguished Senator Balkans. The legislative clerk read as follows: from Michigan. We actually have Senators in both A bill (H.R. 3709) to extend for 5 years the In this regard, I am a cosponsor of the Republican conference and the moratorium enacted by the Internet Tax the language introduced several weeks Democratic caucus involved in some Freedom Act, and for other purposes. ago by the distinguished chairman of very spirited debate about the U.S. pol- Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I ob- the Armed Services Committee, Sen- icy in the Balkans, so emblematic of ject to further proceedings on the bill ator WARNER. I had the privilege of the so-called Clinton doctrine. Imagine at this time. being in the Presiding Officer’s chair that, foreign policy actually getting

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 01:50 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.003 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4123 some attention in the middle of an Let the critics, let all of my col- The U.S. military is being deployed all election year and a Presidential cam- leagues who oppose this legislation, an- over the world by this administration paign. That is good. That is not bad; swer the following questions: at rates far above that seen in regard that is good. We need this debate. First: Are the Europeans capable of to the cold war. We must ensure that In fact, I know of two Senators, the maintaining the peace in Kosovo? That we have the forces to be able to re- Senator from Georgia, Mr. CLELAND, is a very important question. spond to threats to our vital national and this Senator from Kansas who have Second: Are the Europeans solvent security interests. braved the morning business hours, al- enough to meet their promised fiscal The point is not to debate whether ways held in the late afternoons, to responsibility? I think we all know the we should have gone to war in launch what we call a foreign policy di- answer to that. Kosovo—those 20–20 hindsight lessons alog and discuss at length our vital na- Does the Congress have any responsi- learned are still in progress, and they tional security interests, the direction bility for foreign policy? should be—but rather to decide how of our foreign policy, and the use of Have we asked the President, time long we will keep draining limited U.S. force and related topics. and time again, with numerous report- resources when we still cannot define A few Senators have joined us, par- ing requirements—as I have indicated, what our long-term objectives in Kosovo are, or when the Europeans are ticularly Senators HUTCHINSON, HAGEL, as Senator CLELAND, Senator SNOWE, fully capable of performing the peace- LUGAR, and LEVIN. It was a good dialog. and I have over 2 years ago—to better We will have more. But this debate is inform and include Congress in foreign keeping mission again, and they have about an actual amendment calling for policy decisions? committed to providing the reconstruc- the Senate to meet our obligations and Would the United States respond tion resources and the resources for hu- responsibilities to be an equal partner militarily if a conflict erupted in Eu- manitarian relief. This legislation is, in fact, in concert with the executive in determining rope following the passage of this legis- with the new Combined Joint Task where and why our American men and lation? Force mechanism adopted by NATO women in uniform are put in harm’s Does an ill-defined, poorly executed, and ineffective policy in the Balkans during the Washington summit. That is way, and for what purpose, and com- the summit that was held last spring. mensurate with our commitments in have a direct negative effect on our military and our remaining military In this regard, we all left town and the regard to our allies. NATO ambassadors stayed here. They This is almost beyond the hopes of obligations around the world? I think the answers, my colleagues adopted a new Strategic Concept. I Senator CLELAND and myself, who have and critics, is yes to all of those ques- doubt if many Senators have read the been trying to attract attention to this tions. new Strategic Concept. I did. topic for the better part of this session. In fact, I think it is a bit conde- I am a little concerned about our My colleagues, this legislation does scending or paternalistic, if not out- mission in that regard. I even had an us, our military, and the American right arrogant, to suggest, as some amendment, that was adopted, that people a big favor, it seems to me. It have stated, that without direct U.S. asked the President to certify whether places the Congress into a process, a participation—we are talking about we had obligations and responsibilities process where we already have a con- ground troops now, not logistics, not on all these new missions in regard to stitutional obligation. Simply put, if airlift, not intelligence—that the Euro- the Strategic Concept. we, as a body, believe our continued pean military would be unable to main- In that Strategic Concept, passed presence in Kosovo is justified, then we last fall, largely at the request of our tain the peace and war will spread to do so by voting to stay. European allies, the task force allows neighboring nations. Second, the provision asks the Those of us who are privileged to NATO members to utilize—listen up, my colleagues—the task force allows United States to provide a plan to re- serve on the Senate Armed Services NATO members to utilize noncombat turn the peacekeeping responsibility—I Committee have met repeatedly with NATO resources in support of an oper- emphasize that, the peacekeeping re- our foreign counterparts to learn re- ation that is conducted by a coalition sponsibility—to our allies in Europe by peatedly that the European Union of willing nations without requiring all the first of October of next year—18 members are developing a rapid deploy- alliance members to participate in it. months away. ment force with defensive capability— Last, it asks the President to certify That is the concept. That is what they call it the ESDI—that they say this legislation does. that the E.U. and the European mem- will be, or is right now, capable of bers of NATO meet the obligations for There is no reason this CJTF plan maintaining the peace in the Balkans. would not allow the United States to the humanitarian assistance and the Are they wrong? We have 17 months to reconstruction they have promised. continue to provide—as the distin- really try to figure that out. guished chairman of the Armed Serv- This legislation has created quite a As an aside, would our peacekeepers ices Committee said over and over fuss. Supporters have been labeled— assume a combat role? Do I recall press again in this debate—airlift, logistics, and I am quoting here—as ‘‘isolation- accounts where Americans are no intelligence, and, yes, peacekeeping ists,’’ ‘‘Cassandras,’’ and ‘‘blind to the longer permitted to come to the assist- support. facts.’’ ance of other peacekeepers in other What is the end game here? Not only The critics of this legislation say, if sectors, in certain situations, following are there no clear objectives that this amendment is adopted, Europe a skirmish in the German sector? would end our involvement in Kosovo, will be plunged into darkness, NATO So let me get this right. We are but there is no understanding, at least will resemble Humpty-Dumpty, and 50 peacekeepers, but we cannot withdraw from this Senator’s standpoint, of what years of U.S.-Europe cooperation will because of a possible problem that constitutes ‘‘winning the peace.’’ I be in danger, not to mention the peace could break out; but we are not allowed would like somebody to tell me. and stability in the Balkans. Really? to go to other sectors to assist if a I would like somebody to tell me, My colleagues, to suggest that if we problem breaks out? Something is after years of discussion and hearings, ask to bring our combat troops home wrong here. especially in the Intelligence Com- after an orderly turnover to European Do the opponents of this legislation mittee and Armed Services Committee, peacekeepers, to ask the Congress to actually think that because of this pro- the President, Secretary Albright or vote on their approval or their dis- vision, the United States will in fact National Security Adviser Berger or approval of continued U.S. participa- become isolationists? Do opponents Gen. Wesley Clark, who is back in tion in Kosovo, and to ask that the think by passing this provision, it sig- Washington after a very tough duty as- President certify that the Europeans nals an end to our participation in signment that he conducted so well, or will meet their funding obligations NATO or in Europe? That argument is my colleagues who are so critical of they promised—if that represents a absurd. I think the opponents know it. this amendment: What is it that win- lessening of our commitment to Eu- That is not the issue. ning the peace in Kosovo means? rope, this, to me, is histrionics of Aside from fulfilling our constitu- Is it harmonious coexistence of the amazing proportions. tional obligations, the issue is this: Serb and the Albanian population in

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.006 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 some yet to be defined autonomous or deadline for withdrawing American I could go on with example after ex- semiautonomous region called Kosovo? troops from Kosovo. A GAO report re- ample. Basically, we asked him what Is it when the level of violence, Serb on leased today said that prospects for he spent most of his time on. He said, Albanian, Albanian on Serb, Albanian lasting peace in Kosovo are bleak. It Albanian violence on Albanian. The on Albanian or Serb on Serb or any says it will take another 5 years. basic question is, within the next 18 combination of those, has been reduced Maybe we should have an amendment months that we figure out if, in fact, to a point that CNN no longer covers by those opposed to this amendment Europe has the capability to conduct it? Or is it when the western nations simply stating that the GAO indicates the peacekeeping operations. This is have kept the peace long enough for there is going to be another 5 years and not a pullout. This is not an automatic generations to pass and the great simply to go ahead and say that, that retreat. All this is, is for the Congress grandchildren of the combatants no we tell the truth in regards to how long of the United States to assume its con- longer remember the atrocities they it is going to take. stitutional responsibility at the end of inflicted on one another? Last week in our foreign policy dia- 18 months, if the President requests it I am all for winning a peace. I don’t log, Senator LUGAR asked the question: and says it is in our vital national in- know of anybody who is not. But I am Are we committed to NATO, after the terests, that we vote to stay. I, for one, concerned, and I am afraid the reality lessons hopefully learned following the would vote to stay if, in fact, the Presi- is that the U.S. cannot afford to wait. isolationist policies of World War I and dent looked me in the eye and said that We are not talking about now. We are all we have worked to achieve in the 50 was the case. I think under the cir- talking about October from October, 18 years since World War II? Are we still cumstances I have made my point. months. I say this not out of a lack of committed to Europe in that their se- I yield back the remainder of my compassion for the inflicted innocents curity involves our security? The an- time. of Kosovo—those who I met and whose swer is yes. His point is well taken. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pleas I have heard and the memories of That is not the issue. ator from Virginia. which I will carry forever—but because I submit the conduct of foreign pol- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, under our U.S. military is stretched and icy is just as important as the alleged the standing order, the vote on this strained and growing hollow once or stated goal. And there is the rub for issue will occur at 2:30, give or take a again, and our world commitments are this Senator. Some day I hope to pull few minutes on either side. Senator too great to allow us to stay in Kosovo together all of the information and re- LEVIN has, under his control, 2 hours 45 indefinitely. ports I have stacked up in my office minutes. The Senator from Virginia Some time ago, June 19, 1998, Senator and address the concern, the frustra- has roughly an hour and a half or less, CLELAND and Senator SNOWE passed an tion, in regard to the planning, the in- of which 1 hour is reserved to our dis- amendment calling for a report from telligence, the conduct, the law of un- tinguished colleague, Mr. BYRD of West the Executive, what clear and distinct intended effects of the Kosovo and Bos- Virginia. Thus far, the Senator from objectives guide the activities of the nia operations, but now is not the ap- Virginia is desirous of trying to accom- United States in the Balkans, what the propriate time. modate those who wish to speak in sup- President has identified on the basis of Upon returning from Kosovo and port of the amendment. I have the those objectives as the date or set of talking with one of the colonels in names of Mr. TORRICELLI, Mr. CLELAND, conditions that define the end point of charge, who was a member of the Air- Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. GREGG, Mr. BURNS, the operation. That was 2 years ago. borne, I asked him what he did from Mr. INHOFE, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. THOMAS, There are findings here that pretty the time he got up in the morning until and Mrs. HUTCHISON of Texas. I am well underscore the concern and the the end of the day, other than the going to be right here to do the very frustration we have had, all of us, in a briefing we had. He indicated there was best I can to accommodate all. bipartisan way. We have a May 3, 1994, some progress being made. Time is going to move very swiftly, Presidential Decision Directive 25 de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and I hope Senators will contact the claring that American participation in ator’s time has expired. managers and indicate the times con- the United Nations and other peace op- Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I ask venient for them to speak. erations will depend in part—this was unanimous consent I be granted an- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I wonder before Kosovo; this is Bosnia—on other 2 minutes to close. if my good friend will yield for a ques- whether the role of the U.S. forces is Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I assume tion as to whether we might be able to tied to clear objectives and an end that comes off their time? schedule—— point for U.S. participation can be Mr. ROBERTS. That is correct. Mr. WARNER. On your time because The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without identified. my clock is ticking. I think the distinguished chairman’s objection, it is so ordered. Mr. LEVIN. It will be brief and on my Mr. ROBERTS. I asked the colonel amendment and that of Senator BYRD time. Senator LAUTENBERG is scheduled what he was proud of, what kind of is commensurate with the Presidential to go next under the unanimous con- progress he had made. That was the directive. I had an amendment, as I in- sent agreement. Can we schedule a trip that we had in February to dicated, to the Defense appropriations speaker on your side, perhaps? Kosovo. He indicated that finally they bill, saying: None of the funds appro- Mr. WARNER. Yes, Senator INHOFE priated on or otherwise made available, had found somebody who agreed to will be seeking recognition, and per- serve as a schoolbus driver for the Serb et cetera, could be obligated or ex- haps 10 minutes would be agreeable. children. Unfortunately, there were no pended for any additional deployment Would that be agreeable? of forces—this is before Kosovo and the Serb schoolchildren in Urisivic, and Mr. INHOFE. I would like to have 12, bombing, all of that—until the fol- they would not have been allowed to if I could. lowing questions were answered: The attend the Kosovar school had they Mr. WARNER. We will give the Sen- reasons why the deployment is in the been there. In addition, there would ator 12. national security interests of the have had to have been a separate cur- Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent United States; the number of U.S. mili- riculum and separate teachers. But that Senator DEWINE be recognized for tary personnel; the mission and objec- they found a schoolbus driver who was 10 minutes immediately after Senator tives, et cetera; the exit strategy. willing to drive the schoolbus if, in INHOFE, and then does the Senator About 6 months to a year later, we fi- fact, there was schoolchildren. know who would be ready on his side? nally got a response. I can tell you that These troops were guarding six Serb Mr. WARNER. I reserve 8 minutes for the mission has changed dramatically. families in what was called Serb Alley. a Senator in support of the amend- Then we all wanted to safeguard the re- They were escorted by armored vehi- ment. turn of the refugees and provide a safe cles to shop and get groceries once a Mr. LEVIN. After that, Senator haven and end the fighting. Today, I week. These families are staying with KERRY of Massachusetts could go on am not sure if we can define ‘‘winning the hope that their youngsters would our side. the peace.’’ return some day, if they are, in fact, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. A GAO report that just came says: still part of Serbia, and so they could DEWINE). Without objection, it is so or- On the eve of the Senate vote to set a continue their businesses. dered.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.009 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4125 Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I add This was a genocidal act, if we have military operations could only be used that following Senator KERRY, I will ever seen one. It was a brutal massacre to withdraw U.S. forces. have a speaker for about 7 minutes. I involving the worst crimes that one This provision could force U.S. troops thank the Chair and my colleague. could imagine—mutilation, rape. It to withdraw from Kosovo this July, 2 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- was a terrible situation. We were com- months from now. I think even some of ator from New Jersey is recognized, pelled sometimes by our heartstrings the sponsors of the measure would con- under the previous order, to speak for more perhaps than our planning to in- sider this highly undesirable. up to 20 minutes. tervene, and to say to the world you But let us suppose the Europeans do Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I can’t do that kind of killing while civ- indeed fulfill their aid pledges as is re- thank Senator LEVIN for the courtesy ilized nations exist around the world. quired, after the first phase, which is of being able to speak at this time. I We violated that, if we look at Africa. July of this year, 2000. What happens believe very strongly in the issue But we had a direct interest there. then? which is before us. I am in opposition When we think now of just pulling Section 2410 in this bill is quite clear to section 2410 in the military con- out—and I will say arbitrarily. I hate on this point: Unless the President gets struction appropriations bill, which in to disagree with two very distinguished explicit congressional authorization in the view of most, I think it is fair to and good friends in this Senate, the the form of a joint resolution, the next say, effectively terminates the U.S. distinguished Senator from Virginia, President will have to pull our troops military role in Kosovo. I opposed this chairman of the Armed Services Com- out of the NATO-led peacekeeping mis- amendment when it was offered in mittee—I don’t like to argue with him. sion in Kosovo by July of next year at committee, and I am proud to join with He is too smart. He has too much the latest. Senator LEVIN in offering an amend- knowledge—and the Senator from West Just a reminder: The Second World ment to strike it here in the full Sen- Virginia, not in a different category. War ended in August of 1945. We had ate. But I disagree with them on this very troops stationed in Germany and Last year, the Armed Forces of the important decision that is about to be Japan. We still have troops stationed U.S., our NATO allies, and other coun- made. in Europe and Japan as a result of that tries, valiantly fought to stop the kill- In my view, and in the view of the war. After more than 50 years, we still ing in Kosovo. They ended Slobodan Senate in the past, the United States have troops there. We still have troops Milosevic’s brutal campaign of ethnic and our allies were right to act last in South Korea as a result of that war. cleansing against the Albanians and year in Operation Allied Force. And we Why? Because we have determined we prevented his genocidal warfare from were right to stay in Kosovo to accom- are better off keeping the peace than being carried out to its full extent. plish our goals in Operation Joint fighting another war. Like many of my colleagues, I have Guardian. I believe that is the attitude that made many visits to the area. I We won the war. Now we have to en- ought to dominate. We were never watched with admiration and awe when sure that victory by maintaining the asked permission to keep those troops I saw our fliers flying out of Aviano, peace. there. Two-hundred thousand Ameri- Italy, to the front in Kosovo. That Mr. President, the discussion and the cans have been stationed around the flight—in a fighter plane there is not debate on this provision since the Ap- world—in Japan and Germany, in the much room—typically would take up propriations Committee markup has Pacific and European theaters. We to 8 or 9 hours to complete. It also shed considerable light on the Byrd- were never asked if it was OK to con- needed four to five refuelings in the air Warner amendment and its con- tinue. It is automatically thrown into to keep that pilot and that equipment sequences. the budget. Why, I ask, isn’t that ques- going. It was an incredibly well-done Most immediately, it ties our mili- tion raised? Why doesn’t someone say, campaign. Our pilots’ morale and com- tary presence in Kosovo to burden- hey, if the burden-sharing falls be- mitment was second to nothing I have sharing criteria for European recon- hind—mind you, there was a time when ever seen. I served 3 years in World War struction and humanitarian aid. They it was way behind, and I fought very II, so I have seen war directly before. I are doing it. hard to get that up to date—why don’t remember even then, when everybody It has been my belief for a long time we write legislation that would say, was so committed, how sometimes the that our allies must do more burden- should one of those countries—Japan, morale would flag after a period of sharing. I talked about it with Japan; I South Korea, or Germany—fall behind time. But these pilots would get in talked about it with Saudi Arabia; I in fulfilling their share of the burden, those planes almost daily and exhaust talked about it with South Korea—that pull our troops out arbitrarily? Just themselves in carrying out their mis- there has to be burden sharing by our pull them out. One would never dare sions. They were at high, high risk. allies. I believe that the European think of that. Fortunately, with good planning, countries should fulfill their broad It has been 9 years since we con- skilled pilots, skilled crews and ground commitment to take the lead in the re- cluded the war in the Persian Gulf. We personnel, we only had one plane go construction of Kosovo, as well as their have 9,000 troops stationed there in down, and the rescue of that pilot is specific aid pledges. harm’s way. We have lost a bunch of something that will live in the annals But I don’t think threatening to re- our people during the last 2 years be- of military history—how they scooped duce our peacekeeping presence is a cause of an attack on a barracks. But him up in the middle of the night in a constructive way to speed up European we still have 9,000 people there moni- carefully planned evacuation. They got aid disbursement. toring the no-fly zones and making him and brought him home safely. More importantly, I don’t think any- sure we have reserve troops to move in When I met him a couple of days later, one can predict with any certainty in case Iraq gets frisky and attacks he wanted to fly again and was ready that the President will be able to meet again. I do not hear anybody saying, to go back and do his duty. the burden-sharing certification re- OK, look, done with; let’s get out of In Kosovo, we watched hundreds of quirements by July 15 as this bill re- there. The reason we don’t do it is com- thousands, perhaps millions, of people quires. July 15, 2000, is not very far mon sense. It is military sense. It is being uprooted from their homes—men, away. Administration people—top peo- foreign policy sense. women, and children. A few men they ple at OMB—say it is unlikely that it We are leaders because of the actions would take away. can be done. They are saying it cer- we take. That is the position America Even before the air campaign, I met tainly cannot be done now, and I know is in. This debate, I think, is a real a family in Albania where they lifted some of my colleagues who supported tough one because there are two very grandpa up to cross the mountains the amendment in the committee had a popular Senators who are offering this along with lots of little kids—about different understanding about whether amendment. I know they don’t want to five of them—to cross the mountains to or not the certification of the allies win this battle based on their popu- try to protect themselves. It was a sad meeting their obligation could be done larity, I am sure, but the fact of the story they related. They got to Albania at this time. It can’t be. matter is this is a very important pol- to their relatives and slept on the floor If the Europeans fail to meet even icy decision. Proponents of this meas- and thought they were in heaven. one of the yardsticks, U.S. funds for ure argue that they are upholding the

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.012 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 role of the Congress in deciding when places, other than by authorizing and President, to withdraw U.S. troops and where to send our troops into appropriating funds to continue those from Kosovo in this year, or at the lat- harm’s way. deployments. est by July of 2001, hoping our allies I just gave you a list of some places The alternative in this bill would not will go on without us. If they fail to, where we have troops. We all know really leave it to the next President to are we ready to bring those pilots back that South Korea is on the border with decide whether to continue the deploy- and assemble our armada, when we North Korea, and our troops could very ment of U.S. troops in Kosovo, as the could avoid that? It is a mission that easily be in harm’s way. sponsors have asserted. Rather, section carries some danger, there is no doubt The President asked Congress to sup- 2410 requires that the pullout by July 1, about it. Our brave men and women are port his decision for U.S. Armed Forces 2001, essentially be a done deal during there to do that. They are well trained to participate in the NATO air cam- President Clinton’s term of office. and ready to take on the obligation. paign against Yugoslavia. Unlike the Do we want to do that? I have a short The issue we are deciding in the Sen- House, the Senate, on March 23, 1999, term remaining, and I share the same ate is about policy and about making on the eve of the first air strikes, schedule as the President. I am out of policy. What we do is immediately adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution office in just a few months. To say that strap the hands of the President and 21 authorizing U.S. participation in the my successor ought to do exactly what the military leaders in our country, a NATO air campaign. I have done, Heaven forbid, we would pretty bright group. We strap their The issue now is not authorization never consider that. Do we want to tie hands behind their backs and say: for offensive military action but con- the hands of the next President of the Sorry, we’ve decided to subject this to tinued deployment of U.S. troops in a United States? We don’t even know a perhaps appropriate political or peacekeeping mission that is carried which party that President will come power discussion. out with our NATO allies and other na- from. The policy now codified in this bill is tions. Under section 2410, this President, against the national security interests Congress has in the past used the President Clinton, must ‘‘develop a of the United States. constitutional power of the purse to plan, in consultation with appropriate Why should we support the continued support or to end U.S. participation in foreign governments, by which NATO deployment of U.S. forces in the peace- peacekeeping missions. For example, in member countries, with the exception keeping mission in Kosovo? Let me 1993, the Senate adopted an amendment of the United States, and appropriate give you some reasons. First, leadership. U.S. leadership in offered by the Senator from West Vir- non-NATO countries, will provide, not Europe and around the world does not ginia to cut off funding for the U.S. later than July 1, 2001, any and all just mean having modern and effective participation in peacekeeping oper- ground combat troops necessary to exe- armed forces backed by a nuclear de- ations in Somalia after the tragic cute Operation Joint Guardian or any terrent. U.S. leadership does not mean death of U.S. marines. The Congress successor operation in Kosovo.’’ just defending our territory, our citi- has never passed a joint resolution au- This President, President Clinton, zens at home, or our supply of foreign thorizing deployment of U.S. troops in must submit ‘‘an interim plan for the oil. U.S. leadership means standing up a peacekeeping mission and has never achievement of the plan’s objectives’’ for our interests and values and stand- before required the President to seek to Congress by September 30, 2000. That ing up for those who cannot themselves one. means President Clinton has to plan prevent genocide, as we have done and In fact, Congress has generally sup- for a pullout and prevail upon our al- should continue to do in Kosovo. ported U.S. deployments abroad by pro- lies to pick up the slack within the The second reason is burden-sharing. viding funding. In my view, that is next few months. United States aircraft, the best tech- what we should do right now for Oper- I am not trying to protect President nology flown by the best pilots, flew ation Joint Guardian in Kosovo. Clinton’s initiatives. I am trying to most of the missions in the air cam- Historically, when our armed forces protect the President’s initiative, who- paign against Yugoslavia, but many of have prevailed in war, we have counted ever that President may be. Whether it our allies were there with us providing on our armed forces to remain deployed is AL GORE or George W. Bush, our next aircraft, bases, and other critical re- to consolidate our victory, to keep the President would have to reverse course sources. hard won peace, to ensure that our val- to fulfill our small share of the burden The Europeans have agreed to bear ues of democracy and human rights are to keep the peace in Kosovo, to keep most of the burden of peacekeeping and respected. the soldiers, the brutes from attacking reconstruction in Kosovo, and while The distinguished Senator from Vir- the men and women. By the way, that some assistance has been slow in com- ginia knows that. He was in the mili- could be from the Albanians to the ing they are unquestionably doing the tary for some time. He headed one of Serbs, or the Serbs to the Albanians. lion’s share of the tasks we now face. our most important divisions of the Kosovo is a tinderbox. In my view, The United States contributes fewer military. He knows after a conflict is this part of the bill puts a fuse on that than 6,000 of more than 45,000 NATO over, we don’t just walk away, pack up tinderbox. If we pass it, we will light troops deployed in Kosovo for Oper- our bags, fold the tent, and go home. that fuse. ation Joint Guardian. This is more That is impossible. I hope my colleagues now understand than a token presence; we have accept- Remember, this whole military en- the issue posed by section 2410 of this ed responsibility for security in a sec- gagement started late because we bill. tor of Kosovo and have the robust force couldn’t get agreement among our It is not about burden-sharing. We necessary to do the job right without NATO allies. It was in March of last don’t need to threaten to pull our unnecessary risk. But this limited role year, just over a year ago. We are being troops out to make a point that the shows our allies that we understand asked to continue this operation. We Europeans need to fulfill their commit- the importance of doing our part to ought not put strings on it that impair ments to take a lead in the reconstruc- achieve a common interest. the ability of the President to make tion effort. The third reason is peace and sta- decisions. This is not about the prerogatives of bility in the Balkans and in Europe. After more than half a century, in Congress. We can exercise our rights by Maintaining a significant U.S. presence the war in which I was honored to providing or denying funds to continue in a robust, NATO-led force lets the serve, we still have the troops in Eu- to deploy. We have every right to do Serbs and the Kosovar Albanians know rope. I haven’t heard my colleagues de- that. that the future of Kosovo and its peo- manding we withdraw from those situ- This is not about presenting the next ple will not be determined by renewed ations unless explicitly authorized by a President with a decision on a national ethnic violence. Over time, and with a joint resolution in the Congress. In security issue, since it would instead strengthened civilian effort, this fact, in all of my years in this body, I present the next President with a fait should open the way to development of have never been asked to authorize the accompli, a done deal. civil society and self-government in deployment of United States forces in The issue now before the Senate is Kosovo and a negotiated solution on its Germany, Japan, Korea, or many other whether to force the President, this international status.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.014 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4127 Maintaining peace in Kosovo helps Mr. WARNER. I ask unanimous con- bodies in the aftermath of the fighting, prevent a wider war which could other- sent to speak for 2 minutes on my said: wise draw in NATO allies as combat- time. I calculate that the final figure of dead in ants. In contrast, withdrawal of U.S. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Kosovo will be 2,500 at the most. forces would likely weaken Operation BUNNING). The Senator from Virginia. The U.N. report came out and said Joint Guardian. The Kosovar Alba- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank the figure is closer to 2,000. There is a nians and the Serbs would instead my distinguished colleague. We have big difference between 2,000 dead and rearm and prepare to resume fighting been privileged to serve together for 100,000. I am involved in West Africa. I for control of territory once our allies many years. The Senator draws on per- can assure you, as I said on the floor join us on the sidelines. The killing we sonal experience, having served in back during this debate, for every one intervened to stop would eventually re- World War II in the concluding chap- killed there through ethnic cleansing sume, with devastating consequences. ters of the war in Europe. The Sen- and otherwise, 100 were killed in Sierra The fourth reason we should continue ator’s opinion, in my judgment, is to be Leone. That seemed to be the excuse our limited role in Operation Joint respected. I regret we are on different that was used for our intervention into Guardian is credibility. sides. that area. As I listened very carefully to the Mr. LAUTENBERG. Will the Senator If we show the world that we don’t speech, the theme time and time again yield for a question? have the resources or the political will was, our allies, our allies. And that is Mr. INHOFE. No, I will not yield un- to stay on the ground in Kosovo, then important. Senator BYRD yesterday re- less I yield on your time. all our potential enemies will believe counted the history from World War I I would like to have a better solution they can prevail simply by waiting us and World War II. Time and time than the solution that is in front us. out. We were far too reluctant to use again, we have always been in partner- Frankly, I think we should have done ground forces or even helicopters to ship with the allies for that portion of this some time ago, but this seems to stop the killing in the first place. Do Europe. We will do so in the future. be the only vehicle in town. There are we really want to cut and run now? We have 100,000 in NATO. Time and reasons we should not have been in- Finally, we should maintain our time again, I get the feeling that peo- volved in Kosovo. It is not in our vital forces in the peacekeeping mission in ple who are trying to strike this provi- national security interests. There is no Kosovo to maintain the NATO alliance sion have no confidence in the ability clear mission objective or schedule to which is vital to our national security. of the Congress of the United States, accomplish it. There is no exit strat- The nations of the European Union, acting at the direction and request of egy. in trying to deepen their unity, are de- the next President, to make a proper The thing that really concerns me veloping a European Security and De- decision for national security. more than anything else, as chairman fense Identity, or ESDI. We are at a Those who select a vote to take this of the Senate Armed Services Sub- critical juncture in the evolution of the out, think about your constituency: $2 committee on Readiness, is what this NATO, as we work to give the Euro- billion of taxpayers’ money expended has done to our state of readiness. I pean Union a stronger identity and on Kosovo; yet there is no conclusion have been saying since before we sent more autonomy within the alliance as to how this is going to be spent over the cruise missiles into Kosovo that rather than dividing it. Failing to stay the years, how long we will be there. the United States is in the most on the ground to address a threat to What we are trying to do is put some threatened position we have been in as European security would reinforce discipline in the Congress of the United a nation in this Nation’s history. I calls for Europe to make unilateral de- States to assume its responsibilities have been saying that for a long time. cisions on the use of military force. and to involve itself in a coequal way It finally was redeemed the other day— We must not undermine the unity of with the President of the United our chairman will remember this— purpose and unity of action that has States. That is not asking too much for when we had George Tenet, Director of been the strength of an alliance which hometown America which is supplying Central Intelligence, before our com- has been a mainstay of our national se- these dollars and supplying the men mittee. I made that statement. I asked curity for more than half a century. and women who proudly wear their him to respond live on C–SPAN. He said, yes, we are in the most threat- Mr. President, I hope my colleagues uniform. ened position we have been in as a na- will look at this in the context of other I yield the floor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time tion in the history of this country. decisions we have made about our mili- Why is that? It is because of three tary presence and its necessity. We will of the Senator has expired. Under the previous order, the Sen- things. First of all, we are at one-half look at it in terms of whether or not in ator from Oklahoma is recognized for the force strength that we were in 1991 this Chamber, in these offices, we are 12 minutes. during the Persian Gulf war. Second, making decisions that should be re- Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, as our we do not have a national missile de- served for the military. Let’s hear from chairman, Chairman WARNER, I lis- fense system. We were to have one de- them. We heard from General Clark, tened to the distinguished Senator ployed by fiscal year 1998, and through one of the brightest leaders we have from New Jersey talk about this issue. the President’s veto and his veto mes- had in the military in the history of While I do have the utmost respect for sages saying he is not going to put this country. He said this could be dis- him, I would have to say that one of more money into a national missile de- aster. Montenegro and other nearby the problems we had, getting into this fense system, in spite of the fact that countries could explode with mess to start with, was the grossly ex- in July of last year we passed a bill Milosevic’s ambition; he has been look- aggerated figures that were used. I be- that he signed into law with a veto- ing at Montenegro, salivating for the lieve the Senator used the number proof margin saying that is our No. 1 opportunity to get in that small divi- 100,000—100,000 has been batted around concern, we still do not have one. sion of Yugoslavia and absorb it. quite often. I am going to read into the But the third reason is all these de- So to maintain the strength of RECORD at this point from Robin Cook, ployments that have nothing to do NATO, to preserve our own credibility, the Foreign Secretary—this is October with our national security interests. I to keep the peace in the Balkans and of 1999. He is under pressure to answer can remember the first one that came Europe, to uphold our commitment to claims that ministers misled the public along. It was Bosnia. I went up to Bos- burden-sharing, and to demonstrate on the scale of deaths of civilians in nia. I knew the President was bound United States leadership, the United Kosovo: and determined to send our troops into States Senate should reject Section At the height of the war, western officials Bosnia. I knew we did not have the 2410 of the Military Construction Ap- spoke of a death toll as high as 100,000. Presi- spare troops to send in, that we could propriations bill. Instead we should dent Bill Clinton said the NATO campaign not respond to a crisis in the Middle support our Armed Forces deployed in had prevented ‘‘deliberate, systematic ef- East or North Korea if we were to con- Kosovo by voting for the Levin amend- forts at ethnic cleansing and genocide’’. tinue to make these deployments, so I ment. Emilio Perez Pujol, a pathologist went up to the northeast sector. I re- I thank the Chair and yield the floor. who led the Spanish team looking for member this so well because I was the

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 01:50 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.016 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 first American, civilian or military, up I can remember one of my many Hawley said that 5 weeks of bombing there. I went up there with a British trips. I have to say, I believe I have Yugoslavia have left the United States General named Rupert Smith, a color- been in the Balkans, both places, more munitions stocks critically short, not ful guy. He and I really enjoyed that than any other Member has. Normally just of air-launched cruise missiles as trip, going up, talking about what the I am by myself, to really try to deter- previously reported but also of another President promised the American peo- mine what is going on there. I remem- precision weapon, the Joint Direct At- ple. ber being in Tirana. Tirana is where all tack munition, that is JDAM, dropped If you remember, we had a resolution the refugees showed up. They were all by the B–2 bombers. of disapproval to stop the President pretty well dressed, but they were all If my colleagues go to the 21st from sending troops over there and get- upset with us. They said to me, ‘‘When TACOM in Germany, right down the ting involved. We lost it only by three are you going to do something about road from Ramstein, they will find— votes. We lost it because the President this?’’ I said, ‘‘Why should we do it?’’ that is where they handle the ground said all the troops they would send They said, ‘‘It’s your fault we had this logistics—that even before we went there, in December of 1995, would be ethnic cleansing.’’ into Kosovo, we were at 100-percent ca- home for Christmas 1996. This is not an I will quote out of the Washington pacity. I asked the question: What approximation. This is the commit- Post of March 31 of last year. They would happen if we had to respond to a ment the President made to the Amer- wrote: serious problem in the Persian Gulf ican people. For weeks before the NATO air campaign where we do have national security in- We knew that was not going to hap- against Yugoslavia, CIA Director Gen. Tenet terests? pen. So we tried this same thing before. had been forecasting that Serb-led Yugo- The response was: We would be 100- We tried at that time to say let’s just slavian forces might respond by accelerating percent dependent upon Guard and Re- draw a line in the sand at June of 1996; ethnic cleansing. serve. then June of 1997. We had the same de- Then Bill Cohen said: What has happened to our Guard and bate at that time. ‘‘No, they are going With respect to Director Tenet testifying Reserve as a result of all these deploy- to come back, but all in good time.’’ that the bombing could in fact accelerate ments? We have critical MOSs, mili- There is no end in sight in Bosnia. Milosevic’s plans, we also knew that. tary occupational specialities, because They are still there. So here we have This was live on Tirana television. they cannot be deployed 180 and 270 our people involved in an area with the They said: When are you—and I was the days out of a year and keep the jobs Croats and Serbs and Muslims. Then only American in the group—going to they have at home. you have the various other groups such do something about our plight? Be- Finally, I want to read one paragraph as the Arkan Tigers and Black Swans. cause it is your fault we had the ethnic of an article written by Henry Kis- The only thing all these groups have in cleansing. singer which says: common is they all hate us, hate that Anyway, I think one of the bigger President Clinton has justified American we are over there. We lost our resolu- issues is the fact we are diluting our tion of disapproval by three votes. troop deployments in Kosovo on the grounds scarce resources. I will quote the com- that ethnic conflict in Yugoslavia threatens I have tried to determine how much ments by Henry Kissinger. He said at ‘‘Europe’s stability and future.’’ Other ad- we have spent in Bosnia alone. The that time: ministration spokesmen have compared the most conservative figure will be $13 bil- Each incremental deployment into the challenge to that of Hitler’s threat to Euro- lion. When you consider everything Balkans is bound to weaken our ability to pean security. Neither statement does jus- that has to go with it in terms of deal with Saddam Hussein and North Korea. tice to Balkan realities. ground logistics support, it is consider- He said: I ask unanimous consent that at the ably more than that. conclusion of my remarks the article Then along came Kosovo. I knew the The proposed deployment to Kosovo does not deal with any threat to American secu- be printed in the RECORD. same thing was going to happen. This rity.... The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without President has an obsession for sending Kosovo is no more a threat to America objection, it is so ordered. our troops into places where we do not than Haiti was to Europe. (See Exhibit 1.) have any national security interests. So I know a lot of lies got us into Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I thank So I went over to Kosovo. It is not a this thing. I remember they rewrote my colleagues for this time. hard place to go across; it is only 75 history, saying if we do not go in there, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- miles across. I went by myself, one in- we are going to have another world war ator’s time has expired. dividual with me. As I went across because that is the way World War I Mr. INHOFE. I want to have a better Kosovo, I only saw one dead person, started and that is the way World War solution, but this is the only solution and that was a Serb, a Serb soldier who II started. there is. I urge my colleagues to sup- had been killed by an Albanian. Again quoting from Kissinger’s book: port this for the state of readiness of I rounded one corner and looked The Second World War did not start in the our Nation. down the barrel of a rocket launcher, Balkans, much less as a result of its ethnic EXHIBIT 1 and it was held by an Albanian. Of conflicts. some 92 mosques that are there, only 1 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 22, 1999] He wrote: was burning. CNN had pictures of it (By Henry Kissinger) from every angle. When you got back World War I started in the Balkans not as NO U.S. GROUND FORCES FOR KOSOVO—LEAD- a result of ethnic conflicts but for precisely to the United States, you thought ERSHIP DOESN’T MEAN THAT WE MUST DO the opposite reason: because outside powers EVERYTHING OURSELVES. every mosque in Kosovo was burning. intervened in a local conflict. The assassina- President Clinton’s announcement that It was a propaganda effort deliberately tion of the Crown Prince of Austria—an im- some 4,000 American troops will join a NATO to make the American people believe perial power—by a Serbian nationalist led to force of 28,000 to help police a Kosovo agree- things were going on there that were a world war because Russia backed Serbia ment faces all those concerned with long- and France backed Russia while Germany not going on there. range American national security policy supported Austria. What has happened since then, I with a quandary. might add, speaking of us, on this Sen- That is exactly what we are doing. Having at once time shared responsibility ate floor I showed pictures and docu- We have rubbed Russia’s nose in this for national security policy and the extri- mented, since the Albanians are now thing because we have gotten involved cation from Vietnam, I am profoundly un- on top, they have burned to the ground in this thing, creating another serious easy about the proliferation of open-ended a minimum of 52—and we have pictures problem facing our Nation. We are now American commitments involving the de- of all 52—Serb Christian Orthodox down to where we have diluted the ployment of U.S. forces. American forces are churches, most of them built prior to in harm’s way in Kosovo, Bosnia and the forces. General Richard Hawley, who at gulf. They lack both a definition of strategic the 15th century. If you do not have that time, in 1999, headed the Air Com- purpose by which success can be measured any sensitivity to the religious aspect bat Command, said: and an exit strategy. In the case of Kosovo, of this, look at the historic aspect. The Air Force...would be hard-pressed the concern is that America’s leadership Nonetheless, this is the propaganda ef- to handle a second war in the Middle East or would be impaired by the refusal of Congress fort that got us over there. Korea. to approve American participation in the

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.019 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4129 NATO force that has come into being largely What is described by the administration as a security problem, it is to Europe, largely be- as a result of a diplomacy conceived and ‘‘strong peace agreement’’ is likely to be at cause of the refugees the conflict might gen- spurred by Washington. best the overture to another, far more com- erate, as the president has pointed out. Thus, in the end, Congress may feel it has plicated set of conflicts. Kosovo is no more a threat to America than little choice but to go along. In any event, Ironically, the projected peace agreement Haiti was to Europe—and we never asked for its formal approval is not required. But Con- increases the likelihood of the various pos- NATO support there. The nearly 300 million gress needs to put the administration on no- sible escalations sketched by the president Europeans should be able to generate the tice that it is uneasy about being repeatedly as justification for a U.S. deployment. An ground forces to deal with 2.3 million confronted with ad hoc military missions. independent Albanian Kosovo surely would Kosovars. To symbolize Allied unity on larg- The development and articulation of a com- seek to incorporate the neighboring Alba- er issues, we should provide logistics, intel- prehensive strategy is imperative if we are nian minorities—mostly in Macedonia—and ligence and air support. But I see no need for to avoid being stretched too thin in the face perhaps even Albania itself. And a Macedo- U.S. ground forces; leadership should not be of other foreseeable and militarily more dan- nian conflict would land us precisely back in interpreted to mean that we must do every- gerous challenges. the Balkan wars of earlier in this century. thing ourselves. Before any future deployments take place, Will Kosovo then become the premise for a Sooner or later, we must articulate the we must be able to answer these questions: NATO move into Macedonia, just as the de- American capability to sustain a global pol- What consequences are we seeking to pre- ployment in Bosnia is invoked as justifica- icy. The failure to do so landed us in the vent? What goals are we seeking to achieve? tion for the move into Kosovo? Is NATO to Vietnam morass. Even if one stipulates an In what way do they serve the national in- be the home for a whole series of Balkan American strategic interest in Kosovo terest? NATO protectorates? (which I do not), we must take care not to President Clinton has justified American What confuses the situation even more is stretch ourselves too thin in the face of far troop deployments in Kosovo on the ground that the American missions in Bosnia and less ambiguous threats in the Middle East that ethnic conflict in Yugoslavia threatens Kosovo are justified by different, perhaps in- and Northeast Asia. ‘‘Europe’s stability and future.’’ Other ad- compatible, objectives. In Bosnia, American Each incremental deployment into the ministration spokesmen have compared the deployment is being promoted as a means to Balkans is bound to weaken our ability to challenge to that of Hitler’s threat to Euro- unite Croats, Muslims and Serbs into a sin- deal with Saddam Hussein and North Korea. pean security. Neither statement does jus- gle state. Serbs and Croats prefer to practice The psychological drain may be even more tice to Balkan realities. self-determination but are being asked to grave. Each time we make a peripheral de- The proposed deployment in Kosovo does subordinate their preference to the geo- ployment, the administration is constrained not deal with any threat to American secu- political argument that a small Muslim Bos- to insist that the danger to American forces rity as traditionally conceived. The threat- nian state would be too precarious and is minimal—the Kosovo deployment is offi- ening escalations sketched by the presi- irredentist. But in Kosovo, national self-de- cially described as a ‘‘peace implementation dent—to Macedonia or Greece and Turkey— termination is invoked to produce a tiny force.’’ are in the long run more likely to result state nearly certain to be irredentist. Such comments have two unfortunate con- from the emergence of a Kosovo state. Since neither traditional concepts of the sequences. They increase the impression Nor is the Kosovo problem new. Ethnic national interest nor U.S. security impel the among Americans that military force can be conflict has been endemic in the Balkans for deployment, the ultimate justification is the used casualty-free, and they send a signal of centuries. Waves of conquests have laudable and very American goal of easing weakness to potential enemies. For in the congealed divisions between ethnic groups human suffering. This is why, in the end, I end, our forces will be judged on how ade- and religions, between the Eastern Orthodox went along with the Dayton agreement in so quate they are for peace imposition, not and Catholic faiths; between Christianity far as it ended the war by separating the peace implementation. and Islam; between the heirs of the Austrian contending forces. But I cannot bring myself I always am inclined to support the incum- and Ottoman empires. to endorse American ground forces in bent administration in a forceful assertion of Through the centuries, these conflicts have Kosovo. the national interest. And as a passionate been fought with unparalleled ferocity be- In Bosnia, the exit strategy can be de- believer in the NATO alliance, I make the cause none of the populations has any expe- scribed. The existing dividing lines can be distinctions between European and American rience with—and essentially no belief in— made permanent. Failure to do so will re- security interests in the Balkans with the Western concepts of toleration. Majority quire their having to be manned indefinitely utmost reluctance. But support for a strong rule and compromise that underlie most of unless we change our objective to self-deter- foreign policy and a strong NATO surely will the proposals for a ‘‘solution’’ never have mination and permit each ethnic group to evaporate if we fail to anchor them in a clear found an echo in the Balkans. decide its own fate. definition of the national interest and im- Moreover, the projected Kosovo agreement In Kosovo, that option does not exist. part a sense of direction to our foreign policy is unlikely to enjoy the support of the par- There are no ethnic dividing lines, and both in a period of turbulent change. ties for a long period of time. For Serbia, ac- sides claim the entire territory. America’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- quiescing under the threat of NATO bom- attitude toward the Serb’s attempts to insist bardment, it involves nearly unprecedented on their claim has been made plain enough; ator from Ohio, under a previous order, international intercession. Yugoslavia, a it is the threat of bombing. But how do we is recognized. sovereign state, is being asked to cede con- and NATO react to Albanian transgressions Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I seek trol and in time sovereignty of a province and irredentism? Are we prepared to fight 50 seconds. I thank the Senator from containing its national shrines to foreign both sides and for how long? In the face of Oklahoma. Underlying this is clearly military force. issues such as these, the unity of the contact the readiness issue. It is not just the Though President Slobodan Milosevic has group of powers acting on behalf of NATO is Kosovo operation, but it is how our much to answer for, especially in Bosnia, he likely to dissolve. Russia surely will increas- troops are spread throughout the is less the cause of the conflict in Kosovo ingly emerge as the supporter of the Serbian than an expression of it. On the need to re- point of view. world. We are speaking in this amend- tain Kosovo, Serbian leaders—including We must take care not to treat a humani- ment to a discipline that could well Milosevic’s domestic opponents—seem tarian foreign policy as a magic recipe for apply to the next mission, wherever it united. For Serbia, current NATO policy the basic problem of establishing priorities may be, or an existing mission. It is means either dismemberment of the country in foreign policy. The president’s statements simply the accountability of the Con- or postponement of the conflict to a future ‘‘that we can make a difference’’ and that gress of the United States in the ex- date when, according to the NATO proposal, ‘‘America symbolizes hope and resolve’’ are penditure of these funds to exercise a the future of the province will be decided. exhortations, not policy prescriptions. Do voice. I yield the floor. The same attitude governs the Albanian they mean that America’s military power is side. The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is available to enable every ethnic or religious The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fighting for independence, not autonomy. group to achieve self-determination? Is ator from Ohio is recognized for 10 min- But under the projected agreement, Kosovo, NATO to become the artillery for ethnic con- utes under a previous order. now an integral part of Serbia, is to be made flict? If Kosovo, why not East Africa or Cen- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I wonder an autonomous and self-governing entity tral Asia? And would a doctrine of universal if the Senator will yield 30 seconds to within Serbia, which, however, will remain humanitarian intervention reduce or in- the Senator from New Jersey. responsible for external security and even crease suffering by intensifying ethnic and Mr. DEWINE. I will. exercise some unspecified internal police religious conflict? What are the limits of Mr. LEVIN. Parliamentary inquiry: functions. A plebiscite at the end of three such a policy and by what criteria is it es- Is the time just used by my good friend years is to determine the region’s future. tablished? The KLA is certain to try to use the cease- In my view, that line should be drawn at from Virginia taken from the other fire to expel the last Serbian influences from American ground forces for Kosovo. Euro- side? the province and drag its feet on giving up peans never tire of stressing the need for The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is its arms. And if NATO resists, it may come greater European autonomy. Here is an occa- taken from the time of the Senator under attack itself—perhaps from both sides. sion to demonstrate it. If Kosovo presents a from Virginia.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.003 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4130 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 Mr. WARNER. I advised the Chair and resources away from important de- The current administration, for ex- when I arrived this morning that all fense activities to pay for its peace- ample, could not convince the House of my comments will be charged to the keeping operations. Representatives to authorize airstrikes Chair. For example, the administration over Serbia. There simply are no guar- Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I knew before the end of last year when antees that Congress will act in 14 say in response to the commentary of we were negotiating the remaining ap- months. the Senator from Oklahoma, I talked propriations bills that they were plan- Congressional inaction over the next of hundreds of thousands. If the Sen- ning to keep our forces in Kosovo for year could result in a dramatic change ator listened carefully, I talked about the duration of the fiscal year. They in policy that would create uncertainty displacement, and I talked about move- knew it but did nothing in the budget and undermine our credibility with ments. I did not talk about deaths. We about it, except to put a number of NATO and with our own troops. Fos- can get the number of deaths from the readiness and operational projects on tering that kind of uncertainty about records. I want to make sure that is hold at reduced funding levels. That U.S. resolve is not what is intended but clearly understood. practice has become the standard prac- that, sadly, could be the result. That The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tice in recent years. That practice result, that uncertainty, will, I believe, ator from Ohio. needs to change. We should debate the create a more dangerous situation for Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise cost of operations before the oper- our troops for the next 14 months. today to express my strong support for ations. We should debate the cost be- The fact is that our credibility as a the Levin amendment which would fore the beginning of each fiscal year leader in the international community strike the Byrd-Warner provision re- and not do this back-door funding. is predicated on a shared commitment garding U.S. troop withdrawal from I do understand the motives of the to the stability and growth of democ- Kosovo. As my colleagues know, the proponents of this provision. I under- racy and free markets on the European Byrd-Warner provision includes lan- stand what they are trying to accom- continent. guage designed to ensure our allies in plish. They have good reason to be We cannot reach these goals through NATO provide their fair share of the frustrated, but this is not a debate arbitrary, unilateral deadlines. We can- peacekeeping burden in Kosovo. This about motive but, rather, one about not reach these goals by placing the certainly is an important goal, and I method. It is the method that will be next administration in the position of understand the Europeans right now employed under this language that shaping foreign policy in response to a are meeting the requirements outlined deeply troubles me. What concerns me congressionally imposed deadline rath- in the Byrd-Warner provision. most about this provision is that it er than on current and future world Frankly, I believe a great deal of the sets an arbitrary deadline for the with- events. In essence, we cannot allow our credit for this great accomplishment drawal of U.S. forces from Kosovo. The foreign policy to run on autopilot. goes to my friend and colleague from deadline is not based on any goals that I say to my colleagues, if they be- Virginia, Senator WARNER. He has dem- would make it possible for the reduc- lieve we should withdraw our troops, onstrated unfailing dedication and tion of forces in the region. This arbi- there is ample opportunity to have an commitment to this very important trary deadline signals to the Albanians up-or-down vote on that at any time. We could do it today. We could do it in burdensharing issue. Senator WARNER the limits to our commitment for pro- traveled to Kosovo in January of this viding for their protection. This, in 14 months. We could do it in July of year and saw firsthand that the Euro- turn, could give them cause to rearm the year 2001. That is the right way for peans needed to share a larger portion and prepare to protect themselves from us to exercise our power. I believe this is the wrong action be- of the burden in the Balkans. Because what they would view as an inevitable cause what this does is, in essence, say of his efforts in the short time since his Serbian reentry. In essence, this provi- that Congress may never directly vote visit to Kosovo, the proportion of Euro- sion would undermine our current ef- on this issue. Members can vote for pean involvement has changed consid- forts to achieve stability in the region and could give the despotic Milosevic this language which would provide that erably. In fact, currently U.S. troops the victory he could not achieve on the our troops would automatically have now make up 5,900 of the 39,000-member battlefield. to come out in July of the year 2001 if NATO peacekeeping force. U.S. in- The fact is, in the delicate and com- Congress took no action. Members volvement accounts for 15 percent of plex world of foreign affairs, one thing could vote for this, and then Congress the overall peacekeeping effort, and should always be clear: As a nation, we could take absolutely no action and we the Europeans are carrying the bulk of should demonstrate to our allies the would never have a direct vote on the the effort on the civilian side. This is a certainty of our resolve, and we must issue. victory for Senator WARNER. I believe demonstrate that same resolve to our I believe that is the wrong way to ap- we have to pause for a moment today enemies, while at the same time mak- proach this issue. I believe that if to congratulate him on a job very well ing our enemies uncertain as to how Members believe our troops should be done. and when we will exercise that resolve. withdrawn, they have ample oppor- I also agree with the Senator from Unfortunately, what this provision tunity to have an up-or-down vote on Virginia, Mr. WARNER, and the distin- does is just the opposite. It makes our this at any time they wish to do it. guished ranking member of the Appro- allies uncertain and signals to our ad- I believe the uncertainty that will be priations Committee, Senator BYRD, versaries what we will do and what we created over the next 14 months by the that Congress needs to assert itself will not do. insertion of this language into law will more in foreign affairs. Congress can The proponents of this provision have create a very difficult and untenable and Congress should engage more in argued this is really all about process. position for our troops and for our the kinds of debate over foreign policy Respectfully, I disagree. This debate is country in the conduct of American issues such as the one we are having about whether Congress will use sound foreign policy. today and should work harder to shape judgment in the exercise of power. I be- I thank my colleague for the time U.S. defense and foreign policy. The lieve the Byrd-Warner provision is not and yield the floor. last 7 years of drift in foreign affairs a wise use of congressional power. By The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- has demonstrated the need for Con- voting for this provision, we will be ex- ator from Virginia. gress to reassert its constitutional role ercising our power arbitrarily and set- Mr. WARNER. I yield myself 30 sec- in shaping American foreign policy. ting ourselves on a course toward the onds. I also share the very legitimate con- removal of U.S. troops in Kosovo in 14 I, again, thank my distinguished col- cerns expressed by the distinguished months. league for his contribution to this very chairman of the Appropriations Com- The next President would be placed important debate, and particularly to mittee, Senator STEVENS, about the in the position of having to convince his thoughtful references to this hum- way the current administration funds Congress to change the policy, to act. ble Senator, but I must say that I re- our peacekeeping activities. We find We have sadly found many times that spectfully disagree. ourselves repeatedly in a situation in to get this Congress to act is very dif- The time has come when we have to which the administration draws funds ficult. speak to the people of the United

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.022 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4131 States who are constantly giving us Berlin a year ago. The British Par- bility of the U.S. Government to inter- this money—to expend $2 billion in this liament gave its assent. The National national security or the defense of free- instance—to provide for the men and Assembly in Paris and the Italian Par- dom—which of our NATO allies? Fifty- women in uniform, who march off in liament have had their debate. This five years after the close of World War harm’s way. This is simply a procedure Congress, unlike the great democracies II, tens of millions of American young by which to speak on behalf of this in Europe, has remained silent. Is our men and women have served in western constituency and not just always our Constitution less? Do our people exer- Europe. Our presence remains, at an allies abroad. But I thank the Senator. cise less powers through their elected expenditure of hundreds of billions of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- representatives than those in Germany dollars. Who among our NATO allies ator from Michigan. or Italy or France? could rise and say that our credibility Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I also Many Members have risen to talk is in question? But for the United yield myself 30 seconds to thank my about Kosovo. I rise to talk about the States, there would have been no oper- good friend from Ohio for a very United States. There has been great ation in Bosnia or in Kosovo. It was thoughtful statement. He has put his concern for the NATO treaty. As did made possible by the U.S. Government. finger on the heart of the matter, my colleagues from Virginia and West This Government’s credibility is not which is that Congress, by acting now, Virginia, I rise because I am concerned at issue. Fifty years after the war in putting on automatic pilot a with- about our Constitution. Korea, we and we alone remain on the drawal of forces a year from now, un- I believe there is a legitimate role for line to defend freedom. A decade after less action is taken later on, creates a the United States in Kosovo. I strongly the war in the Persian Gulf, often we very dangerous year of uncertainty believe in the NATO treaty. The United and we alone remain resolute in defi- which threatens the success of this States has met its responsibilities ance of Saddam Hussein. Twelve years mission as well as our alliance. under the NATO treaty. after the destruction at Lockerbie, we It was an extremely thoughtful state- Strictly defined, that treaty was for alone have to convince our allies to re- ment, which I hope all of our col- the defense of Western Europe from ex- main strong against Libya. We alone leagues had an opportunity to hear. I ternal threats. By necessity, it was often maintain vigilance against those thank the Senator. properly expanded at the end of the few remaining Communist states where The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cold war to include legitimate internal freedom is eclipsed. The credibility of ator from Virginia. threats to European order. the U.S. Government is not at issue. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I be- The United States was not a partici- What is at issue is the constitutional lieve the distinguished Senator from pant in dealing with that threat. We prerogatives of this institution. It re- New Jersey is to be recognized for a pe- were a leader. Not a single European mains a question of Europe meeting re- riod on my time of 8 minutes. soldier would have been in Kosovo or sponsibilities not for crisis response, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Bosnia but for the U.S. Air Force. None which we share under NATO, but for ator from New Jersey is recognized for of it could have been supported but for maintaining order on a near permanent 8 minutes. the U.S. Army. None of it would have basis. It is not an issue of credibility. Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. President, I been viable but for the U.S. Govern- There is a fourth issue. Kosovo is not thank the Senator from Virginia for ment. Our responsibilities were met. the last crisis this Government is going yielding the time. I commend the Sen- But expanding the NATO treaty to to deal with in international order or ator from Virginia and my colleague, include internal threats to Europe was maintaining peace and stability. Senator BYRD from West Virginia, in one thing—legitimate, in my judg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bringing this issue before the Senate. ment—but expanding the NATO treaty ator’s time has expired. Before discussing Kosovo, or the pro- to deal with permanent control of Mr. TORRICELLI. May I have an- visions of the NATO treaty, there is order and peacekeeping is another. other 30 seconds? something more paramount that I believe we have met our respon- Mr. WARNER. I yield the Senator an- should come before the Senate. It is sibilities. I believe it is incumbent other minute. not a treaty with a foreign nation or upon a new administration, next year, Mr. TORRICELLI. A future American obligations in another land but our to return to this Congress and make President is going to have to factor in, own Constitution and our own respon- the case, if it is possible, that it is nec- in responding to a crisis in Asia or sibilities in this country. essary on an ongoing basis to have a North Africa or the Middle East, that For too long, the foreign policy and near-permanent presence in Kosovo— American ships and planes are on sta- military powers of the Congress have no longer a crisis—now maintaining tion supporting operations in Kosovo, been yielded to the executive. This order. not dealing with a crisis but on a police Congress has not been a jealous guard- It is not too much to ask the admin- patrol. The number of forces may not ian of its own constitutional preroga- istration to make that case or this be great, but, indeed, our resources are tives. Congress to meet its responsibilities very strained. Is it fair to this country, Under our system of government and and act affirmatively upon the judg- the security of the United States, that its Constitution, the military and for- ment. It will, in truth, not be an easy we will have to at some point forgo de- eign policy powers are shared between case to make. fending interests elsewhere because our the executive and the legislative Kosovo is a nation of a mere 2 mil- forces are substituting what Europe branches. By necessity, the Com- lion people. This long after the war in should be doing in Kosovo? mander in Chief must have the ability Kosovo, it must be made in a case to No, Mr. President, our credibility is to deploy troops and make command this Congress that 300 million Euro- not at issue, nor our resolve. Whether decisions in emergencies. Often there is peans, with a gross national product or not this generation of Senators and not time to consult, certainly not time larger than the United States, with Members of the House defend its pre- to receive permission. But the power combined government resources in ex- rogatives under the Constitution is at remains shared because we have the re- cess of the United States, are unable to issue. sponsibility for the resources of the maintain these modest numbers of I commend the gentleman from Vir- Government. troops to maintain order within their ginia for bringing this before the Sen- The unfolding events in Kosovo that own borders, on their own continent, ate. threaten to go not a matter of months for their own purposes. It is not a ques- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I yield but many years—even more than a dec- tion of our unwillingness to respond to myself 30 seconds. ade—does not require emergency pow- crises or threats, but to learn to sepa- I thank the distinguished Senator ers. There is no shortage of time. There rate the crisis response from the near from New Jersey. This clearly shows is an opportunity for our Constitution permanent presence to maintain order. this is a bipartisan issue. It is not a po- to function and for the President to re- The final point made against this litical issue. We are not directing any- turn to this Chamber. amendment is the most extraordinary thing at our President. We are direct- We are now having the debate in this of all, that our credibility is at issue. ing it solely, as my distinguished col- Chamber. The Bundestag had theirs in Who could rise to challenge the credi- league said, at fulfilling our duties

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.024 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 under the Constitution. I am grateful guage of S. 2521. It says: None of the do those military operations, that we for his pointing out that the United funds appropriated or otherwise made were not willing to walk away from the States, in the Korean conflict, where available shall be available for the con- ethnic cleansing in Kosovo because we have had a large number of nations, tinued deployment of U.S. combat that would have been walking away stands alone today. In Iraq, we stand troops in Kosovo after July 1, 2001, un- from the very investment in peace and alone with Great Britain containing less and until the President does some- freedom for which we paid so dearly. It that situation, after a dozen allies in thing. troubles me, then, to say that today 1991 helped us with that conflict. What does the President have to do? some of the most stalwart supporters I yield the floor. He has to submit a report to Congress of our efforts in Kosovo only a year ago Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I yield 10 asking for the money to be spent but, would now say that we should effec- minutes to the Senator from Massa- most importantly, describing the spe- tively put into gear the process of chusetts. cific progress made in implementing a walking away from whatever respon- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- plan. sibilities may remain in terms of how ator from Massachusetts is recognized What is the plan the President has to we adequately finish the job. for 10 minutes. describe to Congress on which he is I share the frustration of my col- Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank making progress? The plan refers to a leagues that our European allies, the Chair and the Senator from Michi- subsection (b). If we turn to it, it says whose own stability is so closely tied gan. very specifically: to peace in the Balkans, have not met In the 16 years I have been here, I The President shall develop a plan, in con- their obligations to the Kosovo peace- have debated a number of these issues sultation with appropriate foreign govern- keeping effort as swiftly and as deftly with my colleague from Virginia. We ments, by which NATO member countries, as we would like. I want to underscore have debated a number of different in- with the exception of the United States, and appropriate non-NATO countries will pro- that I think the efforts of Senator cursions in various countries, involve- vide, not later than July 1, 2001, any and all BYRD and Senator WARNER have helped ment of U.S. troops abroad. There are ground combat troops necessary to execute to place that responsibility squarely in few people in the Senate I respect as Operation Joint Guardian or any successor front of them. much or have as much affection for as operation in Kosovo. Let me ask a simple question of my the Senator from Virginia, whose That means, according to the plan he colleagues. If restoring the peace in knowledge and patriotism are abso- must now begin to put into effect, he Kosovo was in our interest 1 year ago, lutely unquestionable on subjects such must report to us how far along we are isn’t preserving the peace in Kosovo in as this. in getting out. There are quarterly tar- our interest today? I don’t believe you I, as a veteran of Vietnam and as get dates that that plan requires us to can separate those obligations. I think somebody who came back from that establish, with 3-month intervals, the answer is resoundingly yes, it is in war to argue about Congress’s capacity achieving an orderly transition. There our interest today. Some people may and prerogatives to make judgments is an interim plan for achieving the ob- rethink their vote, and that is per- about our involvement there, have jectives not later than September 30, fectly legitimate. Some people may be- nothing but respect for the position he 2000, and then there is the final plan. lieve that they misinterpreted that na- espouses today about congressional We are, in effect, being asked to vote tional interest, and they should explain prerogative. It exists. We should re- today on a plan for withdrawal. We are it as such. But I don’t understand how spect it. It is a critical component of stating our intention that, absent a fu- this country can clearly define its in- the balance of power in this country. It ture vote at some later time, which has terest in Europe for the 50 years since is entirely appropriate that Senator been met with a succession of interim World War II and maintain hundreds of BYRD and Senator WARNER ask the stages of withdrawal, we will have a thousands of troops in Europe in order Senate to make a judgment about our vote on appropriations. to make clear our determination to troops. We should do no less. We owe I say to my colleagues, that is not stay with that peace effort and not be the American people that judgment. the way to deal with foreign policy willing to keep 5,000-plus troops in That is one of the great prerogatives of generally. It is certainly not the way Kosovo, which we all deem to be a com- the Senate. to deal with this specific issue. Why is ponent of our European interests. I What they are asking the Senate to it not the way to deal with this specific don’t understand that. do is, in effect, to make the judgment issue? Well, effectively, we are being Are we suggesting that we are not today that we have reached our limit asked to vote today as to whether or willing to bear any of those risks? Now, with respect to the current involve- not we think the investment we made I understand as well as anybody the ment in Kosovo and we are going to set in the war itself is worthwhile. post-Vietnam syndrome and the sort of up a structure for withdrawal. They On March 23, 1999, I joined with 57 of nervousness people have about putting argue: not at all; there is a vote down our colleagues to vote that we thought troops in harm’s way. But I am con- the road as to whether or not we will there was something worthwhile doing fident that most of my colleagues who appropriate money. But in point of in Kosovo. And we voted to support a have worn the uniform will share with fact, the way this amendment is struc- resolution that authorized the Presi- me the belief that that is what you put tured, the message is clear: The vote is dent to conduct military operations it on for, and that being in the military now; the choice is whether or not we against the Federal Republic of Yugo- is not a cakewalk to get your GI bill so believe we should continue to be in- slavia. I did so because I believed then, that you can ride on the benefits for volved. as I believe now, that the U.S. national the rest of your life; it is assuming cer- I do not question that there are as- interest and stability throughout Eu- tain risks. Sometimes in the national pects of this involvement that I think rope is unquestionable and that the op- interest of our country—maybe not the are not necessarily well thought out pression and thuggery of the Milosevic vital security interest, but in a secu- even today. I think there are divisions regime not only threatened that sta- rity interest, or some level of inter- between the ethnic parties in Kosovo bility throughout Europe, but it posed est—there are sometimes risks that we that we have not properly thought an unacceptable challenge to the hu- have to be willing to bear to achieve through as to how we resolve them in manitarian values of the American our goals. the long run. There are aspects of the people. The price of leadership that we have risks we are asking young American Mr. President, this Nation com- spent so much of our treasure earning troops, male and female, to bear with mitted 50 years and trillions of dollars is not cheap. You can’t fulfill the obli- which I am uncomfortable. to protecting the security of Europe gations that we have in the world on I am not suggesting there aren’t through the Marshall Plan. Half a mil- the fly. You can’t do it on the cheap. I ways to strengthen our approach to lion American troops served in Europe know there are certain questions of this, both our responsibilities and Eu- to preserve the peace won by our fa- readiness and other questions, but ropean responsibilities. But—here is thers and grandfathers in World War II. there are many choices we make with the ‘‘but’’—I ask my colleagues to look I respectfully suggest that the Senate respect to the entire military budget, at the law as it is set forth in the lan- effectively decided, when we voted to national missile defense, and others

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.029 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4133 that bear significantly on where we Contrary to the rumors, and even as what this amendment does. It is not spend money and how we spend money. stated by my good friend from Massa- because the Europeans don’t have the I believe that we won an enormously chusetts who has interpreted this as a resources or cannot get the resources. important victory in terms of the val- step to withdraw, the Byrd-Warner This debate has gone on, and they have ues that drive our foreign policy and on amendment makes specific provisions been willing to let the United States of which this country is founded. I think for Congress to continue American America shoulder the majority of the 5,000 troops, the lack of losses, and the presence beyond July 1, 2001. The proc- costs of the operation. As long as some- extraordinary accomplishments we ess outlined is orderly but it will re- body in the administration stands up have gained in this region over the last quire planning by the administration and says we will always do it, then we years say to us that even with the dif- and the type of public debate expected will always have to do it. But, we can- ficulties, this is a policy that, meas- in a democracy. not be the police force for the world ured against the risk to our troops, is Without the Byrd-Warner amend- community. worth pursuing. ment, the administration is taking It is time to give our good friends, I ask my colleagues to measure very congressional appropriations as a tacit the European allies, the opportunity to carefully whether or not they are pre- approval by the Congress for American demonstrate to the world their support pared today to send a message to involvement in Kosovo. In these cir- for true democracy in the face of a dic- Milosevic, as well as our allies, that we cumstances, by approving emergency tator that was overstepping his bounds are not willing to stand the test of supplemental funding to continue our in the region of the Balkans. time with respect to those obligations presence in that area, Congress can be I urge my colleagues to support this and responsibilities. seen as avoiding its responsibilities amendment. It is well thought out, and I thank the Chair. under the Constitution. needs our full support. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, the In the first place, we are not properly I yield the floor. next speaker will be the distinguished exercising our Constitutional responsi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Senator from Montana, Mr. BURNS, for bility for the power of the purse as ator from Virginia. 7 minutes. vested in the Congress. United States Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, we are Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, if the Sen- presence in Kosovo, without congres- alternating between those who wish to ator will yield for 30 seconds, I thank sional scrutiny and affirmative en- strike the provision and those who the Senator from Massachusetts for dorsement, does not meet our duties to wish to retain it. the contribution he just made, pointing the American people that their voices I see Senator LEVIN is prepared to ac- out with extreme accuracy that, No. 1, be heard through congressional rep- cept a speaker from his side. this is not an issue of the prerogative resentation. Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, we would of the Senate—we have the prerogative Administration officials have repeat- be happy for their side to go forward. to do this if we choose to exercise it— edly spent defense funds for these de- We have many other speakers, but they but raising the question: Is it wise this ployments. Afterwards, they come are still on their way. year to set a deadline for the with- back to the Congress and ask us to pay Mr. WARNER. We are trying to con- drawal of troops next year and the dan- bills that are improperly—and some duct this in an orderly debate. I hope gers that will ensue in the interim both would say illegally—incurred. This some from their side will begin to ap- to the troops, the alliance, and to the process must stop. pear. cause for which they fought? His expe- Our effort to uphold the Constitution Mr. LEVIN. We are going to have too rience, both in war and in peace, has will not undermine the troops in the many on our side to speak with little been invaluable and his contribution field. There is ample time under the time to do it. this morning is very clear. I thank him amendment for rational implementa- Mr. WARNER. We have the same sit- for that. tion while still imposing the account- uation. Senators FEINGOLD, THOMAS, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ability required by our laws. and CLELAND are on the floor waiting ator from Montana is recognized. Some opposed to the Byrd-Warner to speak in support of the Byrd-Warner Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, We are amendment say we should not even amendment. setting an all-time record for spending have this debate, and that the timing I yield the floor. I yield to Senator Senate time on the military construc- is wrong. But when is it a good time to FEINGOLD 7 minutes. tion bill this year. Never has it taken intercede? The Congress has been pa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this long to pass military construction. tient with the administration in ator from Wisconsin. Since this bill is under my manage- Kosovo. But we, too, have responsibil- Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I rise ment, I am not real happy about the ities under the Constitution, especially in opposition to the Levin amendment precedent that we are setting. when it comes to spending money. and in support of the Warner-Byrd I do want to rise in support of the Today is the day we step up to the amendment to the military construc- Byrd-Warner amendment. This debate plate to face those responsibilities. tion appropriations bill. today is not about withdrawal, or even The amendment shifts the responsi- The Warner-Byrd amendment to the the continued deployment, of our bility for determining our future in- Military Construction Appropriations troops in Kosovo. What it is about is volvement in Kosovo to the next ad- bill. The Warner-Byrd amendment, more important: the role of Congress ministration. which was accepted in committee, and its relationship with the executive I think the American people should would require Congressional authoriza- branch of this Government under our also understand one other thing. We tion for the continued presence of U.S. Constitution. are not just talking about cents or dol- troops in Kosovo beyond July 1, 2001. In Congress has a constitutional respon- lars. I repeat that we are talking about other words, it would require this Con- sibility to vote on long-term military $21.2 billion spent in this area since gress, finally, to debate and to decide commitments, especially when they 1992. In addition, we currently have on the issue of U.S. troops in Kosovo, are offensive and not defensive in na- over 5,000 troops there participating in as I believe that we are required to do ture. Kosovo is not a defensive re- peacekeeping operations in Kosovo. under the War Powers Resolution. sponse to an armed attack against the The primary responsibility of the I am sure that some opponents of United States or its allies. There is no peacekeeping force is to act as escorts this measure will paint a picture of a pressing emergency requiring the for Serbs and Albanians. That is not power-hungry Congress, eager to wrest President to act with dispatch. In such what our troops were trained for. And authorities away from the executive in cases, it is very important for Congress administration officials wonder why an attempt to gain leverage over the to act on its role. It is easy to see the our recruitment and retention in our White House. need for the exercise of Congressional military services is lagging. But this is about more than power, responsibility in the case at hand since Senator TORRICELLI of New Jersey Mr. President. It is about responsi- the administration has already spent had it right when he called upon our bility. Approximately 5,900 U.S. troops $21.2 billion since 1992 in the Bosnia/ NATO allies to provide their share of are currently serving in an apparently Kosovo area. resources in this operation. That is open-ended operation in Kosovo. Fifty-

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.032 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 nine hundred Americans are operating Europe’s pledges. This amendment The idea we need to have a major in often dangerous conditions in the makes the U.S. position crystal clear— role both in the activity as well as the pursuit of a policy that this Congress our allies must fulfill their responsibil- financing in each of these areas is one has not authorized. Fifty-nine hundred ities if they are to continue to count that needs some specific examination. families are sacrificing. We cannot con- on U.S. support. This is the right mes- Certainly the European Community tinue to suggest to the American peo- sage and the right thing to do, and Mr. has done some work there. They are ple, to our constituents, that this is President, I hope that my colleagues very capable. It is not as if we are talk- none of our business. Congressional ap- will remember how right this is the ing about Third World countries. We proval is essential to the commitment next time the tables are turned and it are talking about two of the world’s of U.S. troops in dangerous situations is our country that is failing to honor most vibrant economies. abroad. our international commitments, be it Another reason I question the in- Still other opponents of this measure at the U.N. or elsewhere. volvement, again, as a member of the paint a grim picture of the con- So I urge my colleagues to face up to Foreign Relations Committee, we sequences that will follow should Con- our shared responsibility when it asked questions when this first came gress insist on authorizing a large- comes to the U.S. involvement in up and we were told certainly we would scale deployment like that in Kosovo. Kosovo, and to insist that our allies do not be in Bosnia more than 18 months. Because they believe that Congress the same. The fifty-nine hundred How many years have we been there? would act irresponsibly, they prefer American men and women in Kosovo We were told we were not going to be that Congress not act at all. cannot dodge reality or duck responsi- in Kosovo. Again, this is a simply unacceptable bility. Neither should our European al- We have to come to some decision. abdication of responsibility. What does lies, and neither should we. The question arises, What is the role of it say about the state of the this body I yield the floor. the Senate? I believe the Senate is re- that we do not trust ourselves to make The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sponsible in terms of spending the tough decisions? What kind of leader- ator from Wyoming. money, in terms of authorizing long- ship do we exercise when we dodge ac- Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I rise in term commitments. We should step up countability for a policy of such crit- opposition to the Levin amendment on to the post and express our views. We ical importance to this country? the military construction appropria- now have the opportunity to do that. The decision that this legislation tions bill. Of course, the Levin amend- We could also question, as I mentioned, ment is designed to strike the Byrd- would force upon the Congress—a deci- the whole idea of our level of involve- Warner provision, which I support. sion to either remain in or withdraw ment in places where we are with al- I suspect that most of the things that from Kosovo—is exactly the kind of lies. We would certainly have the ca- choice that we are here to make. It, could be said have been said. We find ourselves saying them again, perhaps pacity to do much. Mr. President, is our responsibility. I I am concerned about the constitu- in other ways, or simply committing urge my colleagues to shoulder it with tional implications of the President’s ourselves to our views with regard to care, as fifty-nine hundred dedicated actions. Clearly, the President should men and women are counting on us to this issue. Clearly, it seems to me, there are two have, and does have, the authority to do our duty. move when there is a case of an emer- The Warner-Byrd amendment would issues involved. gency. That is as it should be. But the also mandate the burden-sharing that One is the role of Congress. What is fact is, in both Bosnia and Kosovo, we was supposed to be at the heart of the the responsibility? What is the obliga- didn’t have the opportunity. Did we U.S. approach to Kosovo. The U.S. bore tion? What is the authority of the Con- vote? Yes, we voted after the troops the lion’s share of the burden in gress in terms of committing troops for were there. Certainly no one is going to NATO’s military campaign of last year. long terms in places around the world? I did not agree with that policy; I be- The other, of course, is a policy ques- vote against the support for troops who lieved then and I believe now that the tion of an exit strategy for Kosovo. are already committed. I remember leading role was Europe’s to fill. But I That has been a question in a number meetings held in Ohio and the original was heartened by the promise that Eu- of places where we have been recently. talk about Bosnia and Kosovo. We rope would take the lead when it came It comes, I suppose, as no surprise to asked: What will we do? They said: We to securing the peace, and that Europe, my colleagues that I view the Kosovo can’t tell you yet; we have to go to Eu- and not America, would provide the foreign policy as sort of an oxymoron— rope and have a meeting there. We vast majority of the resources required that it actually has not been a policy. asked: What is our commitment? Well, to meet Kosovo’s enormous needs. We went in. Indeed, that was one of the we can’t tell you yet. Before the Con- There have been a lot of suggestions things that concerned me the most in gress had an opportunity to do any- that this legislation does a lot more the beginning. There was not a strat- thing, the troops were there. We were than it actually does. egy. We did not have a plan for where committed. Clearly, we were going to All this legislation does, Mr. Presi- we would go. Indeed, that has proven to support them. dent, is hold our valued friends and al- be the case. We didn’t articulate the This idea of an exit strategy, and cer- lies to their word. Kosovo’s reconstruc- goals as to where we were, nor what tainly the idea that we have a role as tion and return to civil authority can- the responsibilities would be among Congress, as a responsibility to the not be allowed to become a U.S.-led our allies, and, of course, the length of people of the United States, to do that, project. Certainly, Mr. President, while time to be there complicates that. is the question. I am not concerned the U.S. fails to intervene in equally We have seen an unbridled passion that we are making a judgment ahead. compelling crises around the globe, we for involving the United States in That is not the case at all. We are set- make the case—and it is, in my view, a peacekeeping operations around the ting guidelines. We say if those guide- very strong case—for regional leader- world. I believe that has begun to over- lines are not appropriate in that time, ship in regional conflicts. African solu- tax our military capacity. We have then the President can come—whom- tions to African problems—that is military people deployed in many ever the President might be—to the often our prescription for the conflicts places. Congress and say there have been and challenges of that troubled con- There is no better or worse example changes; here is what I am supporting, tinent. In East Timor, we stood back, of that than Bosnia and Kosovo. There and with the support of Congress can allowed a regional force led by Aus- we have not had a strategy as to when go forward with something different. tralia to take the lead, and then played we complete our job and who, in fact, Byrd-Warner gives a clear plan to a supporting role in that effort. This, takes the leadership role. I agree with work with the European Community Mr. President, is the most promising the Senator from Wisconsin. We had an and, in fact, turn some of the full re- recipe for U.S. engagement in the example in East Timor where we sponsibility over to the European Com- world today. And it should be followed shared the responsibility with others in munity whenever it is appropriate. when it comes to Kosovo. the region. Indeed, in that case, Aus- Byrd-Warner gives us that. We need to But there have been problems, Mr. tralia took the lead. We were very sup- ensure that the community is not re- President, with the timely delivery of portive, as we should be. neging on its promises regarding its

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 01:50 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.034 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4135 share of reconstruction funds. That is ple in the United States have to accept clares war. The Congress raises money important. That should be done. that you are a European power whether for our Army and our Navy. It is the Finally, it puts us on a track, a flexi- you like it or not, both in Europe and Congress that is the ultimate, final au- ble track, for exit and moving our the Balkans. thority on whether young men and troops out of that situation. That is I believe very strongly that we have women are committed in harm’s way. what we ought to do. Certainly, it was borne the brunt of war. Seventy per- Finally, by that day, July 1, 2001, the mentioned on the floor that preserving cent of the air missions in that war in Byrd-Warner language requires the ter- peace in Kosovo is important. That is Kosovo were ours. It was American air- mination of funding for the continued not the issue. The issue is how do we do power and American mobility and tech- deployment of U.S. ground combat that. Everyone knows it is important nology that actually won that war. I troops in Kosovo unless the President to have peace there. I think we can do supported that. I voted on the floor of seeks and obtains specific congres- that through this system. It will solve this great body for air and missile sional authorization for a continuation both the constitutional question and strikes against Milosevic. I have also of such deployment. the question of direction. voted for the accession of the Czech Re- I am open to reasoned argument by I urge my colleagues oppose the public, Poland, and Hungary to come any President on our role there, but I Levin amendment and support the into NATO. I, by no means, want to ab- think the Congress ought to make that Byrd-Warner amendment. dicate the role of the United States in decision. I yield the floor. filling the power vacuum in Eastern As Senator WARNER said in explain- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Europe left by the fall of the Soviet ing the authors’ intent, the Byrd-War- THOMAS). The Senator from Georgia is Union. By the same token, I came back ner language reflects two concerns: recognized. with a couple of clear senses that I the indefinite commitment of our troops Mr. REID. If the Senator will yield, carry in my mind of what our Amer- into the Kosovo situation and that indefinite ican role should be. First, before we commitment not being backed up by the af- it is my understanding Senator firmative action of the Congress of the CLELAND is taking time off the other went in a helicopter into Kosovo, an Army colonel said: Look out the win- United States which has a clear responsi- side. bility to act when we send young men and Mr. WARNER. That is correct. I say dows. There is a Roman aqueduct. I women in harm’s way. thought: I’m flying over terrain where with some dismay, we have been trying I have just returned from a trip to Alexander the Great and his father, to alternate. If the tactic here is to Brussels and Kosovo where I met with Philip II, made wars in Macedonia and hold those in opposition until the end, key military leaders from the U.S., Eu- that part of the world in 300 B.C. Then I think an element of fairness in this ropean nations and NATO. On that the Romans were there. Later the debate may be slipping away. trip, I was discussing the role of the Turks were there. And now we are Mr. REID. I say to my friend from United States in Europe with the Dep- there. Virginia, there is no reason to be sus- uty Secretary of NATO, Sergio I respectfully submit, what thou- pect of anything. We had a speaker Balanzio, when he told me that the sands of years of foreign occupation lined up who you persuaded not to United States is, ‘‘a European power have failed to do to that area, we will speak. It threw us out of queue. We whether you like it or not—not only in fail to do. So I specifically support the have Senator CLELAND ready to speak. Europe but in the Balkans too.’’ I re- Byrd-Warner language which allows 75 Mr. WARNER. I had to make that sponded that it is one thing to be on percent of the more than $2 billion con- case. the point of the spear and to bear the tained in the supplemental appropria- Mr. LEVIN. Regarding that change, heavy load in certain cases, as the U.S. tions title for Kosovo operations to be we are happy to have two or three of did in Bosnia and Kosovo, but quite an- released immediately and uncondition- our speakers in a row when the Senator other to always be called upon to ride from Georgia is finished. ally for such operations. I do support these operations now. to the rescue, even in Europe itself. Mr. CLELAND. Mr. President, I echo A large portion of the military oper- But the remaining 25 percent would be the marvelous remarks of the distin- ation in Kosovo was supplied by the withheld pending a certification by the guished Senator from Wyoming, and United States, and I believe it is now President, due by July 15 of this year, my seatmate, the great distinguished time to ‘‘Europeanize’’ the peace in that our European allies are making Senator from Wisconsin, and others Bosnia and Kosovo. While the soldiers I significant progress in meeting their who support the Byrd-Warner amend- spoke with at Camp Bondsteel cer- overall commitments for economic re- tainly displayed high morale, reflected ment. construction, humanitarian assistance, The question is, simply put: Will the administrative expenses, and police in the excellent job they have done, if Congress of the United States step for- forces for Kosovo. we stay in the Balkans indefinitely, ward and help this Government articu- I understand our European allies did with no clear way out, I believe we run late an exit strategy of our military not have the capability, in terms of an increasing risk of further overex- might out of Kosovo and out of the technology or maneuverability or mo- tending our military thus exacerbating Balkans ultimately or will we not? bility, to mass in an offensive attack our recruitment and retention prob- I just got back from a trip to Western against the forces of Milosevic. But I lems and lessening our capability to re- Europe, particularly to Kosovo. I vis- also understand they do have the abil- spond to more serious challenges to our ited Brussels. I talked to NATO lead- ity to provide economic reconstruction vital national interests. The Byrd-War- ers. I visited the Aviano Air Base in aid. As a matter of fact, the European ner amendment will help Europeanize Italy where I met with some who flew Union is stepping forward with $2.3 bil- the peace, unless and until a compel- the incredible air missions in the war. lion. I applaud that. They have the ca- ling and vital American interest can be I went to Macedonia and saw the areas pability for humanitarian assistance, identified which would justify our con- where more than 100,000 refugees were, and that is forthcoming. They do have tinued deployment of ground forces, and into Kosovo itself and up on the the ability to provide police forces for and I will be pleased to support it. Serbian border. We then exited through Kosovo. These are things our European However, I must add that, while this London. I came back with a definite allies can do and should do. amendment does indeed address our impression that unless this country ar- Furthermore, the amendment re- military problem in Kosovo and does ticulates its own exit strategy, particu- quires the President to develop and re- indeed reassert the constitutional re- larly for our military forces, there will port to the Congress a plan to turn sponsibilities of Congress with respect be no exit strategy. Our allies are quite over all peacekeeping operations in to that problem, it does not address the willing for us to stay there forever and Kosovo to those allies by July 1, 2001. underlying situation in Kosovo and is ever and ever. This is the plan that is due by July 1, silent on the similar problem right I met with the distinguished Deputy 2001, not the withdrawal of American across the border in Bosnia. From my Secretary General of NATO in Brus- forces. But at least this is a plan; it is perspective, the basic problem in the sels. He looked at me and said: I can’t an exit strategy. Balkans today is political, not mili- count on one hand the number of years How do we get to this point? The U.S. tary, and requires a political rather NATO will have to be in Kosovo. Peo- Constitution says the Congress de- than military solution. And, in the

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 01:50 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.036 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 same way as the United States took ropean Union has announced plans for cede and is also the nation in the region with the lead in military operations, it is $1,500,000,000 over the next 3 years for the re- the greatest ethnic homogeneity, with a pop- now time for the U.S. to lead in finding construction of Kosovo, for the convening in ulation which is 91 percent Slovene. a political solution. Essentially, at this July of an international donors’ conference (13) The boundaries of the various national for Kosovo aid, and for subsequent provision and sub-national divisions in the Balkans point in time, the various communities of reconstruction aid to the other countries have been altered repeatedly throughout his- wish to live apart and exercise self-de- in the region affected by the recent hos- tory, and international conferences have fre- termination along ethnic lines. I would tilities followed by reconstruction aid di- quently played the decisive role in fixing agree that such a development is unfor- rected at the Balkans region as a whole. such boundaries in the modern era, including tunate and not in keeping with our (5) The United States and some of its the Berlin Congress of 1878, the London Con- American view of the way the world NATO allies oppose the provision of any aid, ference of 1913, and the Paris Peace Con- should be. However, for any solution to other than limited humanitarian assistance, ference of 1919. to Serbia until Yugoslav President Slobodan the current situation to be acceptable (14) The development of an effective exit Milosevic is out of office. strategy for the withdrawal from the Bal- to the parties directly involved—and (6) The policy of providing reconstruction kans of foreign military forces, including the thus durable—this inescapable fact aid to Kosovo and other countries in the re- armed forces of the United States, its NATO must be taken into account. gion affected by the recent hostilities while allies, Russia, and any other nation from On June 30 of last year, the Senate withholding such aid for Serbia presents a outside the Balkans which has such forces in accepted by voice vote my amendment number of practical problems, including the the Balkans is in the best interests of all to the foreign operations appropria- absence in Kosovo of financial and other in- such nations. stitutions independent of Yugoslavia, the (15) The ultimate withdrawal of foreign tions bill which expressed ‘‘the sense of difficulty in drawing clear and enforceable the Senate that the United States military forces, accompanied by the estab- distinctions between humanitarian and re- lishment of durable and peaceful relations should call immediately for the con- construction assistance, and the difficulty in among all of the nations and peoples of the vening of an international conference reconstructing Montenegro in the absence of Balkans is in the best interests of those na- on the Balkans’’ to develop a final po- similar efforts in Serbia. tions and peoples. litical settlement of both the Kosovo (7) In any case, the achievement of effec- (16) An effective exit strategy for the with- and Bosnia conflicts. tive and durable economic reconstruction drawal from the Balkans of foreign military I ask unanimous consent that the and revitalization in the countries of the forces is contingent upon the achievement of Balkans is unlikely until a political settle- full text of my amendment be printed a lasting political settlement for the region, ment is reached as to the final status of and that only such a settlement, acceptable in the RECORD. Kosovo and Yugoslavia. to all parties involved, can ensure the funda- There being no objection the mate- (8) The G–8 proposed a political process to- mental goals of the United States of peace, rial was ordered to be printed in the wards the establishment of an interim polit- stability, and human rights in the Balkans; RECORD, as follows: ical framework agreement for a substantial (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense self-government for Kosovo, taking into full AMENDMENT NO. 1163 TO S. 1234, FISCAL YEAR of the Senate that— account the final Interim Agreement for 2000 FOREIGN OPERATIONS APPROPRIATIONS (1) The United States should call imme- Peace and Self-Government in Kosovo, also diately for the convening of an international (Adopted by the Senate by unanimous known as the Rambouillet Accords, and the consent, June 30, 1999) conference on the Balkans, under the aus- principles of sovereignty and territorial in- pices of the United Nations, and based upon At the appropriate place in the bill, insert tegrity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia the principles of the Rambouillet Accords for the following: and the other countries of the region, and a final settlement of Kosovo status, namely SEC. ll. SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING AN the demilitarization of the UCK (Kosovo Lib- that such a settlement should be based on INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON eration Army). the will of the people, opinions of relevant THE BALKANS. (9) The G–8 proposal contains no guidance authorities, each Party’s efforts regarding (a) FINDINGS.—The Senate makes the fol- as to a final political settlement for Kosovo the implementation of the agreement and lowing findings: and Yugoslavia, while the original position the provisions of the Helsinki Final Act; (1) The United States and its allies in the of the United States and the other partici- (2) The international conference on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) pants in the so-called Contact Group on this Balkans should also be empowered to seek a conducted large-scale military operations matter, as reflected in the Rambouillet Ac- final settlement for Bosnia-Herzegovina against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. cords, called for the convening of an inter- based on the same principles as specified for (2) At the conclusion of 78 days of these national conference, after 3 years, to deter- Kosovo in the Rambouillet Accords; and hostilities, the United States and its NATO mine a mechanism for a final settlement of (3) In order to produce a lasting political allies suspended military operations against Kosovo status based on the will of the peo- settlement in the Balkans acceptable to all the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia based ple, opinions of relevant authorities, each parties, which can lead to the departure from upon credible assurances by the latter that Party’s efforts regarding the implementa- the Balkans in timely fashion of all foreign it would fulfill the following conditions as tion of the agreement and the provisions of military forces, including those of the laid down by the so called Group of Eight (G– the Helsinki Final Act. United States, the international conference 8): (10) The current position of the United should have the authority to consider any (A) An immediate and verifiable end of vio- States and its NATO allies as to the final and all of the following: political boundaries; lence and repression in Kosovo. status of Kosovo and Yugoslavia calls for an humanitarian and reconstruction assistance (B) Staged withdrawal of all Yugoslav autonomous, multiethnic, democratic for all nations in the Balkans; stationing of military, police, and paramilitary forces Kosovo which would remain as part of Ser- United Nations peacekeeping forces along from Kosovo. bia, and such an outcome is not supported by international boundaries; security arrange- (C) Deployment in Kosovo of effective any of the Parties directly involved, includ- ments and guarantees for all of the nations international and security presences, en- ing the governments of Yugoslavia and Ser- of the Balkans; and tangible, enforceable and dorsed and adopted by the United Nations bia, representatives of the Kosovar Alba- verifiable human rights guarantees for the Security Council, and capable of guaran- nians, and the people of Yugoslavia, Serbia individuals and peoples of the Balkans. teeing the achievement of the agreed objec- and Kosovo. tives. (11) There has been no final political set- Mr. CLELAND. Mr. President, I truly (D) Establishment of an interim adminis- tlement in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the believe that such an approach is best, if tration for Kosovo, to be decided by the Armed Forces of the United States, its not the only, way to resolve the dif- United Nations Security Council which will NATO allies, and other non-Balkan nations ficulties in Bosnia and Kosovo—allow- seek to ensure conditions for a peaceful and have been enforcing an uneasy peace since ing our troops eventually to come normal life for all inhabitants in Kosovo. 1996, at a cost to the United States alone of (E) Provision for the safe and free return of over $10,000,000,000, with no clear end in sight home but avoiding an unacceptable se- all refugees and displaced persons from to such enforcement. curity vacuum in southeast Europe— Kosovo and an unimpeded access to Kosovo (12) The trend throughout the Balkans and is definitely in the best interest of by humanitarian aid organizations. since 1990 has been in the direction of eth- the United States and Europe. (3) These objectives appear to have been nically based particularism, as exemplified The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fulfilled, or to be in the process of being ful- by the 1991 declarations of independence ator from Virginia is recognized. filled, which has led the United States and from Yugoslavia by Slovenia and Croatia, Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank its NATO allies to terminate military oper- and the country in the Balkans which cur- my distinguished colleague from Geor- ations against the Federal Republic of Yugo- rently comes the closest to the goal of a slavia. democratic government which respects the gia. He is on the Senate Armed Serv- (4) The G–8 also called for a comprehensive human rights of its citizens is the nation of ices Committee. He just exemplifies approach to the economic development and Slovenia, which was the first portion of the duty, honor, and country in every re- stabilization of the crisis region, and the Eu- former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to se- spect. I hope our colleagues take to

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.006 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4137 heart the message from this distin- minished to the point where the time ize continued participation, we will be guished Senator and soldier-citizen of Senator BYRD and I have allocated be- forced to return—under circumstances America. tween ourselves—that is, the time of that will certainly not be as favorable I will yield the floor after one proce- the Senator from Virginia has all but as we face today. We have managed to dural matter. As I understand it, the expired, and the distinguished Senator create a situation where our troops distinguished Senator from Oregon, from West Virginia has, under a pre- certainly face threats in Kosovo, but Mr. SMITH, will next address the Sen- vious order, 1 hour remaining under his the risks are relatively limited. ate—if, after that, we could have our control. I just wish to advise the Sen- By our action, by setting up the con- colleague from Texas for 6 minutes? ate of that. ditions under which American troops Mr. LEVIN. If the Senator will yield? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The would withdraw from Kosovo next sum- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Chair will observe there is a unanimous mer, we could trigger the very insta- ator from Michigan is recognized. consent order that gives the oppor- bility in Kosovo that we have managed Mr. LEVIN. As we indicated before, tunity to the Senator from Oregon to to forestall thus far. I am not going to we had a number of Senators on the speak for 10 minutes, to be followed by whitewash what is happening in way. If we could have, now, two of ours, the Senator from Nebraska for 12 min- Kosovo today. We have our work cut since my colleague had two or three of utes. Is someone propounding another out for us in establishing a functioning his in a row, it would be, I think, better consent to change that consent? administration there that respects the order. Mr. WARNER. I did not hear that. rights of minorities. But the situation Mr. WARNER. We were trying to ro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- is relatively stable, after over 10 years tate. Our colleague from Texas has ator from Nevada. of disorder. We can only speculate, of been here about an hour. Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my un- course, as to what would transpire if Mrs. HUTCHISON. I make an inquiry derstanding part of the unanimous con- we were to pull out. But there is a real of the distinguished Senator from sent request is the Senator from Texas possibility—one can almost say a prob- Michigan how long the next two would would follow Senator HAGEL for 7 min- ability—that the Kosovar Albanians be, so I can determine if I could stay utes. So there would be some order would feel compelled to prepare for an- that long. here, the Senator from Virginia could other assault by Serbian henchman di- Mr. LEVIN. I do appreciate that. follow the Senator from Texas? rected by Slobodan Milosevic. Could Senator SMITH would be 10 minutes and Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I will our European allies adequately protect Senator HAGEL 12 minutes. make a revised unanimous consent re- the Kosovar Albanians from this as- Mr. WARNER. How does that conven- quest, after talking with Senator ROBB sault? I can not answer that defini- ience or inconvenience our colleague who just came in, and with gratitude tively, but I will tell you that the from Texas? to Senator HAGEL. I ask unanimous Kosovars think that the answer is no. Mrs. HUTCHISON. After 22 minutes? consent for this order of speakers: Sen- So we withdraw, the Kosovars rearm, If we could put that in stone? ator SMITH of Oregon, then Senator Milosevic feels emboldened, and we are Mr. WARNER. We will just have that ROBB for 6 minutes, then Senator back where we started before the understood. I put the unanimous con- HUTCHISON, and then Senator HAGEL. NATO air campaign began. Is that why sent request. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we fought this war? Mr. HAGEL. Mr. President, if it is a objection, it is so ordered. The Senator Why do we want to jeopardize the convenience to the distinguished Sen- from Oregon is recognized. peace? The 5,900 American soldiers that ator from Texas, I would be very happy Mr. SMITH of Oregon. I thank the are participating in KFOR are making to go after the Senator from Texas, if Chair. a critical contribution to maintaining that helps her schedule. Mr. President, frankly, I am pleased, peace in Kosovo. Our troops comprise Mr. LEVIN. We don’t have to etch as we alternate back and forth, there approximately 15% of the total of the stone, then. are Republicans and Democrats not KFOR. That seems to me to be a rea- Mrs. HUTCHISON. I am happy to crossing on party lines but arguing a sonable percentage for the U.S. to con- wait beyond the Senator from Oregon very important issue of what they feel, tribute. The European forces are mak- for 10 minutes and the Senator from what they think, and how they per- ing a difference in Kosovo—they are Nebraska for 12 minutes. Then if we ceive America’s interests to be best doing their job. But we should be will- could get a unanimous consent, I would served. ing to do ours as well. go next? I realize that many of my colleagues Mr. President, let me return to my Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask have spoken eloquently about the con- principal concern with this amend- unanimous consent we go in that order: sequences that will result if the United ment—the threat that it poses to U.S. Senator SMITH for 10, Senator HAGEL States Senate supports the Byrd-War- leadership in Europe. I have met with for 12, and then the Senator from ner amendment. And though I may re- five different Foreign Ministers from Texas. peat some of their arguments this Europe over the past several weeks, Before the Senator from Georgia morning, I think it is critical that and in these meetings I have empha- leaves, if I could just take 30 of my sec- those of us who oppose this language sized the importance of maintaining onds to thank him for his constant state loudly and clearly that this is the the trans-Atlantic link. Our security is contribution to the debates and to this wrong way to go. directly related to European security, body. While we disagree on this par- I spoke last week on this matter Mr. whether we like that or not, and for us ticular issue, it is not very easy for me; President. I said then that there may to signal to our Allies that we are un- he always makes a major contribution, come a time when it is appropriate for willing to participate in securing the and we are grateful for it. the U.S. to withdraw from Kosovo—but peace in Kosovo—when they are con- Mr. WARNER. Will the Chair act on that time is not now. We face enor- tributing 85% of the troops—inherently the unanimous consent request, and mous worldwide responsibilities, and I divides us from our Allies. I have criti- now with 7 minutes for the Senator agree with those that feel the burden cized them for seeking to establish a from Texas? sometimes seems rather heavy. But separate defense structure that is not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that is not a reason for us to seriously tied in with NATO at every step of the Chair, without objection, enters the jeopardize the most important and way. unanimous consent. There will be 10 most successful Alliance in history. We should not encourage them in minutes for the Senator from We are a European power. It is in our these efforts by indicating that we are Oregon—— interests to maintain American leader- an unreliable ally that cannot be Mr. WARNER. If I could take 20 sec- ship in Europe. And we have seen what counted on to stay the course. I do not onds of my time just to advise Sen- happens when the U.S. chooses to come think this should be an endless com- ators that the time remaining under home after a bitter conflict has ended. mitment, however, there should cer- the control of those proponents of I am confident that if the U.S. pulls tainly be a drawdown in our forces as keeping the amendment, namely Sen- out of Kosovo, as this legislation re- circumstances warrant and as Euro- ators BYRD and WARNER, has now di- quires if the Congress does not author- peans do more in Kosovo. But we

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.039 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 should not make the determination his charge, and I believe it is Senator English. I said to her: Would you like now as to what our troops should do BYRD’s desire to protect the preroga- to go home? next year. tives of the Senate that has motivated She said: I’d love to go home, but I I realize that the supporters of this this. I respect that. I say to them that can’t; there are very scary people amendment say that they are not call- they have already achieved much of there. ing for the withdrawal of U.S. troops what they hoped to do with this Then I said to her: Well, if you can’t from Kosovo—that they are simply amendment, so this debate, this effort, go home, would you like to go to Amer- asking for an authorization. But Mr. is not in vain. I tell them respectfully ica? And her eyes lit up with sparkles. President, with all due respect for my now why I am not with them on this She put her hands to her face and colleagues, their amendment forces the issue. said: Oh, to be a little girl in America. withdrawal of our forces unless posi- I know that many Americans are I will never forget that expression. I tive action is taken by the Congress. I weary of our involvement abroad, and I thought of my own little girl all the do not quibble with their complaints know that many would like to just go way home. I wonder what has happened that the President did not ask for Con- home. I actually believe the right po- to that little girl. She did not come to gressional authorization for this mis- litical vote in this case would be to America, but she was able to go home sion. I agree with them: he should have vote for a date certain with my col- because the United States was there. The United States is in Europe. The done so. But is it in our interests to tie leagues on the other side to get out of world is better because after the Sec- the hands of the next President? To Kosovo. I say to every American who ond World War, the United States force him to adopt a course of action cares about foreign policy or our stand- learned from a mistake and did not re- because of a lack of Presidential lead- ing in the world, this is not the right peat the mistake of the First World ership today? I think not. way; this is not the right instrument; War. We did not go home. We stayed I am reminded of the early, tragic this is not the right time for this there as a beacon of stability that Eu- days of the war in Bosnia. As you re- branch of Government to interject rope has needed and I believe still call, Mr. President, European troops itself with this kind of an amendment. needs. were on the ground in Bosnia as part of I happen to have traveled to the Bal- The Europeans are beginning to feel the UN mission, but no American kans at the height of the Kosovo con- a need for more security of their own. troops were there. As a result of the flict. I was privileged to travel with I have cautioned them: Be careful as dramatically different risks we faced Senator HUTCHISON of Texas in her you set up these European defense at that time, the U.S. and our Allies codel where we visited many of the sur- identities that you do it within the supported different approaches to deal rounding countries of Kosovo. I remem- context of NATO or you will begin to with that conflict. We lost valuable ber when we went to Hungary, we were decouple the United States from time trying to coordinate our strat- standing on the balcony of the Foreign NATO. Be careful about this. egy—time when Bosnians of all ethnic Ministry of Hungary, and the Foreign My concern is heightened because as groups were slaughtered. A strong Alli- Minister came up to me—this is a beau- they talk of setting up these new struc- ance is one where benefits and risks are tiful setting, overlooking the Danube— tures, they are all cutting their defense shared, and that is the direction that and he said: Senator SMITH, I did not budgets. It appears to me they are set- we should be going now. realize when we were admitted to the ting up a paper lion. Let me say, that I agree with my col- NATO alliance that we would be at war We made a commitment to go into leagues who have complained about un- a few days later, but we are thrilled to Yugoslavia. If anything should be criti- equal burdensharing. The Europeans be a member of NATO, and we are cized, it may be we should not have were incredibly slow in approving their proud to stand with the United States gone into Bosnia. We have elections for contributions to the Kosovo Consoli- of America. a reason. We elected a President of the dated Budget, their humanitarian and I drew him out and said: Why do you United States, not of my party, but a reconstruction assistance, and getting say that, Mr. Foreign Minister? President who decided it was in the their police forces on the ground. I He said: We are proud to stand with America’s interest as the leader of the commend Senator WARNER for his suc- the United States because the United NATO alliance to go into Bosnia, and cessful efforts at ensuring they get the States is a nation uniquely positioned we went. That job was complicated be- picture. We have the right to expect in world history; that we are unique in cause Mr. Milosevic continued his mis- that our European allies do their fair that we have the capacity to fight for chievous ways, his murderous ways in share consolidating the peace in values and not just to fight for some- a fashion that was unthinkable to the Kosovo, particularly given the unequal body’s treasure or somebody’s terri- Western World that we should do noth- burden borne by the U.S. during the tory. ing. In view of our own troops, we were war. And I believe that thanks to the I was proud of my country when he watching people being exterminated. distinguished Chairman of the Armed said that. In the end, I decided to support Presi- Services Committee, the Europeans I found myself a few days later in dent Clinton at this next level because now understand this and are taking Macedonia. When we were there, we I did not want to have to answer why, steps to correct the problem. were at the point where, coming out of in the face of mass murder, I did not do Mr. President, we must maintain Kosovo through a pass in the moun- anything. American leadership in Europe. We tains, literally tens of thousands of ref- Lest Americans think it is all in should do our part in solidifying the ugees were pouring into two camps. We vain, it is not. Things are not great in progress we have seen in Kosovo. I urge went to the second camp. There were Kosovo, but they are much better than my colleagues to support Senator 50,000 people there. It was arranged when we found them. LEVIN’s motion to strike the Byrd-War- that each of the Senators would have The benefit of Senator WARNER’s ner language. an hour there with interpreters. work is in this: The Europeans were Mr. President, I admire Senator WAR- We went through the camp talking to slow off the mark in meeting their NER, the chairman of the Armed Serv- the refugees, examining the conditions commitments financially and in ices Committee. He is a great Amer- of the people, and hearing their con- troops, but they are now. They are put- ican and a great man. While I am not cerns. I became aware about halfway ting in the resources, and they are with him on this issue, it is a privilege through my visit that there were three manning 85 percent of the burden to be with him on most issues. little girls following me around as there. We have 15 percent, a little over Also, I believe Senator BYRD, the though I was from Mars. They looked 5,000 troops, there. Is that in vain? Is it other author of this amendment, is a at me with some degree of awe and appropriate for us now to set an arbi- man who stands uniquely among us as wonder. trary cutoff time and, with the blunt a defender of the prerogatives of the Before we boarded the buses, I de- instrument of the budget, to say we Senate. I appreciate that, I admire him cided to try and engage them in a con- have had enough, we are going home? I for that, and I thank him for that. versation. I was delighted to find that say with all respect, if we do that, we I believe it is Senator WARNER’s de- one of the little girls who was 10 years will somewhat be saying to the Euro- sire to protect our armed services, as is old could speak reasonably good peans what they are saying to us; that

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.044 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4139 we are ready to delink the United Without objection, it is so ordered. pace of progress toward reconstruction States and NATO. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask in Kosovo and the establishment of a I do not want to do that yet. The day unanimous consent that I be given 1 capable civil police force. But we knew may come when we can say it is time minute prior to Senator ROBB. the risks going into this effort to stop to go home, and the Europeans will be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the killing and give peace a chance to in a position where they can handle it objection? take hold in this troubled land. We on their own. I do not believe that day Without objection, it is so ordered. know from experience that these types has yet arrived. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank of efforts defy deadlines. We know from I tell my colleagues and I plead with my colleague for his kind remarks. But experience the consequences of setting all Americans to understand that while I want to draw the attention of the conditions that let other countries con- we can take for granted the peace, the Senate to the fact that we—the U.S. trol our destiny. security, and the prosperity of this taxpayers—have already spent $4.5 bil- Each time we have debated deadlines, land, most of the world looks to us as lion on this Kosovo operation. The I have argued against them. Each time an example and with some envy and President did not ask for any money we have proposed statutorily binding some hope that they may someday for the year 2000. That is why we are deadlines, I have voted against them. I have what we now enjoy. If America faced with this supplemental of an- believe the provisions in this bill estab- says we are going home, I believe that other $2 billion. So $4.5 billion plus $2 lishing a deadline for the withdrawal of vacuum will be so enormous, it will be billion is $6.5 billion. Then the author- ground troops from Kosovo undermine filled not with an ideology but with a ization bill, which we are now working U.S. leadership around the world and whole bunch of tyrants. on, and the appropriations for the next raise understandable anxiety about our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fiscal year, has another $1.6 to $1.7 bil- commitment to peace and stability in ator’s time has expired. lion. the Balkans. They play directly into Mr. SMITH of Oregon. If I may have Wake up, colleagues. We are shov- the hands of those in the region who but a few more minutes, I will con- eling money out of here as fast as we depend on conflict and chaos to achieve clude. can swing our arms, without giving, I their ends. Mr. LEVIN. I yield 2 additional min- think, due consideration. The situation in Kosovo defies a sim- utes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ple calculus for withdrawal of U.S. Mr. SMITH of Oregon. I do not want ator’s time has expired. forces. The situation in Kosovo defies a to see that vacuum filled by people who Mr. WARNER. I yield the floor. simple calculus for those whose bur- do not share the values of Western Civ- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dens are greater or smaller, fair or un- ilization as we know it in Western Eu- ator from Virginia is recognized. fair. rope and in the United States of Amer- Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I join my We know from experience that the re- ica. I believe the Europeans are begin- distinguished colleague from Michigan quirement of our physical presence and our relative share of the burden will ning to do their duty and we ought to in recognizing the eloquence of the shift with changing conditions on the continue to do ours. statement just made, very much from ground—either through reduced I also would like to conclude with an the heart, by the Senator from Oregon. threats or improved stability. anecdote from campaigning with Gov- I concur in his remarks. Once again we are on the floor of the Setting statutory deadlines now, in ernor Bush on Tuesday in Oregon, in my judgment, will only undermine the which he assured me his opposition to Senate debating the strength of the U.S. commitment to peace and sta- confidence of our allies. Setting statu- this was not about getting America’s tory deadlines now will only shake the withdrawal from Yugoslavia but to do bility in the Balkans, and once again we are being asked to weigh the bene- world’s confidence in our leadership. it in a reasoned way, in a bipartisan Setting statutory deadlines now will fits and costs of our current commit- way, and in a way that does not com- only encourage those who oppose peace promise the long-term security inter- ments. I do not like to find myself at odds, and stability in the region. ests of the United States, which is now The deadline framework established especially on national security mat- inseparably linked to Europe. by this provision in the military con- ters, with my friend and senior col- So I plead with my colleagues to vote struction bill tells our adversary what for the McCain-Levin amendment to league from Virginia. We share so combination of actions or manipula- strike. I believe this is in the country’s many of the values that shape our view tion of conditions by which he can interests, in the world’s interests, and of the world and the critical role of the ‘‘control’’ U.S. and NATO policy. certainly in the interests of Kosovo. United States in that world. We also Although the authors argue that this I thank the Chair and yield the floor. share an unshakeable conviction in the provision has no automatic triggers Several Senators addressed the importance of the moral and physical and that there are escape clauses al- Chair. leadership of the United States in a lowing the Congress to undo what this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dangerous world and the belief that a provision would do, the advantage of ator from Virginia has 6 minutes. strong United States is the best guar- knowing the limit of our commitment Mr. LEVIN. Would the Senator yield? antor of peace. transfers the advantage and the lever- Mr. ROBB. Of course. Likewise, I have enormous respect age to our adversary. Mr. LEVIN. I will take 30 seconds, on for the other coauthor of the amend- Under this provision, July 1 becomes my time, to thank the Senator. ment which is currently incorporated a magic date—either this year or next; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Senator in the military construction appropria- or some other date, if it happens to be ROBB from Virginia, I believe, accord- tions bill we are now considering. switched in conference—against which ing to the unanimous consent agree- There is no other Member of this body he can plan, organize, and execute ef- ment, has 6 minutes at this time. who is more knowledgeable, when it forts to pursue regional destabiliza- Mr. ROBB. I yield to the distin- comes to the history of our Constitu- tion. guished Senator from Michigan on his tion, or who has fought harder to up- Under this provision, in the mind of time, as requested. hold the constitutional role of the Con- our adversary, we trade the certainty Mr. LEVIN. I take 30 seconds, on my gress and of this body in relation to the of our commitment to stability, and time, to thank the Senator from Or- executive branch than the senior Sen- our military capability to enforce it, egon for his very thoughtful and very ator from West Virginia. for the certain knowledge of our lim- heartfelt statement, based on a tre- I understand and share our col- ited determination and the eventual mendous amount of study of Europe. leagues’ frustration with the costs of unhinging of the political and military I also ask unanimous consent that our commitments in the Balkans, not cohesion of our coalition. Senator VOINOVICH be recognized after just in terms of dollars but also the I am concerned that regardless of the conclusion of Senator HAGEL’s re- wear and tear on our armed forces when the deadlines may be set in this marks. around the world. provision, our perceived lack of will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there I understand and share our col- could put at risk militarily our coali- objection? leagues’ frustration with the glacial tion troops on the ground in Kosovo.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.046 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 I have been proud to stand shoulder to finding a way to maintain our com- I will answer question No. 2: Setting to shoulder with my friend and senior mitments to peace in the world. a deadline is irresponsible. This is the colleague on many issues involving our I yield the floor. bait and switch. This is what they say Nation’s national security interests. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- every time. If you set a deadline, you But I cannot do so on this issue be- ator from Texas is recognized. are irresponsible. How could you do cause I believe it would undermine our Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I that and cut and run from our allies? position of world leadership and place have been on the floor for a long time But if you say, OK, we are not setting us in an untenable position regarding this morning. I will address two major a deadline, we are going to say, 1 year the Balkans. points I keep hearing because it is im- from now, we have a timetable that be- In support of our men and women in portant that we refute those points. gins the process for a plan and then, uniform in the field, and of America’s First, we are not setting a deadline. once you have the plan on the table, enduring open-ended commitment to We are not withdrawing troops. The you have an orderly process to imple- peace and stability, I must, therefore, Byrd-Warner amendment says we are ment that plan. oppose the provision currently included voting to make the decision, after This is not a vote to withdraw troops. in the bill and urge our colleagues to plenty of time for the President and It is not a vote to cut and run. It is not support the motion to strike offered by our allies, consulting with Congress, to a vote to even have a deadline. It is a the ranking member of the Senate make a plan. We are setting a time- vote to take the responsibility to ap- Armed Services Committee. table in which we would have the op- prove a plan for a lasting peace in the With that, Mr. President, I believe portunity to set a plan, and that time- Balkans. This is a vote to be a respon- my time has expired. If not, I reserve table will probably be October or De- sible and strong ally and a formidable any remaining time. cember of next year. Then after we enemy. It is a vote that asks the same I yield the floor. have a plan from the President, we will of our allies in return, that they be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have a vote on that plan and on the strong and reliable allies. ator from Virginia. long-term strategy. It is a vote to take the responsibility Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I yield Every time Congress exercises its re- in the Senate for our own national de- myself 60 seconds. sponsibility to do what it is required to fense. I ask the question of my col- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without do under the Constitution, which is de- leagues: If we do not take the responsi- objection, it is so ordered. clare war and support the Army and bility for our national security, if we Mr. WARNER. I thank my colleague the Navy, the administration and do not take the responsibility when we for his kind personal references. In- many on the other side say: What kind see that we cannot recruit and retain deed, we have worked together as a of signal does that send? What kind of members of our armed services today, team. On this one, we divide. signal does that send to our allies? if we don’t take the responsibility for Regarding his concluding remarks on What kind of signal does that send to addressing that problem, who will? world leadership, in this debate we are that terrible tyrant Milosevic? Which of our allies will step up to the constantly talking about our allies. I No. 2, they say setting a deadline is line and say, we are worried about your am concerned about the hometowns in irresponsible. I will answer both of national security deteriorating? Which Virginia that are shoveling out tax- those questions. of our allies is going to step up to the payer funds, billions and billions of We are sending a message. We are line and say, I am concerned that you dollars. I have already added it up— sending a message to our allies and to are not providing the nuclear umbrella well over $6 billion. President Milosevic. It is a clear mes- that we must have and that only you There has really been no debate or sage, and it says, America is going to can provide? action in this Senate. We have an obli- lead. America is going to come in and The buck stops here. The Byrd-War- gation in the Congress to speak before bring all the parties to the table, and ner amendment says we are up to the we shovel these funds out in incredible we are going to formulate a policy. We task. We will defend our own troops in sums. It is from the towns and villages are going to lead. the field, to give them a mission and a in our State and other States from It says, our goal is a lasting peace in timetable and a responsible plan under whence we get these brave young men the Balkans, not an unending morass which they can operate. We will be a and women, who put on these uniforms, of indecision that wears out our troops, strong, reliable, and stable ally for all as the Senator and I have in the past, debilitates our own national security, of our friends. We will formulate a plan and march forth from the shores of our and does not help our allies or the Serb that is responsible as a superpower country into harm’s way. I think Con- people at all. It says to Milosevic, we should. We will no longer have emer- gress has to stand up and be account- are serious and we are going to formu- gency funds that refill coffers of money able in those decisions and support the late a plan. The President of the that have already been spent on a mis- President. I have no fear that this in- United States should take the lead and sion that is not spelled out. We will no stitution will support the next Presi- consult with our allies and consult longer be irresponsible. We will take dent of the United States in his re- with Congress, as is required in the the responsibility that has been put on quest, if he comes forward and says: It Constitution. our shoulders by the people of our is my intention not to just leave this Our policy in the Balkans has been States. indefinitely but here is my plan to drifting. Ever since I came to Congress A vote for the Byrd-Warner amend- keep our troops over there. 7 years ago, it has been drifting be- ment will do exactly what we were I yield the floor. cause the administration has never elected to do; that is, take the respon- Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I ask unan- come to Congress and said: This is my sibility for our country and our allies. imous consent for 15 seconds to respond plan; will you approve it? Instead, he The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to my colleague. spends money from the Defense budget ator from Nebraska is recognized for 12 Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I am with no authorization and then comes minutes. happy to yield 15 seconds to the Sen- in and asks for emergency funds to re- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I yield ator. plenish the Department of Defense. Of myself 20 seconds. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without course, we are going to vote yes. Of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. course, we are going to replenish the objection, it is so ordered. Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I thank my funds that have already been spent so Mr. WARNER. I compliment my dis- distinguished senior colleague. We our troops will be paid and our equip- tinguished colleague from Texas. It is agree on so many things. Sometimes ment will be updated. Is this Senate very important that we get the type of we have to consider the cost of doing going to allow our troops to be de- message she has delivered today in the nothing as opposed to the cost of doing ployed on a mission that has never debate. I thank her. what we are doing. It is in that context been laid out? Is that a responsible ac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that I view this particular dilemma we tion of the Senate? The answer is no. ator from Nebraska is recognized for 12 face. I certainly share my distin- The Byrd-Warner amendment is taking minutes. guished senior colleague’s commitment the responsible action for the Senate. Mr. HAGEL. I thank the Chair.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.049 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4141 Mr. President, I rise today to support a policy? Withdrawal is not a policy. thing. I believe stability in Europe, the McCain-Levin amendment. Kosovo Why are we doing it now—less than 6 stability in the Balkans is in the inter- is complicated. It is frustrating, dan- months before America elects a new est of America. There is legitimate de- gerous, and fragile. President? We all of a sudden are quite bate on the other side, maybe, but I But I believe Kosovo and the Balkans agitated and excited about Kosovo. We think it is in our interest. America has are very clearly in the legitimate have had some time to deal with this. always represented hope, a better life, sphere of American security. As I lis- So we will ask our new President to a better world. We have made the world tened to the debate last night and this take office in a matter of months, at better. Yes, we can debate all of our morning—good, committed, informed the same time forming a new national military conflicts, involvements, and debate—I believe we are not debating policy team, new security, foreign pol- engagements since World War II—Viet- the congressional constitutional re- icy, working with new leaders, the Con- nam, Korea, Kuwait. Have we made sponsibility or authority in foreign pol- gress, the nuances and relationships mistakes? Yes, we have. But, generally, icy. I don’t think that is the issue. It that are all part of that, and imposed is the world better off, more peaceful, seems to me that the issue which, in upon him, encumbering him, is this ar- more prosperous, with more hope today my opinion, comes down two ways, is: bitrary deadline and this plan to with- because of America? Of course it is. Is this action a wise and correct action draw. I don’t think that is responsible. There is one other thing we tend to at this time? Two, what are the con- We leave this new President little lati- forget: As the leader of the world, we sequences of this action? tude, little flexibility. will always be asked and be required to Make no mistake, there will be con- What about the magnitude and seri- carry a heavier burden than any other ousness of this debate? If this is so im- sequences. We are always confronted nation. We may not like that; it may portant, why has it not been brought with imperfect choices. Conflict, peace- be unfair, but it is a fact. One of the before the Foreign Relations Com- keeping, war, how you deal with these reasons America is the greatest Nation mittee? Certainly, the Foreign Rela- problems always represents an impre- on earth, in the history of man, is be- tions Committee of the Senate should cise business. We don’t know the an- cause we have had the unique ability to have some responsibility in this de- swers. We don’t know the outcomes. control our own destiny. How have we bate. We have not had 1 minute of de- We don’t know all the dangers and done that? We have done it because we bate on this. This came up in an Appro- complications. These don’t come in were engaged; we were vigilant; we priations Committee meeting, with no tidy little boxes, or wrapped up in were strong. We anchored our country formal notice, and boom. This is re- easy-to-figure-out little equations. and our beliefs on principles, trusts, sponsible policymaking? I don’t think There are many unknowns. That is one and values. Others have responded to so. This is not a thoughtful approach to of the reasons why it is very unwise that. and very dangerous to set arbitrary something this serious. We need to listen to those who have These are all part of the dynamics of deadlines. They never work. responsibility for our troops on the this debate. Now, we have heard a lot this morn- ground. General Clark and others have I do not want my 9-year-old daughter ing and last night about what our Eu- had the interest of our young men and and 7-year-old son to inherit a world ropean allies have not done. Well, in women as their main responsibility. where America does not lead, if for no the fairness of this debate, I think we What do they say about this? They other reason, the next great power in should again remind those listening have said it is irresponsible, with dan- the world may not be as benevolent or that, currently, America’s ground gerous consequences. A heavy, dark judicious as America has been with its troops in Kosovo represent less than 15 cloud of dangerous uncertainty hangs power over the last 200 years. All of percent. Less than 15 percent of all over this debate. What are the other these dynamics are part of this equa- ground troops in Kosovo are American. consequences? Yes, there will be a vac- tion. This body must be very serious in That means 85 percent of the ground uum. But there are connecting rods as understanding that. troops are European—including, by the well here. Does anybody doubt, if we Let Americans speak in November. way, the Russians. would pass this, that this would not Let our people speak. Elect a new I think something else that is rel- have an effect on Milosevic and others President. That new President will evant to this debate is the fact that we like him, and their interpretation, and begin a new, productive, positive rela- have been there in Kosovo in this ca- their waiting game, and all that they tionship with the Congress. We can to- pacity, a peacekeeping responsibility, would do to wait us out? Of course not. gether work on a foreign policy that for less than 1 year. If we want to take Let’s get real. Let’s get real in this makes sense in a timely, effective way. this to the logical conclusion of lack of body. This isn’t theory. Does anybody That is the answer. That is a wiser congressional authority as to when, doubt that this would not have a re- course of action. That is a more re- where, how, and how long we are going sponsible consequence to our relation- sponsible course of action than voting to commit our peacekeeping forces, ship with our NATO allies, at the very for the Byrd-Warner amendment. then I suggest that we go back and time we are trying to convince our I might say before I end that it is be- have a good debate on Korea, and on NATO allies to go with us on a na- cause of Chairman WARNER’s efforts Japan, and on Europe. tional missile defense system—and we and leadership. That has been re- We did have a debate on Kosovo last will need that concurrence and co- counted last night and today. The Eu- year, and we had a rather significant operation with our NATO allies if we ropeans have in fact stepped up each vote on moving forward in supporting are going to, in fact, go forward with a day, each month, to more and more re- the President’s military action. Now, it ground-based national missile defense sponsibility to their obligations. And I stands to some reason that if we made system because we will need some thank the chairman for that. Rarely do that investment and we had that vote radar sites. Does this have an effect on I disagree with him, but in this case I and the American public was tuned in, that? Of course. Does it have an effect do. informed, educated, and their rep- on our new relationship with the Presi- I strongly encourage my colleagues resentatives were representing them in dent of Russia? Of course it does. Does to support the Levin amendment. this body, they had some sense of it have an effect on how the Chinese I yield the floor. Thank you. where we were going with this. Are we and the Taiwanese see America’s com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under going to walk away from what we mitment to its allies? Of course it does. the previous order, the Senator from achieved and have been achieving? It is These are big issues out here, Mr. Ohio is to be recognized. messy, yes; uncertain, yes; fragile, yes; President. We better understand the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask complicated, yes; but that is a very rel- bigger picture. There will certainly be for 60 seconds on my time. evant point to this debate. Then what consequences in the Balkans. Do we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there is connected to that question is, what think if we do leave, we plan to leave objection? happens next? the Balkans better than we found it? I Without objection, it is so ordered. Does anybody in this Chamber be- don’t think so. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank lieve that the Byrd-Warner amend- America’s word means something. my distinguished colleague for his very ment, planning to plan to withdraw, is America’s commitment means some- important contribution to the debate.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.052 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 It has been one of the best debates on sary of the end of the NATO air cam- For those of my colleagues who are foreign policy we have had in the Sen- paign in Kosovo. But just like a year interested in seeing Europe take on ate I think this year. I appreciate his ago, we find ourselves debating U.S. more responsibility in southeastern references to the Senator from Vir- military involvement in Kosovo and Europe, the issue is, does the Byrd- ginia. what the U.S. mission in southeastern Warner language help or hurt? We have accomplished much of what Europe should be. I believe it would hurt, because I we set out to do in this amendment. I With respect to southeastern Europe, know that the Europeans have made bring to the Senator’s attention that I believe the Byrd-Warner language the commitment, and are continuing to yesterday there were 263 votes in the that has been included in this Military make the commitment, to their south- House of Representatives in support of Construction Appropriations bill is the eastern European neighbors. the principles that are embodied in the wrong approach at the wrong time. In This past February, I was in Brussels Byrd-Warner amendment. The other addition to our direct national security to make my feelings known on the sub- body spoke just yesterday. But I say to interests in Europe that would be ject of fair-share burdensharing to the my dear friend that I am willing to cal- threatened by this provision, our ef- leadership of the European Union. I culate we have spent close to $20 bil- forts to encourage the establishment of was pleasantly surprised to learn that lion in Bosnia and Kosovo. I will place the rule of law, universal respect for the Europeans basically understand it in the RECORD. minority rights and market economies that unless the Balkan region is fully This is, in a sense, handing out an- throughout southeastern Europe would integrated into the broader European other blank check for $1.8 billion in be devastated by the Byrd-Warner lan- community, the region will ‘‘Balkanize this supplemental for Kosovo with no guage. Europe.’’ I was further pleased to see clear, decisive action for the Congress In the aftermath of the air war over the Europeans taking the necessary requiring a strategy as to when our Kosovo, we have an opportunity to steps that will eventually include the troops can hopefully be considered work with the international commu- nations of the region in the EU and along with others to be withdrawn. nity to integrate the nations of the re- NATO. I say to my good friend, how many of gion into the broader European com- Of the total financial support com- my colleagues are calling back home munity; an action I believe will help mitted to Kosovo by the international today to get the sentiments of home- avoid the continuation of the blood- community, including humanitarian, town America and put them shed and destruction we’ve seen over development, economic recovery and against—— the last decade. To effectively threaten reconstruction assistance, the U.S. has The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a troop pull-out—which the Byrd-War- pledged 15 percent, while the rest of the ator from Virginia has consumed 1 ner language does—jeopardizes our ef- world has pledged 85 percent. minute. forts to take advantage of the world- Of the total amount pledged for the Mr. WARNER. The sentiments ex- wide interest in the region, and our operations of the UN Mission in pressed so fervently by those wanting ability to make an historic positive Kosovo, UNMIK, the EU and its mem- to strike on behalf of our allies? There change for the future in southeastern ber countries have pledged 74 percent, are 350-plus years of history, going Europe. and the U.S. 13.2 percent. back before World War II, of our stead- Mr. President, we have American In addition, at the Stability Pact fast alliance to our allies, and they can military resources on the ground and conference in Brussels this past March, anticipate another 50 years. But on in the skies in southeastern Europe four dozen countries and three dozen this, it is time for Congress to speak. with the specific intent of bringing organizations pledged $2.3 billion—well The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- peace and stability to the region. above the $1.7 billion goal to fund re- ator from Michigan. Unfortunately, the Byrd-Warner gional economic development and in- Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent amendment will be viewed by friend I be allowed to speak for 1 minute on and foe alike in the region as a unilat- frastructure projects in southeast Eu- my time. eral troop pull-out of Kosovo and an rope over the next twelve months. I be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without end to the commitment the United lieve this commitment represents one objection, it is so ordered. States of America has made to our Eu- of the first positive steps that has been Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, first I ropean allies to help bring peace to the taken since the end of the air war to- thank Senator HAGEL for a statement war-torn Balkans. wards restoring peace and stability to which is very meaningful because of The Byrd-Warner language requires the region. the broad picture he drew, and also the the next president to make a difficult What I am saying is: on the whole, interrelationship between what we are determination on American presence in the Europeans are meeting the chal- voting on and the whole host of other Kosovo soon after his election—a time lenge. They are supplying the funds issues that are connected to it and im- when he should be working to establish and they understand the importance of pacted by it, as well as for the life ex- and implement his foreign policy agen- involvement in the region. They are perience and the life study he has da for our nation with his senior man- surpassing the thresholds established brought to these questions. agement team including his National in the Byrd-Warner language. In response to the good Senator from Security Advisor, Secretary of State, What the U.S. needs to do is encour- Virginia, I can only say what was voted Secretary of Defense and Chairman of age them. For those nations that are on in the House yesterday is dramati- the Joint Chiefs of Staff. responding to the challenge, pat them cally different from what we will be It will be a period when he will need on the back. And for those that aren’t, voting on. In addition to the funds that to measure his allies and become inti- coax them into contributing. We he made reference to that we have mately familiar with a myriad of for- should be working with our allies in a spent to avoid a wider war, even great- eign policy challenges. His decisions cooperative fashion and not a er expenditures of funds have been well will have a wide national security im- confrontational one. spent, in my judgment. And, indeed, pact and must not be made hastily, but We need to understand that while the the good chairman of our committee that is what the Byrd-Warner language Europeans are handling the bulk of the has been very supportive of those ef- does. spending in the region, we must also be forts. Mr. President, if we are to succeed in willing to come to the table to provide We should not pull back from the opposing aggression around the globe, leadership and a little bit of a financial success which has been achieved be- we need to work with our allies. How- commitment. When I was in Brussels, cause the American people have made ever, what the Byrd-Warner language the importance of the United States to a commitment to stability in the Bal- would do is show our NATO allies that provide leadership was underscored by kans to avoid a much broader problem as far as peace and security in Europe members of NATO and the EU alike. in Europe and around the world. is concerned, particularly in south- In addition, our leadership is abso- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- eastern Europe, it is Congress’ inten- lutely desired and sought by the bene- ator from Ohio is recognized. tion to extricate ourselves. I don’t be- factors of the Stability Pact. Just last Mr. VOINOVICH. Mr. President, we lieve that is the message that the U.S. week, I received a letter from the Bul- are approaching the one year anniver- wants to convey. garian Minister of Foreign Affairs,

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.055 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4143 Nadezhda Mihailova, who reiterated order to destabilize the government of young men and women into harm’s way the need for the United States to stay Macedonia, and put in its place a gov- beyond our shores. We have an obliga- at the table. She said: ernment run by Albanians, for Alba- tion to them. If we are going to vote to . . . the importance of U.S. leadership in nians. There is genuine concern in strike the Byrd-Warner amendment, in southeastern Europe during reconstruction Macedonia, as well as other nations, essence we are saying Congress is out and beyond cannot be overestimated—it is that if the United States leaves south- of it. It is another blank check. Add up critical to the future success of the region. eastern Europe, the deterrent factor on Bosnia; it is about $11 billion to $12 bil- It is imperative that we stay focused the extremist elements will have been lion. We are approaching $20 billion for and interested in what happens in this removed, allowing for further regional U.S. participation in this critical part region of the world. instability. of the world. We should try to imagine what ac- Mr. President, I have the greatest re- I certainly agree it is in our security tions Slobodan Milosevic will take if spect for my distinguished colleagues, interests to have been with NATO in he knows that the United States has Senators WARNER and BYRD, but their Bosnia, then with NATO in Kosovo. We given up its commitment to restoring amendment to this bill puts us on a did the bulk of the fighting in the 78- peace in Kosovo. Imagine the last U.S. course that will unravel the prospect of day war. How proud we are of the men plane, the last armored personnel car- a peaceful integration of southeastern and women of the Armed Forces. Now rier, the last U.S. soldier leaving Europe into the whole of Europe. we have an obligation to those serving Kosovo. How confident can we be that We have the ability to help keep the today. For an indefinite commitment, Milosevic will not renew his reign of peace in southeastern Europe, and I be- there is no one who can come forth in terror against the people of Kosovo in lieve we should continue to provide our this Chamber—and I ask anyone to an effort to solidify his power. What if leadership and our fair share of the come forth in this Chamber—and give he moves aggressively into Montenegro costs during the next several years as any time expectation as to when this to quell the Djukanovic threat in the we deal with the transition in Kosovo commitment terminates. vacuum created by the American with- and the fall from power of Slobodan The Byrd-Warner amendment, within drawal. What will the United States do Milosevic. We should ensure the coun- the confines of the constitutional re- then? tries of the region that we do care sponsibility of the Congress, is trying We are also trying to get the Kosovo about their future, and that we under- to lay down a strategy and some infor- Albanian community, especially stand how fragile the political situa- mation for the American people who former members of the KLA, to support tion is in countries like Bulgaria, Mac- are paying the bills and sending forth the rule of law and help establish a edonia, Romania and Croatia. We need the troops. To strike this language is governmental framework to make it to let them know that we understand back to business as usual, blank checks work. Can any of my colleagues imag- how important it is to support their which will total, just in Kosovo alone, ine the psychological blow to this new democratic leadership as they $8 billion. Then the section about our allies. cause if they believe that the U.S. is transition to multi-ethnic societies They fought bravely with us to the ex- pulling the plug and leaving? There is that respect human rights, the rule of tent they had the air assets, the lift as- no way they will disarm. And, as a law and which embrace market econo- matter of fact, without U.S. support, sets, the highly technical guided am- mies. munitions. They fought bravely. This the moderate factions could be swept- A commitment on the part of the is no disrespect to any soldier, sailor, up into the arms of the zealots. United States to the Balkans on all of airman, or marine of any nation that Can you also imagine what the pros- these items will help ensure stability pect a U.S. pull-out will have on the fought in that the 78-day war. for generations to come. I believe by In a sense, we are fighting for their Kosovo Serbs who have not fled; who working together—Congress and the own interest in knowing how long they chose to stay and try to live in peace White House—we can come up with a are going to be there. No one can come with the Kosovo Albanians? What solution that will allow for the United to this floor and controvert the Sen- about those we encouraged to stay to States to continue to live up to such a ator from Virginia saying in January help be a part of the interim govern- commitment in southeastern Europe. and February and March of this year ment? With Milosevic’s campaign of Our allies are willing to stay the they were falling behind in their com- ethnic cleansing still fresh in the course; they have made a commitment mitments they made following that minds of many Kosovo Albanians, what to southeastern Europe and have put war to provide economic assistance, will become of the Kosovo Serbs with- their money where their mouth is. It’s humanitarian assistance, police. out the protection of the United no time for us to leave them high and We got their attention. I thank Sen- States? What will become of the fragile dry. It is not in the interest of our na- ator STEVENS, Senator INOUYE. It was a peace and the fledgling government tional security, our economic interests bipartisan effort. Many Members came that we are trying to establish? It is or the cause of peace in the world. to the floor and laid in the RECORD the my belief that even the possibility of I urge my colleagues to support the intention to bring this issue on the departure will destroy any chance for Levin amendment. first legislative vehicle we could. That stability in Kosovo, as well as end the Thank you, Mr. President. I yield the is before the Senate today, the require- prospect of reconciliation in Kosovo. floor. ment for our allies to fulfill their com- And what about extremist factions Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I will mitments. They are doing that. I am throughout the region, in Bosnia, Mac- speak for a minute awaiting Senator confident that the President can make edonia, Croatia, etc.—factions that LEVIN’s appearance on the floor. the certification as required in a sec- have remained relatively dormant due As we approach the desk for this his- tion of this amendment and certify to the U.S. presence? I think about Mr. toric vote, and it will be a historic that the allies have at long last met Arber Xhaferi in Macedonia, one of the vote, I point out to my colleagues we their commitments. key leaders of the Albanian community have in the past contributed, in fiscal This is a historic vote. It affects not there, who’s working with President year 1999, $4.5 billion for this action in only our commitments in this world- Boris Trajkovski to create a truly Kosovo. We are about to vote on, in a wide and important place in the Bal- multi-ethnic Macedonia. President sense, another blank check, for $1.85 kan region but all the other commit- Trajkovski’s democratically elected billion. In the bill I am working on and ments. It will set a standard by which government has made it clear that the will bring to the floor hopefully next the Congress will have said that we are ethnic Albanian community, which week and pass on to the appropriators, going to enter our decision power makes up roughly 25 percent to 30 per- there is authorization for another $1.65 under the Constitution as we send cent of the population, is an integral billion for a total of up to $8 billion for forth men and women of the Armed and respected component of society. Kosovo. Forces into harm’s way and expend the However, there is evidence of an ex- I think we have an obligation to the taxpayers’ money in such enormous tremist element within the ethnic Al- people of our Nation in hometown sums. banian community. These individuals America who are paying this through Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, how much are willing to resort to violence in their taxes, who are sending forth the time remains on both sides?

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.058 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FITZ- there would be no further moneys un- has three main objectives. First, it ter- GERALD). The Senator from Michigan less the President comes back and re- minates funding for the continued de- has 69 minutes and there is a total of 63 quests them and Congress authorizes? ployment of U.S. ground combat troops minutes for Senators BYRD and WAR- Mr. LEVIN. My guess is, and I could in Kosovo after July 1, 2001, unless the NER. be wrong on this, that happened on two President seeks and receives congres- Mr. LEVIN. I yield myself 1 minute. recent occasions at least. We properly, sional authorization to keep troops in I happen to agree with the Senator in my judgment, said troops must be Kosovo. In other words, a year from and fought very hard with him to get out of Somalia by a certain date; now something happens automatically the Europeans to do more. We have troops must be out of Haiti by a cer- unless we reverse ourselves. succeeded. They are not up to 85 per- tain date, period. We approved that and Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the cent of the combat forces, which is ex- I supported that. This language is very Senator yield? actly what we wanted them to do. They different from that. Mr. LEVIN. I will be happy to yield. are coming across with more police be- Mr. BYRD. In what respect? Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, we said the cause of the pressure we put on them. Mr. LEVIN. This language says that same thing on October 14, 1993, with Senator WARNER, I, and others put we are deciding now that next year the reference to Somalia. Let me read pressure on the Europeans to do more troops must leave, unless—unless— what the language said: to carry through with their commit- later on Congress changes its mind. It . . . Provided further, That funds appro- ments. I think that pressure is useful. is on automatic pilot. If the President priated, or otherwise made available, in this The language before the Senate has does not request in a year, and unless or any other Act to the Department of De- two parts. The first part says if they the Congress authorizes in a year—in fense may be obligated for expenses incurred don’t meet specified targets in a cer- other words if the Congress does noth- only through March 31, 1994— tain date, we are out of there—unless, ing, if the Congress does not change its Remember, we are talking on Octo- of course, Congress decides to change mind—we are saying now that the ber 14, 1993— its mind. What we are putting in place troops are out of there in a year. That . . . That funds appropriated, or otherwise on automatic pilot, we are out of there creates a year of very dangerous uncer- made available, in this or any other Act to unless certain, specific, commitments tainty, according to our recent com- the Department of Defense may be obligated can be kept. mander, according to the head of for expenses incurred only through March 31, The head of the Office of Manage- NATO, according to the Secretary of 1994,— ment and Budget, by the way, has gone Defense. It is that year of dangerous Several months away— through the items and has said those uncertainty which is being created for the operations of United States Armed specific items at this moment can’t be here. Forces in Somalia: Provided further, That certified, at least three out of four, for This is not a question, if I may say such date may be extended if so requested by some very technical reason. But there on my time, of the power of Congress. the President and authorized by the Con- is a second part to this. Even if the Eu- I could not agree with the Senator gress. . . . ropeans do all that is required by this from West Virginia more. We have the That is what we are doing here ex- amendment in the first half of it —or power to do what is being proposed. actly, precisely. So what is so new in half of it—we are pulling out any- There is no doubt about it. We can set about it? way. The second part of the amend- deadlines. We can set conditional dead- I thank the Senator for yielding. ment says unless Congress changes its lines. We can set deadlines which are Mr. LEVIN. The question is whether mind by next July, we are pulling our going to take place unless something it is wise to do this when we have just forces out of there. else happens. been successful in Kosovo. In Somalia, This is a totally inconsistent mes- The question here is the wisdom—the we had determined to withdraw. The sage in the language before us. Half the wisdom of doing what is being proposed sponsors of this language suggest we message is: You have to do certain here, of deciding now that troops are are not exactly determining to with- things by certain dates, Europeans. going to come out of Kosovo, that they draw; we are sort of planning to with- The second half of the message is: Even must be withdrawn unless, a year from draw and we can change our mind. if you do that, we are out of there. We now, the Congress changes its mind That was not the case in Somalia. In need a plan, and unless the President and decides to authorize it following a Somalia, we had decided—and I very requests and Congress authorizes, our request from the President. What that strongly supported the decision—to troops are out of there. Those are in- precipitates is a year of very dangerous withdraw. It was time to withdraw and consistent directions. It seems to me uncertainty, of wavering commitment we made that decision. It was the right wrong for many reasons which have to an alliance, and this is what both one. It was wise in the circumstances. been outlined. General Clark, the head of NATO, and We decided to pull our forces out. I notice the Senator from Con- our Secretary of Defense have outlined Here it seems to me that is the ques- necticut and the Senator from West for us. tion: Do we want to pull our forces out Virginia are on the floor. I do not know Again, the question is not the power now? To say now that a year from now if the Senator from Connecticut is of the Congress to do what is being sug- our forces are out of there? It seems to ready, and I do not know if the Senator gested by my good friend from West me that is the question, not the power from West Virginia is ready. But I in- Virginia. That is indisputable. If that of Congress. quire, perhaps of both of them, if I were the issue—does Congress have the The constitutional question, if put to could, whether or not they both wish to power to do this—this vote I hope this body, I hope would have a 100–0 proceed at this time. Could I ask the would be 100–0, that we have the power vote that we have the power to do what Senator from West Virginia? to do this. The question is its wisdom. is being proposed. But on whether it is Mr. BYRD. Yes, I hope the distin- What is the impact of the uncertainty, wise when we have just been success- guished Senator from Connecticut, Mr. the trumpet that is unclear and uncer- ful—part of a coalition fighting to- LIEBERMAN, will proceed. tain, when we have just been successful gether for the first time, putting pres- I have a question, if I might ask the in Kosovo with NATO allies? We are sure on our allies to do more; suc- Senator. now asking NATO allies to do more— ceeding in that pressure, they re- Mr. LEVIN. Would this be on the and they are doing more; now up to 85 sponded with now up to 85 percent of Senator’s time? percent of the ground forces. The ques- the ground forces—in that same lan- Mr. BYRD. No, it will be on the time tion is the wisdom then to put into guage to say we are planning now on of the Senator from Michigan. It is a place language which says unless Con- getting out a year from now, that is very brief question. I am alluding to gress changes its mind a year from now the question. It is the wisdom of this something the Senator said. we are out of this? language, not the power of Congress to Is the Senator under an impression And if I can quote, since I am on my pass it. that there has been no previous occa- time, this is the main objective of the I thank my good friend from West sion when Congress has laid down a language. According to the sponsors’ Virginia and yield up to 20 minutes to certain date and said after that date Dear Colleague letter, the provision the Senator from Connecticut.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.060 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4145 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- gage our European allies and threat- the most bloody in history, unfortu- ator from Connecticut. ened the stability of that region so im- nately. One of the lessons is, if you Mr. LIEBERMAN. I thank the Chair portant to us. turn your back on aggression and geno- and my friend from Michigan and my I begin this way because what I want cide, in the end it will find you; it will friend from West Virginia for his cour- to suggest, and I hope I can convince force you to turn your face to it; and tesy allowing me to go forward. people, is that what happened in you will face carnage and will be drawn Mr. President, I rise to support the Kosovo—the outbreak, again, of barba- into it at a cost that is ultimately so motion to strike, and in doing so I join rism, aggression against the people by much greater. colleagues before me who have ex- force and what became cosmetically We achieved a great victory. I sup- pressed what is clearly our very sincere described as ethnic cleansing—was a port this amendment to strike because respect for the two cosponsors of the singling out of people because of their the language in the underlying bill part of the underlying bill which we ethnicity, coincidentally their religion, that it would strike I fear, I say re- seek to strike with our motion. There and they were subjected to mass forced spectfully, will snatch defeat from the honestly are two no more distinguished movement, exile from their country, jaws of victory. It will shake our alli- Members of this body. May I say there murder, rape, and torture. ance. It will send a message to Mr. are no more patriotic citizens that I The fires were burning again in the Milosevic, as has been said over and have ever met than the Senator from Balkans, and this time, having more over: Just wait it out; the United West Virginia and the Senator from recently confronted a similar threat in States is not a resolute power; it Virginia. So I go forward with a certain Bosnia, we waited, in my opinion, too doesn’t understand what it did in Eu- sense of awkwardness but certainly long to get involved. We and our NATO rope. with a profound sense of respect for the allies acted on an immensely success- It would encourage, unfortunately, two of them, even as I disagree with ful air campaign a little more than a those in Kosovo, particularly the Alba- the provision regarding Kosovo that year ago which stopped the barbarism, nians I fear, to a certain extent the they have added to this appropriations stopped the aggression, stopped the Serbs, to worry we are about to leave bill before us. killing, and allowed more than a mil- and to begin to take up arms again, the Much has been said on both sides. I lion refugees to return to the homes very arms, as part of this peace we are will try to either say it quickly or add from which they had been brutally helping to enforce, they gave up. The a few new thoughts. It seems to me we forced. Kosovo Liberation Army turned over have to begin here by looking back- All of this is by way of saying that its arms to the peacekeeping authori- wards; in some senses, way backwards. what happened in Kosovo that led to ties. By coincidence, last night I was read- the peacekeeping in which we are in- I know those who have sponsored the ing a new biography of President Wood- volved—and which is threatened by the underlying amendment have said it is row Wilson. underlying amendment offered by the not their intention to cut and run, to One of the chapters begins with a de- Senators from West Virginia and Vir- undercut NATO, to encourage scription of the election of 1912. The ginia—was a great victory. It was a Milosevic, but I fear that will be the ef- opening line says that as people were great victory. fect of this proposal, notwithstanding going to vote in the United States in General Clark recently returned from the intentions of its distinguished 1912—and the great choices were Wil- his position as SACEUR, our Supreme sponsors. If, as has been said by proponents of son, Teddy Roosevelt, and Taft—no one Allied Commander in Europe, a his- the underlying provision, this is just a had in mind or could have imagined toric position, a position of great im- message to our allies in Europe to meet that 2 years later an event would occur portance. He has been quoted fre- their commitments, if it is just giving in the Balkans that would eventually quently on the floor. In conversation an opportunity to the incoming Presi- with him, one of the things he said to draw almost 2 million people into com- dent next year, whomever it may be, me a week ago was that the reaction to bat in that far away quarter—World whichever candidate it may be, to offer what happened in Kosovo from the Eu- War I. a plan to make a decision, then let’s do We have struggled with, been affected ropean public and the American public, that. Let’s not put America on a course by, lost lives as a result of conflict in including particularly the American to withdraw, which is what this under- the Balkans which spread throughout political elite, was so remarkably dif- lying proposal does, to literally cut and Europe and which has always eventu- ferent. In Europe, there was a sense of run. Let’s leave it to the next Presi- ally engaged us because of our intimate extraordinary pride about the course of dent to make those decisions. relationship with Europe. We are a na- events as they concluded last year in I was quite struck and appreciative tion that, at the outset, was formed by Kosovo, that stability, that freedom, of the statement Governor Bush has children of Europe, by people who left that human rights had won a victory in made on this. It is a statement that is Europe to come to these shores. We, of Kosovo. Here General Clark worried made in the national interest. I hope course, are much broader and more the reaction was not so clear, that all of us will heed it because it means multicultural than that now, but that there was not the sense of pride that the two major party candidates, Vice was our origin. should have been felt because of a piv- President GORE and Governor Bush, Today our military and economic otal leadership role the United States both have said they feel the underlying ties, our security and cultural ties with of America played in ending the barba- amendment would not only be bad for Europe are deep and they are broad. We rism and aggression in Kosovo. America’s national security interests may in the push and pull of the mo- I mention this today because it is but is something they do not want be- ment be drawn to other parts of the perhaps that differing attitude that cause it will hamstring whomever is world. We are a global power today. leads us in the Senate to consider the privileged to occupy the White House But the base of our strength and the Byrd-Warner amendment to this Ap- in January of next year. most comprehensive economic rela- propriations Committee bill, and also Much has been said about the effects tionships we have and the heart of our now we have witnessed the House take of this amendment. I want to just add international security posture has al- similar action on the question of this in addition to the way in which it ways been in Europe and is today. whether our European allies are doing will encourage Milosevic. Europe is What happens in Europe matters to us enough. Maybe we in this country stable now and yet not fully stable. A today as it did in the second decade of never appreciated the significance of new Government has come to power in this century, bloody as it was, which what we did. Russia. It is a Government that we are began with conflict in the Balkans. I believe history will show, when his- hopeful about and yet uncertain. Again, as the ‘‘third world war’’ of torians look back at the 1990s and The people of Central and Eastern the last century concluded—and I say judge what occurred, the United States Europe, who lived under Soviet domi- that referring to the cold war—and new and NATO interventions in Bosnia and nation for, oh, those four and more dec- alliances began the movement of peo- Kosovo was a turning point, as an ex- ades, in some cases, are now beginning ple, conflict broke out in the Balkans ample that we and our allies had to stretch, to be free, to develop mar- and threatened to go further and en- learned the lessons of the 20th century, ket-based economies, self-government,

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.065 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 national independence. Some of them— part of the Byrd-Warner amendment. constitutional question that we have three—now have joined NATO; a whole But the accounting can be difficult. an obligation to exercise our judgment other group—I believe it is nine—have I think the amendment, if it is put in and decide whether we should stay or been put in line. This is a historic de- place, becomes meddlesome and trou- not—and, again, I say the way to do velopment and the most extraordinary blesome because it sends a message of that is not to put us on a march to and enormous victory for the forces of doubt about our support and, on a tech- withdrawal when we are succeeding— victory and freedom that won the cold nical accounting basis, actually could but, he says, this amendment ‘‘also war. put us in a position where the Presi- serves for some as a false flag flying I want to suggest to my colleagues dent could find it difficult, on the tech- over isolationist sentiment—an oppor- that putting us on a course to with- nicalities, to certify that the Euro- tunity to vent discontent with a whole draw our forces from Kosovo, from the peans have done what this amendment range of American commitments with- peacekeeping effort, to withdraw our requires them to do. Therefore, we out openly stating the general case. financial support for the economic and would be on the road to withdrawal, For some, setting a deadline for the humanitarian reconstruction, will send with all the consequences I have de- withdrawal of U.S. troops from Kosovo a message of faithlessness, if I can say scribed. has nothing whatsoever to do with that, of irresoluteness, of lack of con- Surely there are better ways for us to Kosovo; it’s just the opportune applica- cern by the world’s superpower—the express to our allies in Europe that we tion of a general principle of disengage- beacon of hope for those who yearn for believe they are not meeting their ment to a particular case.’’ freedom and now have achieved it post- commitments than this blunt instru- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cold war in Central and Eastern Eu- ment, putting this amendment on this ator’s 20 minutes have expired. rope—that perhaps our commitment appropriations bill. It is for that reason Mr. LIEBERMAN. I ask unanimous there is not firm, and that as they I support so strongly this motion to consent to have 2 more minutes. begin to enjoy the sunlight of liberty, strike. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we may be pulling back and not wor- I will just add two general points. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I do ried if the clouds begin to come over The first is from a very interesting col- think we have to ask ourselves—I do them again. umn from the Washington Times by not make any accusations here, of Our presence in Kosovo, important as Mr. Tod Lindberg on Tuesday, May 16, course, with respect to all my col- it is to keeping the peace in Kosovo, is in which he, quite correctly, points to leagues. Lingering behind some senti- clearly more broadly important to the the ambivalence Congress has ex- ments is not just specific concern ongoing march of freedom for which we pressed regarding Kosovo, an ambiva- about Kosovo but what Mr. Lindberg fought and won the cold war. In that lence which is so inconsistent; it re- calls, in the Washington Times, ‘‘the sense, too, we would begin to be minds us that although Congress has opportune application of a general snatching defeat from the jaws of the the power of the purse, that is why we elect Presidents and we call them Com- principle of disengagement....’’ great victory we won in the cold war. If it is that, it is extremely con- The same is true for places of conflict manders in Chief and why we expect sequential. We have been tempted over throughout the world where this kind them to make the foreign and military our history and have fought the im- of American irresoluteness—what will policy of our country, because with 535 pulse of isolationism and disengage- appear to be, whether it is intended or of us, it would be hard for us to get to- ment from the world, and every time not, a cut-and-run approach—will en- gether and do what we need to do to we have succumbed it has come back to courage the enemies of freedom, the protect our national interests with the kind of authority a Commander in cost us dearly. enemies of the United States, to take I sat with our colleague from Ne- action, with the hope that the United Chief can have. Of course, we have the power of the braska, Senator KERREY, a week or two States does not care anymore, that we ago, discussing this very issue. Perhaps have grown either so comfortable or so purse, and we can exercise it. But we have tended, too often, to go in dif- he has told this story on the floor. But isolationist that we have taken a he reminded me, on the 25th anniver- shorter range of view and are not pre- ferent directions. As Mr. Lindberg points out: sary of the end of the Vietnam war, a pared to exercise the political, stra- newspaper asked him, because he is a tegic, and moral leadership on which I Kosovo, more or less from the moment the issues there became critical in the fall of distinguished and honored veteran of continue to believe the world depends. that conflict, whether he would write Much has been said here about the 1998, has not exactly been Congress’ finest his thoughts about it. He said one of question of what our European allies hour. The nadir, perhaps, came a year ago during NATO’s air campaign itself, [while the thoughts that came to his mind is have done or not done. I was at the an- our pilots’ flying actions endangered them- that 25 years after the end of the first nual security conference in Munich in selves over the Balkans] when the House of war—which I referred to at the opening February. We were battling with our Representatives voted within a short span of my remarks—in 1943, the sons and European allies about whether they not to support the campaign and to double some of the daughters of those who kept this $35 million commitment they funding for it. fought in the First World War, which made. They had not kept it then. They Remember the words from the Bible: ended in 1918, in 1943, were training for have done it now. If the sound of the trumpet is not and beginning to go to war in Europe. But as has been said over and over clear, who will follow into battle? And The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- again—I will not belabor it—the Euro- 535 voices often find it hard not to ator’s additional 2 minutes have ex- peans are paying more than their fair sound a clear trumpet. I think that has pired. share, which is to say they are paying been the case here. It will be the case Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I the overwhelming majority of the costs if we do not strike this provision from ask the Chair for up to 5 more minutes. of the military and the humanitarian this bill. I hope not to use them. operation. Mr. Lindbergh finally, at the end of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Although the numbers are very dif- the column, makes a few points which ator from Michigan controls the time. ficult to be totally comfortable about I also would like to quote. He thinks Mr. LEVIN. I ask the Chair how as to who has given what—and I have what is expressed in this underlying much time remains on our side. tried very hard, working with the Con- amendment that we now seek to strike The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty- gressional Research Service, the World is not just concern about whether the seven minutes. Bank, the European Commission, and Europeans are keeping their financial Mr. LEVIN. I yield 3 additional min- the Department of Defense, to pin commitments, but I believe a strong utes. these down—it does seem to me that, argument could be made that they are; Mr. LIEBERMAN. The powerful point overall, an argument could be made clearly, we are paying only a minority of the Senator from Nebraska, Mr. not just that the Europeans are paying of the costs of this operation. That is KERREY, our distinguished colleague, 80 or 85 percent of the costs of these op- undeniable. was that, because the world and Amer- erations in Kosovo but that they have What is at work here, Mr. Lindberg ica did not learn the lesson of engage- met the terms thereby of the Warner says—I think, correctly—is not just the ment after World War I, 25 years later

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 00:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.068 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4147 the sons and daughters of those who on putting our men and women in lishes are directed at the President.— fought in World War I were again en- harm’s way and spending their tax dol- who may be Mr. Bush or Mr. GORE—and tering an even bloodier conflict, World lars without the consent of their elect- require him to seek congressional au- War II. Twenty-five years after the end ed representatives. Where is the wis- thorization to continue the deployment of Vietnam, because America had dom in that course? Where is the wis- of U.S. ground combat troops in learned the lesson, had not turned iso- dom in allowing a policy of indefinite Kosovo. lationist, had been engaged, the sons drift in the Balkans with no end strat- Yes, I believe that U.S. ground com- and daughters of those who fought in egy and no clearly defined goal? bat troops should be withdrawn from Vietnam were not heading in massive We have heard a great deal of impas- Kosovo, in a safe, orderly, and phased numbers into a bloody world conflict. sioned, occasionally inflammatory, de- withdrawal. The price of that difference is involve- bate over Kosovo in recent hours, the Our provision gives the administra- ment in potential conflicts which can first such debate we have had since tion a year to come up with an exit grow into conflagrations, such as those U.S. ground troops entered Kosovo 11 strategy. We don’t have one. Is it too in Kosovo. months ago as part of a NATO peace- much to ask that we have one? It re- Mr. Lindberg closes his op-ed piece keeping operation. quires that two plans outlining a with- by saying: I welcome this debate. It’s about drawal be submitted to Congress—an The deadline in the Byrd-Warner amend- time. And I am glad that so many Sen- interim plan to be submitted by the ment seems clear enough. But a deadline for ators are engaged in this debate. But current President, Mr. Clinton, and a withdrawal is not a policy. It’s an anti-pol- before we bring this discussion to a final plan to be submitted by the next icy. It says that as of the date specified, we head, I think that we need to address President, be it Mr. Bush or Mr. GORE. don’t care what happens. If that sentiment is some of the more outrageous claims Moreover, our provision explicitly di- ever powerful enough to override a presi- that have been made about the Byrd- rects this President and the next Presi- dential veto, we are going to have a world of Warner provision. To hear some speak, dent to develop their plans in consulta- trouble on our hands. this amendment will mean the end of tion with our NATO allies, and to en- With all respect, this is a momentous civilization as we know it. Hardly. sure that the plans provide for an or- vote the Senate will cast today. I urge Hardly. I appreciate the usefulness of derly transition to an all-European my colleagues to vote for the motion hyperbole in speech making as much as ground troop element in Kosovo. We to strike. I thank the Chair and yield anyone, but it is time to bring this de- are not pulling the rug out from under the floor. bate back to the realm of reality. our NATO allies. We are not discour- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I have also heard, over and over aging them from seeing the job ator from West Virginia. again, that this provision is a slap in through. We are encouraging them to Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, how much the face of our allies; that they are al- take full responsibility, in terms of time do I have? ready shouldering the lion’s share of ground combat troops, for the security The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the peacekeeping and reconstruction of the Balkans. We are encouraging our ator has 61 minutes. burden in Kosovo, and that what we are allies to meet their commitments in Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair. I ask doing is tantamount to abandoning Kosovo. We are encouraging them to unanimous consent that the last 15 NATO. I simply don’t buy that. I be- demonstrate that the United States minutes of my remarks be reserved lieve that Congress has every right to does not always have to be the lead dog until just prior to the vote. demand an accounting from the Presi- in a NATO operation. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there dent on the level of effort that all the I have heard it said that the Byrd- objection? participants are expending in Kosovo. Warner provision could deal a death Mr. LEVIN. Reserving the right to That to me is not a slap in the face of blow to NATO; that the alliance will object, I wonder if the Senator from the allies; that is basic bookkeeping. crumble if the United States brings a West Virginia would allow the pro- I read carefully the letter that Gen- few thousand men and women home ponents to conclude, since we have to eral Wesley Clark, former Supreme Al- from Kosovo. That kind of talk is reck- carry the burden here. Senator lied Commander of NATO forces in Eu- less; it is demoralizing to our allies. DASCHLE also wants to speak. If the rope, sent to Senator LEVIN. I was The NATO alliance will not collapse if Senator could speak his last 15 min- frankly shocked at his conclusions. the United States does not have ground utes, say, from 2 to 2:15, allowing the Gen. Clark wrote: ‘‘In fact, these meas- combat troops in Kosovo. And if by proponents to wind up, I think that ures’’—referring to the Byrd-Warner some chance the allies are so shaky would be the fair way to break this provision—‘‘would invalidate the poli- that the Byrd-Warner Kosovo provision down. cies, commitments and trust of our Al- would cause it to disintegrate, then I Mr. BYRD. Well, I don’t know. I lies in NATO, undercut U.S. leadership think we need to give some thought as think as good an argument could be worldwide’’—how ridiculous—‘‘and en- to why we are lending such a major made for those who have established an courage renewed ethnic tension, fight- amount of support to such a paper amendment here and who want to de- ing and instability in the Balkans. Fur- tiger. I believe the United States is the fend it at the end. I would like 10 min- thermore, they would, if enacted, in- strongest member of NATO, but I do utes. I certainly understand Mr. validate the dedication and commit- not believe for a moment the United DASCHLE’s situation. He has time of his ment of our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, States has to prop up NATO at every own. He has leader time he can use. and Marines, disregarding the sac- step of the way. Mr. LEVIN. I wonder if the Senator rifices they and their families have Let me return for a moment to the from West Virginia might then reserve made to help bring peace to the Bal- notion that the Byrd-Warner provision the last 10 minutes of his remarks from kans.’’ sets a de facto deadline for a pullout of 2:10 to 2:20, allowing Senator DASCHLE The Byrd-Warner provision is di- troops from Kosovo. Let me assure you to conclude by 2:30, so we could have rected squarely at the institutional that if Senator WARNER and I wanted the vote at 2:30. and constitutional responsibilities of to set a deadline for a pullout of forces Mr. BYRD. Yes, that is fine. Congress. Contrary to so much of the from Kosovo, we would set it, and we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without rhetoric that we have been hearing, the would set it in stone. We do not do objection, it is so ordered. Byrd-Warner provision does not estab- that. The Byrd-Warner provision does Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, the distin- lish, as General Clark suggested, ‘‘a de not mandate a troop withdrawal from guished Senator from Michigan says facto deadline for a U.S. pullout’’ from Kosovo. Yes, it anticipates such a pos- this vote is not about power. He says it Kosovo. sible outcome, but it does not mandate is about the wisdom of taking a vote on Those are strong words. Unfortu- it. If, in the wisdom of the next Presi- this matter. I hope I am not nately, they wrongly characterize the dent, it is necessary to continue the de- mischaracterizing his statement. Byrd-Warner provision. Our language ployment of U.S. ground combat troops I say to him that this matter is about does not establish a ‘‘de facto deadline in Kosovo, or if events in that troubled power. It is about the arrogance of for U.S. pullout’’ from Kosovo. The region of the world so dictate, our pro- power and a White House that insists only deadlines our amendment estab- vision provides explicit direction for

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.070 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 the consideration, under expedited pro- The fiscal year 2001 military con- Representatives in the Congress. We cedures, of a joint resolution author- struction appropriations bill is the have lately seen the use of American izing the continued deployment of U.S. matter pending before the Senate boys and girls to enforce objectives au- ground combat troops in Kosovo. today. Scores of needed infrastructure thorized only by U.N. Resolution, The intent of our provision is not to projects that must be funded by this which raises a serious question of na- micromanage the Pentagon or the bill have gone begging because there is tional sovereignty in the mind of this State Department. The intent of the not enough military construction fund- Senator. I have perused the Constitu- provision is to restore congressional ing to go around. The $52.5 million tion very carefully over the years, and oversight—restore congressional over- being spent to construct those C-huts I see no reference to conflict by U.N. sight—to the Kosovo peacekeeping op- in Kosovo would go a long way toward Resolution or NATO Resolution. It is eration. By its inaction, Congress has funding some of the backlog of projects the Congress and the Congress alone allowed the executive branch to usurp that we have in this country. Mind which the Framers entrusted with the Congress’ constitutional authority in you, I believe that if the United States awesome decisions to send America’s this matter. That is our fault, but it chooses to send its men and women in sons, and now her daughters as well, need not be our fault. We need not con- uniform on missions to far-flung parts into situations which might mean their tinue to let that happen. of the world, they deserve a decent death. The Founding Fathers vested in Con- standard of living. No armed conflict can succeed with- gress alone the power of the purse. The My question is: Why is the adminis- out the support of the American peo- Constitution is very clear on this mat- tration planning for a 5-year or more ple. It didn’t succeed in Vietnam be- ter. Article I, section 9 of the Constitu- stay in Kosovo without bringing the cause it didn’t have the support of the tion states: matter to Congress? That is my ques- American people. It is their sons and No money shall be drawn from the Treas- tion. Why are you, down there at the daughters which we send to fight and ury, but in Consequence of Appropriations to possibly die. It is their tax dollars made by Law. . . . White House, and at the Pentagon— why are you, in the executive branch, which pay for the missiles and the Yet what are we seeing? We are see- planning for a 5-year stay or more in tanks and the bullets. We enter into ing in Kosovo, as we have seen in so Kosovo without bringing the matter to armed conflict at our peril if there is many other peacekeeping operations, a no consensus among the people to take Congress and getting Congress to au- bastardization of that process. Instead that course. And the best way that this thorize this? Should Congress not have of Congress appropriating funds for ex- Senator knows to achieve such a con- a voice in the expenditure of the peo- penditure by the executive branch, the sensus is for such matters to be de- ple’s money? Should Congress not have executive branch has adopted the prac- bated and debated thoroughly on the a say in such deployments? Should the tice—arrogant practice—of spending Floors of the Senate and the House of American people not have a voice in the money first. That is what they Representatives, and then for a vote to whether they support such a deploy- have done here—spending the money be taken that reflects the people’s will. ment, such a long-term deployment? I first and then asking Congress after The most solemn duty which we have have read where some generals in the fact to pay the bills. as legislators and as sworn representa- I wonder if my colleagues can see the NATO say it will be 5 years or it will be tives of the people who sent us here is pattern here: Buy now, pay later. 10 years. Others have said it will be a to decide whether to ask young Ameri- Spend the money first, borrow from the generation. I believe Congress and the cans to put their lives at risk. To abdi- military readiness accounts, and then American people should—no, not cate that duty to a President—to any give Congress no alternative but to re- should, but must—have a say in how President, a Democrat President or a imburse the money. That is what has the United States is deploying its in- Republican—to abdicate that duty to happened here. Trust me, this is not creasingly scarce military resources. any chief executive is wrong. It cir- what the Founding Fathers had in We hear they have recruitment prob- cumvents the Constitution, it bypasses mind when they created the Constitu- lems in the services, in all of the serv- the people, and it short changes the na- tion of this Nation. ices, except perhaps for the Marines. tion because the people’s will is never As heir to that wisdom, every Sen- They are having recruitment problems, even known, never even known much ator has a duty to guard vigilantly the we are spreading our forces thin all less considered until the body bags rights bestowed on Congress by the over the globe. start coming home. There are those Constitution, and no such right is more Time after weary time, we have had who will say that this Kosovo provision central to the separation of powers on the same gambit from Administra- sets up a process which is too cum- which our system of Government is tions, both Democratic and Repub- bersome. Some will say that Congress built than the vesting in Congress lican. Send the troops in, and Congress cannot be asked to declare war every alone the power of the purse. will not have the fortitude to pull the time there is a skirmish in the world. The issue is not only what policy the plug. Once we get the men in harms Well, of course, Congress should not United States should be following in way, so the argument always goes, it is have to frame an official declaration of Kosovo; the issue is also whether the dangerous to talk about pulling them war for each and every conflict. But, it Congress is upholding its authority, its out. It is especially dangerous to set a should have to authorize in some way powers, its rights and responsibilities date certain for them to leave. Heaven the conflict, and agree or disagree with under the Constitution. I submit that help us. Never do that. Don’t set a date its objectives. by allowing the executive branch to de certain. How many times have we Of course, the Administration will facto determine the expenditure of ap- heard that same old tune? It turns not like it. They never like it. They do propriated funds, we are not. logic on its head. Just as we went into not want to see the Congress exercise It was reported some months ago Bosnia, they said we will just be there its constitutional duty in matters of that the United States is building— about a year. Now we are in the fifth this kind. They don’t want Congress to hear this—semipermanent military year. That is the administration lead- lift a hand. They do not want Congress buildings at Camp Bondsteel in Kosovo. ing us in and then believing that Con- to say a word. Congress needs to be These so-called C-huts are designed to gress won’t have the fortitude to pull quiet. They want a free hand. The ad- last 5 years before major repairs are re- the men and the women out. That kind ministration wants a free hand to par- quired. According to a report in the of logic asks us to believe that pulling ticipate in military adventurism when- Washington Times on March 1, the troops out of harm’s way is potentially ever and wherever they please. And Army is putting up 300 of these struc- more dangerous than leaving them in they do not brook interference by the tures at a cost of about $175,000 each. harm’s way. Congress, the elected representatives Well, you can do the math yourself. It The Executive Branch is much more of the people, the directly elected rep- adds up to a $52.5 million investment in inclined to use our military might to resentatives of people, unlike the military construction in Kosovo. This accomplish various policy objectives, President who is indirectly elected by sounds to me like the U.S. military is such as nation building—policy objec- the people. Presidents are elected by putting down serious roots, long-time tives which may not be supported by the electors who are elected by the peo- roots, deep roots, in Kosovo. the American people or their elected ple. If they can avoid it, they don’t

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.085 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4149 want the Congress to even whimper— essary and proper for carrying into ceded it seem never to have understood just do not hear a peep, not a peep, out Execution the foregoing Powers.’’ this salient fact that the President’s of Congress. But this is not the way it And finally, this Constitution says, warmaking powers are not omnipotent ought to be. Congress has the greatest power of all. as were those of the King of Great Brit- The military is not a plaything or Congress is given the power in section ain. The Framers gave the political toy, subject to the whim and caprice of 9, article I: ‘‘No money shall be drawn compass a 180 degree turn. The dele- a chief executive. The title ‘‘Com- from the Treasury, but in Consequence gates at the Philadelphia Convention mander in Chief’’ does not make any of Appropriations made by law.’’ Thus, repeatedly emphasized that the power President a king, free to send Amer- the scope of the warpower granted to of peace and war associated with the ica’s men and women in uniform wher- Congress is, indeed, remarkable. The monarchy would not be given to a ever he may bid them to go, free to intent of the framers is clear. President of the United States. Charles commit America’s resources to battle Now let us examine the war powers Pinckney, one of the delegates to the or to police actions or to peacekeeping that flow from the Constitution to the convention from South Carolina, sup- without brooking any interference by President of the United States. In sec- ported a vigorous executive. Pinckney Congress. Congress is not just the place tion 2, article II, the Constitution was afraid Executive powers of [the ex- that pays the bills although the execu- states: ‘‘The President shall be Com- isting] might extend to peace and war tive branch would like that. They mander in Chief of the Army and Navy &c which will Render the Executive would like the Congress to be only the of the United States, and of the Militia and Monarchy, of the worst kind, to place to pay the bills. That is all. But of the several States, when called into wit an elective one.’ John Rutledge en- Congress is not just a place to pay the the actual Service of the United dorsed a single executive, ‘tho’ he was bills. The legislative department is an States.’’ not for giving him the power of war equal and coordinate department with That is it. That is it, lock, stock, and and peace.’ Roger Sherman looked the executive, even though it is some- barrel, except the Constitution says upon the President as an agent of Con- times hard for the executive branch to that the President ‘‘shall Commission gress, and considered ‘the Executive fully understand that. all the Officers of the United States.’’ majesty as nothing more than an insti- As to the war powers, these are But that is it. tution for carrying the will of the Leg- meant to be shared between the Presi- So compare what the Constitution islature into effect, that the person or dent and the people’s elected Rep- says with respect to the powers of the persons ought to be appointed by and resentatives in Congress. Let there be Congress when it comes to warmaking, accountable to the Legislature only, no doubt: The Framers intended for the when it comes to the military, with the which was the depositary of the su- Congress, in the final analysis, to hold powers the Constitution gives to the preme will of the Society.’ the upper hand and have the final say. President: What about James Wilson of Penn- That is why the framers vested the The title, Commander in Chief, was sylvania? power over the purse in Congress. Let given by the Framers to the President us take a look at the Constitution. I for a number of reasons. As Hamilton James Wilson endorsed a single executive, but did not consider ‘the Prerogatives of the hold it in my hand. said in Federalist #74, the direction of British Monarch as a proper guide in defin- These are the powers of Congress. war ‘‘most peculiarly demands those ing the Executive powers. Some of these pre- Congress shall have the power ‘‘To de- qualities which distinguish the exer- rogatives were of a Legislative nature. clare War.’’ Congress shall have the cise of power by a single head.’’ The Among others that of war & peace &c.’ power to ‘‘grant Letters of Marque and power of directing war and emphasizing How about Alexander Hamilton from Reprisal.’’ Congress shall have the the common strength ‘‘forms a usual the great State of New York? power to ‘‘make Rules concerning Cap- and essential part in the definition of Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist tures on Land and Water.’’ the executive authority.’’ That has to #69, differentiated between the power Hear me. This is the Constitution be by a single head. This clause of the of the monarchy and the power of the speaking. Constitution also protects the principle American President. Hamilton stated Congress also has the general power of civilian supremacy. that the President, under the Constitu- ‘‘To raise and support Armies.’’ It says that the person who leads the tion, has ‘‘concurrent power with a Congress shall have the power ‘‘To Armed Forces will be a civilian presi- branch of the legislature in the forma- provide and maintain a Navy.’’ dent, not a military officer. Congress has the power ‘‘To make Consider the language in the Con- tion of treaties,’’ whereas the British Rules for the Government and Regula- stitution: ‘‘The President shall be Com- King ‘‘is the sole possessor of the power tion of the land and naval Forces.’’ mander in Chief of the Army and Navy of making treaties.’’ Congress shall have the power ‘‘To of the United States, and of the militia Control over the deployment of mili- provide for calling forth the Militia to of the several states, when called into tary forces was vested in Congress, as execute the Laws of the Union, sup- the actual service of the United we can see from reading the Constitu- press Insurrections and repeal Inva- States.’’ With respect to the Army, the tion. Madison emphasized that the sions.’’ Congress, not the President, does the Constitution ‘‘supposes, what the His- Congress shall have the power ‘‘To tory of all governments demonstrates, provide for organizing, arming, and dis- raising and the supporting; with re- spect to the Navy the Congress, not the that the Executive is the branch of ciplining the Militia, and for governing power most interested in war, and most such Part of them as may be employed President, does the providing and maintaining; with respect to the mili- prone to it.’’ We have seen that to be in the Service of the United States.’’ the case. ‘‘It has accordingly with stud- Add to these powers contained in this tia, when called into the actual service of the United States, Congress, not the ied care, vested the question of war in Constitution the power ‘‘to exercise ex- the legislature.’’ clusive legislation . . . over all places . President, does the calling. So, the President is Commander in On the power of declaring war, from . . for the erection of forts, magazines, Chief of the Army and Navy, but with- Madison’s notes, an incisive colloquy arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful out the power of Congress, there can be occurred at the Constitutional Conven- buildings . . .’’. tion on August 17, 1787. I now read from Congress has the power ‘‘To lay and no Army and Navy to command, and Madison’s notes: ‘‘Mr. Madison and Mr. collect Taxes’’ to defend this country. the President’s title would be but an Gerry moved to insert ‘declare,’ strik- Congress shall have the power to empty title. ing out ‘make’ war; leaving to the Ex- ‘‘provide for the common Defense.’’ Thus, we should clearly see that the That is what this Constitution says. Constitutional Framers took Black- ecutive the power to repel sudden at- Congress shall have the power ‘‘To stone’s royal prerogatives and gave tacks. borrow money on the credit of the them either to Congress exclusively or ‘‘Mr. Sherman thought it stood very United States.’’ assigned them on a shared basis to well. The Executive should be able to That is what the Constitution says. Congress and President. This Adminis- repel and not to commence war. ‘Make’ Congress shall have the power ‘‘To tration and most of the recent Admin- better than ‘declare’ the latter nar- make all Laws which shall be nec- istrations that have immediately pre- rowing the power too much.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.088 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 ‘‘Mr. Gerry never expected to hear in in war was demonstrated by President Is it too much to ask that the peoples a Republic a motion to empower the Polk’s actions in 1846, when he ordered Representative—people out there, their Executive alone to declare war. General Zachary Taylor to occupy dis- Representatives—be allowed to speak? ‘‘Mr. Ellsworth. There is a material puted territory on the Texas-Mexico What is wrong with that? Why is the difference between the cases of making border. His initiative provoked a clash Administration so suddenly very war and making peace. It should be between American and Mexican sol- hysterical about this amendment? more easy to get out of war, than into diers, allowing Polk to tell Congress a Very hysterical? They are panic strick- it. War also is a simple and overt dec- few weeks later that ‘‘war exists.’’ Al- en. They sent their big guns to Con- laration. Peace attended with intricate though Congress formally declared war gress. They have even sent General and secret negotiations.’’ on Mexico, Polk’s actions were cen- Clark up to address the Democratic What about George Mason? sured in 1848 by the House of Rep- conference. What business does he have ‘‘Mr. Mason was against giving the resentatives because the war had been in the Democratic conference? Here we power of war to the Executive, because ‘‘unnecessarily and unconstitutionally have in this Constitution, we have ci- not safely to be trusted with it; or to begun by the President of the United vilian control over the military, but the Senate, because not so constructed States.’’ One of the members of the here we find General Clark in the as to be entitled to it. He was for clog- House of Representatives who voted Democratic conference, trying to tell ging rather than facilitating war; but against Polk was Representative Abra- Senators what the intent of the Byrd- for facilitating peace. He preferred ‘de- ham Lincoln, who later wrote to Wil- Warner amendment is, trying to tell clare’ to ‘make.’ liam H. Herndon: Members of Congress what their con- ‘‘On the motion to insert declare - - Much ado has been made of General stitutional duty in this institution is. in place of make, it was agreed to.’’ Clark’s letter to Senator LEVIN. Let’s Does the Administration believe that Louis Fisher comments on the reac- read Abraham Lincoln’s letter to Wil- the possible justification for the con- tion taken at the Philadelphia Conven- liam H. Herndon: tinued deployment of U.S. ground com- tion: ‘‘The Framers empowered the Allow the President to invade a neigh- bat troops in Kosovo after July 1 of President to repel sudden attacks in an boring nation, whenever he shall deem it next year would be so weak that the emergency when Congress was not in necessary to repel an invasion, and you allow Administration dare not face the risk session. That power covered attacks him to do so, whenever he may choose to say he deems it necessary for such purpose—and of a vote by Congress in this regard? against the mainland of the United you allow him to make war at pleasure. I say to my colleagues in the Senate: States and on the seas. The President Study to see if you can fix any limit to his Each of us has taken an oath to sup- never received a general power to de- power in this respect, after you have given port and defend the Constitution of the ploy troops whenever and wherever he him so much as you propose. If, today, he United States and we take that oath thought best. When Congress came should choose to say he thinks it necessary because this Constitution requires Sen- back in session, it could reassert what- to invade Canada, to prevent the British ators and Members of the House of ever control on military activity it from invading us, how could you stop him? You may say to him, ‘‘I see no probability of Representatives to take that oath. Now considered necessary. the British invading us’’ but he will say to is the time to live up to that oath. We James Wilson expressed the pre- you ‘‘be silent; I see it, if you don’t.’’ The must insist that the war powers that vailing sentiment that the system of provision of the Constitution giving the war- devolve upon Congress, under the Con- checks and balances ‘‘will not hurry us making power to Congress, was dictated, as stitution, be preserved and protected into war; it is calculated to guard I understand it, by the following reasons. against usurpation by this or any other against it. It will not be in the power of Kings had always been involving and impov- administration. Nobody is talking erishing their people in wars, pretending a single man, or a single body of men, about a declaration of war in ref- to involve us in such distress; for the generally, if not always, that the good of the people was the object. This, our Convention erences made to the powers and respon- important power of declaring war is understood to be the most oppressive of all sibilities of Congress in this situation. vested in the legislature at large.’’ Kingly oppressions; and they resolved to so Nonetheless, any careful reading of the Madison insisted that the Constitu- frame the Constitution that no one man Constitution should make it as clear as tional liberties could be preserved only should hold the power of bringing this op- the noonday sun in a cloudless sky that by reserving the power of war to Con- pression upon us. when American combat troops are de- gress. Madison stated: ‘‘Those who are I wonder what Lincoln’s advice would ployed in a foreign country under cir- to conduct a war cannot in the nature be to us today as we reflect upon the cumstances where the lives of those of things, be proper or safe judges, Administration’s actions in Kosovo? troops are put in jeopardy by possible whether a war ought to be commenced, Now that Congress has spent many combat in a potential battlefield situa- continued, or concluded. They are months of complacent quietude before tion, the Congress is not required to re- barred from the latter functions by a mounting a challenge to the Adminis- main silent. Remaining silent can be- great principle in free government, tration’s continued usurpation of Con- come a habit. Congress can sleep on its analogous to that which separate the gress’ share in the war powers, we learn rights until it can no longer claim sword from the purse, or the power of that the Administration fiercely op- those rights. And let us remember that executing from the power of enacting poses the Byrd-Warner Amendment. it is also the people’s rights on which laws.’’ Why so? Is it too much to ask of the we sleep. When Jefferson saw the draft Con- Administration that it come up with As the late Justice of the Supreme stitution, he praised the decision to an exit strategy over the next year? Is Court, George Sutherland said in Asso- transfer the war power ‘‘from the exec- it too much to ask of the Administra- ciated Press vs. NRIB: utive to the Legislative body, from tion that it develop plans, in consulta- For the saddest epitaph which can be those who are to spend to those who tion with our NATO allies, for an or- carved in memory of a vanished liberty is are to pay.’’ The Administration, and derly transition to an all-European that it was lost because its possessors failed all Senators who may be prone to advo- ground troop element in Kosovo? Is it to stretch forth a saving hand while yet cate an all-powerful executive, should too much to ask that, if there is a ne- there was time. take note. cessity for the continued deployment The supporters of the Byrd-Warner I have already referred to General of U.S. ground troops in Kosovo after amendment are stretching forth a sav- Clark’s letter, to which our attention July 1, 2001—or October 1, 2001 which ing hand while yet there is time. I hope was called by Senator LEVIN last week. we hope to make the date and will that all Senators will take this occa- That letter brings to mind another let- make it in conference—the President sion to assert the rights and powers of ter to which I shall refer. Presidents, of must request specific authorization for the legislative branch to which you be- course, are in a position to deploy such continued deployment of U.S. long, to which I belong, in respect to forces in military environments before ground combat troops in Kosovo, and the conduct and use of the American Congress has a chance to deliberate that Congress must enact a joint reso- military while there is yet time. If we and decide what policies should be fol- lution specifically authorizing the con- allow the continued encroachment of lowed, and Presidents often do that. tinued deployment of United States these powers, which were meant by the The potential for engaging the country ground combat troops in Kosovo? Framers to be shared by the legislative

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.091 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4151 branch, future generations of Ameri- Mr. REID. Objection. we are violating the law called the War cans will not rise up and call us The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- Powers Act, and we blithely ignore blessed. tion is heard. that law. Yet when we pass laws that Whether the next President comes up Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I have 8 affect our fellow citizens, we do not with a strategy to turn the ground minutes remaining? allow them to ignore the laws we pass. troop element of the Kosovo peace- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- It is a bit disgraceful, really, that we keeping operation entirely over to the ator is correct. have a law on the books which we fail Europeans, or whether Congress au- Mr. BYRD. I yield 2 minutes of my 8 to address, particularly since this law thorizes the continued deployment of minutes to Mr. WARNER, I yield 4 min- is concerning an issue of no small im- U.S. ground troops in Kosovo, we will utes of my 8 minutes to Mr. LEVIN, and portance; in fact one can argue, I think have taken affirmative action. We will that leaves me 2 minutes of the 8 to persuasively, of the most importance, have protected the people’s rights—the add to the 8 that I will have later. and that is when and under what cir- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, it had people’s rights—and exercised our re- cumstances we send young men and been my hope as cosponsor of the bill sponsibilities under the Constitution. women into harm’s way. to have the opportunity to make some We will have done our duty, as we have Since we ignore the War Powers Act, rebuttal arguments to those who are all solemnly sworn before God and man the power that the Congress has, which about to speak. Since that will not be to do. I respect, revere, and believe is entirely possible, I will take my 2 minutes to Mr. President, how much time do I appropriate under our constitutional sum up the manner in which I view this have remaining? responsibilities, is the ability to cut off entire debate of those who have come The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- funding for any military enterprise in to strike the Byrd-Warner inclusion in ator has 8 minutes remaining, plus the which this Nation enters. I think that this appropriations bill. 10 minutes that has been reserved at I am reminded of the immortal words is clear. I do not think there is any ar- 2:10. of a great President, Franklin Roo- gument about that. If the Byrd-Warner amendment was Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair and I sevelt, when he said: The only thing about cutting off funds for further de- yield the floor. this Nation has to fear is fear itself. ployment of U.S. military forces in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Underlying the debate of those who are Kosovo, I would be much more com- ator from Virginia. considering striking this language is Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, the fortable about this debate and what it the fear that the next President will be Senator has no more time under his is all about, but what we are doing is unable to convince the Congress to do control. The Senator from Michigan, very unusual. I have not been here as what is right for America. That is what Mr. LEVIN, has control. If there is not long as some of the other Members of it is—fear. another speaker, I see no other re- I say to those who have fear, if there this body, but I have never seen an course but to put in a quorum call. is not a simple majority, but 51 votes, issue of this import placed on a mili- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to support the next President, then tary construction appropriations bill ator from Michigan. logic says to me that the continuation which generally is a routine piece of Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I thought of those deployments in Kosovo are not legislation, except for a few of us who we agreed on a schedule—perhaps I am in the public interest or the national come over and complain about the mistaken—that Senator BYRD would be security interest of this country. It is pork-laden aspects of it. But it is a rou- going from 2:10 p.m. to 2:20 p.m.; that as simple as that. If there are not 51 tine piece of legislation. Now it is a vehicle for debate and de- then Senator DASCHLE would go from votes for it, we should not be there, cision over an issue of grave impor- 2:20 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. Am I correct there and we may as well stand up and face tance, in the view of certainly General are 22 minutes remaining? the world and say that this body, with Clark, certainly Secretary Cohen, cer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is coequal responsibility, has exercised tainly the Secretary General of the correct. its voice. Mr. LEVIN. We would precede Sen- I committed earlier in this debate North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ator BYRD with our 22 minutes. That and I commit now that if the next We are talking about an issue that can means Senator BYRD has 8 minutes President makes a strong case, he will impact the issue of war or peace in the left. I thought that was going to be have the Senator of Virginia voting center of Europe. And what have we used at this time. If Senator BYRD does and supporting him. I have confidence done in the Senate? We have placed it not use that time now—at least my un- in this institution to make the right on the military construction appro- derstanding was we either go to Sen- decision, and in this Senator’s heart, priations bill. This legislation should ator WARNER or Senator BYRD before he has no fear. I yield the floor. have been the subject of hearings in Senator MCCAIN and I use our 22 min- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Foreign Relations Committee and utes. ator from Michigan. the Armed Services Committee. It Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I sug- Mr. LEVIN. I yield 15 minutes to the should have had a legislative vehicle gest the absence of a quorum. Senator from Arizona. that proceeded through both commit- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tees and then came to the floor of the clerk will call the roll. ator from Arizona. Senate. In an incredibly bizarre fash- The legislative clerk proceeded to Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I thank ion, both committee chairmen and call the roll. my colleague from Michigan, Senator ranking members, in my view, have ab- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask LEVIN, for his leadership on this issue. rogated their responsibilities as com- unanimous consent that the order for This has been an excellent debate, mittee chairmen and the oversight of the quorum call be rescinded. probably what we should have a lot issues of this grave importance. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without more of in this body on a variety of What is more bothersome is the fact objection, it is so ordered. issues that confront the Nation and, that we are conditioning this vote on Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, we therefore, call us to our duties as the another vote that will take place some- have had an orderly debate. We started Senate and the Congress. time—which may be changed by the last night at 5 o’clock. We have moved I agree with Senator BYRD when he sponsors of the bill. On what are we along. This will be the first quorum quoted Congress should not remain si- voting? We are voting to propose a sit- call in the 10 hours scheduled for this lent. Unfortunately, we passed a law uation which would then require an- debate. We have tried to be as coopera- some years ago called the War Powers other vote. tive as we could all the way along. I Act. That act—and I believe Senator As I have said, I have not been here have no more control of the time. I BYRD was here at the time of its pas- a long time, but I have not seen any- suggest there be a quorum call placed, sage—has been largely ignored, both by thing quite like this. Our responsibility since no one seeks recognition, and it the executive branch and by the legis- is not to have a vote on an issue that be charged equally to both sides. lative branch. at a time certain requires another vote The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there On numerous occasions, I have ap- which, if affirmative, would allow the objection? proached leaders on both sides and said President of the United States to carry

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.094 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 out his duties as President of the high altitudes that our planes would forces of isolationism and withdrawal United States. What this vote should not be shot down but we needlessly in- prevail or will the United States con- be about is funding, yes or no. Do we flicted civilian casualties. That is a tinue to hold its rightful position as want to fund further operations in shameful kind of operation on the part the military and economic leader of Kosovo or do we not? We have enough of the U.S. military. the world? information to make that decision. The Washington Post says: The language currently in the bill Members of this body have been in- But the Senate measure is the wrong an- represents not just bad policy, but bad formed. swer to these legitimate concerns. By estab- law. Its inclusion in the Military Con- When the distinguished Senator from lishing a de facto deadline for a U.S. pullout, struction Appropriations Bill is highly West Virginia, for whom I have the it would actually discourage U.S. allies—who inappropriate. The Congressional com- greatest respect and admiration, says are, after all, providing the lion’s share of mittees that oversee the Armed Forces the ground forces already—from seeing the Congress should not remain silent, my and our nation’s foreign relations job through as Sen. WARNER and others wish. answer is, Congress should not speak in It tells the enemies of a democratic, multi- should have the opportunity to review this fashion. Congress should not be ethnic state in Kosovo—Serb and Albanian— and debate national security matters speaking in this fashion. Congress that they can wait out the Americans. of such consequence. The Kosovo with- should be speaking, as is its constitu- That is really what the message, if drawal language in the Military Con- tional responsibility, to fund this oper- we adopt this resolution over a clear struction Appropriations bill is unprec- ation or not to fund it. Presidential veto, would be: We can edented and will certainly prompt a I am concerned about burden sharing. wait you out. We can wait you out, veto by the President. For these rea- I have been concerned about it all my Americans, because we know you’re sons, it is imperative that we move to days here in the Senate and before that going home. strike Section 2410 by voting in favor in the other body. I am concerned The Secretary General of NATO, a of the Levin-McCain amendment. about what are the rules of engage- man who is respected by all of us, sent The requirement in the bill for a ment. I am concerned about the role of us a letter. withdrawal of ground forces unless our European allies. All of those things I quote from that letter: Congress passes a joint resolution au- should be taken into a context in In my view, while ensuring proper burden- thorizing their continued deployment which Members should make a decision sharing is important, we should not let that is precisely the kind of provision that as to whether we stay or go. issue distract us from our larger policy ob- Congress should never impose upon any With all due respect, we are taking a jectives. The NATO presence in Kosovo needs Chief Executive. Congress has within vote to put off a vote which would have to be decided on the merits of our being its constitutional authorities the profound consequences. The Congress, there—the job that we are doing and that we power of the purse—the legislative in my view, is not fulfilling its respon- need to finish. means to terminate funding for an on- sibilities when it addresses this issue in That is the key. As critical as the going military operation. It is histori- this fashion. burdensharing issue is, we should be cally reluctant to exercising that au- In the 1980s, I was in the minority deciding this issue solely on the basis thority, even when the majority oppose and my party held the Presidency of of whether or not it is in the U.S. na- the operation in question. But we the United States. All through the tional security interests to have a mili- should never impose the kind of statu- 1980s, there were attempts at micro- tary presence in the middle of Europe tory burden on any President that this management of U.S. foreign policy, in Kosovo. bill seeks to impose. particularly in Central America. Some Burden sharing is an important issue. Clearly, this Administration could of the bitterest debates I ever observed We now hear, even from the cosponsor have—and most definitely should in the House of Representatives and of the legislation, Senator WARNER, have—dealt more forthrightly with here in the Senate concerned our in- that he is pleased with the increase in Congress and the American public from volvement, our support for certain ele- the burdensharing responsibility that the beginning. Had it done so, it likely ments, our support for freedom and de- has been taken up by our European al- could have avoided this kind of exer- mocracy in Central America. lies. But this issue should not be based cise. As with Bosnia, however, its arro- I, as did many of my colleagues on on burden sharing; it should be based gance and ineptitude left many in Con- this side of the aisle—who I understand on where our national security inter- gress with a sense of having to act lest are now supporting this resolution—op- ests lie. its rightful place in the debate over the posed that very same kind of micro- The Secretary General of the North U.S. role abroad would be completely management on the part of Congress Atlantic Treaty Organization goes on ignored. The result is the damaging when the other party was in control of to say: language currently in the bill. the White House. I believe that we owe it to ourselves, if not Congress has been down this road I am very pleased to see the nominee the people of that region, to finish the job we many times before. The propensity of of my party, Gov. George Bush, with began. As Secretary General of NATO, I will the Administration to deploy American pursue that goal with the utmost vigour. I whom I had a very spirited contest hope I can count on continued U.S. support, military forces with seemingly wanton over the previous year, step forward even recognizing that the European Allies abandon on ill-defined missions of inde- forthrightly and say this is an ‘‘over- must continue carrying the largest share of terminate duration is repeatedly met reach of congressional authority.’’ the load at this stage. with efforts by Members of Congress to Governor Bush has it right. President The Secretary General of NATO does legislate the terms of those deploy- Clinton has it right. Secretary Cohen not just speak for himself, and even the ments. We can, and most assuredly has it right. And every objective ob- NATO alliance, but I think he speaks will, revisit the question of separation server that I know has it right. for all of Europe when he says: ‘‘I hope of powers on national security again The Washington Post of May 11, 2000, I can count on continued U.S. sup- and again. The Founding Fathers built states: port.’’ into our system of constitutional gov- But the Senate measure is the wrong an- Since 1945, the United States has had ernment certain tensions designed to swer to these legitimate concerns. a military presence in Europe. Any ob- prevent a potentially dangerous shift We did not have to get into Kosovo. jective observer will tell you, our vic- in the balance of power between It was through the ineptitude of this tory in the cold war was due to our branches of government. administration where they tried to im- steadfast presence. We last debated the issue of war pow- pose an agreement, called the Ram- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ers and the U.S. role in Kosovo in bouillet agreement, which Mr. ator’s time has expired. March 1999. The War Powers Resolu- Milosevic could not accept. Then we Mr. MCCAIN. I ask unanimous con- tion, which many view as unconstitu- carried out, in my view, one of the sent for an additional 30 seconds. tional, ironically proved to be the vehi- more immoral military actions in the Mr. LEVIN. I yield an additional cle by which both Houses of Congress history of this country. I say that be- minute to the Senator. finally consented to debate the issue in cause of the tactical way we conducted Mr. MCCAIN. It is an important de- its totality, including my failed effort it: Flying our airplanes around at such bate. It is an important issue. Will the to authorize the use of ground forces in

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.073 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4153 Kosovo during Operation Allied Force. States has a very definite stake in the key allies was not their finest hour. That debate was illuminating for the evolution of a European Security and But forceful diplomacy, not congres- degree to which it illustrated the depth Defense Identity, as manifested in the sionally-mandated troop withdrawals, of opposition on the part of many sen- efforts by our allies to establish the so- is the answer to such problems. The ators to the military operation. That called Eurocorps. It is not in our inter- language in this bill is counter- opposition, of course, is what lies be- ests for such a unit, should it take productive and damaging to U.S. for- hind the language on Kosovo in the bill shape and mature into a viable force, eign policy. We should not compliment before us today. to act independent of U.S. influence— a questionable policy with even worse I am fully supportive of measures de- influence that would be severely under- legislation. I urge my colleagues to signed to improve the burden-sharing mined by a unilateral action of the support the removal of Section 2410 arrangements under which we operate kind contemplated in this bill. from the bill and vote yes on the alongside other nations, especially in Clearly, the failure of our European Levin-McCain amendment. contingencies that should never have allies to deploy the numbers of police The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- required U.S. military involvement in officers necessary to accomplish the ator from Virginia. the beginning. For this reason, I am mission of pacifying the region without Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I won- not opposed to the burden-sharing lan- the continued use of military personnel der if I might ask Senator BYRD for 50 guage in the bill, although the fre- untrained in such activities has been seconds. quency of the reporting requirements very troubling. And I would be hard- Mr. BYRD. I yield the Senator 2 min- are somewhat excessive. I take issue, pressed to defend the conduct of the op- utes. however, with the draconian measures eration in light of internal U.S. mili- Mr. WARNER. I say to my good the bill mandates should the answers tary disagreements regarding the friend from Arizona, we respect his we receive from the President not meet deployability of U.S. troops from their judgment, his long association with the our expectations. sector to areas like Mitrovica where U.S. military, and indeed his depth of And make no mistake. When I refer tensions and the propensity for vio- knowledge as it relates to security and here to the President, I refer to the Of- foreign affairs. While I respectfully dif- fice of the Presidency, for the language lence remain high. This has not been a fer, I nevertheless think it has been a in this bill will have far-reaching and well-conceived mission. But there are constructive and important part of this damaging consequences for all future worse alternatives, and the approach debate. occupants of the Oval Office. Funding represented in this bill is one such ex- May I also, at this time, congratulate cutoffs and mandatory troop with- ample. A far better approach, I would sug- the Senator on 20 years of a great mar- drawals that must occur based on fu- gest, would dispense with the auto- riage, which he celebrated last night. ture circumstances absent congres- matic funding cut-offs currently in the Mr. MCCAIN. I thank the Senator. sional action, such as are reflected in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this legislation, represent Congress at bill. Rather than automatic cut-offs in ator from Michigan. its worst. By requiring enactment of a the event presidential certifications Mr. LEVIN. I thank my good friend congressional joint resolution author- fall short, Congress would still be free from Arizona for his statement and for izing the continuation of our current to offer legislation terminating the the clarity and passion he brings to role in Kosovo, we are establishing a U.S. role in this operation. A vote by this issue, as he does on so many im- very dangerous precedent that will se- Congress to act affirmatively to cut off portant issues confronting this Nation, riously weaken this nation’s ability to funding, while I would oppose it, is less including our security, and thank him conduct foreign policy long after many damaging to U.S. foreign policy than is for his longstanding involvement and of us have left this most august of bod- a triggering mechanism written into contribution to this Nation’s well- ies. law—the object of the authors of the I would ask supporters of Section current language. And we would avoid being. His voice in this debate is an ex- 2410 what they believe would be accom- establishing a very dangerous prece- ceedingly important one. I hope all plished by the provisions limiting fund- dent that I would like to think few Members have had a chance to listen to ing pending presidential certification among us actually wish to see mate- his remarks today. with regard to allied burden-sharing. rialize. Mr. President, I wonder if I could ask Burden-sharing is a legitimate issue for Mr. President, you do not have to be what the time situation is. How many discussion. To threaten funding cut- a supporter of the manner in which the minutes do I have remaining? offs for troops in the field in the middle operation in Kosovo has been con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of an ongoing operation over the issues ducted in order to have serious prob- ator from Michigan has until 2:10. of equitable distribution of workload lems with this language. It is a peace- Mr. WARNER. I yield 3 minutes to and financial commitment, however, is keeping operation in a region where the Senator from Minnesota. irresponsible in the extreme. the commitment to peace remains ten- Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I The strategic ramifications of Sec- uous. have gone back and forth on this ques- tion 2410 should not be underestimated. Many in Congress and the public we tion. Let me start by making a couple The United States has important na- represent want out of Kosovo. We of quick points. tional security and economic interests should never have had to go there to First of all, I would be more than around the world that are affected by begin with, but for the unwillingness of pleased to test this question about what we do here in Congress. By man- our European friends and allies to act whether or not we should have a peace- dating a troop withdrawal from an on- swiftly and decisively to prevent a keeping force in Kosovo. I would be going operation, we threaten those in- brushfire from becoming a raging in- more than pleased to have an up-or- terests by emboldening our adver- ferno. But we should not willingly com- down vote on the Kosovo peacekeeping saries. Slobodan Milosevic is a calcu- mit untold damage to our future abil- operation today or this week. Frankly, lating and ruthless individual with a ity to conduct foreign policy when al- I think that is the way we should do it. record of responding to outside pres- ternatives may exist. And we should That would be a true test of account- sures and inducements, retreating never undercut our forces in the field ability. when necessary; conducting brutal out of pique that other countries are I have a high doctrine of War Powers campaigns when the opportunity avails failing to shoulder their share of the and have always insisted on appro- itself. A precipitious withdrawal of load—especially when the burden-shar- priate congressional authorization of U.S. ground forces while Kosovo re- ing issue has devolved primarily to one the use of troops in situations where mains unstable and the potential centering around the deployment of po- they might face hostilities or immi- threat to Montenegro looms over the lice officers. nent hostilities. I think that is re- horizon will undermine our interests in We had every right to be angered by quired by our Constitution and by our Europe and around the world. That is a what Generals Clark and Reinhardt re- system of checks and balances. path down which we do not want to go. ferred to as the hollowing-out of allied But I think there is a subtle dif- Additionally, the implications for force contingents. The quiet, almost ference here between that kind of situ- NATO must be considered. The United surreptitious withdrawal of soldiers by ation and this peacekeeping operation

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.076 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 in Kosovo. Kosovo is a peacekeeping The fact is that we have about 5,900 priate congressional authorization of and peace enforcement effort. Our of the approximately 39,000 troops in the use of troops in situations where troops are playing a security role the region now; overall we are pro- they might face hostilities or immi- there, but they are not now, nor do I viding, according to the Administra- nent hostilities. I think that’s required expect them to be, involved in combat tion, only about 15 percent of the by our Constitution, by our system of with organized hostile Serb or other troops and reconstruction aid for this checks and balances. forces in Kosovo. If that changes, of effort. While it is important to con- But I think there is a subtle dif- course, we in Congress would likely re- tinue to press to make sure the Euro- ference here between that kind of situ- consider the role of these peacekeepers peans follow through on their commit- ation of imminent or real hostilities in light of the risks, what is at stake, ments of resources and police per- and the current peacekeeping oper- and make a judgment then. sonnel, I do not think fifteen percent is ation in Kosovo. Kosovo is a peace- But in the current situation, these too much for us to bear to help our al- keeping and peace enforcement effort; peacekeepers deserve a chance to stay lies keep the peace in this troubled re- our troops are playing a security role and to do their jobs as they have been gion. International peacekeeping must there, but they are not now, nor do I asked to do, without the prospect of be a joint effort, with shared burdens, expect them to be, involved in combat their funding from the United States shared responsibilities and shared with organized hostile Serb or other getting cut off if our European allies do risks. forces in Kosovo. If that changes, of not meet the somewhat arbitrary That is why I think it would be in a course we in Congress would likely re- standards set out in this bill, some of way more honest, more responsible, for consider the role of these peacekeepers which many in the administration say those who wish to test the question, to in light of the risks, what’s at stake, may not be able to be met in terms of simply prompt a debate by calling for a and make a judgment then. the current timetable. vote up or down on the Kosovo peace- But in the current situation, these Mr. President, it is with some regret keeping operation. If there are those peacekeepers deserve a chance to stay, that I oppose this provision to effec- who want to press that question, that and to do their jobs as they’ve been tively impose a deadline for Kosovo would be a test of true accountability. asked to do, without the prospect of peacekeeping efforts, and to support ef- We could vote on that this week. But I their funding from the U.S. getting cut forts by Senator LEVIN to strike it think most of us suspect that if the if our European allies don’t meet the from the bill. While I support many of question were posed that starkly, somewhat arbitrary standards set out the foreign policy goals which Senators many who might end up supporting in this bill, some of which the Adminis- BYRD and WARNER have identified in this resolution, with its elaborate for- tration says aren’t likely to be met this debate, I believe the amendment mula and framework for a potential under this particular timetable. itself would likely put at serious prac- withdrawal, would not vote to pull out Some oppose the Kosovo peace- tical risk the peacekeeping operation our troops. They would not want to so keeping operation outright, and would in Kosovo which, while not without its grossly and suddenly undercut our simply turn it over completely to the flaws, is one which I support. troops, our allies, and those in Kosovo, Europeans. That’s a legitimate view, I regret that I am not able to support Albania, and elsewhere in the region but not one I share. We cannot send a this effort not only because of the re- whom we have labored so mightily to signal to our allies that we will help spect and admiration I have for these protect in the past two years. two men, but also because I do share On the whole, our peacekeepers, and out in difficult and complex situations some of their concerns, most especially those of our allies, have done a remark- like this, but only if they bear all the about ensuring our appropriate and able job of enforcing, in a difficult and risks of peacekeeping. constitutionally-mandated congres- tense environment, an uncertain peace. Others have raised the issue of the sional role in decisions regarding war Their presence has clearly helped to U.S. looking irresolute to our allies and peace. But while it is clear that we avoid a return to the horrendous vio- within NATO, and to Milosevic. Or the need to intensify the dialogue between lence that we all witnessed in Kosovo, concern that Milosevic might, if he the Administration and Congress on and that NATO fought so hard to stem. knows there’s an almost certain date the larger questions about the cir- Let’s not forget that the ethnic cleans- set for our withdrawal, he’ll likely in- cumstances under which we enter into ing that prompted our presence in the struct his troops to simply wait us peacekeeping commitments, and the first place has been stopped, and that a out—or worse, instruct his radical Serb criteria by which we decide that issue, return to the fighting has been pre- allies to foment violence to influence this set of complex foreign policy ques- vented by the peacekeeping forces on Western opinion, and even future votes tions should not be decided in this way, the ground. Given the fragility of the in Congress, on whether to keep the on this bill, in a way which potentially current peace, it seems to me a likely peacekeepers there. These are legiti- undercuts our peacekeeping efforts on result of our withdrawal would be a mate concerns, but I think a more fun- the ground in Kosovo. withdrawal by our allies, followed by a damental question is posed. I support what I believe are the key return to such fighting. Will we shoulder our responsibilities, underlying goals of the amendment: I share some of the frustration ex- along with our NATO allies, to con- prompting a comprehensive debate on pressed about the Kosovo operation. tinue to help bolster and build a stable the Kosovo peacekeeping operation, its While it is clear that some functions of peace in Kosovo, to give them a chance successes and failures; ensuring fair this force could have been handled bet- at reconstruction, or will we start to burden-sharing by our European allies, ter, and that all parties involved could scale back our effort now, and then including on civilian police; and inten- strengthen efforts—by the administra- pull out down the road, even after all sifying executive-congressional con- tion, by civilian police on the ground, the blood and treasure that’s been sultation on future decisions made re- by the UN bureaucracy, by those na- spent to secure that peace, signaling to garding peacekeeping and peace en- tions who have sent sometimes inad- our allies and adversaries in the region forcement operations in the region. equate aid, or who have failed to live alike that we’re not firmly committed Of course we in Congress must con- up completely and a timely way to to seeing through the job that we start- tinue to keep a close watch on the situ- their commitments—the peacekeeping ed? I hope not. And I hope that we’ll ation there, and intervene—forcefully forces have done a good job, under not start down that road by voting for and directly, if necessary, through the harrowing circumstances, and we a year of questions and uncertainty power of the purse or otherwise—if we should not undercut them, directly or about our commitment in Kosovo. believe the administration is going in indirectly, by passing this amendment. That is not to say the administration the wrong direction. And I know that The fact that there has been less long- must not push harder our European al- both Senator WARNER and Senator term progress than had been hoped for lies to accelerate their assistance to BYRD have pressed the administration toward the development of a multi-eth- the reconstruction effort. It is not to on the burdensharing issue for many nic state in Kosovo is not the fault of say the President should not intensify months, and have had some real suc- these peacekeepers. his consultations with Congress on his cess in helping to ensure a fairer pro- I have a high doctrine of War Powers, plans and intentions regarding the portion of U.S. to European assistance. and have always insisted on appro- peacekeeping force. He absolutely must

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:40 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.078 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4155 do those things. But I do not think up the pieces and restoring some sem- people of Kosovo in the months ahead that this amendment is the way to en- blance of law and order to the province. as they try to rebuild their lives and sure those results. And so I will vote There has been some progress in that those of their loved ones. for Senator LEVIN’S amendment to direction, but much remains to be Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I am going strike this language from the bill, and done. Yet, despite the unfinished busi- to vote for the Levin amendment to I hope my colleagues will join me in ness that remains the legislation be- the military construction appropria- voting to support our peacekeeping ef- fore us today, if it becomes law, would tions bill, which would strike the Byrd- forts in Kosovo, and against this provi- establish a date certain—next July— Warner amendment concerning Kosovo. sion which, in its current form, could for ending United States participation As a strong supporter of NATO, I do that effort real harm. in restoring democracy in Kosovo. have long advocated efforts to Mr. President, again, I have great re- I remember well, that prior to the strengthen the European pillar of the spect for my colleagues on the other commencement of NATO bombing in alliance. The air war in Kosovo high- side of this question. I would be pleased March of last year many in this body lighted a great technical disparity in to have an up-or-down vote on the criticized the President for sitting on U.S. and European capabilities, and re- peacekeeping operation. I would be his hands while ethnic Albanian opened long-standing debates of burden pleased to be held accountable. I would Kosovars were being subjected to gross sharing within the Alliance. love for the Senate to deal with this human rights violations under the di- I fully understand and support the question right now and vote up or down rection of President Milosevic and Ser- motivation behind the authors and sup- on the peacekeeping operation. To me, bian security forces. I hope that those porters of this provision. While it is that is checks and balances. I would individuals are not now going to turn true the Europeans are contributing vote for the peacekeeping operation, around and support an effort to man- over 80 percent of the peacekeeping and that is why I will support Senator date the full and complete withdrawal forces that make up K-For, they have LEVIN’s initiative. of U.S. ground troops from Kosovo. yet to fully live up to their commit- I yield the floor. Even if the United States were to de- ments to NATO Peacekeeping, UNMIK, Mr. DODD. Mr. President, a little cide to withdraw from the region, and the funds that make up the civil- over a year ago, I rose in this Chamber which, let me state, is not what I be- ian and military dimensions of the to address the crisis in Kosovo. At that lieve we should do, it is incredibly fool- peace effort. time, I had just recently returned from hardy to announce the exact date to However, this provision undercuts a trip to the refugee camps of Mac- the enemy. Knowing of imminent our incentives to the Europeans to edonia, where I witnessed firsthand the United States withdrawal from the meet those goals because it contains a pain and suffering of displaced people Balkans, President Milosevic will have ‘‘de facto’’ withdrawal date of July 1, in the troubled Balkan peninsula. Dur- no incentive to step down or improve 2001. It signals to our allies that the ing that visit, I was struck by the sight his human rights record at all, and the United States will withdraw regardless of 45,000 people living in tents in an timing of the withdrawal, July 2001, of any improved European efforts to area half the size of The Mall. Families follows far too quickly the inaugura- meet their commitments. were lined up for food and medicine and tion of a new President here in the This bill will effectively constitute a used ditches as latrines. Some individ- United States. decision to withdraw forces at a given uals told me stories of being brutalized If there is any doubt in anyone’s date. That is not the authors’ stated by the Serbian military and police in mind about whether U.S. presence is intent, but that is how this amendment Kosovo and others of being evicted warranted in Kosovo, I promise my col- will be viewed. That is a message that from their homes and separated from leagues that had they been with me in will embolden Milosevic. That is a mes- their families. Mr. President, I have Kosovo last year and seen what I saw, sage that we will communicate an ab- seen a lot of hardship in my time, but there would be absolutely no debate in sence of commitment to our NATO al- nothing I have ever seen comes close to this Chamber about whether or not we lies. what I saw in the Balkans. are taking the right course of action. American General Wes Clark, the I returned from that trip determined Our efforts to restore people to their former Supreme Allied Commander Eu- to convince my colleagues that the homes, bring an end to conflict, and rope and the former highest ranking United States had an integral role to save the lives of thousands are as- military officer in NATO, has warned, play in the alleviation of suffering that suredly the right things to do. These measures, if adopted, would be seen the people of Kosovo had been sub- Rather than send out more mixed as a de facto pull-out decision by the United signals, I hope that Slobodan Milosevic States. They are unlikely to encourage Euro- jected to by Serbian President pean allies to do more. In fact, these meas- Milosevic. At that time many in this will hear from this Chamber—That we ures would invalidate the policies, commit- body agreed that the United States had are not going to second guess the ments and trust of our Allies in NATO, un- a moral obligation to join with our Eu- President or Secretary of Defense in dercut US leadership worldwide, and encour- ropean allies in stopping Serbian ag- deciding when the appropriate time has age renewed ethnic tension, fighting and in- gression and creating the conditions to come for the United States to with- stability in the Balkans. Furthermore, they allow Kosovars to return to their draw its forces from the Balkans—That would, if enacted, invalidate the dedication homes. the United States is determined to re- and commitment of our Soldiers, Sailors, Now it is a year later. Some things main in Kosovo until the wounds have Airmen, and Marines, disregarding the sac- rifices they and their families have made to have changed. The international com- healed and civil society is strong help bring peace to the Balkans. In fact, munity stood up to the bully— enough to support democratic govern- these measures would invalidate the policies, Milosevic, and like most bullies he ance of all the people of Kosovo, in- commitments and trust of our allies in backed down and withdrew his forces cluding its Serbian minority—And that NATO, undercut US leadership worldwide, from Kosovo. However, he left the we are proud of the American service and encourage renewed ethnic tension, fight- province in total devastation—both men and women who are deployed in ing and instability in the Balkans. physically and psychologically. Many Kosovo and who are committed to get- While I, and many others, have had of those displaced by the conflict re- ting the job done. They know why they concerns about how the Kosovo oper- turned to find their homes and liveli- are there and understand the serious- ation has been conducted by the cur- hoods in ashes. Rebuilding from the ness and importance of their mission. rent administration, the solution to rubble has been difficult. Particularly We do them a disservice by suggesting these concerns are not a withdrawal, or as just across the provincial border, otherwise. another debate on whether or not to President Milosevic still rules, a mil- Mr. President, the Senate will be act- withdraw. The solution is to establish lion people are still displaced from ing irresponsibly if it approves legisla- a definition of goals we hoe to achieve their homes and families, and lasting tion mandating an end to our partici- with regard to Kosovo, how we intend peace has not been achieved. pation in Kosovo. I would urge my col- to accomplish our goals, and work The United States, in partnership leagues to support an amendment to more effectively with our European al- with our friends and allies, has at- strike this provision from the bill and lies in achieving those goals. When our tempted to assist Kosovars in picking renew our commitment to assist the next President takes office in January,

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.024 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 under the Byrd-Warner provision he risk of destroying the NATO mission in peace in Kosovo and will seriously jeopardize would be burdened not only with ad- Kosovo. the relationship between the U.S. and our dressing the current administration’s As General Clark stated in his May 11 NATO allies. shortcomings in establishing a Kosovo letter to Senator LEVIN, ‘‘This action I ask unanimous consent that Sec- policy, but also with a congressionally- will also undermine specific plans and retary Cohen’s letter be printed in the imposed fixed date for United States commitments made within the Alli- RECORD. withdrawal from Kosovo. ance. At the time that U.S. military There being no objection, the mate- So for these reasons, while I support and diplomatic personnel are pressing rial was ordered to be printed in the the goals of this provision, I cannot other nations to fulfill and expand RECORD, as follows: support the means used to achieve that their commitment of forces, capabili- THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, goal and I will vote for the Levin ties and resources, an apparent con- Washington, DC, May 11, 2000. amendment. gressionally mandated pullout would Hon. TED STEVENS, Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I undercut their leadership and parallel Chairman, Committee on Appropriations, United rise today to address the Levin amend- diplomatic efforts.’’ States Senate, Washington, DC. DEAR TED: I appreciate your efforts to se- ment to the military construction ap- Or, as Secretary Cohen said in a dis- cussion I had with him just a short cure as quickly as possible the Supplemental propriations bill, which strikes the pro- appropriations for our peace-keeping oper- visions of the Byrd-Warner amendment time ago, ‘‘if the Senate passes this, it ations in Kosovo. As you know, however, I on Kosovo which was attached to the will weaken the allies’ resolve rather am deeply troubled by the Kosovo provision bill in committee. than strengthen it.’’ in the bill. While I appreciated the oppor- Unfortunately, for an issue of such As General Clark concludes in his tunity to discuss this provision with Senator importance, this amendment came up May 11 letter, ‘‘A U.S. withdrawal Byrd and Senator Warner prior to the mark very quickly in committee without, I could give Mr. Milosevic the victory he up, I feel compelled to express in writing my concerns with this amendment. think, due consideration and study. could not achieve on the battlefield.’’ Because of these concerns, I find that I have worked hard to reinforce the mes- Since the committee markup last sage to our European allies that they must week I have had a chance to further I must vote in favor of the Levin mo- tion to strike the Byrd amendment, carry the lion’s share in winning the peace in consider and study this issue and I Kosovo. While certainly more could be done, have had the opportunity to discuss and urge my colleagues to do the same. we should not lose sight of the fact that the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. this issue, at length, with senior mem- Europeans are in fact carrying this burden. VOINOVICH). The Senator from Michi- bers of the Administration, with Sec- The U.S. accounts for only about 15 percent gan is recognized. of peacekeeping forces in Kosovo. The Euro- retary Cohen, with Jack Lew, Director Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, the Byrd- of the OMB, and with General Wesley peans are also carrying the bulk of the effort Warner provision would make the deci- on the civilian side, as appropriate. Clark, the former supreme NATO com- sion that U.S. ground troops must pull While strong messages from Congress on mander. As a result of these discus- out of Kosovo starting in August of the importance of burden-sharing can be sions, I have some serious concerns this year if the Europeans don’t meet helpful, I strongly believe the Kosovo lan- about the potential impact of the Byrd- certain specified percentages of their guage in the Supplemental is counter- productive to peace in Kosovo and will seri- Warner amendment financial and civilian police commit- During the committee markup, pro- ously jeopardize the relationship between ment, unless the Congress changes its the U.S. and our NATO allies. For instance, ponents of this amendment asserted mind and decides otherwise. that the certifications called for by the unilateral actions by the U.S. regarding It did decide, in any event, that even Kosovo will seriously undermine our efforts amendment could be made ‘‘tomorrow’’ if the Europeans do meet their commit- to discourage unilateral action by our NATO without delay. According to Mr. Lew, ments, even if they do meet the com- allies with regard to the European Strategic however, the certifications can not be mitments we have been urging them to Defense Initiative (ESDI). met by July 15 of this year. The reason meet—and they have been making I believe that the Kosovo provision, as why these certifications can not be progress—even if they meet those com- presently written, will force me to rec- ommend that the President veto this legisla- made, he has stated, is not because our mitments, next year, in any event, our European allies are not making efforts tion. Such an outcome will only further troops are coming out of Kosovo, un- delay a badly needed infusion of funds for the to meet their commitments—they are less Congress changes its mind. It is all DoD budget and most particularly the Army. and in many cases they have—but for self-executing. If Congress does nothing Finally, I once again urge you to fully fund technical reasons. from this point on, if we adopt the the supplemental appropriations request for So we could very well find ourselves Byrd-Warner language, next year, in International Affairs (Function 150) Kosovo. in a position whereby we have accom- the middle of the year, our troops must The requested funds support essential civil- plished the policy goals of the Byrd- come out of Kosovo. ian infrastructure that would facilitate a Warner amendment but, because tech- Now, the issue here isn’t whether we prudent exit strategy for Kosovo and nical reasons prevent Presidential cer- have the power to set a withdrawal achievement of long-term stability in the Balkans. tifications, we are forced to withdraw date and to enforce it with the power of I look forward to discussing this critical U.S. forces from Kosovo. the purse. That is not the issue. I think matter with you further. Both Senator BYRD and Senator WAR- all of us would support the right of this Sincerely, NER have given assurances that these Senate and this Congress to set a with- BILL COHEN. shortcomings will be fixed in con- drawal date for our forces from any- Mr. LEVIN. The Secretary General of ference. I very much appreciate these where. We have exercised that power. NATO, on May 16, in a letter that has assurances. But I have reason to be- We exercised it in Somalia and in been referred to by Senator MCCAIN, lieve that it is not a simple fix, but Haiti. The issue before us is the wis- said the following in a different para- that a number of issues needs to be ad- dom of setting a withdrawal date graph—one that he didn’t read, but dressed, and this may well prove dif- today, putting it on automatic pilot, which I think is also significant: ficult to accomplish. and saying that a year from now, un- If this language is adopted, it would point In addition, as General Clark has less Congress reverses its position, toward a single policy outcome to the with- made clear, by setting in motion an those troops must come out. That cre- drawal of U.S. forces. automatic mechanism for complete ates a dangerous period of uncertainty, Then he went on to say: withdrawal by 2001 that will telegraph a destabilizing period of uncertainty, As Secretary General, the prospect of any our troop deployments and our policy, which we have been urged not to set in NATO ally deciding unilaterally not to take and which ties the hand of the next motion by our Secretary of Defense, by part in a NATO operation causes me deep President, the Byrd-Warner amend- the Secretary General of NATO, and by concern. It risks sending a dangerous signal ment has an impact far beyond that the recent commander of our forces in to the Yugoslav dictator Milosevic that originally anticipated in that it com- Kosovo. NATO is divided and that its biggest and plicates and makes more difficult the First, Secretary Cohen, on May 11, most important ally is pulling up stakes. U.S. role in Kosovo. I cannot ignore the said: This is the Secretary General of the conviction of General Clark that pas- I strongly believe the Kosovo language in greatest alliance in world history—one sage of this amendment would run the the supplemental is counterproductive to that we have been a leader of—who is

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.026 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4157 saying the adoption of this language thermore, the Administration had then homes have been attacked, the peace risks sending a dangerous signal to not proposed, and to date has not yet process has been continuously ob- Milosevic that NATO is divided and recommended an exit strategy for the structed by ethnic groups, the economy that its biggest and most important occupation of Kosovo. In reaching my remains flat, and efforts to advance the ally is pulling up stakes. decision, I questioned the mission’s ob- formulation of a multiethnic society General Clark, recently the com- jectives, the implication of a long-term have failed. mander of our forces in Kosovo, wrote U.S. commitment in Yugoslavia, and Our asserted goals are a multiethnic the following: most importantly I argued that our Kosovo as a part of Yugoslavia; the These measures, if adopted, would be seen vital national interests did not warrant Kosovars want independence and the as a de facto pullout decision by the United a full scale war in the Balkans. expulsion of all Serbs. States. They are unlikely to encourage Euro- In less than two months after the Ad- With all of these negative forces at pean allies to do more. In fact, these meas- ministration was authorized to enter play against the peace process, how ures would invalidate the policies, commit- ments, and trust of our allies in NATO, un- the war in the Balkans, Congress faced long does the United States intend to dercut U.S. leadership worldwide, and en- an $11 billion taxpayer commitment to police the region? How many more tax- courage renewed ethnic tension, fighting, the endeavor. Once again I voted payer dollars will be spent on security and instability in the Balkans. against the U.S. commitment to the issues in Kosovo that appear to have So the issue here isn’t our power. We civil war in Kosovo, citing the same little or no possibility of reformation? have it. Everyone in this body will pro- concerns. What is the price for peace, if peace is tect it—I hope. As long as I am here, I And what has resulted from the U.S. even attainable? will be fighting for the same power and NATO engagement in Kosovo? One of the reasons that I opposed the Senator BYRD so eloquently talks NATO’s thrust into the Balkans has war in Kosovo from the beginning was about that the Congress must have— fostered the creation of an entirely new not the risk that we were going to lose the power of the purse, the power to set class of refugees; the U.S. military has the war but the consequences of win- a deadline, should we choose, such as been required to police the region for ning. We now have ‘‘won’’, we have won the power we exercised in Somalia to an undetermined and unspecified most of what we asked for in the begin- set a deadline and to force our troops amount of time; our own NATO allies’ ning, but the consequences of winning out. financial and military obligation to is that we are putting thousands of our We have, at times, exercised that the endeavor remains questionable; troops into Kosovo without any power. At times, we have shown, in my ethnic related violent incidents in the thought of when they will return. judgment, the wisdom not to exercise region have increased; commitment by I am convinced that a U.S. presence that power. We have not exercised it in the region’s leaders to embrace rec- may continue in Kosovo for a genera- Iraq. We are not exercising it in Korea. onciliation efforts are conspicuous by tion or so. We have, and most likely We are not exercising it in Bosnia at their absence; and now Americans and will expend billions of dollars in an out this point. We have not authorized Congress are being asked to provide of the way place that has never been those engagements to continue. We nearly $2 billion in additional funding important to our national security, have not determined that we are going for contingency operations in Kosovo. and we are doing it in a way in which to put an end to them. So we have ex- Just this week, the Government Ac- most of the destruction that we are ercised judgment both ways, in our counting Office (GAO) released its re- going to pay for in the future was wisdom. We have the power to put an port on the U.S. involvement in the caused by us. Most Americans are end to our presence in Iraq, or in Bos- Balkans. The report is critical of not going to find that Kosovo was much nia, or in South Korea. We have the only the U.S. and NATO participation easier to get into than it was to get out power, but we have decided, in our wis- in the region, but provides further of. dom, not to exercise that power. doubt about the long-term prospect for I intend to vote against the Fiscal I hope that today, in our wisdom, for peace in Kosovo. The report points out Year 2001 Military Construction Appro- the reasons set forth by Mr. Cohen, that the security situation remains priations bill because of my deep con- General Clark, and the Secretary Gen- highly volatile, that political and so- cern over the U.S. commitment and eral of NATO, we will not create this cial reconciliation efforts are unsuc- participation in the Balkan conflict. It period of dangerous uncertainty if we cessful, that the wartime goals of the is time to leave it to the Europeans. today decide that a year from now we factions remain intact, and that NATO Even though the State of Washington, are going to withdraw troops unless has failed to prepare for the transition home to the most efficient, strategi- Congress changes its mind. It is the of security responsibilities to the cally positioned, and significant Army, wrong message for our troops, for the United Nations. Navy and Air Force bases stand to in- reasons General Clark gives. It is a ter- In addition, the GAO reports that be- herit valuable military construction rible message to our European allies tween 1992 and 2000, U.S. military and funds by the passage of this legislation, because in one part of this amendment civilian costs for operations in Bosnia I cannot in good conscience support an- it says we want you to meet certain and Kosovo have cost the American other financial commitment to an standards, but in the other part of the taxpayer more than $18 billion. This unresolvable conflict in the Balkans. Byrd-Warner language it says even if figure includes commitments by the Those brave and courageous men and the Europeans meet their standards State Department, DoD, the U.S. Agen- women of the U.S. military who have and their commitments, nonetheless, cy for International Development, U.S. been tasked with implementing this unless Congress changes its mind in participation in UN peacekeeping mis- Kosovo intervention, and those serving the next year, our troops are going to sions, the Department of Transpor- in the Armed Forces in the State of be withdrawn. It is on automatic pilot. tation, and the U.S. Treasury. Washington, have my admiration and It is self-effectuating. If no action is GAO also concluded that between support. But in the goal of attaining taken further by the Congress, our 1991 and 1999, more than 4.4 million peace in the Balkans, of the Adminis- troops must be withdrawn. people have been displaced as a result tration’s questionable leadership in Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, on of the wars in Kosovo, Bosnia, and Cro- this endeavor, and the long-term com- March 23, 1999, I voted against the ini- atia. A large share of these people re- mitment that is expected of the Amer- tial Senate resolution to authorize air main in refugee camps. These dis- ican taxpayer, I have no confidence at attacks in Yugoslavia. More than 420 placed, war torn individuals have lost all. days have passed since I cast that vote, their homes, and have few prospects to Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise and I could not be more confident in regain them. today in strong support of the Fiscal my initial decision. In spite of such a massive financial Year 2001 military construction appro- I argued in 1999 that the United and political commitment, the report priations bill and to commend my col- States was foolishly injecting and en- also concludes that should NATO with- leagues Senator STEVENS, Senator gaging the brave men and women of draw, unrest is inevitable. Political BYRD, Senator BURNS, and Senator our Armed Forces into a civil war that leaders have not embraced change, peo- MURRAY for their leadership in bring- I dare say may never be resolved. Fur- ple who have tried to return to their ing this most important spending bill

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.081 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 before the Senate. This bill provides In this bill, Mr. President, with the tions has stated the requirement for critical funding for military construc- leadership of Senator BYRD and Sen- 4,718 police and at this point the United tion projects as well as Department of ator WARNER, the Senate is taking ac- States has provided 97% of the 550 po- Defense related emergency supple- tion to establish some way of getting lice we have pledged, yet our European mental funding for fiscal year 2000. to an end in Kosovo. Provisions in this partners have only mustered 63% of the Other colleagues have already spoken bill provide a limitation of funds for 1288 police they had pledged. Mr. Presi- on the merits of the military construc- U.S. ground combat troops in Kosovo. dent, I call on the leadership of our al- tion aspect of this bill and the impor- Section 2410 of this bill terminates lies to meet their commitments! tance of those projects to the men and funding for the U.S. presence in Kosovo Let me remind my colleagues that in women of our armed forces and their after July 1, 2001, unless and until the the last decade we anticipated reaping families. So today, I am going to focus President submits a report to Congress the benefits of the peace dividend. my remarks on the critical provisions containing a request to specifically au- Many touted that the end of the Cold contained in the Byrd-Warner amend- thorize continued U.S. ground troop de- War would allow us to draw down our ment and why I believe those provi- ployment and Congress enacts a joint military forces and spend less money sions are as important to these same resolution specifically authorizing on defense. Well we have drawn our men and women and their families. such continued deployment. I must forces down, and they are deployed By including emergency supple- note, that this provision does continue more now than ever anticipated in the mental funding in this bill, and fast the support of non-combat troops in post-cold-war era, and we are paying tracking its passage, the Congress will Kosovo who can provide limited sup- for it. In the period 1999 through 1999, be supporting the loyal men and port to the continued NATO peace- U.S. taxpayers will have spent more women of our armed forces who are keeping operation. than $23.6 billion for contingency oper- participating in contingency oper- The provision further requires the ations. Mr. President, we just cannot ations overseas. But, Mr. President, President to develop a plan, in con- afford to unilaterally deploy troops and support of our troops is not always sultation with appropriate foreign gov- provide monetary support to each glob- ‘‘sending money,’’ sometimes we sup- ernments, by which NATO member al hot spot for an indefinite period of port them best by ensuring that they countries, with the exception of the time, with tepid and inconsistent sup- are not overextended in missions that U.S., and other non-NATO countries port from the UN, NATO, and our other appear to have no end. And that is why will provide all ground combat troops allies. I commend Senator BYRD and Senator necessary to execute peacekeeping op- In the four years of the Bosnia Oper- WARNER for their leadership by includ- erations in Kosovo. Again, we are look- ation, more Army reservists have been ing these provisions that will force the ing for a plan—something that this Ad- activated than in the entire Vietnam debate about open-ended obligations. ministration has not been able to do. War, and I am concerned that our in- For example, on May 1, 2000, the top volvement in Kosovo will mirror our The plan is to establish a schedule or U.S. commander in Kosovo, Brigadier involvement in Bosnia. I tell you this target dates, at three month intervals, General Ricardo Sanchez told reporters first hand, because these reservists in- for achieving an orderly transition to a that he predicts that NATO peace- clude men and women of the 112th Med- non-U.S. force in Kosovo. keepers will have to remain in the Bal- ical Company from the Army National Mr. President, it is also in this spirit kans for ‘‘at least a generation.’’ Guard and members of the 101st Air Re- that I must express my disappointment In testimony before the Senate just fueling Wing from my home state of in the lack of support for operations in this last April, Secretary of Defense Maine who were called up or volun- Kosovo by the European Commission, Bill Cohen acknowledged that U.S. teered to serve in Bosnia. troops may not be pulled out during his the European Union, and the European And we are paying for these extended final months in his cabinet position, member nations of NATO and why I deployments in more than just dollars. and possibly not during the time of his strongly support the provisions of the At a time when the Department of De- predecessor. Our airmen performed su- Byrd-Warner amendment. fense is meeting only 92 percent of its perbly during the 78-day air war. Now, In Kosovo, the U.S. has taken the active duty recruiting goal, 88 percent a year has passed and we have more lead toward ending the ethnic violence of its Reserve recruiting goal and is than 5,500 troops on the ground in and establishing civil law with the in- struggling to retain the highly trained Kosovo, having spent more than $2 bil- tention of turning the responsibility people that are currently serving, we in lion on the air campaign, and by Sep- for long term development and revital- Congress and in the Administration tember of this year estimates are that ization over to the European commu- need to be mindful of the message that the U.S. will spend upwards of $5.9 bil- nity. However, the European commu- we are sending to the American people. lion in support of stabilizing the peace nity has not stepped forward as a uni- They need to know that we are aware in Kosovo. And, as the policy currently fied body to assume this responsibility, that we are closely watching, and that stands, there is no end in sight. and appears unwilling to take a leader- we are ready to step in to protect the We have learned through our experi- ship role. best interests of the U.S. and our men ence in Bosnia that rhetoric alone will In testimony before the Senate and women in uniform. not expedite mission accomplishment Armed Services Committee on Feb- Although military members ref- and bring our troops home. In 1996, the ruary 29th, General Clark, then Com- erence the high operational tempo as a U.S. sent 22,500 soldiers to the Balkans, mander-In-Chief of the U.S. European consideration for leaving the military, in support of the Dayton Accords for an Command stated that ‘‘despite our it is difficult to quantify the exact ef- operation that was to last until Decem- progress in missions assigned to the fect those contingency operations have ber 16th of that year. We have made military, civil implementation has had on the recruiting and retention of great progress there, but, four years been slow and in Kosovo today, civil personnel. It is, however, easy to deter- later, the U.S. still has a significant government structures are lacking.’’ mine the monetary effect. As we force there and no deadline for with- He further stated that ‘‘the pace of marked-up the Fiscal Year 2001 Defense drawal. So here we are Mr. President, contributions to the manning and re- Authorization Act, we were forced to four and one half years since the sign- sources of UNMIK [United Nations Mis- look for ways to find money to fund ing of the Dayton Accords in Bosnia, sion in Kosovo] have resulted in spo- new equipment to modernize our we have more than 4,300 troops in Bos- radic and uneven progress toward civil forces, money to improve housing and nia and another 3,000 support personnel implementation goals’’ and concluded the quality of life, and money to im- committed in the region and no dead- his testimony by saying ‘‘the hardest prove healthcare for our men and line for withdrawal, no end in sight. part of securing peace in Kosovo lies women in uniform, as well as their In Kosovo we won the peace in June ahead.’’ families and our often forgotten retir- 1999 with our air campaign and a year A well-publicized area where the lack ees. We continue to uphold our com- later we are providing more then 5,500 of European support for civil imple- mitments, just as we are upholding our troops to support an operation that is mentation is readily apparent is the commitment to this operation in becoming increasingly more threat- European’s lack of support for the Kosovo—to the detriment of our readi- ening. Kosovo Police Force. The United Na- ness to fight and win if there was a

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:43 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.028 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4159 major theater war—while our European sults of the air campaign in an attempt Congress making a declaration of war. allies remain in the shadows. to buy public support for the war. Did we learn anything from Vietnam? Now this Senate is considering the This is shameful—and the individuals Finally, I warn my colleagues that addition of $1.85 billion in supple- involved in this deceit ought to be rep- rather than admitting to a colossal mental appropriations to support over- rimanded. mistake in Kosovo, which this adminis- seas contingency operations. But this The bombing triggered a refugee cri- tration would never be willing to do, it bill is different in that the Byrd-War- sis—that was its main result. There is likely that it will blunder more ner amendment limits the amount that was never any threat to NATO from deeply, possibly into Montenegro, even can be obligated to 75 percent of the the conflict in the Balkans. if the Byrd-Warner amendment were to total Kosovo appropriation until the In fact, the real threat to NATO is pass the Congress. President certifies that four specific that it has abandoned its traditional General Wesley Clark’s latest com- conditions have been met; at which role of being a defensive alliance, and ments, as well as a reading of Agence time the remaining 25 percent would be under this administration has blun- France Press and some of the other for- released. These conditions stipulate dered and contorted into a post-cold eign news sources, including comments that the European Commission, the war crisis management agency with a by some of Europe’s war hawks, reveal European Union and the European lost sense of mission. that Montenegro and the Presovo Val- member nations of NATO must provide NATO’s bombing killed innocent ci- ley might be the next jumping off a third of the assistance for reconstruc- vilians and raised regional tensions. point. Like Haiti and Somalia before, the tion that they pledged, 75 percent of In fact, the KLA can read between war in Kosovo has cost the taxpayers the funds promised for humanitarian the lines. If they create yet another billions, exhausted and demoralized our provocation, and force the Serbs to re- assistance, 75 percent of the amount men and women in the armed forces, spond, creating an atmosphere charged pledged for the Kosovo consolidated and accomplished nothing, yet dam- with allegations of atrocities or an- budget, and 75 percent of the personnel aged our image in the region as a na- other humanitarian crisis, it will give pledged for the Kosovo Police Force. tion that believes in democracy and These provisions provide specific, NATO the excuse it needs to blunder justice. tangible steps toward the fulfillment of As a result of demonizing Milosevic more deeply into the Balkan quagmire. the commitment promised by these in Serbia, we have become tacit allies We need to start pulling down our countries. This does not require these with the Kosovo Liberation Army, a forces in Kosovo and winding down this countries to provide something that group in the recent past acknowledged operation. We need to be able to admit they do not have or something that to be an organization which commits to a mistake when we make it. Our military forces are stretched as they are not capable of supporting. It terrorist acts and which appears to be thin as they have ever been. This year, is merely a means of holding them ac- supported by the Albanian mafia, the services’ unfunded requirements countable for that to which they have which is said to be a major supplier of list was in the realm of $15 billion. already committed. heroin in the European market. If, however, our allies continue to go In our zeal to ‘‘stop the killing’’ in We cannot afford to squander our back on their pledged commitment, the Balkans, we, as a result, aligned limited military dollars in Kosovo. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour and the President cannot certify that ourselves with a terrorist mob with of 2:10 has arrived, and Senator BYRD is those four conditions have been met by links to drug traffickers and killed a to be recognized. The Senator from July 15th of this year, then the remain- lot of innocent people. This is peace- West Virginia. ing funds must be used for the planned, keeping run amok, and it has to be Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair. phased, and safe withdrawal of U.S. brought to an end as quickly as pos- Mr. President, the Senator from troops from Kosovo. The details and sible. time line for this withdrawal will be I support the Byrd-Warner amend- Michigan says this vote is not about left to the President and his advisers, ment, not that it goes far enough. It power. I say to the distinguished Senator with these plans to be fully developed does not. We should have never gotten that this matter is about power. It is by the 30th of September. involved in the Balkans, and we should about the arrogance of power in a So, as our troops in Kosovo valiantly have gotten out long ago recognizing White House that insists on putting conduct 1,321 security patrols each that our intervention was damaging, our men and our women in harm’s way, week and provide around the clock se- and like too many other missions from and spending their tax dollars without curity at 48 checkpoints and 62 key fa- which we have failed to learn any les- the consent of their elected representa- cilities, we must support them in every sons, open-ended, and lacking any clear tives. way, beginning with holding our allies objectives. in Europe to the fiscal and personnel We are using our young men and Where is the wisdom in that course? support they pledged to provide when women in uniform as police officers, Where is the wisdom in allowing a pol- the U.S. decided to support the air of- something which they are not trained icy of indefinite drift in the Balkans fensive in Kosovo. to be and which they understandably with no end strategy, no exit strategy, I know, that as a result of the leader- resent. and no clearly defined goals? ship of Senators STEVENS, BYRD, They are not policemen, they are sol- We keep hearing it said that we are BURNS, and MURRAY, the FY2001 mili- diers. If they had wanted to be police, endangering our men and women. I say tary construction appropriations bill is they could have signed up in their local we are endangering the lives of our good legislation that provides our men towns and at least have been home men and women in the military by fail- and women in the armed forces the with their families at night. ing to make the case up front for put- support they need as they go about I want to make one thing perfectly ting them in harm’s way. We are en- their business of protecting our long- clear. I am tired of hearing those who dangering the lives of our men and term national interests. support the Balkan blunder say that we women in the military when we neglect Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. are ‘‘undercutting’’ our troops by seek- to be sure that the American people President, new revelations from ing authorization for the mission’s con- support taking those risks before we ‘‘Newsweek’’ and ‘‘Inside the Pen- tinuation. put those men and women in harm’s tagon’’ show that the air war against I believe that sending our armed way. We are endangering the lives of Serbia was inaccurately portrayed. forces into harm’s way into a conflict our men and women in the military These reports allege hyper-inflating of in which we have no identifiable na- when we budget for dangerous missions reports of damage done by allied bomb- tional security objectives undercuts in emergency bills after the fact that ing. our troops. cannot provide for a long-term invest- Now we are awakening to the realiza- I believe that wasting our precious ment in those missions. We are endan- tion that we expended a small fortune military resources in a futile peace- gering the lives of our men and women in precision munitions with very little keeping mission undercuts the troops. in the military when we have no clear- effect—but the administration felt it I believe that we undercut the troops cut achievable goals and when we have necessary to exaggerate grossly the re- when we plunge into a conflict without no exit strategy. No ground has been

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.030 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 plowed for this mission, with no expla- here for a day, or for a term, or 4 years. make decisions—by vote—that are in nation of our goals and objectives, ex- But the people are out there yesterday, the best interest of the nation, and par- cept some vague nebulous shibboleths. today, and forever. And we are their ticularly the men and women of the Let me say this in closing. We are elected representatives. Armed Forces deployed in the Kosovo hearing from everybody but the people Let’s regain our voices and no longer operation. This is a responsibility that who pay the bills; the people who send be standing in awe of someone who the Congress has consistently failed to their sons and daughters off to foreign wears the title of Commander in Chief. exercise for many years with respect to lands to shed their blood. We hear from He is here only temporarily. He will be other military operations. Second, the General Clark. We hear from the Sec- gone in a short time. There will be a legislation sends the message that retary General of the United Nations. new Commander in Chief. What does he other nations and organizations must We hear from Secretary Cohen. We think? We want to give the new Com- follow through on their commitments hear from everybody but the people. mander in Chief a voice. of assistance for Kosovo if U.S. troops I know what it is. I have been in Con- Oh, they say: Why not vote today? are to remain a part of the military gress 48 years. I have seen a lot of these That would be highly irresponsible. force in Kosovo. things happen before. Vote today to take them out is not The legislation that is before the When we come here we have our pic- what Senator WARNER and I are saying. Senate today has three main objec- ture taken with the Commander in We are not saying take them out. We tives. First, it terminates funding for Chief. My first picture that was taken are not saying take them out today. the continued deployment of U.S. after I came to Congress 48 years ago We are not saying take them out to- ground combat troops in Kosovo after was with General Eisenhower, Presi- morrow. We are saying, lay down a July 1, 2001, unless the President seeks dent Eisenhower. We go down to the plan in consultation with the allies, and receives Congressional authoriza- White House. We get wined and dined. whereby in due time the allies will tion to keep troops in Kosovo. Second, We have pictures taken with the brass take over the ground troop responsi- the legislation requires the President over at the Pentagon. And we hear the bility. We will leave our air support. to develop a plan, in consultation with people who live in the white towers, We will leave our intelligence support. our allies, to turn the ground combat the political pundits, the media, and But let’s regain our senses here. Let’s troop element of the Kosovo peace- we forget about the people who send us just try to remind ourselves that we keeping operation entirely over to here. We get all swollen up by virtue of are not here to represent the Com- other nations by July 1, 2001. Third, re- these contacts that we have, and the mander in Chief. I am not. I am not lated to today’s operations in Kosovo, people who are telling us what they here to represent a Commander in and to signal to the Europeans the think, the so-called commanders in Chief. I am here to represent the people need for them to fulfill their commit- chief, Presidents of the United States, of West Virginia. I am not here to rep- ments for implementing peace and sta- and so on. We forget about the people, resent the Secretary General of NATO. bility in Kosovo, the legislation with- and we forget about the Constitution. I am not here to represent the Sec- holds 25 percent of the emergency sup- They may say this Constitution was retary of Defense. I respect these peo- plemental funding for military oper- all right for yesterday. They may say ple. I respect them. But they cannot ations in Kosovo until the President it is old, that it was all right 200 years tell me what this Constitution means. certifies that our allies are making ago, or that it was all right 100 years They cannot tell me what the intent of adequate progress in meeting the com- ago. the Constitution is. I have my own mitments they made to the Kosovo I say to you, my colleagues, if it were eyes. I have my own ears. I have my peacekeeping process. If the President not for this Constitution, you wouldn’t own conscience, and I will be driven by does not make that certification by be here. There wouldn’t be a Senate of my conscience and by this Constitution July 15 of this year, the funding held in the United States. There wouldn’t be a as long as I stay here. reserve can only be used for the safe, Senate in which the small States of the May God continue to bless this coun- orderly and phased withdrawal of U.S. Union have the same voice that the try—one nation, one Constitution, one troops from Kosovo, unless Congress largest States have in this Union if it destiny. votes otherwise. were not for this Constitution. If it I yield the floor. While I expected opposition to this were not for this Constitution, we Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I am legislation, I am, quite frankly, sur- wouldn’t have the United States of proud to come to the floor once again prised by the misleading statements America. We would probably have a to defend and explain the Kosovo which are being used to describe our ef- ‘‘Balkanized States of America.’’ amendment which I have sponsored fort. Those of us who support this leg- So let’s remember this Constitution. with the distinguished senior Senator islation are being accused of endan- We take an oath to support and defend from West Virginia, Senator BYRD, and gering the lives of U.S. troops, pro- this Constitution. other, well-respected, conscientious viding aid and comfort to the enemy— That is what Senator WARNER and I colleagues—despite the accusations of Milosevic, and sounding the ‘‘death and the supporters of this amendment some to the contrary. That amendment knell’’ of NATO. According to General are trying to do. We believe that the is now part of the bill before the Sen- Clark, the measures contained in this main warpowers are concentrated in ate. legislation, ‘‘are unlikely to encourage the Congress, and that the main abso- Several weeks ago, Senator BYRD and our European allies to do more. In fact, lute top warpower, the power of appro- I joined forces to draft a plan of action these measures would invalidate the priating the money, is vested here. that would lead to a vote or votes on policies, commitments and trust of our Let’s stop listening to these the continued deployment of U.S. Allies in NATO, undercut U.S. leader- dreamings of distempered fancies—by troops in Kosovo. For almost a year ship worldwide, and encourage renewed the great generals, the Secretaries now, thousands of U.S. troops have ethnic tension, fighting and instability General, Defense Secretaries, and been patrolling the streets of Kosovo as in the Balkans.’’ There is simply no Presidents of the United States. Let’s part of a NATO-led peacekeeping oper- basis in fact for making such state- listen to the people of the United ation—with no end in sight. The Con- ments. Why is the Administration so States. What do they think? They send gress has been silent; that must end. afraid of letting the Congress have a their men and women to foreign fields Congress is about to appropriate, pur- voice, by vote, on our continued mili- to shed their blood. The people of the suant to a request by our President, al- tary presence in Kosovo? We are elect- United States, the people who are lis- most 2 billion U.S. taxpayer dollars for ed by the people of our nation to speak tening in through that electronic eye military operations in Kosovo without and vote in their best interests. up there, are the people we should be any knowledge of when our troops will Have the opponents really looked at talking about. They are the people come home. this legislation? It is not a ‘‘cut and whom we should be listening to—not The purpose of our legislation is two- run’’ from Kosovo. We are not desert- some far away Secretary General, not fold. First, it requires the Congress to ing our allies. Nowhere in this legisla- some Secretary of Defense, not some fulfill its co-equal constitutional re- tion is there an automatic, mandated Commander in Chief. They are only sponsibility, with the President, to withdrawal of U.S. troops from Kosovo

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.082 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4161 on a date certain. In every case, what many commitments around the world, make this charge, we are trying to we have done is make the continued our military is stretched too thin; we take action to address the risks our U.S. ground combat troop presence in cannot have an open-ended, decades- troops in Kosovo face everyday—which Kosovo subject to a vote by the Con- long military deployment to the Bal- we must no longer ignore. gress. We are requiring a Congressional kans. It is time for Congress to act. My office recently received a commu- affirmation of a Presidential decision I was very troubled by what I discov- nication from a soldier in Kosovo de- that affects the security of our nation ered during my January trip to scribing a recent confrontation with and the welfare of the men and women Kosovo. I was a supporter of our mili- local citizens. I would like to quote of the Armed Forces deployed overseas tary involvement in Kosovo; in fact, I parts of this e-mail so that my col- and their families here at home. That was a principal sponsor of the resolu- leagues can understand the day-to-day was the intention of the Framers of the tion for authorization by the Congress reality of our troops in Kosovo: Constitution in giving the Congress co- of the air war. But I was disturbed by The entire village went out into the street, equal power for such decisions. what I saw in January. erected a barricade and as the squad (of my I point out to our critics that this I found U.S. troops running towns soldiers) came out they were pelted with legislation was carefully crafted to im- and villages—acting as mayors, police, rocks and other debris . . . As we moved in pact only the ground combat element and jailers; I found U.S. troops—in people were hitting us with sticks and actu- of our presence in Kosovo. Even if the groups of 2 or 3—guarding individual ally hitting us with their fists . . . By the Congress decides, over a year hence, houses and churches, escorting Serb time of the linkup I was punched in the face, hit with a stick and got in a wrestling not to support our continued military families to market; I found U.S. troops match. . . . Several hundred moved up the presence in Kosovo, the U.S. would still concerned with the slow pace of the hill and started throwing rocks, tree limbs, be able to provide support elements to UN’s effort to rebuild the region, and fire wood, and everything else they could get the NATO-led mission in Kosovo, and frustrated by the seemingly endless their hands on. After getting hit in the head would be able to respond to an emer- and mindless cycle of ethnic violence by a large rock and getting smashed across gency situation with combat units. in Kosovo—Albanian on Serb, Serb on the back with a tree limb I gave the order for General Clark has pointed out that Albanian, and Albanian on Albanian. the soldiers to open fire with nonlethal mu- other nations—primarily our NATO al- When I visited Bernard Kouchner, the nitions. lies—contribute 85 percent of the UN Administrator in Kosovo, I found a How long will it take until one of troops that make up the Kosovo oper- man frustrated with the level of these incidents turns deadly? Those ation. To now say that the possible progress he had been able to achieve; I who vote against this amendment vote elimination of only part of the remain- found a man pleading for help from the to leave our troops in these situations ing 15 percent U.S. forces would mean international community. ‘‘I have no indefinitely. that ‘‘the sky is falling’’ calls into money’’ was a phrase I heard over and I would like to address a particular question the importance of the allied over as we sat in KFOR Headquarters issue raised in the letter which General contribution to this effort. Is General in Pristina, in one of the few buildings Clark sent to Senator LEVIN con- Clark really saying that the 85 percent in the city with power—but no running cerning this legislation; that is, Gen- of the troops in Kosovo are of such lit- water—as most of Kosovo was cold and eral Clark’s contention that this legis- tle consequence, little effectiveness, in dark during the winter. He told me lation ‘‘is unlikely to encourage Euro- the effort to achieve peace and sta- that many pledges and commitments of pean allies to do more.’’ On this, Gen- bility in that troubled region? I would assistance had been made at inter- eral Clark, there is already evidence to hope that is not his message to our al- national conferences, but he could not the contrary. In the several months lies. pay the government workers or fix the since I first began discussing my origi- One of the main reasons we are pro- power supply with pledges. He needed nal amendment—which is now incor- ceeding with this legislation is out of a money. porated in the Byrd-Warner amend- deep sense of concern for the safety and Until he, and others, are able to ment—there has been progress. I quote security of our men and women in uni- make progress, our troops will con- from a March 18, 2000, letter from Dr. form in Kosovo. They are making sac- tinue to be policemen and mayors and Kouchner, in which he details results: rifices, they are facing daily risk to mediators—targets of the frustration ‘‘I very much appreciate the efforts their personal safety. We, as their of the people of Kosovo, and increas- that you have made so far which have elected representatives, with co-equal ingly at risk. We saw some of the dan- been instrumental in improving our responsibility under the Constitution ger that our troops face during the vio- budget situation. Existing donor for deploying troops into harm’s way, lence in Mitrovica. That will only in- pledges have now been honored. The must fully examine and debate this crease if an adequate economic and se- next challenge will be to get new donor issue and—ultimately—vote on wheth- curity infrastructure does not quickly pledges and to ensure that the pledges er or not U.S. troops should remain in materialize in Kosovo. for the reconstruction budget of 17 No- Kosovo. That is our responsibility, and I returned from that trip in January vember 1999 do materialize.’’ Dr. we owe our brave servicemembers no determined to do something to change Kouchner, we are continuing our ef- less. We cannot—we must not—allow the situation I found in that troubled forts to help. the situation in Kosovo to drift on end- region. I could not turn a blind eye to I would like to address one other lessly, as we stand idly by, unwilling to what I had seen. The legislation before issue, one that was raised in a recent act. the Senate is the result. Some may not editorial by the Ranking Member of Over the past decade, as our military agree with the approach, but I strongly the Foreign Relations Committee—an has been reduced by a third, U.S. believe that it is the proper course of editorial in which he accused the sup- troops have been involved in overseas action. porters of this legislation of being iso- deployments at an unprecedented rate. Let me address some of the charges lationists, a new charge for most of us. According to General Hugh Shelton, that have been leveled against the pro- In this editorial, Senator BIDEN states, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, ‘‘Two ponents of this legislation. The one ‘‘Some would even condition U.S. as- factors that erode military readiness that most troubles me is the charge sistance on actions of the European are the pace of operations and funding that we are putting U.S. troops at risk Union, an abdication of our preroga- shortfalls. There is no doubt that the because of this legislation. Who among tives in decision-making that ought to force is much smaller than it was a us really believes that Senator ROBERT horrify conservatives.’’ Since that is decade ago, but also much busier.’’ The BYRD, Senator TED STEVENS, Senator directly aimed at the certification re- increasing frequency of these contin- DANIEL INOUYE, and the many others quirement which I contributed to this gency operations—which involve exten- who have either cosponsored or voted legislation, I will respond. I point out sive, repeated separation from family for this amendment—15 of whom are to my colleagues that our President and home—is one of the major causes veterans—would do anything to put has already conditioned ‘‘U.S. assist- for the problems the military is having U.S. troops at risk? We have devoted ance’’—that is, U.S. troops—on the ac- in recruiting and retaining quality per- our careers to fighting for the well- tions of others. I remind my good sonnel. The United States has far too being or our troops. I say to those who friend from Delaware that the exit

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.017 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 strategy for our troops in Kosovo—as it No Member, past or present, has ever or two, a day or two, with Senator is for our troops in Bosnia—is directly displayed a greater love or respect for BYRD to discuss our founders’ delibera- linked to the actions of the UN, the this institution than has ROBERT C. tions over the importance of vesting EU, the OSCE, and others in achieving BYRD. No Member enjoys greater re- the power of the purse in the people’s civil implementation goals. As Sec- spect and admiration from his col- representatives, and all doubts will dis- retary Cohen stated in an October 15, leagues. No Member is more reluctant appear. 1999 letter to the Congress, ‘‘The dura- than this Member to come to the floor This debate is not about whether the tion of the requirement for U.S. mili- and disagree with ROBERT C. BYRD. Byrd-Warner amendment is constitu- tary presence (in Kosovo) will depend There is another reason this is dif- tionally permissible. This debate is on the course of events . . . The mili- ficult, besides the high regard I hold about whether the course of action it tary force will be progressively reduced for him. The other reason I find this espouses is in our Nation’s best inter- based on an assessment of progress in difficult is that I share many of the est. As much as I respect the two au- civil implementation and the security concerns that led Senators WARNER thors of the provisions incorporated in situation.’’ This legislation uses the and BYRD to draft this resolution in the this bill, I join Senator LEVIN, our Sec- same link—the same tie to the actions first place. retary of Defense, our senior military of others—already adopted by the Ad- As we close this debate, I compliment leaders, this administration, and many ministration. If this logic is good for our extraordinary member, the ranking others who have concluded that it is one side in this debate, I say to my member of the Armed Services Com- not. good friend, then it is good for the mittee, Senator LEVIN, for the out- I am deeply concerned about the ef- other side as well. standing job he has done in presenting fect this amendment would have. First I encourage my colleagues to read the arguments over the course of this and foremost, it would increase the this legislation carefully; examine it debate and providing us his leadership. risk to U.S. forces. There is a fragile for what it does, and especially for We owe him a major debt of gratitude. peace in Kosovo today and no one has what it does not do. Consider the well- I think he shares my view that this spoken more powerfully, eloquently, or respected, conscientious group of sup- debate is not about a number of things. compellingly about the ramifications porters. And judge for yourself what is It is not about whether the U.S. mili- of setting a date certain for a with- the best course of action. tary commitment to Kosovo or any re- drawal of U.S. forces from Kosovo than The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- gion of the world should be open-ended. Wesley Clark. General Clark has said ator from Michigan is recognized. Supporters of this amendment agree that setting a date certain for with- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I make a with the supporters of the Byrd-Warner drawal would trigger instability parliamentary inquiry: As I understand amendment. Every U.S. commitment throughout the region and increase vi- it, Senator DASCHLE will be recognized should be examined regularly by Con- olence in the area. at 2:20. Is that correct? gress and the President to ensure that I hope everyone will listen, regard- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is it remains in our national interest. less of whether or not he is a con- correct. The time between now and 2:20 This debate is not about whether the stituent of ours; he is the expert. If we is under the control of the Senator U.S. commitment to Kosovo or any do anything as we make these deci- from West Virginia. other region of the world should be sions, I think we need to listen to those Mr. LEVIN. I thank the Chair. open ended. who are expert in their fields. Trig- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, would the This debate is not about whether our gering instability throughout the re- distinguished majority leader like to NATO allies should pay a fair share of gion and increasing violence in the go ahead? I have 3 minutes. Do I? any joint operation. We all agree. We area is something about which all The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have great difficulty reaching una- Members ought to be concerned. ator has 2 minutes remaining. nimity in many areas these days, but Second, this action rewards Slobodan Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, was it we are not in disagreement over that Milosevic for his ethnic cleansing cam- the intention of the distinguished sen- fact. Our allies should be sharing the paigns and would greatly strengthen ior Senator from West Virginia to yield burden, and, in fact, they are. him and his supporters in the region. back his time? As my colleagues have already noted Again, according to General Clark: Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I have no in several of their excellent presen- A U.S. withdrawal would give Mr. desire to take any more time. I am tations to this body, they are sup- Milosevic the victory he could not achieve very happy to listen to the distin- plying 85 percent of the peacekeeping on the battlefield. guished minority leader. I have said all forces in Kosovo today. They are shoul- What a remarkable statement, that a I intended to say. I am ready to vote. dering the vast majority of the effort U.S. withdrawal would give Mr. Mr. DASCHLE. I thank the distin- on the civilian side. That is not the de- Milosevic a victory he could not guished Senator from West Virginia for bate either. achieve on the battlefield. his graciousness, as is so often the We agree that they should pay more Third, this would rupture NATO. case. than we are paying, and they are. Passing this amendment would jeop- I begin by commenting on our two Eighty-seven percent of their pledge to ardize the strength and the cohesion of colleagues, Senators WARNER and Kosovo’s budget has been made by our our NATO alliance by casting doubt BYRD. Some of the finest security NATO allies; 63 percent of the pledge to about the reliability of the United thinkers this Senate has ever produced the civilian police force has now been States as a partner. Again, according have chaired the Senate Armed Serv- fulfilled by our NATO allies; 75 percent to General Clark: ices Committee. of their pledge on humanitarian assist- Our allies would see this as a universal, ad- I think of the names Russell, Sten- ance has been fulfilled by our NATO al- verse move that splits 50 years of shared bur- nis, Nunn, STROM THURMOND. They lies. They have begun to step up their dens, shared risks, and shared benefits in have all made significant contributions commitment on reconstruction assist- NATO. to this Nation’s debate on national se- ance. Don’t just listen to General Clark. curity. Although he has chaired the Third, this debate is not about NATO Secretary General Lord Robert- Armed Services Committee for less whether Congress has a responsibility son put it more directly: than 2 years, Senator WARNER has dem- to exercise its constitutional duties The prospect of any NATO ally deciding onstrated many of the traits that made over the power of the purse. I heard the unilaterally not to take part in a NATO op- his predecessors so successful. I have eloquence once more of ROBERT C. eration causes me great concern. It risks great respect for him. BYRD. We all understand the impor- sending a dangerous signal to the Yugo- What can one say about Senator ROB- tance of this responsibility. No one is slavian dictator —Milosevic—that NATO is ERT C. BYRD? This is a rare and unique more adamant and eloquent in pointing divided and that its biggest and most impor- occasion for me. I can’t remember the out that responsibility than is he. Any- tant ally is pulling up stake. last time I was on the opposite side of one who does not understand the sig- Finally, this action would undermine an issue with Senator BYRD. I admire nificance of this responsibility should the U.S. position as a global leader. him immensely. simply spend a moment or two, an hour Unilaterally withdrawing our troops

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:57 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.019 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4163 from Kosovo would call into question NATO, the most successful military but I give credit to Senator WARNER our relations with Europe and the alliance in the history of the world, and Senator STEVENS and others, talk- world. Many will question the willing- would not exist. The emerging new de- ing about this amendment and pointing ness of the United States to play a role mocracies of Eastern Europe would out that those commitments were not in bringing democracy and prosperity still be behind the Iron Curtain. Con- being fulfilled in terms of people, to troubled regions of the world. gress did not even approve the Mar- troops, police—or in terms of money. I know Senator BYRD and Senator shall Plan until 1947. Why should we be That is unacceptable. But I think there WARNER share some of these concerns so impatient now? Why should we be so is a little bit of an attitude: If we don’t because they tried to modify their lan- unwilling to give peace and democracy do it, the United States, the sole re- guage yesterday. Under other condi- time to take firm root in Kosovo. maining world power, will take care of tions, these concerns would not be in- For 50 years we fought a cold war to it. That is not right for the American surmountable. Unfortunately, this bring peace, stability, and democracy people. It is not right for the taxpayers amendment comes to the Senate in in all of Europe. We have finally won of America. So I think we need to have such a way that they are just that. that peace. It seems to me that 5,900 a better understanding about fulfill- Why? Because Members, under the troops in Kosovo is a small price to pay ment of commitments and what is the rules now established by the majority, to keep it. long-term plan. How long are we going are prohibited from trying to offer any Just over 1 year ago, leaders from 18 to be there? Under what conditions amendments, alternatives, or sub- countries came to Washington to cele- would we ever get out? stitutes. All we can do is accept this brate the 50th anniversary of NATO. On It should be noted, even with these amendment in whole, or reject it in that occasion, Senator WARNER elo- amendments, the Byrd-Warner package whole. This is not the proper way for quently said: being adopted, we would still be able to the Senate to deal with such an impor- [NATO] must remain. It must be strong, provide logistics support, intel- tant issue. and U.S. leadership in NATO is absolutely ligence—a number of other facets. We Supporters of this amendment say it essential. are dealing with war troops on the will not force withdrawal of U.S. troops Senator WARNER’s words were right ground who would be affected by this. from Kosovo. They argue that the then and they are right now. If we are President can prevent a withdrawal by Here is the most important point of to achieve these worthy ends we must all. For years we have been through simply certifying by July 15—roughly 8 strike the Byrd-Warner language. weeks from now—that our allies have this debate about constitutional re- I yield the floor. quirements—what the Congresses do, met a series of rigid, numeric burden- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- sharing tests. the President’s prerogatives. Clearly jority leader. we have been abdicating ours. The lan- Unfortunately, the Director of the Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I yield my- OMB disagrees. Yesterday, in a letter guage under the Warner provision says self time under my leader time. to our NATO allies No. 1: Fulfill your to me he said: Mr. President, I know Senators ex- Despite progress, the targets are not yet commitments. And, No. 2, we in the pect to vote at 2:30. I know there are Congress should vote to authorize this met, nor can I provide assurances that they meetings that are going to be occur- will be met by July 15th . . . Certification action. required by the amendment . . . is currently ring momentarily. I will not delay For those who say Congress would not possible. that, but I do just want to make three not authorize this involvement next Listen to the Director of the OMB. or four points. year, the presence of combat troops in No. 1, I want to say what an instruc- He has indicated certification today, Kosovo, I do not believe that. I do not tive and constructive debate I think tomorrow, or for the foreseeable future think we know yet. I certainly would this has been. I listened to a good bit of is not possible. listen to the debate. I voted to use U.S. it last night. Some of it I came and sat And even if the burden-sharing re- combat troops in various parts around on the floor and listened to; I engaged quirement of this amendment does not the world, in Republican administra- in some of that discussion; I watched force immediate withdrawal of troops, tions and in Democrat administrations, some more of it later on on television; it sets the stage for withdrawal. and, quite frankly, against it some- and I listened to various parts of it this Make no mistake, if we pass this times in both of them. I do not think morning. I think it has been a very amendment, we are lighting a fuse. We this is risky. I think there has been a healthy debate. I congratulate all who may be able to extinguish it in time, lot of exaggeration as to the result. I have been involved on both sides of the but no one in this Senate can guar- am prepared to vote for keeping the issue on both sides of the aisle. antee that. Why would we create such language in the bill, and I think we can I also want to pay a particular trib- a crisis at this point? History shows go forward from there. But whatever ute to Senator BYRD—it is always an that lighting a fuse in this region can happens, Congress needs to fulfill its education when he speaks about the produce an explosion that engulfs the responsibility. entire world. That is not ancient his- Constitution, about why he believes I ask for the yeas and nays, Mr. tory; that is recent history. that Congress should step in to deal President. Even if we are somehow able to ex- with an issue such as this—and, of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a tinguish the fuse, in the meantime our course, Senator WARNER. They have troops and our allies are left with the both done an outstanding job. They sufficient second? There is a sufficient uncertainty about whether we are have been convincing to me. second. going to keep our commitment. His- Also, I think it should be noted that The question is on agreeing to the tory also shows that winning the peace as sponsors of the language that is in amendment (No. 3154). can often take some time. the bill, they have indicated a willing- The clerk will call the roll. Peace is a fragile plant whose roots ness to compromise in the conference, The assistant legislative clerk called need time to take hold. Mr. President, to make some changes if Members the roll. 55 years after the end of World War II, think that is necessary, on dates, or to The VICE PRESIDENT. Are there 100,000 troops remain in Europe. Never see if the administration could work any other Senators in the Chamber once in 55 years has Congress felt it with them on language that could be who desire to vote? necessary to ratify that decision. What acceptable. I think that is the way to The result was announced, yeas 53, would have happened had we pulled our approach it. nays 47, as follows: troops out of Europe less than 1 year Those things have really made the [Rollcall Vote No. 105 Leg.] after that war—as this amendment difference for me. We have no long- YEAS—53 would have us do today in Kosovo? We term plan for Kosovo. We do not know Abraham Breaux Dodd know Europe would look significantly how long we are going to be there. We Akaka Bryan Dorgan different today. The probability is the do not know how much it is going to Baucus Chafee, L. Durbin second half of the 20th century would cost. We do know our allies have not Bayh Cochran Edwards Biden Conrad Feinstein have looked like the first half—in been meeting their commitments. Bingaman Daschle Frist which we fought two World Wars. Progress is being made in that regard, Boxer DeWine Graham

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.098 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 Hagel Levin Robb Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 local, State, or Federal election, as such offi- Harkin Lieberman Rockefeller U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(A)). cial polling place. Hatch Lincoln Roth (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The prohibition Jeffords Lugar Sarbanes AMENDMENT NO. 3156 under subsection (a) shall apply to any elec- Johnson Mack Schumer Kennedy McCain Smith (OR) (Purpose: To provide emergency resources to tion occurring on or after the date of enact- Kerrey Mikulski Thompson address needs resulting from the cata- ment of this section and before December 31, Kerry Moynihan Voinovich strophic wildfire at Los Alamos National 2000. Landrieu Murray Wellstone Laboratory, New Mexico) Lautenberg Reed Wyden AMENDMENT NO. 3161 Leahy Reid On page 44 line 6, strike ‘‘$136,000,000’’ and replace with ‘‘$221,000,000’’; and on page 44 (Purpose: To postpone the effective date of NAYS—47 line 12, strike ‘‘$136,000,000’’ and replace with certain enforcement provisions until 6 Allard Feingold McConnell ‘‘$221,000,000’’. months after the publication of final elec- Ashcroft Fitzgerald Murkowski tronic and information technology stand- Bennett Gorton Nickles AMENDMENT NO. 3157 ards) Bond Gramm Roberts At the appropriate place, insert the fol- Brownback Grams Santorum At the appropriate place in the bill, insert Bunning Grassley Sessions the following: lowing: Burns Gregg Shelby SEC. . Notwithstanding any other provi- SEC. ll. ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION TECH- Byrd Helms Smith (NH) sion of law, none of the funds appropriated or NOLOGY. Campbell Hollings Snowe otherwise made available by this or any Section 508(f)(1) of the Rehabilitation Act Cleland Hutchinson Specter other Act may be used to allow for the entry of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d(f)(1)) is amended— Collins Hutchison Stevens into, or withdrawal from warehouse for con- (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘Effec- Coverdell Inhofe Thomas Craig Inouye Thurmond sumption in the United States of diamonds if tive’’ and all that follows through ‘‘1998,’’ Crapo Kohl Torricelli the country of origin in which such dia- and inserting ‘‘Effective 6 months after the Domenici Kyl Warner monds were mined (as evidenced by a legible date of publication by the Access Board of Enzi Lott certificate of origin) is the Republic of Si- final standards described in subsection The amendment (No. 3154) was agreed erra Leone, the Republic of Liberia, the Re- (a)(2),’’; and (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘2 to. public of Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Re- public of the Congo, or the Republic of An- years’’ and all that follows and inserting ‘‘6 Mr. REID. Mr. President, I move to gola. months after the date of publication by the reconsider the vote. Access Board of final standards described in Mr. LAUTENBERG. I move to lay AMENDMENT NO. 3158 subsection (a)(2).’’. that motion on the table. On page 26, at line 15, strike, ‘‘$74,859,000’’, The motion to lay on the table was and insert in lieu thereof, ‘‘$542,859,000’’; and AMENDMENT NO. 3162 agreed to. On page 27, at line 7 and 8, strike, ‘‘: Pro- At the appropriate place, insert the fol- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I say to vided’’, and insert in lieu thereof, ‘‘; Acquisi- lowing: my colleagues, Mr. WARNER and all tion of six C–130J long-range maritime patrol SEC. . FLOOD MITIGATION NEAR PIERRE, those who supported the amendment, aircraft authorized under section 812(G) of SOUTH DAKOTA. in the words of the Apostle Paul; we the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Section 136(a)(3) of title I of division C of Act that are capable of meeting defense-re- fought a good fight; we finished the the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency lated and other elements of the Coast Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999 (112 course; we kept the faith. Thank you. Guard’s multi-mission requirements, Stat. 2681–596), is amended by adding at the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I wish $468,000,000: Provided, That the procurement end the following: to join my distinguished colleague in of maritime patrol aircraft funded under this ‘‘(C) DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC JUS- thanking the Senate for one of the fin- heading shall not, in any way, influence the TIFICATION.— est debates we have had on this floor procurement strategy, program require- ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—A determination of eco- this year on an issue that affects every ments, or down-select decision pertaining to nomic justification under subparagraph (A) one of us and our constituents back the Coast Guard’s Deepwater Capability Re- shall be based on an assumption that the home. The vote was rendered by the placement Project: Provided further’’. Federal Government is liable for ground water damage to land or property described Senate, and the Senate spoke. Now we AMENDMENT NO. 3159 in paragraph (1). must continue to lead. (Purpose: To provide $5,700,000 for testing ‘‘(ii) EFFECT OF CLAUSE.—Clause (i) does I yield the floor. under the Tactical High Energy Laser not impose on the Federal Government any AMENDMENTS NOS. 3146, 3156 THROUGH 3163, EN (THEL) program of the Army) liability in addition to any liability that the BLOC On page 35, between lines 17 and 18, insert Federal Government may have under law in Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I send a the following: affect on October 20, 1998.’’. series of amendments to the desk. They RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND AMENDMENT NO. 3163 have been cleared on both sides. EVALUATION The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk At the appropriate place in the bill, insert: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND ‘‘SEC. . Section 8114 of the Department of will report. EVALUATION, ARMY Defense Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law The legislative clerk read as follows: For an additional amount for ‘‘Research, 105–262) is amended— The Senator from Montana [Mr. BURNS] Development, Test, and Evaluation, Army’’, ‘‘And other SOFA claims’’ to be inserted proposes amendments numbered 3146, 3156 $5,700,000 for continued test activities under following ‘‘ ‘. . . the funds made available for through 3163, en bloc. the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) pro- payments to persons, communities, or other The amendments are as follows: gram of the Army: Provided, That the entire entities in Italy for reimbursement property amount is designated by Congress as an damages . . .’.’’ AMENDMENT NO. 3146 emergency requirement pursuant to section AMENDMENT NO. 3146 (Purpose: To make available $220,000,000 for 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and the Navy for fiscal year 2000 for ship depot Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, the Navy’s maintenance) ship maintenance problem is large— At the appropriate place, insert the fol- AMENDMENT NO. 3160 and growing larger. Scheduled heavy lowing: (Purpose: To allow the designation and use maintenance for fifteen ships has al- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, NAVY of Department of Defense facilities as poll- ready been canceled this fiscal year. Out of any money in the Treasury not oth- ing places for local, State, and Federal Without the funds provided by this erwise appropriated, there is appropriated elections) amendment, the Navy will either can- for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000, At the appropriate place, insert the fol- cel or drastically reduce work sched- for expenses, not otherwise provided for, nec- lowing: uled for eighteen more. The individual essary for the operation and maintenance of SEC. ll. USE OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FA- cases are striking: the Navy and the Marine Corps, as author- CILITIES AS POLLING PLACES. The amphibious assault ship Bataan ized by law, $220,000,000: Provided, That the (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any should be undergoing $17 million of amount made available by this heading shall other provision of law, the Secretary of De- work at Norfolk Naval Shipyard. In- be available for ship depot maintenance; Pro- fense shall not prohibit the designation or vided further, That the entire amount made use of any Department of Defense facility, stead she is deployed to Puerto Rico. available by this heading is designated as an currently designated by a State or local elec- The amphibious transport dock ship emergency requirement under section tion official, or used since January 1, 1996, as Shreveport ran aground recently and 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and an official polling place in connection with a was repaired overseas for $1.5 million

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.008 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4165 just to get her home. Her subsequent $6 ployments, chronic underfunding of damage, replacement of electrical million shipyard availability has been maintenance accounts, inefficiencies in power lines and transformers, repair of canceled. the maintenance management system, water and gas infrastructure, and re- The backlog of work for the fast com- reductions at our public and private pair of communications systems) bat support ship Detroit—declared ‘‘un- shipyards, and lower retention rates AMENDMENT NO. 3157 safe for underway operations’’ by Navy for sailors with maintenance ratings— inspectors last August—climbed to $68 all compound this situation. Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I want to million, nearly twice previous esti- Mr. President, we have a lot of work thank Chairman BURNS and the rank- mates. ahead of us if we are to set the condi- ing member, Senator MURRAY, for their All of this unprogrammed funding tions that will ensure the capability support of my amendment combating must come out of this fiscal year’s and readiness of our Navy today and in the illicit trade in diamonds. I also budget. the years ahead. want to acknowledge the assistance of The Pacific Fleet canceled $20.6 mil- Our shipbuilding rates are too low to the staff of the Treasury-General Gov- lion of work on the amphibious assault sustain the size of the fleet necessary ernment Subcommittee and the U.S. ship Bonhomme Richard and $13 million to meet our security requirements. Customs Service. on the amphibious transport dock ship We need to accelerate the insertion As the op-ed in today’s Washington Denver. They may have to skip avail- of new and improved ship technologies Post, ‘‘Diamonds Are For Killers,’’ by abilities for three aircraft carriers— that will reduce maintenance require- Sebastian Mallaby, correctly points two of which, the Kitty Hawk and the ments. out, diamonds are fueling the violence Constellation, are nearly 40 years old. The Navy’s maintenance manage- in Sierra Leone. The Revolutionary Mr. President, we should not be sur- ment system needs modernization, ar- United Front (RUF), responsible for so prised. Since the end of the Cold War guably a new way of thinking of why, many horrors, is not fighting for a be- we have reduced the size of the fleet, how and when ship maintenance is lief, a cause, or an idea. They are a yet we are running our Navy at unprec- scheduled. criminal gang brutalizing the people of edented levels in support of worldwide Modern sailors work too hard and are Sierra Leone simply to maintain their too valuable to waste time chipping national security requirements—over grip on diamond rich lands. Diamonds paint—we need to protect them from eighty contingencies just since 1990. from Sierra Leone are unusually large Ship maintenance challenges have a mind-numbing heavy maintenance that and clear, much prized by a jewelry in- direct and adverse impact on Navy re- should be done right the first time in dustry prepared to pay top dollar with the nation’s shipyards. tention rates. Admiral Vernon Clark, no questions asked. The diamonds buy This amendment is only part of what Commander of the Atlantic Fleet and weapons and narcotics, RUF staples. should become a comprehensive ap- The diamonds are transshipped nominee for next Chief of Naval Oper- proach to the challenges of Navy ship ations, routinely points out that reten- maintenance—but it is a critical part. through Liberia and the Ivory Coast, tion is all about our sailors’ quality of We cannot afford to allow the backlog the leaders of each taking their cut of life and quality of work. Sailors spend to grow. the profits. From Africa, the diamonds valuable time chipping paint; time With this amendment and the re- are transported to Amsterdam or Lon- that should be spent training, going to sources we provide for fiscal year 2001, don before, in many cases, being school or enjoying their families. we make a national commitment to shipped here. Consider this example, just to pro- fully fund our ship maintenance re- My amendment is a simple one. It vide a sense of this retention relation- quirements, and to keeping our fleet bans the use of funds for the processing ship. The anchor and chains of the de- safe and ready. of paperwork associated with the im- stroyer USS Briscoe were refurbished in AMENDMENT NO. 3156 portation of diamonds from Sierra 1995 and supposed to last twelve years. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise Leone, Liberia, the Ivory Coast, the Within three years, rust was bleeding for the purpose of describing the nature Democratic Republic of the Congo, or through. A ten sailor detail was mus- of this very important amendment to Angola. I have chosen to include the tered from the ship’s crew to redo the provide $85 million on an emergency Congo and Angola because so-called job. The chains were lowered to the basis to begin the process of reopening ‘‘conflict diamonds’’ have fueled the pier one link at a time, dragged to a and restarting the Los Alamos Na- bloody civil wars in those countries as barge, then scraped by sailors with vi- tional Laboratory in the aftermath of well. brating wire needle guns—a total of the worst wildfire in the history of New Having choked off the RUF’s source 1,530 feet of chain. The job took ten Mexico. of revenue, it is my hope that forces sailors working six weeks to finish, a The cost of restoring the laboratory loyal to the legitimate government of job that should not have been needed to full operations will undoubtably Sierra Leone, fighting even now in the until 2007. Clearly, time-consuming and grow as the Lab discovers further con- outskirts of Freetown, can begin to spirit-sapping work. Clearly, the Navy ditions upon reopening and restarting gain the upper hand on the battlefield. is not getting all the tools, time and facilities and buildings. But this Ultimately, it will take more, far parts to do the job right. amendment is designed to provide the more, than cutting off the diamond Mr. President, there is no question, first installment of resources to assist trade to crush the RUF, but the road to we are at a crisis point in keeping our the laboratory on its road to recovery. victory has to begin somewhere. Let it magnificent fleet safe and ready. The The funds will be used for: begin here. $220 million in this amendment will Restart of laboratory operations (in- provide some immediate relief for the Fellow Senators may not realize that cluding replacement of lost scientific my amendment is based on legislation Navy and our sailors around the fleet. equipment, computers, and government championed by Representatives HALL The Senate Armed Services Com- vehicles) and WOLF. Clearly, there is bipartisan, mittee, under the capable leadership of Fire protection (including the re- bicameral support for banning this Senator WARNER, and the Seapower placement of broken or worn fire fight- bloody trade. Few would treasure a dia- Subcommittee under Senator SNOWE’s ing equipment, replacement of de- mond torn at such terrible cost from leadership, have committed to fully stroyed or malfunctioning fire alarms, the blood-soaked soil of Sierra Leone. I fund all of the Navy’s fiscal year 2001 and the expansion of fire alarm cov- look forward to working with col- projected maintenance requirements. erage) It is important to recognize, how- Environmental protection (including leagues in both houses to bring the ever, that additional funds are only a extension erosion control efforts to trade in ‘‘conflict diamonds’’ to an end. part of controlling our ship mainte- prevent mud slides; expanded air moni- I ask unanimous consent that Mr. nance problems. toring and equipment replacement; ex- Mallaby’s op-ed piece be printed in the The Administration, the Navy and panded water monitoring of run-off and RECORD. the Congress must address the larger groundwater) There being no objection, the mate- issues that will continue to erode our Cean-up and infrastructure repair rial was ordered to be printed in the fleet’s readiness. Aging ships, more de- (including clean-up of smoke and fire RECORD, as follows:

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.041 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 DIAMONDS ARE FOR KILLERS sumers started worrying about cruelty to Senator WARNER and Senator STEVENS (By Sebastian Mallaby) animals. Their nightmares feature pictures also received letters and calls from The agony of Sierra Leone demonstrates of girls with stumps instead of arms, cap- their State election officials expressing not only that the West has failed to decide tioned with the suggestion that diamonds concern about the impact of the De- when military intervention is justified. It are not a girl’s best friend in certain cir- partment of Defense regulation on up- shows its failure to come to grips with the cumstances. Lovers won’t buy gifts that profit psychopaths, and De Beers knows that. coming elections. role of natural resources in provoking con- Mr. President, let me spell out some flict. Clausewitz called war ‘‘the pursuit of So it is desperate to clean up its image. Sure enough, De Beers recently promised of the real hardships that would occur politics by other means.’’ But war is just as to buy no more diamonds from conflict re- in the absence of our amendment. The often a device for the pursuit of business. In Sierra Leone, war is caused by dia- gions. Antwerp’s powerful diamond ex- Clerk of Franklin County, Kentucky, monds. The limb-chopping rebels of the Rev- changes, which are said to buy most of Si- Guy R. Zeigler, wrote saying that the olutionary United Front (RUF) started out erra Leone’s gems, have also made reformist DOD directive prohibited voting at an in 1991 as a small band. Then they captured noises. The American diamond industry is Army Reserve facility that the county the diamond region, got rich and became a trying to sound polite about a bill intro- had used as a polling place for ‘‘15 very big band. They send the gems to Liberia duced by Rep. Tony Hall this week, which years.’’ He went on to explain: would require diamonds to come with certifi- and other obliging neighbors in exchange for ‘‘[c]hanging the polling sites for these cash and guns. They fight not to win but to cates stating their country of origin. There is movement, in other words; but not precincts creates confusion for voters keep hold of the diamond trade. They are yet enough of it. De Beers has not opened trying to locate the new polling place.’’ like the drug warlords who terrorize Colom- itself to outside inspectors who could vouch The Franklin County Clerk concluded bia. for its sincerity. Antwerp has yet to promise The latest outbreak of fighting has shown that the ‘‘timing of this directive could to stop buying from Sierra Leone and the this yet again: It was provoked when U.N. not be worse . . . a Presidential Elec- countries like Liberia that act as its agents. peacekeepers moved to disarm rebels who tion Year.’’ The industry resists what ought to be the ul- control the diamond region. The RUF, which I would also like to share a letter timate goal of its reforms: an auditable trail had been content to play its role as part of from Minnesota Secretary of State from the mine to the consumer. the government since last year’s peace deal, Better accountability is not too much to Mary Kiffmeyer. Ms. Kiffmeyer wrote was suddenly content no more. It killed four ask of an industry with annual retail sales that the DOD directive prevented vot- U.N. soldiers, took a few hundred hostage, worth $56 billion. Western governments can’t ing at military and reserve bases that and the civil war began again. If Sierra carry on financing peacekeeping missions Minnesota precincts have used as poll- Leone had no diamonds, there might well be while their consumers finance mayhem. ing places ‘‘for several decades.’’ She no rebels, and certainly not such lethal ones. This goes for Angola too, where Jonas AMENDMENT NO. 3164 concluded that if these traditional Savimbi’s election-flouting guerrillas smug- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I rise polling places were changed this late in gle diamonds to pay for weapons. In Congo, today on behalf of myself and Senator an election year, then ‘‘many voters, a shifting cast of armies has overrun bits of ROBERTS to include an amendment to including military personnel, will be the country in hope of gold and diamond the foreign operations appropriations inconvenienced at best, and deterred loot. In Mozambique, by contrast, there are bill which will benefit both the United from voting at worst, due to the loss of no gem or other resources to speak of. As a these accessible traditional polling result, the civil war that had been fostered States and China. In particular, Mr. President, our places.’’ by white South Africa’s regime fizzled out The impact of the DOD regulation on when apartheid ended. amendment allows United States busi- Mozambique is especially telling, because ness to include China in the United the State of Alaska was so great that the country has done well out of a peace deal States-Asia Environmental Partner- the State legislature passed a resolu- that resembles last year’s arrangement in ship. The time is ripe for such action, tion declaring ‘‘Alaska has a tradition Sierra Leone—an arrangement widely called particularly as China prepares to enter since statehood of public voting on unworkable. As in Sierra Leone, Mozam- the rules-based trading system we military installations and proposed bique’s rebels were notoriously brutal. But changes will cause confusion and extra after years of serving apartheid’s goals, they know as the World Trade Organization. China’s participation is good news for financial costs.’’ were brought into the government and pro- Working with Senator WARNER’s per- China and better news for United ceeded to behave responsibly. Because it has sonal and committee staff, my staff States business. no diamonds, Mozambique became what Si- was able to elicit a memorandum dated erra Leone can only hope to be: an appar- Mr. President, the Senate has al- April 19, 2000 from Douglas A. Dworkin, ently failed state that confounds the pes- ready shown its support for including Acting General Counsel for the Depart- simists by attaining a measure of stability. China in the Asian Environmental ment of Defense, clarifying that DOD’s This is worth noting in itself, because peo- Partnership through passage of an regulation ‘‘does not apply to National ple tend to pair the term ‘‘failed states’’ with identical amendment in the 105th Con- a desperate throwing up of hands, as if fail- Guard installations.’’ I ask that a copy gress. However, such efforts were sti- ure were an inevitable feature of the modern of this memorandum be printed in the fled in conference. Now is the oppor- order. But states fail for a reason: gems in RECORD after my statement. Sierra Leone and Angola, cocaine in Colom- tune time to take up and pass this Despite this clarification, it is still bia. amendment and I urge my colleagues clear that the McConnell-Stevens-War- It makes no sense trying to broker peace to join Senator ROBERTS and me in this ner amendment is necessary to prevent in resource-cursed countries unless the re- endeavor. sources are brought under control. The U.N. the disenfranchisement of men and AMENDMENT NO. 3160 force in Sierra Leone was given no mandate women in the armed forces as well as to halt mining or even gather information Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I citizens residing in communities with about it. Its first step should have been to rise today to make some brief remarks facilities under DOD’s control. The take over the diamond fields. Instead, it about an amendment I offered along purpose of this amendment is to stay waited nearly a year and then sent a force with Senator STEVENS and Senator enforcement of the Department of De- that was not up to the challenge. WARNER to the Military Construction fense regulation until after this No- The international diamond trade needs to Appropriations Bill. This amendment vember’s election so that State and be better regulated. Yes, easier said than temporarily suspends enforcement of a done. Cocaine traffickers face the ultimate local election officials who have al- sanction—their product is illegal—and yet Department of Defense regulation pro- ready designated DOD facilities as poll- they carry on in business. But two peculiar hibiting State and local election offi- ing places or have used DOD facilities features of the diamond business make regu- cials from operating polling places at as polling places since January 1, 1996 lation seem workable. First, around two- Department of Defense facilities. may do so for this year’s primary and thirds of the market for freshly mined uncut A few weeks ago, my staff at the general elections and not be forced to diamonds is controlled by one company, De Rules Committee began receiving calls scramble for alternative sites at this Beers, which therefore has enormous power from elections officials in several late date. The purpose of this amend- to reform the conduct of the industry. Sec- states complaining that the Depart- ment is not to allow election officials ond, diamonds have no intrinsic value; they are all advertising and image. ment of Defense had directed them to who have not yet designated or re- These two peculiarities could be mutually stop using polling places on military cently utilized Department of Defense reinforcing. The diamond firms know what facilities that had, in some instances, facilities as polling places to suddenly happened to the fur industry when con- been used for decades. Senator GRAMS, do so now.

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.034 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4167 After this year’s elections are over, polling places. As a result, many voters, in- Whereas the State of Alaska seeks to be a elections officials and the Department cluding military personnel, will be inconven- supportive host to our military facilities, of Defense can discuss how to address ienced at best, and deterred from voting at and this directive is counterproductive to mutual support between the state and the DOD’s concerns about operating poll- worst, due to the loss of these accessible tra- ditional polling places. United States Department of Defense; and ing places on military facilities in a I therefore urge you to contact Secretary Whereas the imposition of impediments to manner and at a time that does not Cohen to urge that subdivision E(1) of this the exercise of civil rights for the same peo- risk the disenfranchisement of voters directive be rescinded immediately, so that ple who are sworn to uphold, defend, and sac- through the confusion entailed in al- this long-standing use of military facilities rifice their lives for those rights is an ab- tering traditional polling places short- as sites for nonpartisan official Election Day surdity and an affront to all Americans; be it activity can continue. I feel certain that Resolved, That the Twenty-First Alaska ly before local, State and Federal elec- State Legislature respectfully requests the tions. I would again like to thank Sen- when Secretary Cohen is fully informed re- garding this matter, this well-intentioned, President of the United States and the ator STEVENS, Senator WARNER, Sen- but misguided policy will be overturned. United States Secretary of Defense to coun- ator GRAMS and their staffs for their Please advise me of Secretary Cohen’s re- termand any directive that impedes the assistance on this issue, and I am sponse. rights and practices of American citizens to vote at election sites at military installa- pleased that the Senate is protecting Sincerely, tions. the franchise of our men and women in MARY KIFFMEYER, Copies of this resolution shall be sent to the military and in communities near Secretary of State. the Honorable Bill Clinton, President of the military facilities by delaying enforce- United States; the Honorable William S. ment of DOD’s directive until after this THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, Cohen, Secretary of Defense; Lieutenant 1600 DEFENSE PENTAGON, General Thomas R. Case, Commander, Alas- year’s election. Washington, DC, April 19, 2000. I ask that the letters from Mr. kan Command, United States Air Force; MEMORANDUM FOR ASSISTANT SEC- Lieutenant General E.P. Smith, Com- Zeigler and Ms. Kiffmeyer and the Res- RETARY OF DEFENSE (PUBLIC AF- manding General, U.S. Army Pacific; Major olution passed by the Alaska Legisla- FAIRS) PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ASSIST- General Dean W. Cash, Commanding Gen- ture be included in the RECORD. ANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (RE- eral, United States Army Alaska; and to the There being no objections the letters SERVE AFFAIRS) Honorable Ted Stevens and the Honorable and the Resolution were ordered to be SUBJECT: POLITICAL ACTIVITIES GUIDANCE Frank Murkowski, U.S. Senators, and the This memorandum is in response to ques- printed in the RECORD as follows: Honorable Don Young, U.S. Representative, tions that have been raised regarding the members of the Alaska delegation in Con- FRANKLIN COUNTY CLERK, scope of the Department’s policy on political gress. Frankfort, KY, March 24, 2000. activities on military installations. That AMENDMENT NO. 3162—FLOOD MITIGATION IN Hon. JOHN WARNER, policy, reissued each election year, provides Chairman, Armed Services Committee, Wash- PIERRE AND FT. PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA among other things that ‘‘installation com- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, up and ington, DC. manders are advised not to allow their in- DEAR SENATOR WARNER: I’m writing to stallation facilities to be used for polling or down the Missouri River in South Da- seek your help in a matter pertaining to the voting sites.’’ kota, silt is building up on the river use of military facilities as polling sites. The ‘‘installations’’ to which this policy bottom as a result of the operation of As the Chairman of the Franklin County refers are all active duty and reserve instal- federal dams on the river. Water levels Board of Elections, I recently received noti- lations under the jurisdiction of the Depart- are rising as a result, flooding hun- fication that I would be unable to use the ment of Defense, including the Military De- dreds of homes in the cities of Pierre local Army Reserve building as a polling partments. The policy does not apply to na- and Ft. Pierre and causing considerable place due to a recent Department of Defense tional guard installations that are subject to directive. Specifically, DTG171731Z DEC 99 anguish for these families. Two years the jurisdiction and oversight of the gov- ago, Congress enacted legislation au- from SECDEF Washington DC//OASD–PA/ ernors of the states and territories and the DPL// Subsection E1. This directive causes a adjutants general in those states and terri- thorizing the Corps to conduct a $35 serious disruption of our election process as tories, so long as the guard forces remain in million buyout of affected property to two precincts vote in this facility. state status. Regulation of political activi- provide much-needed relief to these Locations as suitable as the Reserve build- ties on guard installations, including the homeowners. ing are hard to find. We have used this facil- question whether such installations may be Today, that project is at a standstill. ity for over 15 years and voters are accus- used as polling or voting sites, is within the We could start buying homes tomor- tomed to voting there. Changing the polling province of the cognizant authorities in each row, but the Corps of Engineers is con- sites for these precincts creates confusion for state or territory. voters trying to locate the new polling place. tending that the price of moving for- DOUGLAS A. DWORKIN, ward is releasing more water through Finally, the timing of this directive could Acting General Counsel. not be worse. As you know, this is a Presi- the Oahe dam, thereby generating elec- dential Election year. Turnout is expected to HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 29 tricity and revenue that will provide be high and voters all over the United States Whereas the United States Department of an economic justification for the will be affected. Defense has issued a directive to prohibit project. City officials in Pierre and Any help that you can give in this matter election voting sites at military installa- Fort Pierre have rejected this idea be- would be greatly appreciated. tions; and cause raising water levels will cause Sincerely, Whereas this directive would impede the GUY R. ZEIGLER. new flooding in their towns. voting process for citizens who live and work This problem has been caused be- at military installations; and cause the relocation legislation re- MINNESOTA SECRETARY OF STATE, Whereas the cumulative factors of time, March 14, 2000. distance, and potentially hostile climate quires that this project be economi- Senator ROD GRAMS, conditions in arctic and subarctic locations cally justified. I support that provi- Washington, DC. increase the risk of accidents; and sion. Some might question why a DEAR SENATOR GRAMS: I am writing to Whereas forcing residents at military in- project intended to provide relief to alert you to a recent action by the Depart- stallations to go off the installations to vote homeowners for damages caused by the ment of Defense that will prevent the use of will tend to lower voter turnout; and federal government must earn more military base and reserve facilities as polling Whereas elimination of election sites at sites for elections. I ask for your assistance than it pays out. Nonetheless, I believe military installations will exacerbate crowd- it is important that all Corps projects in urging Secretary of Defense William ing and waiting at election sites that are Cohen to rescind this directive. outside of military installations; and should be justified, and I agreed to lan- A DOD directive captioned ‘‘DTG 171731Z’’, Whereas base commanders may be able to guage requiring an economic justifica- issued by Secretary Cohen’s office in Decem- exercise discretion to allow election sites tion for this relief project. ber 1999 contains a provision that prohibits based on local circumstances; and Nonetheless, I am deeply concerned the use of bases and reserve facilities as poll- Whereas some election sites on military with the way this language has been ing sites or voting places (Subdivision E(1)). installations are in non-federal facilities interpreted. The only option considered This action appears to have been taken to such as schools and armories, that are oper- by the Corps for providing an economic prevent the use of such sites for partisan ated by state or local governments; and campaigning, a concern that I understand Whereas Alaska has a tradition since justification is raising hydropower rev- and share. However, those issuing this direc- statehood of public voting on military in- enues. It has ignored a far more appro- tive were apparently unaware that for sev- stallations, and proposed changes will cause priate way to justify the project: by re- eral decades local jurisdictions have been confusion and extra financial costs to the lieving the government of potential li- using military bases and reserve facilities as state; and ability it faces for damage to these

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 04:14 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.043 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 homes. In Pierre and Ft. Pierre, than the time it took to increase it. This re- Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I urge groundwater elevations track closely sults in a perched water table. This does adoption of the amendments. with the elevation of the Missouri make sense when looking at the forces that The VICE PRESIDENT. The question drive the changes. The photos of the Dunes River. City officials and homeowners Golf Course show this. is on agreeing to the amendments, en tell me that sometimes just minutes I sincerely hope this information is useful bloc. after the Corps begins releasing water and produces a quick conclusion to the quag- The amendments (Nos. 3146, 3156 from the dam, raising water levels in mire we currently are in. If you have any through 3163), en bloc, were agreed to. the river, water begins seeping into questions please do not hesitate to call me. Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I thank basements. For that reason, I am offer- Sincerely, the ranking member, Senator MURRAY ing an amendment directing the Corps BRAD LAWRENCE, of Washington State, and her staff, Director of Public Works. to take into account its responsibility and, of course, my staff for putting this for this damage as part of its economic DUNES GOLF COURSE, bill together. It has been a longer than analysis. CITY OF FORT PIERRE, usual military construction bill. It It flies in the face of common sense Fort Pierre, SD. goes a long way towards supporting the to provide an economic justification DEAR SIRS: This letter is in regards to the infrastructure of our Armed Forces. for a flood relief project by flooding water table elevations and its effects on our Mr. REID. Will the Senator yield? property. new parts of these communities. My I live at 1271 Hamilton Court in Fort Mr. BURNS. Yes. amendment will put an end to the Pierre, South Dakota. My home is located Mr. REID. Mr. President, the Judici- Corps’ insistence that it raise water approximately 750 feet from the west bank of ary Committee will meet immediately levels, and allow the project to move the Missouri River. I have lived here since after this vote right behind us. forward. I am continuing to work with the Fall of 1995. Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I yield to the Corps on the language for this I have two small ponds located on my prop- my friend from Washington. erty that extends below the level of the Mis- amendment, and hope that we can souri River during normal discharges. We ir- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I reach an agreement that is acceptable rigate our golf course from a pond located thank Senator BURNS and all of our to all. approximately 1500 feet from the river bank. staff for doing an excellent job on this Time is running short. In April, I We draw approximately 1200 gallons per bill. I urge its passage. I thank you all hosted a meeting of over 150 home- minute from the half acre lake. With normal for your support. owners in Ft. Pierre to discuss this river flow, I cannot drain this pond below the Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask for project. They were angry and frus- intake. The water in the pond completely re- the third reading of the bill. charges in about six hours. The second pond trated. One young mother stood before is approximately 2,300 feet from the river. I The bill was ordered to be engrossed me in tears, at her wit’s end because have noticed that the levels in both ponds for a third reading and was read the she must stay with her home in Pierre vary due to the changing levels in the river. third time. while her children grow up in another The level changes occur approximately two Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask city. She’s depending on this buyout to hours after a corresponding change in river unanimous consent that the Senate allow her to join her children. elevation. I can pretty much tell what kind proceed to the consideration of H.R. Other families have already placed of discharge there is just by looking at the water level of the ponds 4425, Calendar No. 554. downpayments on new property based In my opinion, the level of the water table The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk upon the Corps’ word that this project is directly related to the level of the water in will state the bill by title. would begin in April. They now risk the river. There is some lag time before the The assistant legislative clerk read losing that money unless the project levels are equal, but they do correspond. as follows: moves forward. And all residents are Thank you for your consideration of this matter. A bill (H.R. 4425) making appropriations watching the construction season slow- Sincerely, for military construction, family housing, and base realignment and closure for the De- ly slip away, raising the specter that CULLAN DEIS. they will be forced to live another year partment of Defense for the fiscal year end- ing September 30, 2001, and for other pur- in their flood-damaged homes. CITY OF FORT PIERRE, The facts make it clear why we need Fort Pierre, SD. poses. to start this project immediately. My Re: Water Table Elevations. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- amendment will allow it to move for- TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: I live at 123 E 5th jection, the Senate will proceed imme- Ave in Fort Pierre, SD. My property is lo- ward. I hope my colleagues will give it diately to consider the bill. cated approximately 350 feet from the west Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I move to their support. bank of the Missouri River. I have lived Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- there since 1995. strike all after the enacting clause of sent that three letters describing the In 1995 I had only one sump pump in the H.R. 4425 and to substitute therefor the link between the Missouri River and basement of my home. In 1996 I had to put text of S. 2521, as reported and as groundwater flooding be printed in the another sump pump in the west end of my amended. basement due to flooding and had water RECORD. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question damage to the carpet and walls of the base- is on agreeing to the motion of the There being no objection, the letters ment. After several periods of flooding I had were ordered to be printed in the to add an additional sump pump in the east Senator from Montana. RECORD, as follows: end of my basement in an attempt to stop The motion was agreed to. CITY OF FORT PIERRE, the damage to the basement. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question Fort Pierre, SD, May 5, 2000. In 1997 the Corps of Engineers erroneously is on the engrossment of the amend- Re: Water Table Levels. allowed the reservoir to get too full, putting ment and the third reading of the bill. both Pierre and Fort Pierre in danger of PETER HANSON, The amendment was ordered to be flooding. At this time it became necessary 509 Hart Senate Office Building, for the Corps of Engineers to sand bag Pierre engrossed and the bill to be read the Washington, DC. and Fort Pierre. By running high levels of third time. DEAR PETER: I have compiled the enclosed water, once again my basement was flooded. The bill was read the third time. information about the water table levels in At that time my sump pumps were running Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the the Fort Pierre area. The information clear- every 60 seconds and water was still coming pending Military Construction Appro- ly shows the direct relationship of the water in the cracks of my basement. priations bill provides $8.6 billion in table and the water surface profiles in the Today when the Missouri River water level river. There a couple of other observations is low my sump holes are empty. When the new budget authority and $5.1 billion that I made during my own investigation. Corps of Engineers raise the water level my in outlays for Military Construction First, the time lag between a rise in the sump pumps run. I can tell you when there is and Family Housing programs and river and a rise in the water table varied more discharge on the Missouri River by the other purposes for the Department of along the river. It varied with distance from pumps running more often. Defense for fiscal year 2001. the river and with geographic area. Some lo- In my opinion, the level of the water table A major aspect of this bill is that it cations received an immediate increase, is directly related to the level of the water in while others took nearly 12 hours to see a the river. There is some time lag before the is the vehicle for emergency supple- change. levels are equal, but they do correspond. mental appropriations for fiscal year Secondly, the time required to reduce the Sincerely, 2000 for U.S. military operations in level of the water table was much longer JAMES HURST. Kosovo, East Timor, and Mozambique

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MY6.139 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 May 18, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4169 and for other purposes. Those other S. 2521, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION APPROPRIATIONS and has been expanded to three addi- purposes include the repeal of ‘‘pay SPENDING COMPARISONS—Continued tional warehouse-type facilities. All shifts’’ and obligation delays enacted [Fiscal Year 2001, dollars in millions] four facilities are undersized and fail to last year, based on agreements with comply with modern construction cri- General Manda- the Office of Management and the Category purpose tory Total teria. The configuration and site re- Budget. strictions of the current facilities 2000 level: Because these obligations, amount- Budget authority ...... 8,352 ...... 8,352 make it difficult for the personnel to ing to $3.6 billion, will be moved from Outlays ...... 8,595 ...... 8,595 produce the quality and volume of President’s request: fiscal year 2001 to 2000, there is a re- Budget authority ...... 8,033 ...... 8,033 work expected at Camp Ripley. sulting negative impact on 2001 outlays Outlays ...... 8,588 ...... 8,588 Due to budget pressures, Congress di- House-passed bill: in this bill. The net outlay impact of Budget authority ...... vided the new CSMS project into two the bill is reduced from $8.6 billion to Outlays ...... phases. Phase I received 1993 authoriza- Senate-reported bill compared to: $5.1 billion. Senate 302(b) allocation: tion and appropriation of $7,100,000 and This legislation provides for con- Budget authority ...... includes administration, storage and Outlays ...... ¥4 ...... ¥4 struction by the Department of De- 2000 level: allied trade shops. Phase II will provide fense for U.S. military facilities Budget authority ...... 282 ...... 282 general maintenance workbays, spe- Outlays ...... ¥3,532 ...... ¥3,532 throughout the world, and it provides President’s request: cialty workbays, military vehicle park- for family housing for the active forces Budget authority ...... 601 ...... 601 ing, service and access areas, and flam- Outlays ...... ¥3,525 ...... ¥3,525 of each of the U.S. military services. House-passed bill: mable materials storage. Without the Budget authority ...... 8,634 ...... 8,634 completion of Phase II, the Minnesota Accordingly, it provides for important Outlays ...... 5,063 ...... 5,063 readiness and quality of life programs Army National Guard’s equipment Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Totals adjusted for for our service men and women. consistency with scorekeeping conventions. readiness will be degraded and the The fiscal year 2000 supplemental costs of operating multiple facilities provisions of this bill support ongoing Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. President, we will overwhelm Camp Ripley’s oper- peacekeeping operations of U.S. Armed are about to pass the $8.6 billion mili- ating budget. Funding Phase II of the Forces, permit the payment of past due tary construction appropriations bill. CSMA at a level of $10,368,000 will allow health care obligations of active duty While I am pleased that this bill con- this project to be completed. I have military personnel and their depend- tains a significant amount of funding championed this project from the out- ents, and provide compensation to the for projects in North Carolina, I con- set, and I am pleased it is coming to Department of Defense for unforeseen tinue to be concerned that despite re- fruition. peated assurances, emergency relief for increases in fuel costs. Second, a new Army National Guard The bill is within the revised section victims of Hurricane Floyd is still in a Training and Community Center 302(b) allocation for the Military Con- holding pattern. (TACC) in Makato, MN is certainly Before we began the appropriations struction Subcommittee. I commend needed. The 2/135th Infantry’s current process, we were assured that much- the distinguished subcommittee Chair- facility was originally built in 1914, al- needed emergency money for Hurricane though it was torn down and rebuilt in man, the Senator from Montana, and Floyd victims would be attached to the 1922. Since that time, the only major the Chairman of the full committee, first—and fastest—moving appropria- modifications have been the replace- the Senator from Alaska, for bringing tion bill. Obviously, Hurricane Floyd ment of the windows and the roof. The this bill to the floor within the sub- relief is not in this bill, and now, thou- condition of the facility has deterio- committee’s allocation. sands of hurricane victims are still rated to such an extent there is ap- The bill provides an important and waiting on the Federal Government to proximately $246,200 in backlogged necessary increase in budget authority do what’s right. above the President’s request for mili- These people are hurting like they maintenance and another $80,000 in tary construction in 2001. Most of the have never hurt before. And I guar- construction would have been needed $601 million increase in budget author- antee you that the Hurricane Floyd just to bring the building up to code. ity funds high priority projects that victims spread across the 13 affected Due to health and safety concerns, the the President’s request failed to ad- states don’t care about the politics Guard currently cannot park its mili- dress. The bill also reimburses the that go along with the appropriations tary vehicles on location; most are military services for the costs already process. The victims of Hurricane parked at the nearest National Guard incurred for their peacekeeping oper- Floyd did nothing wrong. They paid facility 60 miles away. The current fa- ations, and it permits these operations their taxes for years, voted in the elec- cility’s limitations are so great the to continue to the end of the fiscal tions and believed us when we told only practical course of action is to year. It also fully funds healthcare them that this is a government for the build a new TACC. The $4,681,000 for the needs and fuel costs that have been left people. The victims aren’t looking for Mankato Training and Community unaddressed by the President but must a handout. Most of these people have Center (TACC) will enable this to hap- be funded. Because the bill makes im- never asked for the government’s help, pen, and I have no doubt it will in- portant additions to the President’s re- and now that they need it desperately, crease the recruiting and retention quests, supports appropriate full fund- they are caught in a frustrating wait- abilities of the local Guard unit. Con- ing budgeting practices, and funds ing game. gressman GIL BUTKNECHT has shown highly important programs for our I sincerely hope that we can work leadership on this project, and did a armed services, I urge the adoption of through the Agriculture appropriations stellar job sheparding it through the the bill. request as quickly and fairly as we did House. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- with the military construction appro- Mr. President, once again, I am proud sent that a table showing the relation- priations bill. to have worked to gain the support ship of the bill to the subcommittee’s Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I am necessary to fund these projects. I have section 302(b) allocation be printed in pleased that two important Minnesota no doubt the funding the Camp Ripley the RECORD. projects are being funded in this bill, and the Mankato TACC will be good for Phase II of Camp Ripley’s Combined the readiness of the National Guard, S. 2521, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION APPROPRIATIONS Support Maintenance Shop (CSMS) and and that means it will be good for the SPENDING COMPARISONS a new Army National Guard Training people of Minnesota and our Nation as [Fiscal Year 2001, dollars in millions] and Community Center (TACC) in Man- a whole. kato, Both of these projects were in- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise in General Manda- Category purpose tory Total cluded in the Department of Defense support of the $8.6 billion that this bill Future Years Defense Program. They provides for military construction ac- Senate-reported bill: Budget authority ...... 8,634 ...... 8,634 are recognized as being good for the counts. This much needed funding will Outlays ...... 5,063 ...... 5,063 Nation, as well as good for Minnesota. ensure that our armed forces have ade- Senate 302(b) allocation: Budget authority ...... 8,634 ...... 8,634 First, in regard to Camp Ripley, the quate facilities to support them in Outlays ...... 5,067 ...... 5,067 existing CSMS was constructed in 1949 their missions, from training reservists

VerDate 19-MAY-2000 03:04 May 19, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MY6.063 pfrm01 PsN: S18PT1 S4170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 18, 2000 stateside to deploying active duty per- There is a sufficient second. BROWNBACK, Senator WELLSTONE, and sonnel overseas. Additionally, this bill The clerk will call the roll. others dealing with sex trafficking. We finances the construction, improve- The legislative clerk called the roll. also will be working to see what kind ment, and maintenance of military The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- of agreement we might work out on the family housing in the United States pore. Are there any other Senators in Elementary and Secondary Education and abroad. In a time when it is becom- the Chamber desiring to vote? Act while we are doing the sex traf- ing increasingly difficult for the armed The result was announced—yeas 96, ficking bill, if we can get agreement on services to recruit and retain qualified nays 4, as follows: that. personnel, the importance of providing [Rollcall Vote No. 106 Leg.] After this series of three different for proper housing cannot be over- YEAS—96 things are worked through, then we stated. Abraham Edwards Lott will see if there is a possibility under Thousands of men and women in uni- Akaka Enzi Lugar that arrangement or even a likelihood form report for duty each morning in Allard Feinstein Mack that we could have a vote later on this my home state of Connecticut, and this Ashcroft Fitzgerald McConnell Baucus Frist Mikulski afternoon. At this time, I couldn’t say bill will fund improvements where they Bayh Graham Moynihan what time, but I presume 5:30 or 6:00. work as well as where they live. First, Bennett Gramm Murkowski At that point, we could announce what this bill will fund the building of a pier Biden Grams Murray would occur next. Bingaman Grassley Nickles at the New London Submarine Base Bond Gregg Reed With regard to next week, I might go that will greatly contribute to safe and Boxer Hagel Reid ahead and say that we are still dis- efficient operations at the base’s dry- Breaux Harkin Robb cussing the possibility of clearing some dock. The single pier that presently Brownback Hatch Roberts Bryan Helms Rockefeller nominations and having some debate serves the drydock is overburdened and Bunning Hollings Roth time on those on Monday, and going to cluttered to such a degree that it un- Burns Hutchinson Santorum Agriculture appropriations on Tuesday necessarily complicates maintenance Byrd Hutchison Sarbanes with an understanding that there is a Campbell Inhofe Schumer work and extends the time required to Chafee, L. Inouye Sessions need for the House to act on that be- conduct ship repairs. Once the new pier Cleland Jeffords Shelby fore we complete it. The Senate doesn’t is built, the Navy estimates that it will Cochran Johnson Smith (NH) want to give up any of its rights. It has pay for itself in under six years. Collins Kennedy Smith (OR) Conrad Kerrey Snowe emergency funds in it, in addition to Additionally, this bill provides for Coverdell Kerry Specter the regular appropriations bill. the reconstruction of the Air National Craig Kohl Stevens If we don’t get started on the Agri- Guard Complex in Orange, CT. The cur- Crapo Kyl Thompson culture appropriations bill early in the Daschle Landrieu Thurmond rent structure, in which the soldiers of DeWine Lautenberg Torricelli week on Tuesday, it is going to be very the 103rd Air Control Squadron train to Dodd Leahy Voinovich hard to finish that bill next week. But control aircraft, was built in the 1950s Domenici Levin Warner it would be our intent to stay on it and suffers from several shortcomings Dorgan Lieberman Wellstone until we complete it. That could be Durbin Lincoln Wyden in terms of fire, health, and safety Thursday night, it could be Friday, or guidelines. Last year, many of the sol- NAYS—4 it could be Saturday. But it is emer- diers in this squadron were deployed to Feingold McCain gency Agriculture as well as regular Bosnia for 120 days, and they did an Gorton Thomas Agriculture appropriations items. outstanding job. Today, they continue The bill (H.R. 4425), as amended, was I think it is essential that we find a to train in order to be ready to deploy passed. way to commit ourselves to get that to the corners of the earth in defense of Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I move to legislation through before we leave. this nation’s interests. They deserve to reconsider the vote, and I move to lay f work and train in a safe, modern facil- that motion on the table. ity. The motion to lay on the table was UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— Also, this bill funds badly needed im- agreed to. S. 2522 provements to 295 homes at the New The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, having said London Submarine Base. The improve- SMITH of Oregon). Under the previous that, I ask unanimous consent that the ments to these nearly forty-year-old order, the Senate insists on its amend- Senate now turn to S. 2522, the foreign homes include electrical and plumbing ment and requests a conference with ops appropriations bill, which includes upgrades, installation of natural gas the House. the emergency funding for efforts to heating systems, and replacing roofs, The Presiding Officer (Mr. SMITH of aid Colombia and that country’s war windows, and exterior siding. The time Oregon) appointed Mr. BURNS, Mrs. on drugs, in addition to funding our has come to accomplish these projects, HUTCHISON, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. KYL, Mr. foreign policy initiatives throughout and they help fulfill our responsibility STEVENS, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. REID, Mr. the world. to ensure that our armed services per- INOUYE, and Mr. BYRD conferees on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there sonnel and their families live in well- part of the Senate. objection? maintained homes. I can think of few The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ob- better ways to show our men and jority leader. ject. women in uniform that we appreciate f The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- their service and sacrifice on behalf of tion is heard. ORDER OF BUSINESS this nation. f Finally, I thank the chairman and Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, we have FOREIGN OPERATIONS, EXPORT ranking member of the Military Con- been discussing with our colleagues the FINANCING, AND RELATED PRO- struction Subcommittee, Senators procedure for the remainder of the day. GRAMS APPROPRIATIONS ACT, BURNS and MURRAY. They have accom- At this time, I am going to ask unan- 2001—MOTION TO PROCEED plished the important work of imous consent to go to the foreign ops prioritizing the military construction appropriations bill. I understand there Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I move to projects and bringing this bill to the will be objection to that. If there is ob- proceed to S. 2522, the foreign ops ap- floor. I encourage my colleagues to jection, then I would move to proceed propriations bill. join me in support of these priorities. to it. That, of course, would be debat- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill hav- able. I understand there is at least a question is on agreeing to the motion. ing been read the third time, the ques- couple of Senators who would want to Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, under that tion is, Shall it pass? be heard on this matter. debate time, I would say again that I Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I ask for While that is being debated, we will believe Senator GORTON wishes to the yeas and nays. be working to see if we can get a time make a statement at this time. I see The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there a agreement and the ability to complete Senator MCCONNELL is here, and I pre- sufficient second? action on legislation by Senator sume Senator LEAHY, who is also here,

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