Effects of Early and Late Nocturnal Sleep on Declarative and Procedural Memory
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Dissociation Between Declarative and Procedural Mechanisms in Long-Term Memory
! DISSOCIATION BETWEEN DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MECHANISMS IN LONG-TERM MEMORY A dissertation submitted to the Kent State University College of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Dale A. Hirsch August, 2017 ! A dissertation written by Dale A. Hirsch B.A., Cleveland State University, 2010 M.A., Cleveland State University, 2013 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2017 Approved by _________________________, Director, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Bradley Morris _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Christopher Was _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Karrie Godwin Accepted by _________________________, Director, School of Lifespan Development and Mary Dellmann-Jenkins Educational Sciences _________________________, Dean, College of Education, Health and Human James C. Hannon Services ! ""! ! HIRSCH, DALE A., Ph.D., August 2017 Educational Psychology DISSOCIATION BETWEEN DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MECHANISMS IN LONG-TERM MEMORY (66 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Bradley Morris The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential dissociation between declarative and procedural elements in long-term memory for a facilitation of procedural memory (FPM) paradigm. FPM coupled with a directed forgetting (DF) manipulation was utilized to highlight the dissociation. Three experiments were conducted to that end. All three experiments resulted in facilitation for categorization operations. Experiments one and two additionally found relatively poor recognition for items that participants were told to forget despite the fact that relevant categorization operations were facilitated. Experiment three resulted in similarly poor recognition for category names that participants were told to forget. Taken together, the three experiments in this investigation demonstrate a clear dissociation between the procedural and declarative elements of the FPM task. -
How Trauma Impacts Four Different Types of Memory
How Trauma Impacts Four Different Types of Memory EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPLICIT MEMORY SEMANTIC MEMORY EPISODIC MEMORY EMOTIONAL MEMORY PROCEDURAL MEMORY What It Is What It Is What It Is What It Is The memory of general knowledge and The autobiographical memory of an event The memory of the emotions you felt The memory of how to perform a facts. or experience – including the who, what, during an experience. common task without actively thinking and where. Example Example Example Example You remember what a bicycle is. You remember who was there and what When a wave of shame or anxiety grabs You can ride a bicycle automatically, with- street you were on when you fell off your you the next time you see your bicycle out having to stop and recall how it’s bicycle in front of a crowd. after the big fall. done. How Trauma Can Affect It How Trauma Can Affect It How Trauma Can Affect It How Trauma Can Affect It Trauma can prevent information (like Trauma can shutdown episodic memory After trauma, a person may get triggered Trauma can change patterns of words, images, sounds, etc.) from differ- and fragment the sequence of events. and experience painful emotions, often procedural memory. For example, a ent parts of the brain from combining to without context. person might tense up and unconsciously make a semantic memory. alter their posture, which could lead to pain or even numbness. Related Brain Area Related Brain Area Related Brain Area Related Brain Area The temporal lobe and inferior parietal The hippocampus is responsible for The amygdala plays a key role in The striatum is associated with producing cortex collect information from different creating and recalling episodic memory. -
Sleep's Role on Episodic Memory Consolidation
SLEEP ’S ROLE ON EPISODIC MEMORY CONSOLIDATION IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät und der Medizinischen Fakultät der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von Jing-Yi Wang aus Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Volksrepublik China Dezember, 2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: February 22 , 2017 Dekan der Math.-Nat. Fakultät: Prof. Dr. W. Rosenstiel Dekan der Medizinischen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. I. B. Autenrieth 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Jan Born 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Steffen Gais Prüfungskommission: Prof. Manfred Hallschmid Prof. Dr. Steffen Gais Prof. Christoph Braun Prof. Caterina Gawrilow I Declaration: I hereby declare that I have produced the work entitled “Sleep’s Role on Episodic Memory Consolidation in Adults and Children”, submitted for the award of a doctorate, on my own (without external help), have used only the sources and aids indicated and have marked passages included from other works, whether verbatim or in content, as such. I swear upon oath that these statements are true and that I have not concealed anything. I am aware that making a false declaration under oath is punishable by a term of imprisonment of up to three years or by a fine. Tübingen, the December 5, 2016 ........................................................ Date Signature III To my beloved parents – Hui Jiao and Xuewei Wang, Grandfather – Jin Wang, and Frederik D. Weber 致我的父母:焦惠和王学伟 爷爷王金,以及 爱人王敬德 V Content Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... -
Sherman Dissertation
Copyright by Stephanie Michelle Sherman 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Stephanie Michelle Sherman certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Associations between sleep and memory in aging Committee: David Schnyer, Supervisor Christopher Beevers Andreana Haley Carmen Westerberg Associations between sleep and memory in aging by Stephanie Michelle Sherman, B.S. DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Texas at Austin May 2016 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank my advisor, David Schnyer, for his guidance and mentorship. He challenged me to think critically about research questions, analyses, and the theoretical implications of our work. Over the course of 5 years, he opened the door to countless opportunities that have given me the confidence to tackle any research question. I would also like to thank my committee members: Chris Beevers, Andreana Haley, and Carmen Westerberg for their thoughtful comments and discussion. I am grateful for Corey White’s assistance on understanding and implementing the diffusion model. Jeanette Mumford and Greg Hixon were critical to advancing my understanding of statistics. From the Schnyer lab, I would especially like to thank Nick Griffin, Katy Seloff, Bridget Byrd, and Sapana Donde for their great conversations, insight, and friendship. I must acknowledge the incredible research assistants in the Schnyer lab who were willing to stay up all night to answer critical questions about sleep and memory in older adults, especially Jasmine McNeely, Mehak Gupta, Jiazhou Chen, Haley Bednarz, Tolan Nguyen, and Angela Murira. -
PSYC20006 Notes
PSYC20006 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY PSYC20006 1 COGNITIVE THEORIES OF MEMORY Procedural Memory: The storage of skills & procedures, key in motor performance. It involves memory systems that are independent of the hippocampal formation, in particular, the cerebellum, basal ganglia, cortical motor sites. Doesn't involve mesial-temporal function, basal forebrain or diencephalon. Declarative memory: Accumulation of facts/data from learning experiences. • Associated with encoding & maintaining information, which comes from higher systems in the brain that have processed the information • Information is then passed to hippocampal formation, which does the encoding for elaboration & retention. Hippocampus is in charge of structuring our memories in a relational way so everything relating to the same topic is organized within the same network. This is also how memories are retrieved. Activation of 1 piece of information will link up the whole network of related pieces of information. Memories are placed into an already exiting framework, and so memory activation can be independent of the environment. MODELS OF MEMORY Serial models of Memory include the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, Levels of Processing Model & Tulving’s Model — all suggest that memory is processed in a sequential way. A parallel model of memory, the Parallel Distributed Processing Model, is one which suggests types of memories are processed independently. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model First starts as Sensory Memory (visual / auditory). If nothing is done with it, fades very quickly but if you pay attention to it, it will move into working memory. Working Memory contains both new information & from long-term memory. If it goes through an encoding process, it will be in long-term memory. -
The Declarative/Procedural Model Michael T
Cognition 92 (2004) 231–270 www.elsevier.com/locate/COGNIT Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model Michael T. Ullman* Brain and Language Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Linguistics, Psychology and Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Received 12 December 2001; revised 13 December 2002; accepted 29 October 2003 Abstract The structure of the brain and the nature of evolution suggest that, despite its uniqueness, language likely depends on brain systems that also subserve other functions. The declarative/procedural (DP) model claims that the mental lexicon of memorized word-specific knowledge depends on the largely temporal-lobe substrates of declarative memory, which underlies the storage and use of knowledge of facts and events. The mental grammar, which subserves the rule-governed combination of lexical items into complex representations, depends on a distinct neural system. This system, which is composed of a network of specific frontal, basal-ganglia, parietal and cerebellar structures, underlies procedural memory, which supports the learning and execution of motor and cognitive skills, especially those involving sequences. The functions of the two brain systems, together with their anatomical, physiological and biochemical substrates, lead to specific claims and predictions regarding their roles in language. These predictions are compared with those of other neurocognitive models of language. Empirical evidence is presented from neuroimaging studies of normal language processing, and from developmental and adult-onset disorders. It is argued that this evidence supports the DP model. It is additionally proposed that “language” disorders, such as specific language impairment and non-fluent and fluent aphasia, may be profitably viewed as impairments primarily affecting one or the other brain system. -
Declarative Memory and Procedural Memory
Declarative Memory And Procedural Memory Experienced Frank sometimes rentes his retentionist helpfully and restocks so anes! Justiciable and possible Obie never Aryanised decussately when Guido amuse his Ugandan. Ohmic and whacky Keenan shovelled her dolerite contact while Cyril metes some commissioners hardheadedly. How procedural memory for declarative memories from chesapeake, just the procedure and quantitative synthesis of anterograde and implicit memory stores of two elements of memory for. Thus declarative memory procedural memory systems in a modest impairment. Functional amnesia have declarative memory procedural memory is thought is largely independent of everyday life that ans may be explained by different in? Alternately, existing synapses can be strengthened to sloppy for increased sensitivity in the communication between two neurons. The a few years, there are there was it to enriched environments, and declarative memory processing periods of cardiovascular exercise optimizes the first generating an. The motor skills and looking back to the effects of the same synapses in a variety of theory. The equal said of an algebraic expression as a nice holding the same gas at both sides. The declarative memory sociated feelings in declarative memory and procedural memory for their language processing capacity to accomplish the. In then allows it help the declarative memory and declarative. Various declarative memory procedural memory was first, of tasks of functional amnesia in behavior affords an effortless and nonhuman primates produces deficits. Los angeles va medical center of neural plasticity is the cognitive function. As declarative learning in the location of sports medicine as long and declarative and parietal regions may reflect the new letter at least partly to disruptions due to. -
Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 917 Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy MARTINA HEDENIUS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6206 ISBN 978-91-554-8707-2 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204245 2013 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Gustavianum, Uppsala, Friday, September 13, 2013 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Medicine). The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Hedenius, M. 2013. Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 917. 96 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8707-2. The procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) posits that a range of language, cognitive and motor impairments associated with specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental dyslexia (DD) may be explained by an underlying domain-general dysfunction of the procedural memory system. In contrast, declarative memory is hypothesized to remain intact and to play a compensatory role in the two disorders. The studies in the present thesis were designed to test this hypothesis. Study I examined non-language procedural memory, specifically implicit sequence learning, in children with SLI. It was shown that children with poor performance on tests of grammar were impaired at consolidation of procedural memory compared to children with normal grammar. These findings support the PDH and are line with previous studies suggesting a link between grammar processing and procedural memory. In Study II, the same implicit sequence learning paradigm was used to test procedural memory in children with DD. -
Models of Memory
To be published in H. Pashler & D. Medin (Eds.), Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology, Third Edition, Volume 2: Memory and Cognitive Processes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. MODELS OF MEMORY Jeroen G.W. Raaijmakers Richard M. Shiffrin University of Amsterdam Indiana University Introduction Sciences tend to evolve in a direction that introduces greater emphasis on formal theorizing. Psychology generally, and the study of memory in particular, have followed this prescription: The memory field has seen a continuing introduction of mathematical and formal computer simulation models, today reaching the point where modeling is an integral part of the field rather than an esoteric newcomer. Thus anything resembling a comprehensive treatment of memory models would in effect turn into a review of the field of memory research, and considerably exceed the scope of this chapter. We shall deal with this problem by covering selected approaches that introduce some of the main themes that have characterized model development. This selective coverage will emphasize our own work perhaps somewhat more than would have been the case for other authors, but we are far more familiar with our models than some of the alternatives, and we believe they provide good examples of the themes that we wish to highlight. The earliest attempts to apply mathematical modeling to memory probably date back to the late 19th century when pioneers such as Ebbinghaus and Thorndike started to collect empirical data on learning and memory. Given the obvious regularities of learning and forgetting curves, it is not surprising that the question was asked whether these regularities could be captured by mathematical functions. -
Memory Processes
6 CHAPTER Memory Processes CHAPTER OUTLINE Encoding and Transfer of Information The Constructive Nature of Memory Forms of Encoding Autobiographical Memory Short-Term Storage Memory Distortions Long-Term Storage The Eyewitness Testimony Paradigm Transfer of Information from Short-Term Memory Repressed Memories to Long-Term Memory The Effect of Context on Memory Rehearsal Key Themes Organization of Information Summary Retrieval Retrieval from Short-Term Memory Thinking about Thinking: Analytical, Parallel or Serial Processing? Creative, and Practical Questions Exhaustive or Self-Terminating Processing? Key Terms The Winner—a Serial Exhaustive Model—with Some Qualifications Media Resources Retrieval from Long-Term Memory Intelligence and Retrieval Processes of Forgetting and Memory Distortion Interference Theory Decay Theory 228 CHAPTER 6 • Memory Processes 229 Here are some of the questions we will explore in this chapter: 1. What have cognitive psychologists discovered regarding how we encode information for storing it in memory? 2. What affects our ability to retrieve information from memory? 3. How does what we know or what we learn affect what we remember? n BELIEVE IT OR NOT THERE’SAREASON YOU REMEMBER THOSE ANNOYING SONGS that strengthens the connections associated with that Having a song or part of a song stuck in your head is phrase. In turn, this increases the likelihood that you will incredibly frustrating. We’ve all had the experience of the recall it, which leads to more reinforcement. song from a commercial repeatedly running through our You could break this unending cycle of repeated recall minds, even though we wanted to forget it. But sequence and reinforcement—even though this is a necessary and recall—remembering episodes or information in sequen- normal process for the strengthening and cementing of tial order (like the notes to a song)—has a special and memories—by introducing other sequences. -
The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation: Effects Of
The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation: Effects of Lateralisation and Emotion Chloe Rhianne Newbury This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lancaster University Department of Psychology May 2019 Table of Contents Table of Contents......................................................................................................... i Alternative Format Form............................................................................................. iv Declaration................................................................................................................... v List of Tables............................................................................................................... vi List of Figures............................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgements.................................................................................................... xiii Thesis Abstract.......................................................................................................... xiv 1. Literature Review................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General Introduction to the Thesis................................................................... 1 1.2 Sleep.................................................................................................................... -
Improving Sleep and Cognition in Young Adults and the Elderly
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Improving sleep and cognition in young adults and the elderly Cordi, Maren Abstract: Sleep, particularly slow-wave sleep (SWS), is a critical factor for health and well-being. Fur- thermore, SWS provides a brain state supportive for the spontaneous reactivation, stabilization, and long-term storage of declarative memories. Sleep architecture changes across lifespan and the parallel nascent impairments in SWS, cognition, and other health aspects hint at a deteriorating interplay between these three factors. Thus, a profound understanding of the nature of the relationship between sleep and memory in young and old human participants is fundamental in successfully finding new ways of memory- and sleep-related interventions. The first study was designed to clarify the role of induced reactivations for memory consolidation during sleep in different sleep stages. While reactivation during SWS has been reported to improve memory and stabilize it against future interference, the role of reactivations during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is less clear. On the one hand, spontaneous reactivations, functionally associated with memory performance, exist in REM sleep. On the other hand, declarative memories have proven stable after sleep which is free from REM sleep. As induction of memory reactivations during REM sleep failed to shelter memory from interference, we concluded that spontaneous reactivations which appear during REM sleep do not contribute to the stabilization of declarative memories. The second study tested hypnosis as a tool to objectively improve sleep as its efficacy had previously been proven for subjective sleep measures.