22504 CONGRESS-IO~~~ -RECQ~p - -HOUS-E November 20
recessed, under the previous 9rder, unt~l multitudes are :finding the struggle of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tomorrow, Thursday, November 21, 1963, life so difficult. · objection to' tlie request of the gentieman. at 12 o'clock meridian. . Give us a large part in building a bet from Louisiana? · _ ter world and a·finer civilization. There was no objection. Hear us in Christ's name. · Amen .. NOMINATIONS Executive nominations 'received by the COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND Senate November 20
When P,resident Eisenhowear signed the Russia has never kept-any of her solemn We have before ·US a blll to amend -the National Aeronautics and Space Act in commitments, she cannot be trusted. Arms Control and Disarmament Act. On July 1958, he stated that he regarded I wish there were some real safeguards the face of it, that bill has little refer this section 205 merely as recognizing and that the-Senate would have to ap- ence to the private ownership of firearms. that international treaties may be made prove an international disarmament ar- Yet, a great many people, as well as lead in this field, but not as precluding less rangement. As it is a United Nations ing sports magazines and sportsmen's formal arrangements for cooperation. resolution could bind us. The outline organizations, have become increasingly Recently I addressed an inquiry to the which the Disarmament Agency has de- concerned about the possibility that the Space Administration on this point and veloped for complete disarmament has Disarmament Agency will concern itself was told that the legal determination me worried. I don't favor turning over directly with private ownership of fire is the responsibility of the Department our arms to a United Nations peace arms. of State whether a specific international force. , The world is not ready for that The language, temper and range of agreement made under the authority of yet. It may never be. the act are idealistic and broad. There section 205 should be in the form of a Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. We are have been indications that the Agency, treaty and be submitted to the Senate, all troubled about that. Ever since 1933 failing to achieve concrete results on the for advice and consent, or whether it we have had all too many agreements international scene, or in its zeal to show shall be treated as an executive agree- and not enough treaties. I trust we may U.S. support for general disarmament, ment not requiring Senate action. find ourselves enforcing this. could turn to domestic regulation of In the case of the Space Administra- Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield firearms in order to show reason for its tion and international agreements that 10 minutes to the gentleman from continued existence. Assurances of offi have been concluded to date covering Florida [Mr. Sm:EsJ. cials of the Arms Control and Disarma NASA cooperative projects with other Mr. SIKES. Mr. Chairman, there ment Agency have not dispelled this fear. countries, a determination has been have been occasions when I have at- After all they can speak orily for them made by the Department of State that tempted to buy firearms abroad. Even selves-not for their successors. submission to the Senate was not in enlightened countries on our side of Therefore, magazines like Guns & required. the Iron Curtain I have nearly alw~ys Ammo, Outdoor Life, Sports Afield, So, Mr. Chairman, I very much doubt found the sale of firearms carefully and the National Rifleman, and that if section 3 of the Arms Control and supervised and restricted-so much so in great organization of sportsmen, the Na Disarmament Act will have much influ- some instances that I did not think it tional Rifle Association, with the support ence on our Department of State. Cer- worth the effort to clear the necessary of a host of sportsmen throughout the tainly the language of the Senate bill redtape to obtain the weapon I wanted. Nation, want it made absolutely clear which refers to constituti.onal processes In many nations of the world there is that the Arms Control and Disarmament of the United States and the reference almost no such thing as private owner- Act does not include the elimination of in the existing law which provides for ship of firearms. It could happen here. private ownership of firearms as part of further affirmative legislation by the This I know is f arfetched. Americans the proposed disarmament program. Congress would seem to diminish chances are not constituted to take lightly re- As a result, language was offered in the of the agreement being referred to the strictions of their constitutional rights. Senate by Senator HICKENLOOPER and in legislative branch. But, it can happen. How? I think of a the House by me. Senator HICKENLOOP- I certainly prefer the existing Ian- number of ways. Congress could enact ER's legislation was adopted by the Sen guage which is restored by this bill but restrictive gun laws. There might be ate~ Identical language by me has re frankly I believe the prerogatives of the administration decrees, based on some ceived the support of the distinguished Chief Executive were intended to cover grant of power to the Chief Executive. chairman, the gentleman from Pennsyl foreign negotiation5. I believe that a Or, the Supreme Court might, by inter- vania [Mr. MORGAN], and members of the President should not use the Executive pretation, rule out private ownership of Foreign Affairs Committee. It is in agreement but rather should obtain the weapons. A fourth way would be grad- eluded in the bill betore you and is found approval of the Senate and in certain ual chipping away by State legislatures on page 3, lines 9 through 16. The Ian- .. cases the approval of both the Ho_use and of the right to own ·weapons. guage is as follows: . the Senate. The first is least likely. The Congress, Nothing contained in this act shall be Of course, the Congress has the power being closer to the people and their construed to authorize any :Policy or action of the purse and that is why when Presi- thinking, is much more responsive to by any Government agency which would in dent Kennedy suggested a joint venture their wishes. The Congress will hardly terfere with, restrict, or prohibit the acquisi with the Soviet Union for a lunar land- in our time deprive the people of a right tion, possession, or use of firearms by an ing, I introduced an amendment to the as highly prized as this. But, Congress individual for the lawful purpose of per space appropriation bill banning the use constantly is bestowing new grants of sonal defense, sport, recreation, education, of those funds for such a cooperative power on the Chief Executive. And, or training. proposal without congressional approval. Chief Executives, no matter who they I have not been happy with the actions Congress can limit the use of funds and may be, are constantly seeking or appro- taken by the Agency. Although its basic I think we should use that power freely. priating unto themselves new grants of design appeared sound and its purpose I think, Mr. Chairman, of all votes I Executive power: We already have seen commendable, the organization has in have been called on to make since I en- farfetched administrative rulings. The jected itself into too wide an area of op tered Congress 11 years ago, this is tQ.e Chief Executives, surrounded as they are eration. I see very little being done by most difficult one for me. As one who by adviserS-:...palace guard is another this Agency which could not be done believes that the legislative bra.rich is word-whose backgrounds are not neces- properly by the State Department. and the real safeguard of democracy, I fear sarily practical, may go even further in other existing Government agencies. To such authority in the hands of one · the future in this direction than they me, it has simply provided more frosting man-be he Democrat or Republican. . have in the past. · · on the cake and costly frosting at that. That is borne out by my opposition to In the Supreme Court, we see a com- It is another layer of officialdom on top President Eisenhower when he opposed plete disregard for precedent, a whole- of officialdom. Like all newly created .... the so-called Bricker amendment. sale rewriting of the law, and even of Government agencies, it quickly began to Quite aside from that, however, at the · the Constitution. Look carefully at the expand and pyramid. The bill before moment I have serious misgivings lest rulings of that body for the past 10 years. you would increase its scope and increase our President be misled into an agree- Are they less surprising than a ruling its authorization. To me, it would be ment with the'Soviet Union on disarma- which would limit private ownership of preferable to let the Agency die. ment. - firearms? Do you think a court which As a matter of fact; the entire question Mr. Chairman, the. Soviet Union fol- ruled out prayer in the schools would of disarmament as now discussed by lows a policy of deception and until there hesitate to place a new and restrictive in.:. Government agencies carries dangerous is more evidence of Russian trustworthi- terpretation on the second amendment to overtones-dangerous to the safety of ness, I find it difficult to support this the Constitution and to say ownership of this Nation and its people. I have be program. weapons is in fact something to be en- fore me a little pamphlet entitled ·"Free- The Communists frankly say they will joyed only by active and participating dom From War", issued by the State De- outdo us one way or the other. Since members of the militia? partment. This is Department of State 19.63 CONGRESSIONAL ~CORD '~HOUS_E 22511 Publication 7277·, released in September very much for bringing this to our atten are in tbe report, authorlztng the full 1961. From page 3, I quote in part: tion. I think it is exceedingly important $15 million. DISARMAMENT GOAL AND OBJEcrlVES that we take this into consideration and Mr. GROSS. Yes. · I read the names The d.1sbandiag of all national Armed see to it that our right to bear aTmS here and I do not know that having done so Forces and the prohibition of their reestab at home 1s not curtailed. it contributes ariythin~ in support of lishment in any .form whatsoever other than Mr. SIKES. I thank the gentlewoman the argument that the taxpayers should those required to preserve internal order for her contribution. She has made be compelled to lavish an additional $10 and tor con"tributtons to a Un.lied. Nations many important contributions to the million on this program. This is the Peace Force; debate of the House. U.S. Arms Contro1 and Disarmament The elimination from national arsenals of all armaments, including all weapons of Mr. BARRY. Mr. Chairman, will the Agency. What .is arms control? It mass destruction e.nd the means for their gentleman yield? seems to me that arms control, to have delivery, other than those required for a Mr. SIKF.S. I am glad to yield to my any meaning, is control of enemy arms, United Nations Peace Force and for main .oolleague, the gentleman from New York. and it is peculia-rly the duty and the re taining internal order. Mr. BARRY. I would like to point out sponsibility of the Pentagon, of <>Ur mili To me, the limited degree of .success that page 6 of the report in the last para tary, to control enemy arms. we now enjoy in our dealings with Rus graph points out: I say again that not in the foresee sia is due dirootlY and primarily to the Section 3 also amends the law by adding a able future are you going to see dis fact that the military strength of this provision making clear that: armament. Yet 2 years ago, late in "Nothing contained in thls Act sball be 1961, there was created this .super-duper Nation is at lts highest level since the construed to authorize any policy or actlon peak of World Warn. To weaken our disarmament agency. Prior t.o that time by any Government agency which would in we were accomplishing just about as selves in the foreseeable future would be terfere with, restrict, or prohibit the acqulsi a direct invitation for a return to the tion, possession, or use of firearms by an in much in the way of disarmament with days of constant .h,arassment of the div1dual for the lawful purpose of personal an expenditure of $700,000 to $1 m.111lon United States .and its allies by the Com defense, sport, recreation, .education, or a year. We were spending around $1 munists. I need not tell you that there trai~ing." million a y.ear to discuss disarmament. However, late in 1961 came the creation is a great deal of public apprehension Mr. 'SIKES. That is correct. Ad over the prospect of surrendering our de of this super-duper 'agency, .and in the mittedly, it is broad language which is first year, as I recall, the appropriation fenses and our security into the keeping intended to insure that no Government of the United Nations as it is set f.orth for its sustenance was $1.6 million or· agency will .seek to deprive the private $1.8 million. Then it took flight. I be in this booklet. law-abiding citizen of the right to own If the Agency is to be continued, it is lieve the figure for last year was some and use firearms. $6 million. I do not remember the exact very bnportant that the safeguard which The CHAIRMAN. The time of the I propose be written into this bill. figure. Someone can supply the specific gentleman has expired. information. This is an age of growing restrictions. Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. The trend is toward centralization and Mr. MORGAN. The sum of $6.5 mil Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen lion is correct. control. I do not want to see Congress tleman from Iowa [Mr. GRossJ. I open the door for . curtailment of the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I think Mr. GROSS. thank the Chairman. right to the :possession and use of "fire we can start with the premise here to Yes, $6.5 million for the last fiscal year arms by law-abiding private citizens. day that every Member of the House· is and now 1t is proposed to jump this to Our forefathers knew what they were for peace and especially those Members $15 million. In all conscience, how can doing when they approved the second of the House who have served in combat you squander the taxpayers' money this amendment to the Constitution, which in one of our numerous wars. :I cannot .way? And what .is the money being states that: think of a single Member, particularly spent for? Betwen $3 million and $4 A well regulated militia, being necessary one who has served in combat, who million a year is spent on administration. to the securtty ot a free State, the ri~ht of would ever want to see another war. This organization now has some 210 em ployees. At the proper time I will sub the people to keep and bear arms shall not But, of course, there is something worse l>e 'intringed. ' than war, and that is slavery-slavery mit for printing in the REcoRn-:...and 'I Then. as now, an armed citizenry is of the mind, the soul, and the body; the hope you will look at it-the payro11 of less likely to be cowed by criminal ele this superduper organization. Some loss of freedom. 28 employees---and remember men~ or oppressive government. Rather there are I for one am not ready now nor in some 210 employees altogether-there than restricting freedom, the right to the foreseeable future to disarm the possess arms guarantees it by instilling are some 28 of them drawing from $14,500 United states. to weaken the United up $22,500. This is empire building independence and .strength in an en States so that we become the prey and to lightened people. at its worst. This is really a fat payroll slaves of any other pawer in the world. for a few chiefs and mighty few Indians. The United States is facing a .critical This is an unusual bill. In the first period in its history. The years to come place, it comes to the House from the Mr. Chairman, I submit at this Point will decide the desperate battle between other body, which . is often known as as part of my remarks, the payroll of the communism and freedom, individualism the "upping" body. This comes to the Arms Control 'and Disarmament Agency. and totalitarianism. If we are to win House with a $10 million appropriation Of course, this does not include a single this struggle, we wm need to preserve or, rather, it came before the House dollar of the hundreds of thousands of and use every element of strength that Committee on Foreign Affairs with a dollars th&t are spent by the agency for is available to us. Americans are fight $10 million annual appropriation for a consultants and on so-called research ing and dying in farflung corners <>f 2-year period. Believe it or not, the contracts: the world. . Some of them will survive House Committee on Foreign Aifa.irs has U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARAMENT because of lessons in marksmanship and become the "upping" committee of the AGENCY-PERSONNEL LISTING AS OF AUGUST acquaintance with firearms they gained Congress in this instance. It recom 31, 1963 as boys in a free society. We. would be mends $15 m.Ulion annually for 2 years. UNCLASSIFllD .Po.srrIONS making a fatal mistake if we allowed the It goes the Senate a total ·of $10 million William C. Foster, Director, $22,500, right to keep and bear arms to be cur better, and for what reason I do not Adrian s. Fisher, Deputy Director, $21,500. tailed. My provision will help guard know. As a member of the committee . Archibald Alexander. Assistant Director, against this. I am optimistic that it I am unable to understand why. •20.000. • will be enacted into law. This language Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, will · George Bunn, General Counsel, $20,000. ts· vital enough to merit the .support of Nedvllle E. Nord.Dess, ,Public A.tl'.airs Adviser, the gentleman yield? $20,000. all freedom-loving Americans. Mr. GROSS. I am glad to yield to Mrs. P. BOLTON. Mr. ~18 FRANCES my chairman, although he did not yield William H. ..Berman. Deputy General Coun Chairman, will the gentleman yield? to me. I yield to the gentleman from sel, $20,000. Mr. SIKES. Of course, I yield to the Pennsylvania. . Robert E. llattescm. DJsannament Adviser, distinguisbed gentlewoman. Mr. MORGAN. The gentleman did , ~o.ooo. , Mrs. FRANCES P . .BOLTON • . .A:!. an not mention that 1'7 Members of Con George W. Rathjens, Deputy Assistant Di American woman I want to thank you gress introduced bills, and their names rector, $20,000. November 20 George R. Pugh, Deputy Assistant Director, · Bernice M .. Mills, management technician, . · James E: . Greene, mail and file clerk; $4,- $20,000. $8,575. 250. Robert L. Finley, Deputy Assistant Dl- os-10 B'onnie J: Moreau, clerk-stenographer, $4,- rector, $20,000. · Adeline Chatterton, secretary, $7,535. ~50. GB-17 Alice o. Whittier, secretary,47,780. Odessa Mitchell, clerk-typist, $4,950. · Clement E. Conger, Special Assistant, Olive J. Doherty, secretary, $8,315. Patricia Pigza, clerk-stenographer, $4,250. '$18,000. os-9 Lilli~n Harley, clerk-typist, $5,090. GS-16 Nancy Hollingsworth, clerk-typist, $4,530. Mary M. Fitzpatrick, secretary, $8,025. Carole Gensh, clerk-stenographer, $4,110. Wreatham Gathright, foreign affairs ofti- June c. Eller, staff aid, $6,900. cer, $16,500. Anne Gula.st, secretary, $7,125. GS-3 Charles N. Van Doren, Assistant General Mary J. Shaffer, mall and ftle supervi- Eileen M. Hall, clerk-typist, $4,030. Counsel, $16,000. sor, $8,025. Gretchen C. Cooksey, clerk-stenographer, as-15 Adalyn Davis, foreign affairs ofticer, $8,025. $3,820. Alan F. Neidle, attorney adviser, $14,565. . Ruth o. !hara, foreign affairs ofticer, $6,675. Nancy Bolinger, clerk-typist, $3,820 . . William S. Gehron, information ofticer, Elizabeth A. Slany, documents ofticer, $7,- Elizabeth O'Brien, clerk-typist, $3,820. $15,045. 125. . Anita L. Lieber, clerk-typist, $3,925. Emery J. Adams, security · specialist, Margaret Johnson, secretary, $7,125. David Culbert, clerk-typist, $3,925. $16,005. Sadie S. Kennedy, secretary, $7,575. Patricia Hall, clerk-typist, $3,925. Walter C. Ertel, budget ofticer, $15,045. · Julia E. Barry, secretary, $6,675. Phyllis Getz, clerk-typist, $3,925. Phillip c. Holt, assistant disarmament ad- Julia B. Krenzel, secretary, $8,025. John Crane, clerk-typist, $3,820. viser, $17,445. John H. Graves, documents ofticer, $6,675. Patricia DiFura, clerk-typist, $3,820. Charles R. Gellner, foreign affairs ofticer, Josephine Pluchino, clerk-typist, $4,030. $16,005. GS-8 Vincent Baker, foreign affairs ofticer, Katherine Glazer, secretary, $6,500. GS-2 $15,045. Margaret A. Lersch, secretary, $6,295. Melvin G. Hall, messenger-clerk, $3,980. Esther P. McFarland, secretary, $6,910. Harland Moulton, foreign affairs ofticer, GS-:1 $15,045. Kaye M. Burchell, secretary, $7,935. Nathaniel Pollard, messenger, $3,455. Donald Benjamin, foreign affairs ofticer, GS-7 $15,045. PUBLIC LAW. 313 POSITIONS Nathan Rich, foreign affairs ofticer, $15,525. Patricia M. Wllliams, secretary, $5,910. Patricia. Kascak, secretary, $6,095. Bennett L. Basore, physical science ofticer, Evan T. Sage, foreign affairs oftlcer, $16,005. $20,000. Larry Holmes, foreign affairs ofticer, Marian E. Weimer, secretary, $6,095. Pauline s. Trapp, secretary, $6,280. Alton J. Wadman, physical science officer, $14,565. $18,500. Charles Coleman, physical science ofticer, Regina M. Ridder, secretary, $5,725. Barbara Enuton, secretary, $5,725. Thomas L. Saaty, physical science officer, $15,525. $18,500. Robert H. Ellis, physical science ofticer, Medora Holm, staff aid, $6,835. Helen Szpakowski, secretary, $6,650. Lessing Kahn, project manager, $18,500. $14,565. Robert Kopp, electronic engineer, $17,500. Edward M. Risley, foreign affairs ofticer, Sammie Venable, secretary $6,465. Margaret Barrett, se.cretary, $6,835. Harold Davis, military · systems analyst, $16,005. $17,000. GS-14 Shirley Price, secretary, $6,280. Susan Edwin, foreign affairs oftlcer, $5,540. . Robert S. Rochlin, physical science officer, Hampton Davis, administrative ofticer, Lorraine McCottry, secretary, $6,095. $16,000. . $13,270. Rose M. Hilton, secretary, $6,280. FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER, RESERVE AND STAFI' Albert Christopher, attorney adviser, Marjorie Geigerich, secretary, $6,465. PERSONNEL DETAILED FROM DEPARTMENT OF $13,270. Elizabeth McDougall, secretary, $5,725. STATE~REIMBURSABLE H. Keith Relnecker, security specialist, Jean Cunningham, secretary, $5,910. Jacob D. Beam, Assistant Director, GM. $13,270. Barbara J. Givens, secretary, $6,835. M. L. Brockdorff, personnel ofticer, $13,270. C. H. Timberlake, disarmament adviser, Dorothy Woosley, secretary, $5,910. CM. M. O. Zimmerman, contract specialist, Gertrude Rohrer, secretary, $6,465. $14,120. . Richard B. Freund, Foreign Service oftlcer, Christine Johnson, secretary, $6,835. FS0-1. Thomas S. Lough, proje'ct ofticer, $13,270. Barbara C. Tewey, secretary, $5,910. Jeremy Blanchet, foreign affairs ofticer, Idar Rimestad, Foreign Service oftlcer, Thomas P. Flaherty, clerk, $5,540. FS0-2. , $13,270. Jack C. Sando, foreign affairs ?fficer, $5,540. Henry D. Wyner, economist, $13,695. Samuel De Palma, Foreign Service oftlcer, Ruth L. Sivard, economist, $13,270. GS-6 FS0-2. Leonard 8. Rodberg, physical science of Victoria Gibbons, secretary, $5,205. Alexander Kie!er, Foreign Service oftlcer, ficer, $13,270. Mary F. Allen, clerk, $5,375. FS0-2. John R. Hall, foreign affairs ofticer, $14,970. Linda C. Yuzzolin, secretary, $6,055. Stuart H. Mcintyre, Foreign Service oftlcer, Grace B. Knerr, secretary, $5,205. FS0-4. GS-13 William Haynes, Foreign Service officer, Patricia Hennessey, secretary, $5,035. FS0-4. Mason Willrich, attorney adviser, $11,150. Regina H. Simms, secretary, $6,565. Douglas Griftlths, contract specialist, Henrietta Fliss, secretary, $5,205. Anthony O'Boyle, Foreign Service officer, $11,880. FS0-5. Robert Lambert, foreign affairs ofticer, GB-5 William C. Kinsey, Foreign Service oftlcer, $11,880. Gene M. Krause, secretary, $4,565. FS0-5. John W. Syphax, foreign affairs ofticer, Evalyn W. Dexter, secretary, $4,565. Thomas R. Pickering, Foreign Service offi $11,880. Paul L. Ishimoto, mail and file clerk, $5,525. cer, FSo-6. Henry R. Myers, physical science oftlcer, Oliver J . . vosseler, mail and file clerk, curt F. Gross, Foreign Service oftlcer, $11,515. $5,045. . FS0-7. Kurt Kreith, physical science ofticer, Francis Johnson, mail and file clerk, $4,885. Russell o. Prickett, Foreign Service officer, $11,150. JoAnn M. Rowe, secretary, $4,725. FS0-7. GS-12 Peggy j. McFarland, · documents clerk, Alan ·M. Parrent, Foreign Service officer, Mary G. Russell, secretary, $9,475. $5,045. . FS0-7. Beatrice Puckett, staff assistant, $10,105. Margaret C. Weedon, secretary, $5,365. Richard S. Thompson, Foreign Service ofti Lenor Burmaster, foreign affairs omcer, Joan Shepherd, secretary, $4,885. cer, FS0-7. $10,105. Cecelia Skeen, secretary, $4,565. Marie deGunzberg, Foreign Service oftlcer, James S. Bodnar, foreign affairs officer, . Bonnie Barrett, secretary, $4,565. FS0-7 . $9,790. . . Mary R. Grear, secretary, $4,725. . Robert A. Martin, Foreign Service oftlcer, Lorraine Kostelnick., secretary, tl),205. , FS0-7. Ralph w. Nary, foreign affairs oftlcer, $9,475. William Maddox, Foreign Service Reserve Jean E. Mayer, foreign affairs omcer, $9,475. Marguerite Glenn, secretary, $5,205. Richard D. Stoll, physical science oftlcer, · Robert W. Gordon, foreign affairs assist oftlcer, FSR-1. $10,420. ant, $4,565. Jerome H. Spingarn, Foreign Service Re serve omcer, FSR-2. GS-4 Robert Brandwein, International econo Marion W. Boggs, Foreign Service Reserve mist, $9,475. Susie M. Townsend, clerk-stenographer, oftlcer, FSR-2. GS-11 $4,110. Lawrence D. Weller, Foreign Service Re David K. Harbinson, attorney adviser, Trudy I. Leik, clerk-stenographer, $4,110. serve oftlcer, FSR-3. . $8,045. Stephen Pollard, physical scie_nce assistant, Ph111p J. Halla, Foreign Service Reserve oftl- Leona Timko, secretary, ta,045. $4,110. cer, FSR-8. . . Eunice A. Walker, information specialist, Roxanne George, documents clerk, $4,110. Alexander Akalovsky, Foreign Service Re· ts,310. Edna M. Jones, clerk-stenographer, $4,110. serve· officer, FSR-3. · ~ rrff()USE 1963 ' / CONGRESSIONA-fr :RECORQ 22513 Thomas c. Irvin, Foreign Service Reserve stage 2-they do not wait for stage 3- Since its creation, the Agency's re officer, FSRr-4. how the United States and its citizens search and negotiating efforts have con ,Anne w. Marks, Foreign Service Reserve of- will be brought under the International tributed significantly to two agreements ficer, FSR-5. . Court of Justice. No longer will Ameri which, it is believed, have furthered the James c. Kellogg, Foreign Service Reserve cause of arms control and lessened the officer, FSR-6 . . cans be under the jurisdiction of the Robert F. Greene, Foreign Service Reserve courts of this country. They will be dangers of nuclear war. . officer, FSR-7. brought under the International Court The first of these is the so-called hot Howard W. Catkins, Foreign Service Ci.i.reer of Justice and again under the United line. The need for some form of ready Reserve officer, FSCR--3. Nations. If you want that, continue to communications between our President Betty A. Peyton, Foreign Service Sta1f, . build up this organization. I want no and his advisers and the men in the FSS-5. part of it. . Kremlin became readily apparent during Edward C. Mistach, Foreign Service Staff, I say to you here and now tliat as a the Cuban crisis of 1 year ago. FSS-6. Elizabeth G. Drott, Foreign Serv.ice Staff, minimum this ought to be cut down to In that time of highest tension and FSS-6. . - the $10 million -that the Senate author impending danger of all-out war, it was Francis J. Mullins, Foreign Service Staff, ized. It ought to be cut deeper· than recognized that the means were lacking FSS-7. . that. It ought to be cut back to $5 or $6 to relay messages quickly and safely be Rush Voegele, Foreign Service Staff, FSS-8. million and then brought back down to tween Washington and Moscow. This Thomas Finnell, Foreign Service Sta1f, $l million. I · am perfectly willing to complicated the dangers of an accidental FSS-9. maintain a small agency capable of dis nuclear exchange. Mn.ITARY PERSONNEL DETAn.ED FROM DEPART cussing disarmament, if somebody wants From that need the "hot line" was de MENT OF DEFENSE--REIMBURSABLE to discuss it and really means it. But veloped. Although some have misrepre Edward N. Parker, vice admiral, Assistant beyond that, this is a snarl and a delu sented the system as a telephone system Director. sion. It is the creation of another em with our President on one end and Pre Davtd S. Daley, colonel, U.S. Army. Pleas E. Greenlee, captain, U.S. Navy. pire, another bureaucracy, at a cost of mier Khrushchev on the other, talking Paul J. Long; colonel, U.S. Air Force. millions of dollars. face to face, we know that is not so. Charles W. McCoy, colonel, U.S. Marine Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, will the The hot line is a teletype system, in Corps. gentleman yield? stalled in the Pentagon, which allows · Kent Parrott, colonel, U.S. Air Force. Mr. GROSS. Certainly I will yield to fast communications, but rules out the Stuart Porter, colonel, U.S. Air Force. my friend. misunderstandings which might result Ira B. Richards, colonel, U.S. Army. Mr. HALEY. I notice in the· docu from direct voice transmission. J. Ernest Samusson, colonel, U.S. Army. ment to which the gentleman just re Although other agencies were involved R. B. Creecy, captain, U.S. Navy. f erred by Mr. Foster and put out by this in the effort to develop this system, it was Joseph R. Struby, lieutenant colonel, U.S. Agency, that they never refer to na the Arms Control and Disarmament Air Force. Arthur H. Sweeney, lieutenant colonel, tions. They refer to states, which would Agency which formulated the system and U.S. Army. lead me to believe that this ls a move carried out the agreement. Charles H. Tisdale, commander, U.S. Navy. ment toward having a United States of · A second accomplishment· was the lim Raymond E. Woodstock, lieutenant colo ·· the World, rather than the nations of ited test ban treaty, n.el, U.S. Air Force. the world. They never refer to the This agreement, banning nuclear ex Edward C. Kline, commander, U.S. Navy. United States as a nation, but merely as plosions in the atmosphere, has been one of the states in this scheme. hailed around the world by those aware Mr. Chairman, the rest of the money Mr. GROSS. ·Yes. Everything you of the dangers to ourselves and our chil is being spent on what we are pleased, read in these documents put out by this dren of radioactive fallout. these days, to call research. Let me read Agency means world federalism; one It would be folly to see this treaty as to you from one of the pieces of litera world government. It means the de an end to the cold war. But, as our Pres ture that was developed through a con struction of our Constitution and sov ident has said, it can be a step in the tract let by the U.S. Arms Control and ereignty. right direction. · Disarmament Agency. The taxpayers of Another element of this insidious plan · The Arms Control and Disarmament this Nation, in the name of disarma would be the end of our concept of civil Agency was responsible for the careful ment, are being victimized into paying ian control of the military. How many advance planning of the U.S. Position on for this kind of propaganda: other members of the United Nations, the limited test ban agreement. Whether we admit it to ourselves or not we and there are more than 100 of them, Mr. BECKER. Mr. Chairman, will the benefit enormously from the capability of hold to this concept? Military dictator the Soviet police system to keep law and gentleman yield? order over their 200 million-odd Russians ships and military takeovers around the Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gentle and the many additional millions in the world are a dime a dozen these days. man from New York, briefly. satellite states. Yet those voting for this b111 are voting Mr. BECKER. Just for the sake of to promote a disarmament plan that In other words, the so-called Disarma obtaining information, I would like to would lodge what would be left of our get some additional information on this ment Agency is spending the taxpayers' military forces ii1 an organization, the money to hire people to tell us what a point. I do not want to criticize. I just United Nations, in which scores of na want to get some information. wonderful ·State Of affairs it is that the tions have become subservient to their Russian Communists· have a police sys Mr. ZABLOCKI; I yield for a ques military forces. tion. tem that is able to keep 200 million peo If we believe in freedom for ourselves ple in slavery. I ask you, do you think and the citizens we represent, how gul Mr. BECKER. The gentleman talks this is the way that you, representing lible can we be in voting for this bill and about one of the accomplishments of this the taxpayers, ought to be spending their the disarmament program that is being Disarmament Agency in respect to the . money-for this kind of propaganda? promoted? nuclear test ban treaty. I think the gen The Disarmament Agency also tells The CHAffiMAN. The time of the tleman mentioned that. Americans what they should be prepared gentleman from Iowa has expired. Mr. ZABLOCKI. I did. for.· You will find it in House Document Mr. MORGAN. · Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. BECKER. The question I want to No. 57. It is the three-stage disarma 10 minutes to the gentleman from Wis ask that comes to my mind, and I could ment plan. And after we are disarmed consin [Mr. ZABLOCKI]. , be wrong, is this: It is my understanding who takes over? Who polices us? Why Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Chairman, I rise that Mr. Foster and other members of the polyglot United Nations, of course. in support of S. 777, as amended in the the Disarmament Agency were in Geneva This illustration, to be found in House House Foreign Affairs Committee._ and were attempting to negotiate a test Document No. 57, tells better than As one of the original cosponsors of ban treaty with certain controls and in words what -this Disarmament Agency the legislation which established the spections and had been there for years. will get us into if it has its way. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Mr. ZABLOCKI. That is correct. Then·you can read in the speeches and I have watched its operations with inter Mr. BECKER. If the gentleman will statements made by Mr. Foster in·one of est over the past 2 years. Its success has yield further, then, suddenly, Mr. Khru these disarmament pamphlets - how in been gratifying. shchev notifies us that he would sign a 22514 CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD-. HOUSE November 20 test ban treaty and we sent Mr. Harri- But more than that, the Agency was troubled hearts and minds. We are trou man to Moscow. It is my understanding active in the development of the verifica bled not at the objectives of this legis that he negotiated the test ban treaty tion system which, in the la.st analysis, lation but we are troubled at the direc. with no controls and no inspections. made the test ban treaty possible. tion in which it sometimes seems to be Mr. ZABOOCKI. That is not true. For this treaty is not based on trust- leading us. - _ . Mr. BECKER. This is my under- we know better than to trust the Rus If Members will refresh their recollec standing, based upon what I have read. sians-but on technical devices that tions by a rereading of the purposes of I do not know where the Disarmament make possible the detection of any So the act as it is now written, they will Agency got into the negotiations on the viet cheating. find, I am sure, tnat it does not envisage nuclear test ban treaty. I just want to In this way the Arms Control and Dis- a situation in which our country denudes get it straight. . armament Agency not only contributes to itself of protective armament. Not for Mr. ZABLOCKI. The ACDA laid the the cause of peace we all avow, but also an instant would I say a word in support groundwork for the negotiation~. ' strengthens the security 9f our Nation. of this l~gislation if I felt it enqangered Harriman negot~ated the treaty, that · The Arms Control and Disarmament our national security. . is true. The gentleman is in error when Agency has conducted its activities on a Members should recall that during the he says there are no controls and no very limited budget. During its first debate on a predecessor measure 2 years inspections in the treaty. 2 years, it operated on an appropriation ago 'the point was made that we were Mr. BECKER. There is no inspection of $20 million, less than the cost of two giving form and substance to·an agency in it. That is what the Disarmament B-58 bombers. already in existence, with the ultimate Agency was arguing about all the time it The bill before us today increases the aim of giving greater congressional con was meeting tn Geneva. · appropriation to $3'0 million. There is trol over this agency and at the same Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, good reason· for this rise in expenditure. time assuring that we were not endan will the gentleman yield? Necessarily, the Agency's research pro- gering ourselves as a nation. l gram is growing. The first 2 years of Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to t b e gen t e- its operation were devoted to the develop Stat.ements have been made-improp man from New Jersey. er, unfortunate, unwar.ranted, and un Mr. GALLAGHER. I would like to re- ment of the basic principles upon which justified statements of the kind the gen fer to testimony in our hearings, page to base a sound and effective research tleman from Iowa just a few moments . th d to th program. ago quoted to us. In my opinion, these 164, by Mr. Foster wi regar e Now, however, more detailed research are by no means justified by the legisla question that the gentleman poses: , and analysis is required to provide the tion which is before us. When the apparent change in state of technical data necessary for sound mind was exhibited by Mr. Khrushchev in · t i t t This Agency was set up; Mr. Chairman, his July 2 speech which indicated the possi- U.S. negot1a ions n he arms con tol Members will recall, with the purpose of blllty of a negotiation of this present treaty, area. creating an organization which would we immediately again called a meeting -0! . The Agency must research, develop, study, which would prepare, which would the Committee 'of Principals. It was de- . test, ·and evaluate verification systems: be knowledgeable upon matters of inter- elded that Mr. Harr1man would be -sent to These systems are complicated and ex . national agreements, perhaps eventually Moscow as the representative of the Prest- pensive. This is particu1arly true when dent in view of his many contacts with Mr. the ACDA gets into the later stages leading to disarmament of reasonable Khl'ushchev, but the drawing up of the in- and safe degree, and always with safe structions, that part of th.e activity was at involving hardware research and field guards as to our national security. our initiation and. done by us, of course tests. For example, the largest research -It was the concept tha_t this Agency wlth cooperation again of the Committee of project programed for fiscal 1964 will should be prepared to advise both the Principals and finally with the President, involve $2,400,000 for Project Cloud Executive and the Congress ·u:Pon .ques and when the mission was selected, my dep- Gap-a field test of inspection proce uty, Mr. Fisher, was Mr. Harriman's deputy. dures. tions relating to arms control. The scientists who went were our scientists. Mr. -Chairman, the Arms Control and . I said a ~oment ago · that the legisla The Interpreter was our interpreter, the sec- t b h t tion which we enacted in September 1961 retarles were our secretaries, so that w~ made Disarmamen Agency has een t e ar- gave form and control to existing activ. up some 40 or 50 percent of the delegation get of much criticism during fts flrst 2 ity. It did just that. There was in the and in the drafting committee, Mr. Fisher years of operation. After studying these State Department prior -to that time an was the actual member of the drafting com- criticisms, the committee came to the organization which was studying· the mlttee that worked with the representativB conclusion that they were largely based of the Soviet Union in the final drafting of on erroneous information or rank prej- whole question of agreements leading to the treaty. udice. arms control. . Our legislative action formalized that Mr. BECKER. I think the gentleman One lesson we have learned since the organization. Let me remind Members has made my point. We signed an en- end of World War II is that peace does of another thing. '·When this· legislation tirely different .treaty than was nego- not come with the cessation of hostiU was before us previously, it was first des tiated by the Disarmamen't 'Agency at ties. Peace can only result from the ignated as the Disarmament Agency. As Geneva. I think the gentleman .. has conscious exertions of ·men of good will a result of action taken in this body, the made the point for me. around the world. words "Arms Control" were added to the Mr. GALLAGHER. I tried to make - The Arms Control and Disarmament title. In fact, we indicated we felt the point we would not be in any posi- Agency provides our Nation with an ef "Arms Control" was a better and a more tlon to negotiate a treaty were it not for fective instrument in the crusade· for descriptive name for the organization. the preliminary work going on at Geneva global peace. It provides us Fith a sym The proposal before us this year was prior to the change of mind of Mr. bol by which to show the world that first for. a continuing authorization. Khrushchev. our Nation sincerely is seeking an end Neither the otb,er body nor this body Mr. BECKER. I agree about the to world tensions. found it wise to give that continuing change in mind of Mr. Khrushchev on Can we then appropriate $50 billion authorization. To demonstrate the fact inspections that we fought for for years. for the armaments of war, and find $30 that we in the Congress felt the need of Mr. GALLAGHER. The fact is if it million too much to pay for an instru actively watching the performance of were not for the Disarmament Agency we ment of peace? this agency, we put a 2-year limitation would be in no position to negotiate any · · The answer is clear. We cannot re on it and that is the bill that is before treaty without jeopardizing our position. fuse this appropriation. Rather, we us today. Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Chairman, I must remain true to the legitimate as We are asked by the terms of the com concur with the gentleman from New pirations for peace which dwell in the mittee bill to authorize the appropria Jersey in what he has just said. The hearts of all true Americans. tion for a 2-year per~od of $30 milllon. Agency produced the first draft ·agree· Mrs. FRANCES P, · BOLTON. Mr. This is $10 million higher than was au ment which was taken by Governor Chairman, I yield 5 minutes~ the gen thorized by the other body. In my opin Harriman and his staff to Moscow. It tleman from Indiana [Mr. ADAIR]. ion, $30 million is_too much. It ought to supplied staff and backup information Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Chairman, as we be reduced~ And at the proper time I will for the negotiators. consider this bill today m~y of us have urge the reduction of this to a figure
I 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE, 22515 not greater than the $20 million for the Tolubko ·was quoted as taking issue with sembly welcomed the joint statement on 2 years already authorized by the other McNamara's remarks about America's sup agreed principles for disarmament nego posed nuclear supremacy. The Russian said: tiations reached by Presidential Adviser body. "I would once again like to recall a re Keep in mind the fact that for the mark by (Soviet) Defense Minister Marshal John J. lV!cCloy and Soyiet Deputy For first 2 years of the existence of this or Malinovsky that we will retaliate for the eign Minister Zorin. ganization, there was ·an authorization number of missiles threatening us with a On September 25, 1961, the President of $10 million which was sufficient to simultaneous salvo of several times the num delivered a message to the General As carry it for 2 years and, in fact, there ber of missiles, and by such powerful nu sembly of the United Nations stating is some of that $10 million unexpended clear explosions that they will really wipe off the United States program for general the face of the earth all the installations and and complete disarmament in a peaceful right now, which has been appropriated industrial and administrative centers of the in a bill which passed this House earlier United States of America, and completely world. On the following day he signed this year and is now languishing in the wipe out the countries that have allowed into law Public Law 87-297. other body. But for 2 years $10 million their soil to be used for American war At the committee hearing on August has been sufficient to carry out the activ bases." 24 the gentlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. ities of this organization. I see no rea Tolubko said McNamara's "boasts" were FRANCES P. BOLTON], the ranking minor son, my colleagues, why if $10 million can · meant for propaganda and to "soothe" the ity member of our committee, asked a American public and those in the West who carry it for the past 2 years, and not from "are learning ever more frequently about the question of John Mccloy, and I would a standing start but as an organization failures of American missile and nuclear like to quote it. already in being, then why should not rocket tests." .Do you find that there are many differing $10 million for each of the following 2 "'Meantime, the Western press, which can views as to disarmament? years be enough? I think we would be not be suspected of sympathy for the Soviet by no means justified in granting the ad Union, is printing more and more news about Mr. John Mccloy said: ditional amount of money which the the supremacy of Soviet nuclear missiles," Yes. There are many different views as to he said. "Just 11 days ago the British In disarmament. Committee on Foreign Affairs saw flt to stitute of Strategic Research again stressed put in this bill. · officially that Soviet intercontinental missiles Then the gentlewoman from Ohio In other words, Mr. Chairman, here is have more powerful engines and bigger war [Mrs. BOLTON] asked: a bill which we may vote for with certain heads than American missiles of the same Are you going to propose to draw all those misgivings, having in mind it is our type. The institute also admits the U.S.S~R.'s ideas together and work them out? supremacy in medium-range missiles." function and-our purpose most carefully Mr. Mccloy said: to· watch the activities of this agency. Tolubko claimed that Russian strategic missiles have no range restrictions and can That is right. But let us not drown the agency with too carry thermonuclear warheads of colossal much money. Let us keep it on a rea strength. He also claimed no limit to the Yet within 32 days after this state sonable financial basis and then dis destruct_ive power of these missiles. ment we find the President submitting charge our congressional responsibility The Russian general was quoted as saying to the United Nations the proposal on by watching carefully the course it takes that Russian nuclear charges and super complete and general disarmament in a in the ·future. Two years hence we may powerful rockets "are enough to destroy any peaceful world. So there could not have then again decide what our course of country with a few H-bombs." been any consultation by the agency action ought to be. Tolubko quoted unnamed "American spe cialists" as estimating that in case of war 263 with Members of Congress or with peo Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Chairman, 5-megaton bombs could wipe out 71 large ple with divergent views. will the gentleman yield? American cities and kill 53 million people. It is even more interesting to read a Mr. ADAIR. I yield to the gentleman. "We must say these estimates are based little bit about the proposed treaty which Mr. CEDERBERG. I think there is on fact," he said. would in three stages disarm the United not any question that the crying need of The Russian said Communist strategic mis States and other countries and place the siles can cross 6,000 miles in 30 to 35 minutes the world today is disarmament. As a and cannot be intercepted because they are .United Nations in such a position that matter of fact, I voted for the original independently controlled and are not linked it would have more arms, more men, and authorization because I felt maybe this with any grouhd radio devices. Tolubko more ability to control the destiny of the new administration had some new ideas concluded by saying: world. I say this because in the book in this field. However, by observing the "For the sake of all humanity and of prepared by the Arms Control and Dis Agency for some time, and I serve on the maintaining peace on this planet of ours, armament Agency, "Outlines of Basic appropriation subcommittee handling Mr. NcNamara and his colleagues would have Provisions of a Treaty on General and these funds, I am not convinced that we done better long ago to give up their atomic Complete Disarmament in fl, Peaceful in blackmail and threats against the Socialist World" they state very emphatically are making any more progress this. world, a policy promising nothing good for area even though we are spending more the aggressor." · · that the purpose of the treaty is to en money. The Russian Defense Ministry newspaper large the United Nations peacekeeping I thought it might be appropriate to Red Star accused McNamara of "boasting too organ to such an extent that no other read something from the UPI wire and much." nation, or state, as they refer to it, in tbe get this thing in perspective. I am "Would it not be better for him to hold world will have the power to resist. So, afraid we do not realize the kind of his tongue?" Red Star asked. "No one is as was said earlier as to the possibility enemy we are ·up against. I do not think frightened by the tnunder of such speeches." of this becoming a one world gov~rn there is any way that we could possibly Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. ment or one world organization, cer..: trust any agreement with the Soviet Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the dis tainly the blueprint is here. Communist bloc at any time at any place. tinguished gentleman - from Montana The original language in the Senate. We should be very careful and recognize· [Mr. BATTIN]. bill that is before us, S. 777. was changed their objective is our destruction and loss Mr. BATI'IN. Mr. Chairman, one in committee, and I would like at this of freedom. thing that might be interesting is to re- time to pay personal tribute to the gen This is the item that came over the ·view the events leading up to the passage· tleman from North Carolina [Mr. FouN UPI wires: of the original bill as it went through TAINl, who did yeoman work in 1961 to Moscow.-A top Russian missile general the House in 1961. The Senate commit write into the bill language that would has urged Defense Secretary McNamara and tee on August 14, 15, and 16 of 1961 held in fact save the integrity of the House. other U.S. officials "to give up their atomic hearings on the bill. On August 24, 25, Under the provisions that were sent over blackmail and threats against the Socialist and 28 and on: September 7, 1961, hear to us in S. 777, the bill before us today, world" or face the consequences, · Moscow ings were also held in the House Com the House of Representatives basically Radio said today. would have been cut out almost com It quoted Col. Gen. Vladimir Tolubko, first mittee on Foreign Affairs. The Senate assistant commander · of Soviet strategic passed the bill on September 8, 1961. On pletely from any possibility of having rocket forces as saying: September 19, 1961, the House passed anything more to say on this very vital "Anierican soil would become the theater the bill, and it then went to conference subject other than the authorization and of mmtary operations from .the very first on the 23d day of September 1961. But appropriation of money. I would ask the minute of any war imposed on us." on September 20 the United Nations As- chairman of this committee, if he does 22516 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-· HOUSE: November 20 not agree first of all that the basic put- For those who are interested in consti Mr. STINSON. Mr. Chairman, many pose of the act as it was passed into law tutional law, and I am sure most of us statements liave been made this, after in 1961 was that the ultimate goal of the are, we find that because our Constitu noon about various Members being for United States is a world which is free tion makes tre111-ties the supreme law of peace· and against war. I am sure that from the scourge of war and the dangers the land, we are faced with the question we can all agree on that. J: certainly and burdens of armaments; in wllich the of whether or not, first, the Congress am in favor of this philosophy. But the use of force has.been subordinated to the· shall have the power to provide for the type of peace I think most of us are in rule of law; and in which international common defense of this country; be favor of, is the old-fashioned American adjustments to a changing world are cause we would be eliminating our arms kind which is peace coupled with free achieved peacefully. It is the purpose of and leaving ourselves in an indefensible dom and not the brandnew Communist this act to provide impetus toward this position. Second, the President is Com kind of peace which results in the com goal by creating a new agency of peace to mander in Chief of the Army and the plete and total cessation of opposition to deal with the problem of reduction and Navy, but if we do not have an Army the onslaught of world communism. control of armaments looking toward and a Navy he has nothing to command. Now, Mr. Chairman, I cannot think of ultimate world disarmament. Third, certainly the Congress has the a single major .nation in recent history Arms control and disarmament policy, power to declare war. But here again, that has disarmed which has not found being an important aspect of foreign by building up the U.N., which is the itself involved in a war. It seems that as policy, must be consistent with national stated purpose under the treaty, to the soon as any major nation disarms, there security policy as a whole. The formula- point where no nation could resist it, it is always an aggressor around which will tion and implementation of U.S. arms raises large questions, at least in my take the offensive against the nation control and disarmament policy in a mind. Fourth. it raises the very con and involve it in some kind of confiict. manner which will promote the national troversial question whether or not our Mr. Chairman, actually, it would seem security can best be insured by a central judicial powers in the United States to me, if we used recent history as an organization charged by statute with pri- should remain in the Supreme Court or example, that disarmament or arms con mary regponsibility for this field. This whether they should be turned over to trol can actually result in wai:. organization must ·have such a position an International Court of Justice. I Two good examples of this are in the within the Government that it can pro- would say again, referring to the report period before World War Il when the vide the President, the Secretary of State, filed by the agency, that the Interna allies disarmed and found themselves other officials of the executive branch, tional Disarmament Organization would attacked by Nazi Germany. and the Congress with recommendations have tremendous power-and this is the Then, after World War II the United concerning U.S. arms control and · dis- first time this comes into view States disarmed and found itself involved armament policy, and can assess the The International Disarmament Organiza in the Korean confiict. effect of these recommendations upon tion, being established within the fraµiework Someday I hope that Socialist aggres our foreign policies, our national security of the United Nations, would conduct its sions which have plagued the world will policies, and our economy. activities in accordance with the purposes be eliminated. Then perhaps it will be Does not the gentleman feel that, with and principles of the United Nations. safe to disarm. At the present time I this language and with the limitation We are faced again with the basic believe that the best way to keep the provided in section 33, we cannot do concept of what our country, as a sov peace which we all want so badly is for anything as far as reducing arms and ereign power, is supposed to do. As was the United States. -to remain so strong armament of the United States without said here earlier there is not a soul in that no aggressor will dare to attack us. a treaty or further legislative action of this body who advocates that we go to · Mr. Chairman, I would like to analyze the Congress; that the Agency should war. Yet because of the votes here in what I believe is a very important docu counsel with the House and senate if the last 3 years on defense we will do ment. It is called the blueprint for the they e:xpect to find a sympathetic 4view. whatever is necessary to defend the peace race. This document is an out for their gigantic proposals? United States ind have a force big line as to how the United States should Mr. MORGAN. Section 33 .was added · enough to protect us and to keep the propose tO disarm. This is an ofiicial on the ftoor of the House 2 years ago, peace of the world. document of the U.S . .Arins Control and and it requires that an agreement must Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Disarmament Agency. It was released be ratifled b7 the Senate as a treaty or 3 minutes to the gentleman from New in May 1962, several months after the by a majoritJ of both Houses of the Con- Jersey [Mr. JOELSON]. Agency was started. gress. Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Chairman, we I would c~ll your attention, first, to The Arms Control Agency recognizes voted, I believe, at this session almost the foreword of this document, about that it is dependent on the Congress and $50 billion for military hardware. Even halfway down the page, where it says: is ready to consult with the Congress. when you say that fast, it is still 50,000 President Kennedy on September 25, 1961, They have a very good congressional millions of dollars. presented. to the General A,sembly of the United Nations the "United States Program liaison man and I am sure that he will Now, Mr. Chairman, today we are con for . General and Complete Disarmament in be glad to arrange consultation with any sidering whether we will spend $20 or a Peaceful World." To provide a more pre Member whenever a Member has a ques- $30 million over a 2-year period, as the cise statement of the United States approach tion. case may be, to explore paths toward the to disarmament and the manner in which Mr. BATTIN. I thank the gent1eman. halting of the expensive and potentially that approach should be .implemented, the I should like to say to the Members, that dangerous arms race. United States on April ·19, 1962, presented if they have the opportunity they should Mr. Chair.man; the path to peace is a to the conference of the ·· 18-nation Com mittee on Disarmament, meeting in Geneva, read the report to Congress submitted by very difficult and rocky path. I do not an "Outline of Basic Provisions of a Treaty the Arms Control and Disarmament charge any Member of this House, nor on General and Complete Disarmament in a Agency. It is a document of the Arms even intimate that any Member of this Peaceful World." Although not a draft control and Disarmament Agency and it House would ~ot be for peace. But you treaty, the "Outline" elaborates and extends is their report to the Congress, their will not obtain peace without exploring the proposals of September and provides in Second Annual Report from January every honorable means consistent with specific terms a substantial basis for the negotiation of arms control and disarma- 1, to December 31, 1962, and reads in. our national security ment treaty obligations. - part, as follows: Mr. Chairman, w~ have obtained .re- The two basic general disarmament pro- th' Its This document describes three stages posals considered by the Geneva Conference sults from is Agency, modest resu , of disarmament, made up of three 3-year have been the u.s. "Outline of Basic Prov!- but at least meaningful results. periods. On page 'l it goes into a de sions of a Treaty on General and Complete Mr. Chairman, I certainly have no scription of stage I, and I would like to Disarmament in a Peaceful World" and the hesitancy at all in supporting the legis call to the attention of the Members that Soviet Union's "Treaty on General and Com· lation under consideration. possibly we are into stage I .already. I plete Disarmament Under Strict Interna- Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. will give you some examples of why I tiona.1 Control." - Chairinan, I yield 8 minutes to the dis- raise this possibility. I might also add Our proPosal was made in Geneva to tinguished gentleman from Washington that I have not heard of any similar the 18 Nation Disarmament Conference. CMr. STINSON]. program being put forth by the Russians. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 22517 The paragraph entitled "Reduction of Mr. Kennedy's speech of September 1961 allow the people to perform their job Arma.m.ents," provides for various-weap outlining this plan of disarmament, not adequately. ons to be reduced. It reads: one single new weapons system has been The difference involved 1n the amount ( 1) Armed combat aircraft having an developed and placed into inventory. of meney we are seeking here today is for empty weight of 40,000 kilograms or greater; Mr. ·MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield' the- basic research contracts that are missiles having a range of 5,000 kilometers 8 minutes to the gentleman from New outlined on pages 19 to 21 he-re. This is or greater, together With theil' :related ftXed Jersey [Mr. GALLAGHER]. the difference in what will happen if the launching pads~ and submarine-launched Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, I amount of money is cut out. I wish all missiles and air-to-surface mi&siles having Members before they vote on the bill will a range of 300 kilometers or greater. - listened with great Interest to the last gentleman who said that we are in stage review that which will be eliminated Mr. Chairman, we have now cut back I of the disarming process. He gave us from this program if we do drastically on the RS--70 program and reduced this his reasons. I think he left out the fact cut out this amount of money. program. to only three prototypes. that we no longer make the B-29's or Basically, what it does is preclude us We have stopped production o! the the B-24's, or the B-l 7's, or the. Spads of from extending our competency in the B-58 bomber. We are also retiring the World War I, the Enfield ri1le, and that field of intelligence and research. It af B-52 bomber 2 or 3 years ahead of we no longer wear triangular hats going fects us in those areas where we, can sit schedule. Also the Skybolt missile pro into battle. The fact that we find some down with certain knowledge and tell gram has been eliminated. The RS-70, of our weaPons are obsolete is not in the Russians we can go this far, or know the B-58, and the Skybolt cannot be dicative of itself that we are disarming. with certainty whether we can accept_ the considered as obsolete. This "blueprint for the peace raee" that proposals which they submit. I might Perhaps these are examples of dis the gentleman referred to is not a pro say that on the blueprint for peace the armament. I read the next paragraph: PoSed treaty that was submitted.· It was Soviet Union on many occasi-Ons at the (2) Armed combat aircraft having an an outline of those proPosals that would conference submitted its plan for total empty weight of between 15,000 kilograms have to be met before the United States disarmament. We have rejected it be and 40,000 kilograms and those missiles not could consider disarming in any phase. cause it does not go about it with the included. in. category (1) having a range be It is not a question of unilateral dis degree of security that is necessary to tween 300 kilometers and 5,000 kilometers, arming, as the gentleman would have us the United States engaging in any ne together with any related :fixed launching gotiations. pads. believe. On the contrary, it sets forth to all those people who are interested the I heard it said here this morning that Perhaps the early retirement of the fact that the United States is prepared we ought to go along with the Senate's B-47 aircraft is an example of this cate to seek peace if the Soviets are prepared proposal, which is for $10 million, in gory. We can add the Jupiter and Thor to meet the terms that we outline in this stead of the House version, which is for missiles that were taken out of their blueprint for peace. So that there is $15 million. I see no reason at all why sites 1n Turkey and Italy 7 months after great misunderstanding about this whole we should accept the other body's guid they were installed. matter. ance in this field, since your committee Continuing on: r served at the Disarmament Confer did far more extensive work in the matter (5) Anti-missile missile systems, together ence last summer along with the gentle ·before Chairman MORGAN presented this with related fixed launching pads. man from Oregon [Mr-. NoRBLAD]. I can bm to the committee here this morning. I wotiid direct your attention to the say and report to this House that this - ' The Senate had 1 day of hearings. fact that the Nike-Zeus missile has been agency is doing an outstanding job with The House Committee on Foreign Af very materially delayed 1n development. the weapons at their command, and that fairs had 10 days of complete hearings. It is becoming more doubtful every day any treaty that is brought about will be We not only had the witnesses from the whether it is going to :Hy. brought about only if it ls done through Agency, but we had Mr. McCone. o! the Now, I would like to call attention to competency or knowledge that we ac CIA, and people from the Department of page 11. This paragraph refers to the quire through research or which we ac Defense and we had all of the people production of im>ionable materials for quire through our own efforts. who are interested in this ftnport.ant field. nuclear wee.pons.. I understand our I heard my colleague from Iowa say, So this bill comes before the Commit plants that manufacture nuclear weap "Let us not trust the Russians." I agree. tee of the Whole House today not on the ons are going to be reduced by half. I have heard several of the speakers here basis: of' the Senate hearings, but on the today say, "Let us not trust the Rus basis of the long ·and tedious hearings On page 12-"Nuclear weapons test ex that were held by the Committee on For plosions"-as Mr. Foster says, the nu_ ·st'ans." I agree with this. But I do feel that we should trust ourselves. I think eign Affairs of the House of Represent clear test ban treaty has already been atives. I see my distinguished colleague, accomplished. that history and our experience will prove to all of us that ft is impossible to the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GROSS] Let me go now to page 13, "Prohibition trust the Communists, so if we-go on that here. He said the control of enemy of weapons of mass destruction in orbit." supposition, let us proceed to the next. arms could be done by the Pentagon. I would Point out to the chairman of the How are we going to bring about a suc The Pentagon cannot control the enemy committee this has been accomplished cessful search for peace if we do not arms unless we are engaged in war. in that an agreement was recently possess the knowledge and the compe What we are trying to do is to prevent reached In the U.N. that provided that we tency to bring this about? r think the war, but to do that without jeopardizing would not orbit nuclear weaPons in only way we can do this is by trusting the security of the United States. The space. This particular action was agreed ourselves. We did not trust the Russians control of the enemy arms can only come to at the United Nations by the U.S. when we entered into the test ban about at the negotiating table. 1 think Government without any consent_ of the treaty but we were prepared to enter we owe it to ourselves and we owe it to Senate or the House~ into the test ban. tl'eaty as a result of the world to proceed with knowledge and Then, paragraph No. 2 concerns the technical proficiency that has been "Peaceful cooperation in space." This with competence to find out if we can brought about by this country through bring about a disarmament agreement. would involve the program that the the Arms Control and Disarmament President has proposed in encouraging I want to say there is no one in this Agency. So today it ought not to be a room today who thinks this is; going to Russia to accompany us to the _moon. matter of trust, it ought to be a matt.er On page 15 is a paragraph that dis o! our own competency in this very tech be brought about immediately or in the cusses the "hot line" between heads of nical field. next 5 years or in the next 10 years or government. As we have already dis I heard the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. in the next 20 years. cussed, this has been accomplished. GROSS] say he would like to cut this fig But if we owe anything to our children, . To go back to page 2, the :first para ure down to $1 million. If you want to we owe them this. We ought to try to graph,_ "Military research, development, be against the program, it is certainly do this, but in trying to achieve this goal and testing would be subject to- in one's right to discuss whether or not this we cannot jeopardize the security of the creasing limitations during the disarma whole program should he abandoned. United States. It cannot. be done by ment process." I would point out to On the other hand, if we should retain going in with a group of nice :fellows who the Member~ of the House that since this program, than r think we ought to sit d-own around the table and say, "Well, 22518 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE- November 20 what are we going to do about disarm mament policy has not been restricted to On September 19 of this year, the ing?" We must go in with knowledge the hot line and test ban. This is true Soviet Union suddenly indicated a de and with competency and with technical ev~n though the Agency is only 2 years sire to agree to our longstanding policy efficiency and superiority so that we can old and its first research contract was of restricting the use of outer space to evaluate what we are proposing and so entered into on February 6, 1962. Ac peaceful purposes. The Sylvania con that we can also properly evaluate what cording to the Agency, it usually takes tract study was of assistance in arriving we are going to do if the Soviet Union 12 months or more to complete major at the determination to support the re should make some new propooals. research contracts. cent U.N. resolution rather than a bind Mr. STINSON. Mr. Chairman, will The committee was provided with a ing agreement banning bombs in orbit. the gentleman yield? number of examples of studies that have The Soviet Union also indicated an Mr. GALLAGHER. I yield to the relevance to current and anticipated ne interest recently in the possibility of gentleman. gotiating needs. They all involve prob reaching agreement on establishing ob Mr. STINSON. Can the gentleman lems which must be resolved if arms con servation posts at specified ports, a.nd give me one example of where a country trol and disarmament are tootler a safe highway and rail centers. This was has prevented a war by disarming? route to· advancing the national secu proposed by the United States some time Mr. GALLAGHER. What I am try rity. ago as a measure to promote confidence ing to do is to present the gentleman The problems of verification and con and to reduce the risk of surprise attack with the situation that has developed in trol are central to the achievement of by detecting, in advance, suspicious mil our lifetime where we must attempt to arms control and disarmament objec itary movements and maneuvers of a find a way to disarm without incinerat tives. Accordingly, the Agency has tactical nature. Such an agreement ing the world as we know it today. placed greatest emphasis on developing could lead to changes in Soviet attitudes Mr. STINSON. But the gentleman acceptable approaches to these prob that might pave the way for future on cannot give me an example? lems. During fiscal year 1962, · more site inspection arrangements. It has Mr. GALLAGHER. Yes, I can give than nine-tenths of the Agency's con been the subject of research by Agency you an .example. The example is the tract etlort was concerned with this area personnel and ties in wlth an Agency United States-if 100 years from now we of research. There were contract re contract on "Verification for Retained still exist, it is because we have found a search studies, for example, on the prob Levels of Ground Forces, Armament, and means to live in peace honorably and lems of verifying limitations on levels Tactical Nuclear Delivery Vehicles." with security. of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. These are just a few examples of pre Mr. STINSON. I hope there is no Such limitations pose a central issue of vious research contracts and grants. doubt in anybody's mind but that we will arms control and disarmament negotia The proposed fiscal year 1964 research still be in existence. tions. The Agency adopted a twofold program represents a maturing etlort Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, approach: First, through a contract and is even more essential to sound arms prior to the creation of the Arms Control with the Bendix Corp., research was cpntrol and disarmament policy formu and Disarmament Agency, what little conducted to identify elements of stra lation than past research. Out of the research was done in this highly special tegic weapons systems which would be $15 million budget request for the next ized field was done on a spasmodic, part most susceptible of control and verifica fiscal year, the Agency plans to allo time basis by agencies whose primary tion, and to design specific monitoring cate $11 million, or almost three-fourths concerns lay in other directions. The techniques. Second, through a contract of the total budget, to research. I be need for coordinated research under a with a separate group of researchers in lieve· that the committee's recommended centralized authority was· recognized by the same organization, an etlort was authorization of $30 million total for the witnesses who appeared before the For made to determine the type and sig next 2 fiscal years represents a small eign Atlairs Committee when we consid nificance of violations that might con investment in the only Agency in Gov ered the bill to create the Agency in 1961. ceivably take place under an arrange ernment exclusively dedicated to develop Among those supporting the creation of ment limiting levels of long-range mis ing safeguarded alternatives to the arms the Agency were President Kennedy and siles and bomber aircraft. race. This amount would ·cover both former President Eisenhower; two for As a genera.I principle, the United . fiscal years 1964 and 1965 and if half of mer Secretaries of Defense, Thomas S. States has advanced the concept of pro it is used for the current fiscal year, it Gates, Jr., and Robert A. Lovett; a for gressive inspection. This means that would amount to less than two one mer and the current Secretaries of State, the extent of inspection should be re hundredths of 1 percent of the annual Christian A. Herter and Dean Rusk; lated to the amount of disarmament un budget. This is a small amount for a Deputy Secretary of Defense, Roswell L. dertaken and the degree of risk which field so important to our national . Gilpatric; former Director of Defense possible violations might present. security. Research and Engineering, Dr. Herbert During fiscal year 1962, two contract As the President said in his Septem York; Atomic Energy Commissioner, Le research eiforts were devoted to these ber 20 address to the United Nations: land J. Haworth; two former and the broader aspects of the verification prob There can be no doubt about the agenda current U.S. Ambassadors to the United lem. Under a contract with the Ray of further steps. We must continue to seek Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge, James J. theon Co., the concept of progressive in agreement on measures which prevent war Wadsworth, and Adlai Stevenson; for spection by zones was subjected to de by accident or miscalculation. mer Supreme Allied Commander in We must continue to seek agreement on tailed examination. safeguards against surprise attack, including Europe, Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther; and Additional consideration of aspects of observation posts at key points. We must the then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs the broad concept of progressive inspec continue to seek agreement on further meas of Sta.fr, Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer. tion was assigned to a summer study ures to curb the nuclear arms race, by ·con During the course of the authoriza sponsored by the Agency under a con trolUng the transfer of nuclear weapons·, con tion hearings this year, top officials from tract with the Iristitute for Defense verting fissionable materials to peaceful pur other Government agencies such as the poses, and banning underground testing with Analyses. Twenty-five scholars from the adequate inspection and enforcement. We Department of Defense, the Atomic En physical sciences, the social sciences, and ergy Commission, and the National Aer must continue to seek agreement on a freer the law were called on to participate in flow o! in!onnation and people from East onautics and Space Agency appeared be this examination of verification pro to West and West to East. fore the Foreign Atlairs Committee. cedures. The study focused attention on They testified that there is no duplica a_new approach under which access for And again he said: · tion of research conducted by the Arms in The contest will continue-the contest be Control and Disarmament Agency in this inspection would increase gradual tween those who see a monolithic world and field. They supported the work of the steps as disarmament progresses. those who believe in diversity-but it should Agency and pointed out that it made A fiscal year 1963 contract with Syl be a contest in leadership and. responsibility vania Electronic systems included an instead of destruction, a contest in achieve important contributions to both the hot ment instead o! intimidation. Speaking for line agreement and the limited test ban analysis of the problems associated with the United States of America, I welcome such treaty. the possible emergence of nuclear deliv. a. contest. For we believe that truth is The utility of Agency research in the ery systems in space orbit and the moni stronger than error-and that freedom is formulation of arms control and disar- toring of a ban on such systems. more enduring than. coercion. 1963· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ..,;_ ~ HOUSE- 22519 Mr. Chairman, the Arms Control and in the Disarmament Agency is a bunch pendent agency as it was d'esigned to be. Disarmament Agency is playing an inte of people who an day long noo at each It- is housed in the State Department gral role in achieving this goal. other and compliment each other· on with the Secretary of State and all the Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON: Mr. their ideas and cornpDment the Directo1" Assistant Secretaries. of State hovering Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the on his suave:neS& and capability. What over it day and night. It depends on the distinguished gentleman from California has to be done is to have thiS research State Department for logistics support. [Mr. HOSMER]. put out in the universities and other :re All of this is bound to influence its inde Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, there search Institutions of this- country where pendent thinking. seems to be in the public mind at least you can get a variety of thinking and get Another amendment that I shall off er some miscalculation relative to the ex arguments on both sides- of these issues will take it out from under the hovering tent and the capabilities of the Disarma and end up with. the ultimate: truth. wings of the state Department, put it in ment Agency to perform certain :func The only way we will do this is to get this a separate building,. give it logistic sup tions. We heard a lot about instant research contracted out. It Is still not port through GSA and ha.ve it· operate in peace when this Agency was first cre going to be contraeted out wisely unless independent fashion as it sh011ldr I do ated-not in just those particular words Congress stays on top of the man who not think that is a. very wild notion. but in the implications that an we needed runs the Disarmament Agency and sees The CHAIRMAN. The time of the was to buy this Agency-and we thereby that he himself does not pass out those gentleman from cali:fornia CMr. Hos btlY' peace. What thfs Agency can do contracts just to those people wh-o will :MER J has expired. is-limited and what it should do is lim compliment-him and agree with his: own Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. ited. What it should do is- not only to thinking-, but that jab is manageable. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that initiate itself but to find out what ideas The job of hiring a. lot. of like-minded the gentleman from California CMr. DON exist that might help to reduce the risk people, putting them on civil service and H. CLAUSEN] may extend his remarks at of the world in which we live. We do, then trying to get rid of them is not this point in the REeORu. in fact, live in a very risky world. It manageable with respect ta the diverse · The· CHAIRMAN. Is there objection is not an easy job to take such an idea type and quality of thinking which to the request of the gentlewoman from and calcul'ate that, after we have adopt should be done in this Agency. Ohio? ed it, that ou17' world is less risky than There is another very serious defect There was no objection. it was before. Many of these proposals, in the la:w that is on the boak5 now. Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Chair all good intentions in the world notwith That is, it authorizes the Administrator man, I rise to compliment the gentleman standing, would leave us with a riskier of the Agency to be sent out to the nego from California CMr. HosMEal for his world than before they were adopted. tiating tables ~ Under the act the Ad forthright and provocative statement So the basic purpose of the Disarma ministrator is suppased to be directing a here this afternoon. I am inclined to ment Agency f's that of analyzing, that top group of thinkers who are coming think his comments are the most-realistic of evaluation, that of discovering- pit up with shrewd and logical conclusions. of all remarks heard during this de falls that may exist, and by that means If you put him in the position of going bate and I wish to associate myself with to assist us toward a more stable, a more out over- the negotiating table, and hav them. peaceful world. ing._ in the give and take of negotiations, The· problem of arms contror is indeed The Disarmament Agency Act does to take positions that are illogical with extremely complex. It places· a demand not emciently permit the Disarmament respect to the research work .that is be on the finest minds in this country-I Agency to carry out that function. ing done, then in order to acc6mmodate am not convinced that people with these There are defects in the act. I have the Administrator's position at the nego talents would permit themselves to be tiating table, the research has to· be plaeed in an Agency that could conceiv introduced legislation which r reel would and eliminate many of those defects. It is compromised. it. is no longer un ably restrict their recommendations. still sitting in committee. So I am going biased research. It becomes no more Therefore, I concur in the recommenda to try to 01.fer amendments to this bill than a brief Writing chore to suppoit tion to contract with our colleges in the public position that has been taken thls · important field-it is worthy of today to get those corrective measures at the negotiating table, even though on the law books. serious thought and consideration. l that- position is a v:ery wtong one. The understand the gentleman from Cali I think one of the most glaring de negotiating duties of the Administrator ficiencies in the Disarmament Agency fornia CMr. HOSMER} will ofter amend ought to be cut out and I will propose an ments to- the bill that will carry forth Act is the fact that the semantics of its amendment ro do thi& very thing. name are wrong. This Agency cannot this objective. I will vote-for the amend One of the amendments that is already ments; if these amendments carry, I will at this point, nor can it a.ta~ foresee in-and it is a very, very important one- able point in time, do any real work support the bill-if not, I will oppose the is to prevent this Agency from spending bill. on disarming this country or the rest Government money to propagandize the of the world. The best that it can do Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Americ~n people. This Agency, as a is to work on some arms control meas such time as he may require to the gen ures. Yet we caII it a Disarmament matter of fact, is supposed to act as an tleman from California [Mr. CoHELAN]. Agency-an unrealistic title describing adviser to the President, an adviser to the Mr. COHELAN. Ml"'. Chairman, as duties that it cannot accomplish. One State Department, an adviser to the one of the sponsors of the bill creating of the first things r would like to do is agencies of the Government designated the U.S. Arms Control and Disarma to change the tit1e of the Agency or the by the President. It gives its advice to ment Agency 2- years ago, I .rise in sup name of the Agency from the Disarma them and if they do not take it, as things port of this legislation which is essential ment Agency to a more relevant title, now are it can go to the Treasury and if the Agency is to continue its vital get public funEls to propagandize the work. the "Arms Control Agency." public to put pressure on the other agen The nex.t thing I would like to see As its vecy able and distinguished Di done, and I will o:trer amendments to do cies to get them to accede to the Dis rector, Mr. William C. Foster, has so, is to keep this Agency from building armament Agency's ideas. What logic is pointed out in his second annual report up a great big staff for research. Why there in letting that sort of thing hap to Congress, this Agency was brought would I like to do that? We all know pen? The other agencies of the Govern into existence in the belief that· arms that in any agency of the Government it ment. and most. other departments are control and disarmament measures; can is only the most exceptional administra operating unde:r a prohibition against be acceptable alternatives to a continued tor, who probably has not been born yet, spending public funds· for propagandiz arms buildup, and that these alterna who is going to hire very many people ing the American people. Certainly, if tives in no way jeopardize this Nation's who will argue with him. We know that there is viFtue and if there is wisdom and security interests. argument and punching holes in these if there is good in what the Disarmament The time for evaiuatiE>n has been brief. schemes is the very essence of the Dis Agency has to offer, it does. not have to Only a little- over 2 years has elapsed. armament Agency"s or the Arms Control take public dollars· to propag_andize it to But already the nhot line" agreement Agency's duties:. All you are going to the public~ and the limited test ban treat~both end up with over a period of a few years Another problem that. -th rs Agency is steps largely formulated and! caITied out in a research staJf-in-hou-se research- su1fering iS- that it really is not an inde- by ACDA-have, when combined with ' 22520 ~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~ - HOUSE November-20 our continued military preparedness and with the $1.67 million remaining under ited test ban treaty-by onsite inspec vigilance, proven the wisdom and sound its original authoriza~ion ceiling. ·It tion, or by other means. Most of the ness of this belief. should also be obvious that the research research to be ·conducted by ACDA in The fact of the matter is, Mr. Chair essential for successful program devel this fl.seal year is directed toward ~n man, that today's world is not only di opment will be crippled unless the full swering questions of this kind. This is vided by ideology, it is endangered by amount approved by the committee is certainly essential to our security. an arms race involving weapons of such provided. Mr. Foster stated the case It is true that the Agency's research mass destruction that their explosion quite clearly to the committee when he program is more extensive than last year could virtually end civilization as we said, in commenting on the reductions but this is to be expected. Now that know it. In such a world, balanced, made by the other body: needs have been identified and evaluated, phased, and fully safeguarded control A cut of this magnitude in our research ~ore detailed research is necessary. The of arms cannot only help to insure the program would require us to reduce sub increases in the needs of the Agency can maintenance of our national security, stantially some high priority projects. It be explained in large part by the in but can actually enhance it. The~e is would also require us to eliminate other creases in the costs of research as it no contradiction between the aim of projects which are important for a compre progresses through four typical steps: achieving peace ·through such measures hensive, coordinated program. First, identi:ftcation of possible tech and the national determination to main Mr. Chairman, $30 million over a 2- niques of detecting cheating; second, de tain the defense of our vital interests as year period is certainly a small price to sign of a detection system using these progress on arms limitation is sought. pay for efforts which can lead to a more techniques; third, design of a model or There is a natural tendency, of course, peaceful and stable world. It is a price, other method for testing the system; to conceive of national security as pro furthermore, which must be paid, for and, fourth, conduct of a field test of the moted only by a maximization of arms, arms reduction and control are social, model or other method. Each successive and disarmament-even mutual disar economic, and moral imperatives in a step is ordinarily more expensive. How mament-as contrary to national securi world fraught with tensions and an un ever, every effort must be made to in ty interests. To advocate disarmament easy peace. vestigate all proposals thoroughly be becomes equivalent to advocating weak Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I fore they are negotiated. Any other ness. yield such time as he may require to the course of action would be rash indeed. But this attitude does not adequately gentleman from New York [Mr. RosEN The Arms Control and Disarmament reflect the realities of present day arma THALl. Agency was created by Congress to ful ments. It does not recognize the dedf:. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Chairman, fill a need that was not being met. cation to national security of those who earlier this year I introduced H.R. 5061 Countless Government officials testified believe that some means more realistic to increase the authorization for appro in 1961 that a centralized agency than the threat of mutual annihilation priations for the Arms Control and Dis specifically devoted to pursuing arms may be found to promote such security. armament Agency. The bill provided control and disarmament objectives was And it does not recognize the fact that for an open end authorization, which I necessary and that proper attention to a continuing escalation of weapons, of thought would be appropriate for an these important matters could not· be counterweapons, and of counter-counter Agency with such a long-term objective given by other agencies whose primary weapons, is scarcely a gain in national or as arms control and disarmament. interests lay in other directions. In international security. Seeking alternatives to the arms race in deed, Congress stated in the Arms Con In the short period since 1945, there order to enhance our security and pro trol and Disarmament Act that "the have been approximately 30 limited mil mote lasting peace will require many formulation and implementation of U.S. itary conflicts, several of which could years of effort. arms control and disarmament policy in easily have resulted in the devastation · Both the Senate and the House For a manner which will promote the na and holocaust of nuclear war. Today we eign Affairs Committee rejected an in tional security can best be insured by a are faced with explosive situations definite authorization for appropriations central organization charged by statute around the world-in South Vietnam and ·and recommended a 2-year authoriza with primary responsibility for this Berlin, in particular. The need is cer tion instead. The House committee rec field." tainly as great now as it was in 1961 ommended $30 million for the 2-year If the Agency is going to carry out this for an organization which can insure the span of fl.seal 1964 and 1965. responsibility, it must have our support. constant and full-time application of It is my firm conviction that it would The sum of $30 million for 2 years is U.S. resources toward reducing the dan jeopardize our security should this au modest for such an important purpose gers of war; which can give our disarma thorization be reduced further. Almost peace with security. We would be ment negotiators previously lacking three-quarters of the funds requested derelict in our duty if we did not support continuity of direction; and which can would be spent on contract research. this authorization. administer the political and scientific re The purpose of this research is to pro Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield search necessary for developing sound tect our security by preparing us prop -such time as he may require to the gen national security policies on arms con erly for arms control and disarmament tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KASTEN trol and disarmament. negotiations. MEIER]. I would like to add briefly, that I am Negotiations of this kind will inevi Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Chairman, delighted the Agency has taken cog tably continue in the future as they have I rise in support of the committee bill. nizance of the importance of the eco in the past. During this past year, ne Some 2 years ago, a number of us worked nomic factors related to disarmament; gotiations for which the Agency was in for and supported the bill creating the that they have .recognized the United large part responsible produced agree Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. States cannot repose blind faith in the ment on a "hot line" to Moscow, a nu We did so because of our deep conviction unaided ability of the American econ clear test ban, and a U.N; resolution call that there was no longer an alternative omy to adjust smoothly to disarmament ing upon all countries to refrain from to peace. This conviction was evidently and at the same time satisfy neglecteortant missile tlights, ·and preventing the spread heavily armed balance of power or some hand in the United. Nations resolution, Qf nuclear weapons into outer spa.Ce. thing of thattype. ·-· · 22522 CONGRESSIONAL'. RECORD - HOUSE November 20 So, Mr. Chairman, realistically look consume to the distinguished gentleman to perish. This tYJ)e of thinking is un ing at this "blueprint f-0r peace," Which from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGEL], worthy of our credence. . came originally from the Eisenhower Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Chairman, I Despite these obstacles, the Ar.ms Con nonstatutory Agency, it does _not recom rise in support of this legislation. trol and Disarmament .Agency has, as mend that these things take place, but Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that the Foreign Affairs Committee report merely says these are the things ·that all this debate about whether or ·not the stated, "given a falr account of itself would have to take place if .you were Arms Control and Disarmament Agency since it began operations in September going to have worldwide disarmament. should receive the compara-tive pittance 1961." During the past year, negotia Mr. Chairman, I may say to the mem of $15 million a year for 2 years fails to tions for which the Agency was in large bers of the committee that I am an ad take an important point into considera part responsible produced agreement on vocate of world peace. I .am not ·an tion. a "hot line" to Moscow, a limited nuclear advocate of world disarmament without Mr. Chairman; the R'ECORD shows that test ·ban, and a U.N. resolution calling adequate secw·ity for our Nation and in 1961 we passed the act creating the upon all countries to refrain from or never have been. I was the original in Ag'ency by a vote of 290 to 54. We biting nuclear weapons. These are all troducer of legislation. creating this should remember that in section 2 of very limited measures' but, hopefully, Agency. I called. it a "Peaee" Agency." that act we stated its purpose as follows: they could lead to more meaningful agreements. · - I did not call it a Disarmament Agency. An ultimate goal of the United States ls a Looking at armaments only is to look at world which is free from the scourge of war It seems to me that if we want to the symptoms and not at the causes. and the dangers and burdens· of armaments; demonstrate the sincerity of our oft-re This Agency is to discover and ·find out in which the use of force has been subordi peated convictions -so that real progress and report what can be found oat in nated to the rule of law; and in which inter can be made toward our stated goals, we regard t.o eliminating war in our time, national ad)ustments to a changing world are should give this new agency. for peace the if it can be done. achieved peacefully. It is the _purpose of this support and encouragement it needs. act to _provide impetus . to.ward this goal by Fifteen million dollars a year tor ,each Mr. . Cllairman, the Disarmament c;reating a new agency of peace to deal with Agency has done something in this re the prol:>lem of reduction and control of of the next 2 years is modest indeed for search by the "blueprint for disarma~ armaments looking toward ultimate world a task.so important to our national secu ment," by showing the almost impossib~e disl),l'mament. rity. The Foreign Affairs Committee, objective that would hav.e to be achieved after extensive hearings, was convinced in order for us t.o have worldwide dis;. We should not. forget ·that both 1960 that the Agency needs this amount. armament. So, it . was in· this context national party platforms urged that we Anything less than this would be falling that President Eisenhower and President seek -disarmament as a goal. The Re short of our stated purpose in creating Kennedy operated in suggesting that we publi.can platform said "We have deep the Agency and inflict the brand of hy look at tbis thing accurately and for concern about the mounting nuclear pocrisy on our goals as a Nation. what it is. arms race. This concern leads us to seek Mr. Chairman, in closing ·I should like Mr. Chairman, I ought t.o know some disarmament and nuclear agreements." to point out that· if ·We are to attain the thing about this. I have served for many We should remember that the first goal mentioned. in the bill, we must do years on the Committee on Armed Serv U.S. proposal for general and com much more than this-bfll provides. We ices and I am happy to tell you that_ this pleter disarmament was made during need to make every effort to create a year the arms of the United States are the Eisenhower administration. On more desirable image for our country on much greater than they were last year, June 27, 1960, the Vnited States made a the foreign front. We need to make and last year they were much greater proposal to the 10-nation committee on ci:ystal clear through what we say and than the year before_; and the year be disarmament which contained the fol do that we are indeed a peace-loving Na fore they were much greater than the lowing: tion. This means that we must articu year preceding that. The arms of the The ultimate goal is a secur and peaceful late a foreign policy that makes this United States not only cost more for our world of free and open. societies in which clear to the people of the United States there shall be general and complete disarm country, but they are also producing ament under effective international control and to the people of the world-a foreign more in all aspects o.f defense to our and agreed procedures for the settlement of policy statement that tells our people country. No nation is as adequately disputes in accordance with the principles of and all people-that commits our people armed as we are. So, we are not dis the United Nations Charter. and Government to support only those arming. As a matter of fact, we are propositions and programs that gradu much more greatly armed in this coun We should remember that the present ally extend the basic freedom we know try than we ever have been before in administration has tried to advance dis so well here in America-will do much history. armament proposals with the goal de to make possible the goals mentioned in U you look at this administration, you scribed as a free, secure, and peaceful the bill we are considering today. will find that while its armaments have world of independent States adhering to Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. increased, the nonarmaments fields in common standards of justice and inter Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the dis our country's budget have generally gone national conduct and subjecting the use tinguished gentleman from New York down. There are, of course, places where of force to the rule of law. [Mr. HALPERN]. many of us would like to see our arma So far, regretfully, these proposals Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Chairman, I rise ments increased still further. We would have made little progress. Part of this in enthusiastic support of this legislation like to go forward with the RS-70 or is due to Soviet unwillingness to agree to increase the authorization for appro some similar weapons system. I am to verification procedures we consider priations for the Arms Control and Dis confident that we will make improve essential to safeguarded disarmament armament Agency. In enacting this ment in these efforts in the future. As proposals. Part of it is due to the fact legislation we will be making it possible these new weapons are perfected, to hold that the Arms Control and Disarma for that Agency to render an even more reasonable budget lines, obsolete or out ment Agency has. been put on the de efficient and effective service in the cause dated weapons will be abandoned; but fensive in trying to carry out the man of world peace, in the relaxing of inter our overall armament posture should date of the people, as expressed by both national tensions, and in furthering the improve through added strength, not by political party platforms, by the last two security of the people of our Nation. weakening our arms position. administrations, and by Congress itself. I am particularly pleased to be identi This Agency is a part of our national A vocal but small minority has distorted fied with the measure, not only as co defense by providing adequate research the picture with nonsensical gibberish sponsor of the bill before us, my identi to prevent us from unwise decisions. It about disarrr..ament. Too shortsighted cal legisJation being H.R. 3308, but as an should be maintained. Whether its to realize that this goal may be the only original sponsor of the legislation which funds need great increases at this time means of preserving our security, they established the U.S. Arms Control and is another matter which this debate try to brand safeguarded overtures to Disarmamen.t Agency. I was privileged should develop. ward peace with the label of subversion. to have been among the small group of Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. In effect, they would cut off the left wing Members of both bodies of the 8'1th Con Chairman, I yield such time as he may of the American eagle, thus dooming it gress who coµsulted and cirafted the bill 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE 22523 creating the Agency in cooperation with ing ·upon all states to refrain from many ways, is the problem of our dis the administration, including consulta placing weapons of mass destruction in satisfaction·over the lack of progress, and tion with the President at the White orbit. In cooperation with the Depart the.difficulty, of dealing in a constructive House. ment of Defense, it had given careful manner with the Soviet Union. I can proudly say that this activity on consideration to the consistency of the There is lack of confidence, there is a behalf of the Agency is one of the most proposal with our military interests. It very real awareness on the part of Mem significant roles of my entire lifetime. It had also studied the probable effects of bers that we are dealing with a country has been a labor of love to work toward the proposal in international law and on whose courses of action are hard to pre the successful establishment of the our foreign relations. And it had studied dict. We are almost more cautious when Agency because no other organization is the technical problems involved in de they expose their friendly side than when more directly dedicated to the ideal and termining whether or not other nations they expose their hostile side. We are, goal of world peace. I feel every faith were acting inconsistently with the reso unfortunately, dealing with an unreliable I have had in the concept of this Agency lution. In short, the Agency made sure nation which gives continuing evidence has been fulfilled. Its goals have not that the United States was adequately of still being bent on aggression. The been pie-in-the-sky ideals. It has pro prepared to introduce and negotiate this question that many of us ask is whether, vided the tools and the machinery to lay resolution with full knowledge of its im under such circumstances, we are being a firm foundation for world peace. This plications and effects. realistic in supporting a program seeking is what we envisioned. This is what it It seems to me that these three illus ways in which we might reduce the level has been doing-quietly, effectively, and trations demonstrate the importance of and types of arms? How realistic is this? efficiently. the job which the Agency was set up How dangerous is it to talk about dis Mr. Chairman, in considering today to do and the admirable way in which it armament with world conditions as they whether the authority for appropriations has done that job to· date. They show are today? of the Arms Control and Disarmament that each of , the actual agreements No one really argues that the arms Agency should be increased, I think we reached was merely the top of an ice race in which we are now engaged is should look at the record and examine berg-the part that could be seen. The prohibitively expensive. This race con some of the accomplishments which the advance study and preparation which stitutes a real, continuing, and probably Agency has succeeded in fulfilling. underlay each such agreement, on the an increasing danger to the security of First, let us look at a most important other hand, was like the unseen base of all nations. As a consequence there is development, the "hot line" between the iceberg-much more extensive and a realization that the exploration of al Washington and Moscow, which was the essential for support. And it must be ternatives is important, and that if we first breakthrough in 18 years in the remembered that these three agreements proceed properly we may increase, and negotiation of measures limiting the risk were merely first steps. Far more re not decrease, our own security. The of war by accident of miscalculation. mains to be done in this field. We must ACDA has become involved in this larger The Agency was responsible not only for not fail to authorize the funds necessary concern. However, I think it should be the concept of this measure, but for the to see that this task is performed as ably said that the ACDA is not responsible for detailed preparation for its negotiation and thoroughly as humanly possible. any of the decisions which have been and the conduct of the negotiations In my judgment, the full amount of the mentioned with respect to the elimina themselves. Our representatives went to authorization contained in the bill as re tion or abandonment of certain types of Geneva fully prepared. The numerous ported out by the Foreign Affairs Com weapons. If there is any unilateral dis technical and drafting problems involved mittee is the least we can do for this armament, and I do not believe there has had been well worked out in advance and purpose. been, it is not the result of anything that coordinated with the appropriate This is good legislation. It is vital. the ACDA represents. branches of the Government. As a re I again urge its overwhelming approval. What we must realize is that the ACDA sult, I believe we· can be proud not only Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield is basically only one small piece of ma of the success of this effort, but of the 1 minute to the gentleman from Florida chinery to help us develop more knowl thorough and well-directed work of this [Mr. HALEY]. edge and understan.ding of the problems Agency which contributed so heavily to Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, I do involved in negotiations on topics of such success. not think I need a minute. However, I arms control. Next, there was the test ban treaty. appreciate getting it. This plan is not a As far back as August 1962, this Agency The gentleman from California put disarmament plan and it was never in his finger on some of the weaknesses of had prepared and offered in Geneva a tended to be. If you will read the bill complete draft treaty banning nuclear the ACDA. He also demonstrated its and the program you must finally come importance as an instrument to help us tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and to this · conclusion and this conclusion underwater. This draft was the product in our thinking about these problems, in alone: It is a plan to turn the armed our evaluations, in our concern about of months of effort in studying the effects might of the United States over to the of each provision on our own national possible pitfalls, and the ways in which United Nations to establish a world we may develop a meaningful arms con interests as well as on the common in government. · terests in reducing radioactive fallout, trol program. inhibiting the proliferation of nuclear Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. This brings me to my second point. weapons technology, and taking a first Chairman, I yield 5 minµtes to the gen Are we, as has been charged, squander step toward .arms control. Here again, tleman from New Jersey [Mr. FRELING ing the taxpayers' money by suggesting there was thorough coordination with all HUYSEN]. that we spend $15 million for each of affected parts of the Government in the Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chair the next 2 years for this Agency? Is preparation of the U.S. draft. man, I rise in support of this bill as there any realistic possibility that we Even though this draft treaty met with amended by the House Committee on may drown the Agency with too much a chilly reception from the Soviets at the Foreign Affairs. I would like to make money, as has been charged, if we give time, the Agency continued_to study the the points in the brief time at my dis it, $15 million instead of $10 million? myriad aspects of bans on nuclear test posal. I think the ·answers are obvious. Of ing. Hence when it appeared last July We have been talking now for a couple course we are not going to drown them. that the Soviets were at last ready to of hours about a relatively small amount We are not squandering the money, negotiate in earnest on this subject, we of money. This question is going to be whether we give them $10 or $15 million. were not caught by surprise or left to asked of each one of us--How much However, we should recognize that a hasty improvisation. Instead, our nego should we provide in this authorization reduction from $15 to $10 million would tiators went to Moscow fully prepared, bill for the Arms Control and Disarma reduce the amount available for research and came back with an agreement which ment Agency? Should it be $10 or $15 in the current fiscal year by approxi satisfied the U.S. Senate after the most million for the current fiscal year? The mately 40 percent. As has been indicated, detailed and careful scrutiny. difference is a relatively small amount. Operation Cloud Gap alone, the expenses Most recently, the Agency played an The question~ relatively simple. for which are to be shared with the De important role in the development and Much more important than that, and fense Department, will cost approxi formulation of the U.N. resolution call- this question has come up in a great mately $2,500,000. If we are not to cut I
22524 CONGRESSION.:AL RECORD - HOUSE November 20 the Agency's contribution to thatproject, on Foreign Affairs that by an overwhelm- · KASTENMEIER, and others in the formu and I may say it is a very significant one, _ ing vote reported out the bill now before lation of the peace agency bill which was the cut from $11 million to $6,300,000 you. the prototype for the Arms Control and will have to come out of other grant proj- It is the term of recognition of the Dis Disarmament Agency Act. It is to the ects. This will mean that the proposed armament and Arms Control Agency by great credit o~ this administration and grant research program will have to be the Department of Defense as a partnel" the 87th Congress that the Arms Con cut by something like two-thirds from and coworker in the noble cause of peace trol.and Disarmament Agency was estab that which has been requested. Under and security. The Department of De lished in September 1961. The creation these circumstances, I think it important fense with $47 billion to advance the of this Agency put the United States for that we authorize the full amount which cause of peace with security is one side of the first time in a position to approach the committee has recommended. the coin. Mr. Nitze tells us the Arms the vital subject of disarmament with a Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Control Agency is the other side of the high level of full-time competence. the remainder of the time on this side coin. · Under section 2 of Public Law 87-· to the gentleman from Illinois IMr. What will be the image of our be- 297-the Arms Control and Disarma O'HARA]. loved country in the eyes of the world if ment Act--the Agency bas four primary Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair- the side of the national security coin·ex functions: man, I am filled with emotion. I have pressive of the hope of peace, peace with (a) The conduct, support, and coordina never learned to lower my eyes. ·from security, peace on earth, good will to tion of research for arms control and dis the skies. The years and experiences men, is battered ou,t by dest:riuctive armament policy formation; at times discouraging have never dim- amendments? Can anyone on this cam (b) The preparation for and management med my faith that that for which we mittee be a party to that and live with of U.S. participation in international nego pray can be attained if our faith is his conscience? I am not the judge. tiations in the arms control and disarma strengthened and not weakened by re- The decision is with each of my col ment field; verses and unflagging courage gives re- leagues. This is the hour of decision. (c) The dissemination and coordination of public information concerning arms control doubled drive to our efforts. Either we hold to the hope of peace, and disarmament; and · I have lived to an old· age. Three times peace with security, peace on earth, good (d) The preparation for, operation of, or 1n the period of my life I have seen the will among men, or we beat a retreat as appropriate, direction of U.S. participa youth of my country march to major from the approach to the goal of our tion in such control systems as may become wars, and a fourth time to the war in prayers, a hopeless retreat of timid souls, part of U.S. arms control and disarmament Korea. Even now American youths are afraid of the challenge to this genera activities. fighting and dying in Vietnam, and over tion, a retreat back into the jungles. The statute plainly contemplated that the head of all mankind is the ghastly Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Chair- the Arms Control and Disarmament shadow of the nuclear bomb. man, I rise in support of S. 777. This Agency would be the governmental foun Mr. Chairman, I have never lo.st faith bill amends the Arms Control and Dis tainhead for disarmament proposals, in peace on earth, good will among men. armament Agency Act in order to au disarmament information, and disarma We may not have attained it but, Mr. thorize appropriations of $30 million for ment negotiations. ' To achieve this goal Chairman, I have the hope and the faith fiscal year 1964 and 1965, and to modify the Agency operates under a Director, that mankind will attain peace on earth, the personnel security procedures for Deputy Director, and four assistant di good will among men. contractor employees. rectors who are in charge of the Agency's A few months ago we voted $49 billion I strongly believe that the bill before four operating bureaus. These are: sci-. for defense. I voted for it. My friend us today is one of the most imPortant from Iowa CMr. GROSS] voted for it. All pieces of legislation to come before this ence and technology which sponsors and voted for it save one Member. We did session. For the :first time in history na coordinates scientific research concern that because we wanted our country to tions Possess the power to annihilate ing the manifold problems of disarma remain strong. We wanted peace, and each other and Western civilization. ment; Bureau of International Relations to have a defense that we hoped would Ever since August 6, 1945, the begiruung which is divided into two omces, the insure that peace. . That was one side of the atomic age, effective arms control Office of Political Affairs which is resPon of the national security coin. and disarmament has been the great im- sible for the day to day conduct of inter Let me read very briefiy to you from perative of mankind. In his eloquent nati.onal negotiations, and the Office of the hearings of our committee. Assist- and historic United Nations speech on Political Research and Analysis which ant Secretary Nitze of the Department September 25, 1961, President Kennedy ~sesses the internatipnal implications of. of Defense was on the stand. He said: in full realization of this imperative arms control and disarmament prop(>sals and examines long-railge international We con.slder that money spent to explore warned the world: developments; Economic Bureau which arms control proposals in depth well in Every man, woman, and child lives under a advance of tP.eir consideration at the policy nuclear sword of Damocles, banging by the investigates the economic and social con level and in inte~national negotiations 1s slenderest of threads, capable of being cut at sequences of disarmament; and the well spent. Arms control 1s the other side any moment by accident or miscalculation Weapons Evaluation and Control Bureau of the national security coin. or by madness. The weapons of war must which advises on military weapons sys be abolished before they abolish us. tems as they relate to arms control and Mr. Chairman, how can anyone who disarmament. In addition to these voted for $49 billion for lefense, one and . In an e:ff ort to achieve the objective the most expensive side of the national expressed by the President, we have re Bureaus, the Agency is composed of the, security coin, withhold voting for $30 cently concluded the test ban treaty. disarmament advisory staff which rec miWon for the other side of the coin? But it must be Pointed out that the Presi ommends Policy, the General Advisory Oh, yes; it may hold just a hope of dent's words are just as true today as Committee of 15 private citizens ap peace, but with timid hearts are we to they were when he SPoke of them. As Pointed by the President, a public affairs run away because there is no guarantee? long as the United States, the Soviet advisor who disseminates public infor .. There is no guarantee that $47 billion for Union and others possess nuclear weap mation, a reference research staff and an armaments will assure the peace we ons the threat of annihilation "by acci executive staff and secretariat which per seek. This is certain, the Disarmament. dent or miscalculation or by madness" forms administrative functions. and Arms Control Agency during the is ever present. We need only to re The Agency as the primary agency of brief time of its existence has returned member last year's Cuban crisis or look Government responsible for disarma to the American people a greater meas at recent headlines concerning Berlin to ment and arms control has, with a small ure of security than any comparable sum realize just how slender is the thread but dedicated and competent staif, ac .. of money ever spent by this Republic. which holds "the nuclear sword of complished a great amount in its short The "hot line" which ended the danger Damocles." . history. The Agency has been respon of war by inadvertence or accident, and When I came to the House in January sible for three negotiating instruments the test ban treaty, are among its ac i961, one of my first concerns was to of great significance: An outline of-basic complishments. strengthen the U.S. capability in provisions of a treaty on general and Two sides to the national security coin. in the field of disarmament. I had the complete disarmament in a peaceful That is not my description. It is not the privilege of working closely with the gen world; a ·draft· treaty banning nuclear term of the members of the Committee tleman from Wisconsin, .Representative weaPons tests in the atmosphere, outer 1963 C0NGRESSIONAL RECORB - HOUSE 22525 space, and underwatei: which, with mbdi.- as :we·; do now, with great anxiety and :un~ $30 million for the Agency to continue fications, -became the test ban treaty; certainty to what would happen ln t:h-e fu its operations·over the next 2 years. !iure. Suddenly something di.d )lappen,,7 tre and a draft treaty banning nuclear tests p:iendous, swift, overpowering, .Irresistible. There can be no doubt that in the short in all environments. In addition to the· I. .. ~ .. space of the past 2. years this Agency baa drafting of these doeume:qts,. the· Arm:s On September 26, 1961, President Ken more than proved its worth and the con Control and Disarmament Agency has nedy signed 'Public Law 87-297, the Arms tinuing state· of world tension and un been deeply involved in the disarmament Control and Disarmament Act, which certainty very clearly demonstrates· the and t.est ban: negotiations. at Geneva and created anAgency·charged with the awe~ vital necessity ot maintaining the effec deserves a. major share of the credit fo.r some _.responsibility to prevent the utre tive operation of this unique unit of the test ban treaty. The·Agency also de mendous, swift, overpowering, and irre government in exploring the paths that serves high ·commendation for the suc sistible" from. occurring~ I consider this may lead to peace through arms control cessful negotiation of the dire-ct commu Agency to be one of the most important and disarmament. nications llne,..-the so-called "hot line!' in.the Government . . It represents man The culmination of.the limited nuclear between the United States and the Soviet kind's great hope for peace. It deserves test ban treaty; the connection of the Unionr our fullest support. Recently we ap telephone "hot line" between Washing As. we all know, the problems of· dis proved a military appropriation which ton and Moscow, to eliminate the dan.., armament and arms contrel are vast and adds. up to.more than half our national gers of accidental warfare and. the re complex. Before the creation of the budget. The nation which can afford to cent United States-Russian agreement Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ·devote half its budget to military de not to orbit nuclear bombs in space are the United States did not have a full f ehse ·can afford to devote one-sixtieth certainly major steps toward our. basic scale _research ·program :regarding this of 1 percent of its budget to the ultimate objectives. of sensibly preventing a world crucial subJect. Trevor Gardiner.. As defense-negotiated disarmament. The holocaust and promoting honorablt sistant Secretary of the Air Force dur~ nation which can afford to spend more peace. That our Arms· Control and Dis ing the Eisenhower administration,. in than $6 million an hour every day of the armament Agency made invaluable con deploring the then-existing situation year for its military preparedness should tributions to the accomplishment of these stated: be able to-spend $15 million per year to objectives is unquestioned. On the basis Most o! our notions on the subject of dis. prepare forc peace~ of the Agency's remarkable record in less armalllent have been developed. by essen I urge all my colleagues to take an• ·than 48 months our only patriotic con.; ti~llY. . part'.'"time _people wp.o are busy with other step-in the "l,000-mile journey" to sideration today, in my humble e>J)inion, defense, state, or some other inter~st so that ·should -be, not whether thiS' measure they really do not have the time to think peace and vote for S. 777. full-time on the subject. Mr. LINDSAY . . Mr. Chairman, I want .ought to be approved, but whether, 1n the to speak this afternoon on the· impor best national interest. we should vastly From the very beginning the Agency tance of giving the strongest possible sup ·increase the amount proposed fn the bill has been heavily oriented towards re.:. _port ·to the Arms Control and Disarma ·and provide permanent status for the search. For the first year of the Agen~ ment Agency. The Agency wants, and Agency. cy's operation, fiscal year 1962, Congress ·needs, $30 million for 2 years. That is Let me, please, remind you that the appropriated $1,831,000 of which the requested authorization. This repre Congress is not, by this bill or through $600,000, or nearly one-third, was budg sentS a cut in what many originally. this Agency, relinquishing one whit of its eted by the Agency for research. In fis thought would be a minimal amount. constitutional, traditional. or legislative cal year 1963 the Agency allocated $4 By -contrast, Mr. Chairman, it is worth power over U.S. disarmament procedures million, almost two-thirds. of its total noting that in 2 years we authorize $100 or treaties. If it did I would not be in budget of $6,500,000, for research. The billion for arms buildup and defense. favor of it. Agency again plans to increase the ·per There is much to be dene. The test Let me further and respectfully ob centage of its total budget allocated for ban treaty was, , in my opinion, a step serve that when few question an appro research. For fiscal year 1964 the priation of some $50 billion for an arms Ageney has requested, and the Foreign forward. But it ls a gain that can be lost: Much work needs be done on in race it is _difficult to appreciate how any.:. Affairs Committee has apprQved, $15 ,mil spection prooedures and on problems of one can hesitate over approving $30 mil lion,. $11 million of which the Agency lion for the pursuit of honorable peace. plans to allocate to research. readiness. I am satisfied that implica In addition to the research program, tions of research effort is guarded When we realize that the destructive the Agency has fulfilled another vital against. The $11 million provided for power of one thermonuclear bomb sur fiscal 1964 is justified. The largest re. passes that of all the bombs used 1n function. The Agency~ in conformity to its clear statutory mandate, has served search project programed for fiscal 1964 World War II it appears it would be just as the ·all:--iml>ortant arms control and involves $2~400,000 for Project _Cloud plain old-fashioned commonsense to en disarmament information center for the GaP-a field test of inspection proce courage an agency o( our Gov~rnment general public. Without an informed dures. A variety of other projects have to continue and expand its limited efforts public it wnI be almost impossible to ne ·been programed in order to enable the of research and exploration to find ways gotiate effective agreements in the field Agency to deal effectively with both the and means to accomplish honorable of arms control and disarmament. To conception and technical problems in peace through a guaranteed system of brlng the necessary knowledge to the herent 1n developing -an arms. control arms control and -disarmament. Penny public the Agency has, since its incep and disarmament program which will for -penny it could well be the best in tion, published a total of 18 documents assure our national security. vestment the American taxpayer could and has sent representatives to various · The Agency should, in my opinion, .make or that we can make for him and conferences, forums, anµ study groups. .institute studies of the economic impact the civilized world. Let us then prompt- I can say from personal experience that of any future reduction in arms spending. . ly. approve this measure without further the Agency personnel are most coop This is one of the most neglected subjects delay. · erative and educational in· regard to of our time. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Chairman, I rise these conferences; Last· spring I spon Lastly, Mr. Chairman, I would like to in favor of S. 777, to increase the author sored a . conference. on nuclear policy compliment the chairman of the Agency, ization for appropriations for the Arµis which was attended by over 1,000 peo Mr. William C.. Foster, .on a job well Control and Disarmament Agency. The ple. Two representatives of.the Agenc~. done. ' Committee on Foreign Affairs recom Robert Matteson of the disarmament ad : Mr. · DONOHUE. Mr. Chairman, · as mend~ $30 million over 2 years. or an visory s~a:fl and Dr. Leonard Rodberg, at .one - of the original sponsors of legisla average of $15 million per year. No tended that conference and did a ·splen tion that resulted in the creation,. back -further cut in the authorization should did job· of explaining U.S. pdlicy. in -September of 1961, of the Arms Con be made. . Mr_ Speaker, Wih&ton Churchill on trol and Disarmament Agency· wlthih A$ one of theoriginatsponsors of legis Feb:r.uary '1. 1934, speaking of WDrld War the executive department of our Govern lation establishing the Arms Control and I, told the :earllament of Great Britain: ment I-earnestly urge my colleagties here Disarmament Agency, I feel that the Wa.rs ·come very ~ddenly. I ha.:v.e .Uved ta unanimously approve this measure au Agency has given a good account of itself through a period when one looked forward, -thorizing an additional appropl'iation o_f since Jt began operations in September CIX--1418 . '•
22526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE November 20 1961. During the last year, negotiations knowledge cannot come· through· osmo ured out how to keep the workers who for which the Arms Control and Dis sis-it demands research and study. had built· the weapon employed? armament .Agency was in large part re Top officials from the Defense Depart Perhaps the budget cutters believe we sponsible produced agreement on a "l)ot ment, AEC, 'NASA, and CIA as well as should negotfate first and then find out- line" to Moscow, a limited nuclear test the Arms Control Agency testified that the· hard way-if an· agreement was in ban agreement, and a United Nations there is no substitute for this research our national interest. I do not think resolution calling upon all countries to and that there is no duplication of it by this cart-before-the-horse approach to refrain from orbiting nuclear weapons. the various interested ·agencies. peace and security represents the think Mr. Chairman, almost three-quarters These officials pointed out that the ing of the people of Wisconsin or the of the $15 million per year for the Arms Arms Control Agency was largely respon rest of the country. I, for one, think Control and Disarmament Agency would sible for the formulation of the concepts that th,e, harm which could result from a be spent on contract research. The pur of the "hot line" to Moscow and the lim failure to approve the full authorization pose of this research is to protect our se ited test ban treaty. The Agency also would be grossly disproportionate to the curity by preparing us properly for arms supplied backup in terms of staff and minute saving involved-a saving which control and disarmament negotiations. instructions to . Secretary Harriman in would prove harmful to our security and ~egotiations .of this kind will inevitably Moscow and to our negotiators at the our quest for a safeguarded peace for continue in the future as they have in the Geneva Disarmament Conference. Since ourselves and our children. past. then we have witnessed the U.N. resolu Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Chairman, I Even limited arms control agreements tion calling upon other nations to follow rise in support of S. 777, as reported out such as a test ban can have an impact our national policy of ref raining from by the House Committee on Foreign on the military balance of power, par placing weapons of mass destruction in Affairs. As representatives of the peo ticularly if other countries which are orbit. Again the Arms Control Agency ple of the United States, we have the parties cheat on the agreement. One of was largely responsible with Mr. Foster, foremost duty of doing everything pos the main ways in which research pre its Director, actually conducting the ne sible to insure· world peace. As respon pares us for negotiations is to show, first, gotiations. sible legislators, we should bend every what the impact of a particular arms All of these measures and activities effort toward the attainment of peace, control proposal might be, and, secondly, are designed to promote our national for without peace all else will end in whether cheating could be detected by security through safeguarded alterna nothingness. It is a known and con long distance detection devices, as in the tives to the arms race. They are de ceded fact that a nuclear war, if we ever case of the limited test ban treaty, by signed to lessen tensions and to promote permit it to come, will mean the end of on-site inspection, or by other means. peace. . civilization. Most of the research to be conducted by The opponents of this budget request The bill before us provides another the Arms Control and Disarmament apparently believe that our negotiators step toward the attainment of world Agency in this fiscal year is directed to · should go to these negotiations unpre peace. The nuclear test ban treaty was ward answering questions of this kind. pared and jeopardize our security. For a firm step. The establishment of a Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues the sake of a small sum, which the For "hot line" to Moscow, and the United eign Affairs Committee believes would be to support the bill because the basic job Nations resolution c~lling upon all coun of the Agency is 1io provide the backup money well spent, they apparently be tries to refrain from orbiting nuclear support essential to the conduct of the lieve that these efforts to promote peace weapons were other noteworthy steps. highly complex and technical disarma should be crippled. I think this is false In all of these moves the Arms Control ment negotiations in which the United economy. and Disarmament Agency was in large States has participated since the Agency According to the Agency, a reduction part responsible for the successful nego opened its doors 2 years ago. I think of $5 million would result in a 40-percent tiations. That Agency has proved its my colleagues will agree that the results cut in the contract research budget for worth and ought definitely be continued. so far are encouraging, and the Agency this fiscal year since it could not be taken should receive the increased authoriza out of fixed operating expenses. It has Considering the fact that we have tion of $30 million over 2 years. previously been noted that out of the $15 voted $50 billion for defense, the amount Mr. REUSS. Mr. Chairman, I trust million budget for fiscal 1964, $11 million here being asked for a peace research that the full authorization for the Arms is for research and $4 million is for oper agency is a paltry sum. Let it not be Control and Disarmament Agency will ating expenses. said of this Congress that its Members be approved overwhelmingly. Certainly, I have obtained from the Agency a few tried to economize on peace. opposition to this request will be found examples of contract research projects I urge passage of the bill as recom ed on tortured logic. After exhaustive which would probably have to be reduced mended by the House committee. testimony, the Committee pn Foreign in size or eliminated. They are: Mr. ALGER. Mr. Chairman, I am Affairs approved an authorization of $30 First. Design of field tests of inspec opposed to this bill because, in my con million for 2 years, noting in its report tion methods to catch cheating by clan sidered judgment, it is designed to give that the Agency has "given a good ac destine production of weapons in viola stature and purpose to an agency which count of itself since it began operations tion of a possible ban. has neither. in September 1961," and . that "a re Second. Design of special-purpose in When the resolution to establish this search program of the magnitude spection and detection equipment. Agency was before us 2 years ago I said planned for fiscal 1964 can be justified." Third. Research on the problems of to consider disarmament at a time of Does the opposition propose that we organizing and directing on-site inspec accelerated arming of our Nation is al should halt all arms control discussions tion teams. most unbelievable. What is needed, I with other countries? Fourth. Study of new weapons devel pointed out, is a firm foreign policy so Discussions have ·been going on under opments which, if placed under control unmistakably clear and firm that no na three administrations since the war. by the United States and U.S.S.R. now, tion will dare challenge us for fear of They went on all through the period be might enhance our security in the future. their own extinction. tween the wars. I believe it both essen Fifth. Evaluation of the impact of Unfortunately, this world is not yet tial that they continue and inevitable arms reductions on unemployment. · ready for disarmament. Any efforts that they will. \ Sixth. Independent, outside analysis now on our part to do this will only pro If these negotiations are to continue, of new ideas for arms control measures. ject the wrong image of U.S. military does anyone suggest that we go to them Many of these studies deal with our power, and, further, the administration's unprepared? ability to catch cheating under arms failure to assess accurately the present If we are going to protect our national control measures. They could become danger of communism's goal of enslaving interests in these negotiations; we must tremendously important to our security the world by arms or subversion. be prepared to participate in them if they became relevant to negotiations When the world is ready for disarma knowledgeably. We must know how the and we did not know the risks involved. ment we can pass the necessary .legisla other side's proposals, as well as our own, And, suppose we were able to reach tion. Prior to that time we are playing would affect the military balance, and agreement on halting production of a into the hands _of the enemy by legisla whether we could detect cheating. This particular weapon and no one had ~g- tion such as this. 1963 , CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 22527
Since I . made that statement 2 y~ars For myself, I will not be a party to any are going to be engaged and what they ago the · world situation has worsened. action which, in my oPinion. threatens are going.to do. I cannot agree with .the .committee's the United States and the lives of OJ.ll' Mr. MORGAN. Of course, with the evaluation of the performance of the people and, therefore, will vote against increase in the amount requested for re Agency on- page 3 of the report in which this bill. search, amounting to $11 ~ion, most it is stated: At the same time I implore the admin of the 70 new employees will be in the The committee believes that the Arms istration, the Congress and the people research :field. . Control and Disarmament Agency has given to take whatever steps necessary' to re Mr. BOW. Can the gentleman tell us a good account of itself since it began opera store the power and prestige of the what grades they are going to be and tions in September 1961. The results so United States to the proud position ii{ what type of research they will handle? far are encouraging_ held before the apostles of appeasement Mr. MORGAN. No, we did not go into What results, may I be so bold as to began directing our foreign policy. In that aspect of the program. We looked ask? stead of talkillg dis~rmament we should primarily at the research projects. There has been no lessening of ten be bending every effort to increasing our Mr. BOW. It would seem to me, if we sions in the world. The Communist.s arsenal, to developing new 'and more are going to authorize 70 new employees, have given no indication that they have powerful weapons, in creating an anti and I would ·point out to the gentleman given· up their objective of conquering missile missile. Instead of supporting that in the State Department bill this the world and destroying the United an agency and an executive policy which year there were no new employees in the States. · The disarmament talks have quakes in fear before the sabre rattling entire bill, and now we have a bill coming dragged on month after weary month of the conniving and ambitious Russian in here for the approval of a new agency with the Soviet Union refusing to make dictator, we should enunciate a firm, bold policy which at the very least would in where we are authorizing 70 new em any concessions while it continues to. ployees with no knowledge before this destroy U.S. prestige and influence by clude getting the Communists entirely out of Cuba, ending Communist subver committee as to what their grades will outlandish statements based on lies and sion in the Western Hemisphere and be and what they are to do. Are we senseless accusations. serving notice on the Communist con blindly going to say to this committee, Communist aggression has not been spiracy that we do have the will and we "You can hire 70 people and we do not halted. lt continues its arms buildup in are prepared to protect our freedom and care what they are going to do and we CUba." It ruthlessly disregarded the the freedom of all those who look to us do not know what they are going to do treaty in Laos to bring that sad country for leadership. . and just give them a blank check?" entirely within the Soviet orbit. It con This will be a policy much more likely Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, tinues to export arms, rebellion and sub to insure peace than the timid, defeat will the gentleman yield? version from Cuba to every. other coun ist policy we have been following and Mr. BOW. I am glad to yield to the try in South America. It has increased which this bill now seeks to perpetuate. gentleman. I hope he can give us some pressure on the Western nations in lJer The 'CHAIRMAN. All time has ex informationon this. lin with the latest outrageous arrogance pired. Mr. GALLAGHER. The basic differ displayed on the autobahn. American . The Clerk will read. ence in the amount of money requested boys are dying in a Communist sponsored . .. The Clerk read as follows: , is primarily in the field of research . war in Vietnam. , Be it enacted by the Senate and House of They have testified that there would be While the Communists have stepped .Representatives of the United States of. no more than 70 new employees added . up aggressive .activities, what have we. America in Congress qssembl'ea, That section We are not basically authorizing these done? We backed down in Cuba and 49(a) of the Act entitled "Arms Control and new employees, but if they are needed presented the Soviet Union with a vic Disarmament Act", approved September 26, in view of the enlargement of the pro 1961 '(75 Stat. 639), is amended by adding at tory. We have turned our heads on the gram, they will be employed. It would increased Communist revolutionary ac the end thereof the following new sentence: "In addition, there is hereby authorized. to be before the Committee on Appropria tivities in South America. We signed a be appropriated for the fiscal yea.rs 1964 and tions where a breakdown would be made test ban treaty which jeopardizes the se 1965, the sum of $20,000,000, to remain avail in the event of a possible increase in the curity of the United States by preventing able until expended, to carry out the pur number of employees. us from testing in an area in which we poses o! this Act." Mr. Bow~ You see'-this is the kind must test to stay ahead of the Russians Committee amendment: Page 2,_ line 1,. of situation we get into. It is one of in military power while permitting them strike out "$20,ooo;ooo" and insert "$30,- 000,000". the reasons we had. to raise the debt to go ahead with the tests necessary to limitation not long ago to $315 billion,. overtake us. We ha.ve steadily cut, back Mr. BOW,' Mr. Chairman, I move to because we merely go along with au our military strength by abandoning strike out the last word. thorizations, saying that the Committee proper research and development of new Mr. Chairman, I take this time to ask on Appropriations will take care of it weapons and by decreasing our striking the distinguished chairman of the com and then after it is authorized. then we force through a systematic reduction of mittee a few questions. I voted for this are told, '"Oh, well, a legislative commit airpower. bill when it was first before the House. tee authorized it, and we ought to ap In the face of this tragic record of the As a member of the subcommittee on propriate for it because the authorizing Increasing danger to our security we are supplemental appropriations and for the committee would not ask for it unless now asked to give permanency and stat Department.s of State, Justice, and the they knew what it was going to be used ure to an agency closely associated with Judiciary, I voted to .supply the funds for for." our failure to maintain our military . this agency. Now there are some qu~s Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, strength. ·To take this action. will lead tions I would like to ask with reference will the gentleman yield? to only one result, a further distortion of to this bill. How many new employees the image of the United States and an are contemplated here? Mr. BOW. I will be delighted to yield. increase in the danger of all-out war. If Mr. MORGAN. There are approxi Mr. GALLAGHER. The basic prob World Warm occurs it will be because of mately 70. lem and the difference between the $20 miscalculation, on the part of our ene Mr. BOW. Seventy new employees million and the $30 million is in the mies, of our purpose and our ability to are anticipated. In what grades and in research field. · defend our Nation. To approve this bill what areas are the 70 employees going Mr. BOW. Let us go into that. What and the fallacies contained in the re to be hired? · · is the research; what are we going to port may well encourage some foolhardy Mr. MORGAN. I would not be able to do in research that will bring the gentle dictator that we lack the will to resist answer the gentleman. I think that man from Illinois this peace on earth and thus see in this an invitation to at would be a matter that would come be and good will to men? tack us. We are in the cold war phase fore the gentleman's subcommittee. , Mr. GALLAGHER. If I may point out now or World War II and we must not Mr. BOW. The Committee on Foreign in the green book those areas that would encourage the foolhardy to start a shoot .A.Hairs authorized 70 employees and you be eliminated are $6.3 million for re ing war, thinking we are disarming and should have some idea of why they are search in fiscal year 1984. They are all weak. being authorized and in what areas they listed on pages 19 and 21. 22528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE November ·20 Mr. BOW. I know they are listed. giving, $2 million more than was used for worked ,that plan out. What are some of You can take names and you can take research in the past fiscal year. the functions of this organization? They projects and give them different names. Mr. Chairman, I submit . that. the are ,going to backstop among other Let us find out actually what they are amount which the other body found.suf things the various ideas submitted for and what they are going to do. Can the ficient ought to be entirely adequate so arms control: they_are go~ to backstop gentleman tell, us, rather than just tak far as we are concerned. I would urge the various proposals that are made by ing a subject and saying that they are Members to vote "no" upon the commit diff.eren.t agencies of the_Department of going to put research in this.? How are tee amendment so that the figure would Defense. When some subdivision gets an we going to do it? How will it develop? go back to $20 million for the 2-year idea for arms control, they submit it to Mr. GALLAGHER. Your own c·om period and thereby save $10 million. this organization whieh will review it. mittee went over some of these programs It has been said that $5 or $10 mil This organization is going to determine in the past. Which ones have you lion is not a large amount; and perhaps whether _or not there. is duplication, vetoed? in the context of the amounts which we whether or not there are three or four Mr. BOW. I say to the gentleman authorize ~nd appropriate here it is not. or five . different groups in the Depart acting upon the authorization of ·the But I am sure that the taxpayers of this ment of Defense that are working on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, last year country feel that $10, million is a . very same suggestion for arms control. we granted all of the money that was substantial amount, ·and should be Certainly these. people have to be qual authorized. We went over these items. saved. Even with the savings we are ified in order to determine whether or But this is a great increase I say to the providing an amount which is more than not a proposed suggestion is worth while gentleman. I have asked the gentleman adequate for- the purposes of this and unless you have people who know a question, and he is not answering it. Agency. their business they are not going to be Mr. GALLAGHER. Will the gentle Mr. Chairman, I urge Members to vote able .to determine the validity of the man yield further? "no" upon this amendment. various -r:ecoinmendations. . Mr. BOW. I do not yield any further Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, I How much in the way of actual money , to the gentleman unless·he is willing to rise in favor of the amendment. are we talking about? We are talking tell us what are the programs and what Mr. Chairman, a most amazing thing about $2.5 million a year when you spend are you going to have the money for. has taken place this afternoon. That is, $50 billion for defense. I thirik, ·when Do not give us doubletalk but give us the amount of excitement that has been we consider what is involved, we will not facts. engendered by an authorization bill want to be penny wise and pound foolish, Mr. GALLAGHER. I am giving you seeking to increase the sum of money for which we will be unless we vote for the the facts. arms control and disarmament from $20 committee amendinent. This is a young Mr. BOW. No! you are not giving us to $30 million for 2 years. I was pres organization. This organization has not ent when the $50 billion was appropri developed to the degree where we have the facts but giving us titles in a book. ated for arms and armaments and cer You are giving us reference to a book tainly there was not anywhere near. this to be disturbed or worried about it. 1 that has titles in it. I will not yield to excitement. am certain as time goes on the various the gentleman any further. What are we actually doing? . We are ideas and suggestions that are made and The CHAIRMAN. · The time of. the increasing the amount authorized from the research that is done by this organi gentleman has expired. $10 to $15 million a year for 2 years; zation will prove worth while. And. so I Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Chairman, I rise in at least we seek to do so. The other urge you to vote for the committee opposition to the committee amendment, body fixed the amount at $10 million. amendment to increase the authoriza and would like t-0 point out very care We are seeking to fix it at $15 million. tion from $20 to $30 million for 2 years. fully to members of the committee that As a practical matter what is going SUBSTITUTE AMENDME~T OFFERED BY if you desire to vote for economy, in 'this to happen is that in conference that MR.HOSMER instance your vote should be "no." You amount very likely will be split down Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, I offer are voting upon the adoption of the com tl:~e middle and so we will wind up with a substitute to the committee amend mittee amendment. By its action the about $12.5 million a year. We are just ment. House Committee on Foreign Affairs took paring cherries; with all this excitement, The Clerk read as follows: the bill that was passed by the other body it comes to just .an increase of $2.5 mil Amendment offered by Mr. HosMER as a which provided $20 million for 2 years lion. For what? . For arms control and substitute for the committee amendment: and increased that amount to $30 million for disarmament. On the first page strike out line 3 and all for 2 years. If we vote "no" upon the I think that this organization cer that follows down through page 2, line 2, committee amendment, we are voting to tainly can be trusted with an additional and insert in lieu thereof the following: "That subsection (a.) of section· 49 of the save $10 m1llion, to reduce the amount· $2 ~ million a year. Last year I believe authorized for the biennium to $20 mil Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 they turned back some money that they u.s.c. 2589) ls a.mended by striking out lion, the figure which the Members of the did not use. I do not think they are '$10,000,000' a.nd inserting · in lieu thereof other body thought was adequate and going to squander the money simply be '$7,500,000 annually'." sumcient to carry on this program. cause we authorize it. Let us look at what has happened in Also remember th.at the Appropriations Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, when the past. As I pointed out a short time Committee is going to go into these items. this 'act was passed, section 49 provided ago, $10 million was sumcient to carry They are going to determine, I presume, an authorization for the appropriation of this program for the first 2 years of its whether or not 70 additional employees $10 million to remain available until ex existence. There was left over more than are necessary. They are going to deter- · pended. It did ·not· put the Agency on $1.5 million out of that $10 million for mine whether or.not any supergrade em any kind of an annual basis. It did not appropriation this year. So that approx ployees are necessary. So far as super place it in the situation where it would imately $8.5 million carried the program grade employees are concerned; who be difficult for it to attempt to balloon for 2 years. If.w~ vote .for the reduced would receive from $14,000 to $25,000 a itself all out of reason. amount, we are giving $10 million for year? They are scientists. You will cer Mr. Chairman, the pending commit~e each of the following 2 years. Now, what tainly want people who are worth their amendment simply does this: It takes a will that be used for? We are asked to salt, and if you are going to get decent 2-year period and says that we can ap give about $4 million of those. $10 million people for this organization, you will propriate up to $3'0· million, ·or $15 mil- for operations, for the administration of certainly want to pay them ,a decent lion a year. · ·· this program, for carrying on the work salary. Mr. Chalrman, over_iri the other ·body of the Agency. That leaves, under the As to contracts that are to be turned they said, "No~ we will take $20 million reduced figure, $6 million for research. over to colleges and universities; that is and iet them spend at the rate or° $l0 niiI How much have we ·used for r·esear·ch ·in dorie when in the wisdom of the Agency lion a year, and .then when these 2 years the past? · In the year just concluded we it is determined that it is necessary. are up, we will go into this matter again." used not quite ·$4 million. · So I would We had an open-skies amendment Mr. Chairman, the . plain fact of the say to members of this committee, if you during Mr. Eisenhower's administration. matter is that y.ou cannot buy peace, you vote for the reduced amount you are· still It was an organization of this type that• .cannot buy peace by. hiring researchers. 1963 CONGltESSl©NAL··RECORD-·- HOUSE 22529 This Agency in the first year received war or saved a nation, and· the :.gentle as far as I am concerned you can drop $1.8 million. In the next year, fiscal 1963, man respanded, "Well, if the United the "Disarmament" out any time you it received $6.7 million.- Now, we want to States is in existence a hundred years want to; it certainly will not make me give them a 700-percent increase, up to from now this will · be the proof." unhappy-I do not think anybody in $15 million, according to the committee Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in that Agency has any visions that the amendment·. opposition to the pending amendment. United States ought to disarm or that Mr. Chairman, that is just· ridiculous. Mr. Chairman, I oppase this amend we · are going to get the Russians to You cannot expand an agency in that ment because, as the gentleman from disarm along with us if we make the fashion and you cannot accomplish the New York CMr. FARBSTEINr said, we are offer._ peaceful millennium by doing so. ·Let us quibbling over a very small amount of I do not suppose it is possible to make put it on an -orderly basis. money in a very important field. A lot a political mistake in proposing this, Mr. Chairman, what my amendment of people talk about disarmament. because if we never have a nuclear war does, is to say that the Agency can get I am not one· of those who optimisti the opponents can always say, "Well, it up to $7.5 million annually if it is ap cally believes this agency or any agency · is a was~ of money," and so on; but if propriated. It puts them on a business is going to achieve disarmament, at least we do have one all out, you do not need like basis. It will let it hire only a part not in the foreseeable future; but I am to wori;y about the political consequences of these . 70 people it wants to hire. very much interested in arms control. because there will not be any constituents A gentleman who preceded me in the well We are not talking about weapons that left to complain. It will be that horrible. was asked, "Who are they going to hire?" we referred to in previous attempts at To be practical about it, the Senate He replied, "Scientific types." I .will tell disarmament. We are not talking about has voted $10 million. We are asking for · you the type they are going to hire. They guns, rifles, aircraft carriers and battle $15 million. Anybody who knows any are going to hire, in part at least, the ships. We are talking about interconti thing about the way this place works at type that come in and write papers for nental ballistic missiles. If the esti all knows that means no more than $12.5 the Disarmament Agency and who will mates of the Defense Department are million, or an increase of $2.5 million, tell us that this Nation must not have correct about what the Russians have and that is a paltry sum compared with civil defense because it is provocative to certainly they know what we have, and what is at stake. the Russians. How do they reason this if they are correct in their estimates of Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strange and curious assertion? They overkill-there are enough interconti support of the amendment and in op say, ".Well, if we spend billions of dol nental ballistic missiles and warheads position to the committee amendment. lars on civil defense, it must mean we are to equip them to wipe life off the globe Mr. Chairman, I would say to the serious about it." several times over. I think the average gentleman from Ohio [Mr. HAYS] that Now, Mr. Chairman, they said, "Every person just refuses to let this sink into I waited and waited for some word out body knows that unless the people are his intelligence because it is almost too of Paris a week or so ago, during the in a shelter when the bombs drop, they horrible to contemplate. But the fact NATO Parliamentary Conference, from are not going to be protected. So, if we remains it is true. somebody in the varied assortment of spend billions of dollars on civil defense, What we are trying to do here is to people who went over there, some word it means that we are planning the first spend a few dollars, and I say a few about disarmament, and I did not hear strike, that we are going to know when dollars. The increase involved here is a single word. As a matter of fact, I the war breaks out because we are going $1 for every $30,000 that we have in-: think probably that so-called Confer to start it, and we are going to have our vested in 1 year in these implementS of ence concerned itself with the buildup people in the defense shelters." There destruction. We are trying to figure of arms. I do not know. I am not sure fore, the Russians figure this all out and out a way to spend a few dollars to limit that anything was accomplished. they become uneasy and look at our civil these weapons. Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, wm ·the defense as a provocative act. That is There is talk about the French force gentleman yield? · what these so-called scientific types will de frappe. I made a speech about it the Mr. GROSS; I yield to the gentleman be telling us. other day, and I pointed out that if De from Ohio. · Mr. Chairman, that is how nutball Gaulle is successful in coming up with Mr. HAYS. The speech I just said these people are who are going to get one bomb, one bomb that will work, he I made was made there. The gentleman part of this money that you folk are will have had an expenditure of $2 bil might be interested to know that the going to authorize today. if you · do not lion. But by the time he gets that bomb chairman of the Liberal Party of Eng accept this substitute amendment. That we are going to have over a thousand, land, Lord Ogmore, who happened to be is how silly it is: They will come in and and.the best estimates are the Russians a delegate, said in a later speech it was try to lower the defense capability and will have 400 or 500. If this is going to one of the most powerful heard during safety of the people of this country. be any deterrent, if this French force the NA TO meeting. I did not say that, I think it is time this country put its de frappe is going to be any deterrent but he did. I am sure that some people foot on-puts a lid on-this expenditure. by one single bomb against 1,000 or 450, on the other side will not like it. I am A good Job can be done with $7 .5 million if that is going to deter anybody from not attempting to blow my own horn. a year. The Agency should be working doing something, I would like to have Mr. GROSS. Do I understand the to protect the people of the United States it pointed out. - gentleman is telling me that somebody not only from its foreign enemies but This shows you how far one nation in England complimented him on his from·its domestic idiots. Let us not give will go to try to become a nuclear power. speech?- The gentleman is telling me them money to spend foolishly or dan I think De Gaulle on balance has been that? · · · gerously. This is a very severe task, I good for France. He has stabilized the Mr. HAYS. Yes. Maybe the gentle grant, that we have before us, and for French Government and to.a large extent man would like to compliment me if he that reason I ask you, I implore you, I the French economy, but it shows you would bother to read the speech. beg you to put sanity in this bill now how far afield a fellow can get when he Mr. GROSS. I am still waiting for before the House by putting this reason goes into this business of the French someone of the assortment of people able lid of $7 .5 million-a million dollars economy spending $2 billion to develop Who attended the NATO Parliamentary more than the Agency is spending this a single bomb, which is supposed to give Conference to speak up in behalf of dis year-on the appropriation. France the status of an important nu armament. If you want to look at it later, if Mr. clear power. The gentleman from New York [Mr. Foster is able to come up at some later What we ought to be doing and what FARBSTEIN] says, in effect, "Vote $15 mil date and with some results that are tan De Gaulle ought to be doing, what other lion. Take the Senate's original figure gible and some actions that are clearly in nations ought to be doing and certainly of $10 million and increase it to $15 the interest and security · of the United what we ought to be willing to spend a million and then go to conference and States some years hence, let him talk to few dollars for is to find some way to get compromise on something less." This you about it then. But let· us not have rid of these atomic bombs: means it' is not a question of the Dis the kind of speculation we heard earlier I do not think anybody in the Disar armament Agency needing $15 million, in the day when somebody was asked for mament Agency-Arms Control and Dis according to the gentleman ·from New proof that disarmament ever avoided a armament Agency is_its proper title, and York-. All they need, he suggests, is 22530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE November 20 $12.5 m111ion. So blow it up to $15 mil from Iowa, let me read-to you from the The overwhelming -view of- the com lion today and then kick it down some hearings with regard to- the Moscow mittee, as· a result of the hearings was where along the line, and 1n between; negotiations. · · that -the Agency's research program is again caught in the middle, is the be .I quote Mr. Foster: not only sound and necessary, but that draggled taxpayer. The scientists who went were our scien it does avoid duplicating the research The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. tists. The .interpreter was our interpreter, work conducted by other Government FRELINGHUYSEN] spoke of someone being the secretaries were our secretaries, so that agencies. The vote of the committee on fearful they would- drown this Agency we made up some 40 or 50 percent of the: reporting the amended bill out also indi with money. I wonder if the gentleman delegation and in the drafting committee, cates that this evaluation and expres Mr. Fisher was the actual member of the from New Jersey ever heard of any drafting committee that worked with the sion of confidence was shared ·by mem agency or department of the Federal representative of the Soviet Union in the bers of both parties. As stated in our Government being drowned with money final drafting of the treaty. report: at any time, any place, . fn the modern The committee believes the Arms Control history. of this Government? As you can see, Mr. Fisher who is the and Disarmament -Agency has given a good Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chair deputy of Mr. Foster, the Director of the account of it.self since it began operations man, will the gentleman yield? U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament in September 1961. Mr. GROSS. · I yield to the gentleman Agency, was Mr. Harriman's deputy briefiy, . · when the mission was selected and he On the basis of the detailed testimony did the actual drafting of the test ban presented to the committee during the Mr... FRELINGHUYSEN. Is the hearings, the committee has been con gentleman contending that an additional agreement. Mr. Chairman. the principal question vinced that the research program · for $5 million being spent for research by fiscal 1964 is justified. It represents an the ACDA would drown the Agency with before the House in connection with this bill is the amount of appropriations we $11 million effort. almost -three-fourths money? of the total budget request of$15 million. Mr. GROSS. I am only repeating the authorize for the Arms Control and Dis armament Agency for the next 2 years. This growth of the research program is phrase used by the gentleman previously. commensurate with the increasing de Of course. it will not drown them. You The Agency asked for a continuing authorization and the budget request for mands for information to protect our could not. :figuratively speaking-and security through knowledgeable -arms understand I say :figuratively speaking...;._ the next fiscal year was $15 million. The other body authorized $20 million for control and disarmament negotiations. you could not drown them with $5 mil-_ During much of the first 2 years of' its lion more-because they can drink that ACDA for fiscal years 1964 and 1965. The Foreign Affairs Committee ap existence, the Agency was developing the much, of whatever the additional $5 mil- basic concepts of a research program. lion represents. . proved an authorization for $30 million to :finance the Agency's operation for 2 This early work was necessarily explora Now the alleged claim to fame.on the tory and did not involve much detail. part of the Disarmament Agency up to years at the level planned for fiscal year 1964. We did not approve the request Now that needs have been identified, this Point is the "hot line" and the nu more detailed research is required · to clear test ban agreement. If I remem for a continuing authorization because we felt that Congress should retain at provide technical support for sound U.S. ber the accounts of the Moscow meeting negotiating positions. at which the test ban was initialed, I all times a limit on the development and did not see anyone from the Disarma scale of operation of the Agency. The largest research project involves ment Agency mentioned-it was all The Arms Control and Disarmament $2,400,000 for Project Cloud GaP-a :fieid Averell Harriman. He was the whole Agency is a very small agency as Gov test of inspection procedl.ires. The cost show as far as the United States was ernment agencies go. Its total person will be shared on approximately a 50-50 concerned. The Disarmament Agency nel presently number a little over 200 and basis with the Department of Defenie. had little or nothing to do with the Mos its programed :not to exceed 277 by the The project involves testing in the field cow test ban agreement. It was all end of fiscal year 1964. In light of its of various concepts of ~tion in order Averell. Moreover. the Moscow test ban research, coordinating, and negotiating to determine the risks and operating dif treaty is not removing a single weapon responsibilities, and the fact that this is ficulties involved. from the Russian arsenal or from our the only Government entity devoted ex It takes much detailecJ. information to arsenal-not one wea:ix>n. That pr-0- clusively to seeking alternatives to the develop a good verification syst.em. First duced no disarmament whatever. arms race. I feel that this represents a the key indicators of violations of arms As for the "hot line"-we have had a reasonable and necessary staffing level. control agreements must be ~identified. teletype line into our Embassy in Mos Consequently, any . budgetary cuts that Then a system to monitor those indi cow for years. The so-called "hot line" do take place will have primary impact cators must be designed. Then that runs into the Pentagon and thence to the on the Agency's external research pro system must be tested. This is where White House. And if anybody thinks gram. the field testS in Project Cloud Gap Khrushchev is going to plant an operei I must admit that both I and many come in. The elements must be devel tor at his teletype keyboard in Moscow members of the committee initially ap oped and tested. and tell us that he is going to PUS.h the proached the Agency•.s requested author A variety of other proj~ts involving button and send his missiles on their ization with serious doubts as to its smaller amounts have been programed way . here. they ought to revise their validity. We questioned both the need in order to enable the Agency to deal thinking. How anyone can consider the for the research planned and whether effectively with both the conceptual and ''hot line" any kind of an accomplish such research would not duplicate re technical proble~s inherent in develop ment. that merits spending either $5 or search already being· performed by the ing an arms control and disarmament $15 million is beyond me. Defense Department, the CIA, the State program which will assure our national The CHAIRMAN. The tiµle of the Department. and other Government security. gentleman has expired. For what pur agencies. The committee was persuaded that the pose does the gentleman from Pennsyl Because of these doubts. the Director $10 million which would be available for vania rise? of the Agency appeared before our com :fiscal 1964 under the authorization Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask mittee twice, once in executive session passed by the other body is not suffi unanimous consent that all debate on so that we could really probe on these cient to enable the Agency to do an ef this amendment and all amendments questions. In addition, we heard testi fective research job. It would mean a thereto close in 15 minutes. mony from officials representing the De 40-percent cut in the research program- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection fense Department, the Central Int.em_. to the request of the gentleman from gence Agency, the Atomic Energy Com for the next fiscal year, from $11 million Pennsylvania?, mission, and the National Aeronautics to $6.3 million. There was no objection. and Sp.ace Administration. I feel that The Cloud Gap ·project would have The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog we explored the Agency's research pro~ to be substantially reduced in scope. nizes the gentleman from New Jersey gram thoroughly, as well RS the overall ·Other important projects would either lMr. GALLAGHER]. Government program of -research in this ha:ve to J;>e elimi~~d o:r c'lirtailed in a Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Chairman, in area on the matter of waste _and duplica manner that would reduce their eff ec-_ reply to my colleague, the gentleman tion. tiveness. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 22531 The budget reduction ·would ·also re Mr. -HAYS. Mr. Chairman, will the Let history record that in this Con duce the grant research program by more_ gentleman yield? gress at this time we are willing to take. than two-thirds. The Agency relies on Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. I have yet another step. grant-type research for some new ideas only 3 minutes and you had 5. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog and concepts. Mr. HAYS. I want to agree with you nizes the gentleman from Minnesota Finally, the testimony brought out about something if "you will yield. _ [Mr. FRASER].· that a cut in the research program can -Mr. THOMSON-of Wisconsin. -·-That Mr. FRASER. Mr. Chairman, it seems not be measured solely in terms of· indi is such an unusual situation that I will; to me that thooe who want to tear the vidual project reductions and elimina Mr. HAYS.- I will say to the gentle-· heart out of the Disarmament Agency tions. The entire research program is man that I was unaware of the study have not ta.ken the proper perspective a coordinated effort. Many projects are about indigenous natives, and I will of history: Since the year 1898 this related and depend upon the successful agree with him that that ought to be country and every other major power conclusion of other projects for maxi knocked out, and I will help to get it on the face ·of this-.world has engaged in mum . effectiveness. This programing knocked out. They ought to discontinue disarmament talks, year in and year· would be largely ruined by the manda that right now. out, right through World War I and up tory modifications imposed by a smaller Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Very to the beginning of World War II. And budget. good. Just vote "no" on the committee I think that thooe people who feel that It seems to me .that the question boils amendment. by gutting the Disarmament Agency they down to whether or not we want to Here is just one ·other. Inspection for can stop the discussion of disarmament promote our security by being properly clandestine military · activities. This are just fooling themselves, because -if prepared to negotiate measures to slow. study will be concerned with the detec history is any indication we are going down the arms race. If we do, I think tion of clandestine military activities on to go on talking about disarmament just this comparatively small amount re a very small scale. as our Nation has talked disarmament quested by the Agency should be au- Where is the CIA? Where are the for the past half century. thorized. . other Government agencies? They are The result will be, if we gut this Agency The .CHAffiMAN. The time of the all doing the same thing. I hope you and cut out this research and deprive gentleman from New Jersey has expired. will vote "no" on the committee amend the top officials of our executive branch The Chair recognizes the gentleman from ment. from knowledge that comes from this Wisconsin CMr. THOMSON] for 3 minutes. The CHAmMAN. The time of the research, that we are saying that we want Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. our people, we want our representatives' Chairman, I think at long last we are The Chair recognizes the gentlewoman to go into negotiations with one hand getting down to the meat of this ques from Oregon CMrs. GREEN]. · tied behind their back. tion about what this Agency is doing. Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Chair The gentleman from California [Mr. I want to say to you that $1 million is man, I could hardly believe my ears a HosMER] said that he is in favor of out a lot of money in the district that I few moments ago when I heard some of side contracts to do the research for this come from. . My people there do not our colleagues pleading with this House· Agency. But the truth is that with this want to relate it to the defense budget to cut down the amount which the com amendment you .would virtually ctit out· or to anything else, because every penny, mittee has recommended, as an economy every outside contract. This would every dime, every dollar, and every $1 measure, an economy vote. 4rms con_. mean that the Agency would be limited million is important to them. The ques trol, the nuclear test ban treaty, peace practically to i~ own resources arid to tion to me is whether this Agency really all tlie eft'orts being made by the Disar the. research ·that could be carried on needs this money and whether it is justi mament Agency cannot be measured in with its own personnel. fied, and I do_not think so, and I rise terms of dollars. What kind of a price here in opposition to the amendment of A question ·was asked about ·the new· tag can you put on the nuclear test ban personnel, Mr. Chairman. That infor- . the committee. treaty? How can anyone measure the This Agency is supposed to be a co mation is easily available. The new dollar value of lives that might be saved? personnel account for only $1.3 mill~on ordinator and a catalyst, to bring people A country that today spends far more together and to bring ideas together and of the increase asked by this Agency. If. than 100 times as much as the com we cut the Agency's budget back to $7 .5 so forth. I think it is just the opposite mittee is asking on legalized gambling of that. I think if they weed out some million we are going to cut back this can certainly afford to gamble $15 mn-· Agency to a point where they are .going ·of the unnecessary overlap and duplica lion a year or twice $15 million on the tion that they are performing, this· to have less money for research than th~y · Disarmament Agency that might some had in the fiscal year 1963. Agency could well operate on $10 mil how bring us a little bit closer to peace. lion a year and possibly a great deal less. I would say that there are divided The Library of Congress has advised opinions in this House as to whether dis Nobody has said anything about those me that since World War II the United research contracts, but take a look in the States and the Soviet Union hav:e spent armament is the road to peace. green book that they have told you about. There are differences whether or not over $900 billion on defense, almost $1 by pursuing this particular path we are We are not talking about atomic bombs trillion, and.as a result we have fea~s and and how to get rid of atomic bombs. jitters and the threat c;>f mass annihila- going to bring about the kind of security We are studying disputes ·between indi_. tion. _ that we want not only for our Nation but· viduals. And one thing they are study It has always seemed to me that if we for people everywhere-an9 I would say ing is the status of indigenous natives in could spend a fraction of this, a recog-. that I do not happen to be one of those South Africa. Now, I am for eliminat nizable fraction of this ·on educatio~ and who believes that disarmament is a cer ing atomic bombs, but how about the the pursuit of peace, perhaps maybe in tain road to peace-I think we may have problems of the status of indigenous 10 or 15 years from now our defense to first find a way of solving some of natives in · South Africa? I think we would be more secure and our position in the political problems that exist in this could well get along without that one. world leadership even stronger because world. · We would save quite a lot of money. of it. If w.e allow the notion to get But, Mr. Chairman, I say to the mem Then here is another one. The role abroad in this land that the arts of bers of the committee that_ if we take of electromagnetic and mechanical cen peace are less important, less worth away from our people who are respon: ters of inspection. This is what they are working for than the arts of war then we going to look at. The possible role of sible for conducting negotiations at. will have a very, very difficult time mak Geneva and for conducting negotiations aerial photography, radar, and other ing the journey toward peace to which techniques in inspection and operation with the Soviet Union, if we take away President Kennedy referred at the time· from them the knowledge and the under-· which will require extensive analysis. of the ratification of the nuclear test Well, where is the Department of De standing that can be derived from the ban treaty. At that time he said: contracts for outside research, then you fense, where is the CIA, where is the Let us-if we - can-step · back from the Atomic Energy Commission? Those peo shadows of war-:S.nd seek the way of peace, are handicapping them. You are saying ple are all doing these very exact same and if that · journey 1s 1,000 miles or ev·en that we want them to go into negotia-· things at the present time. · more, let history record that in this land at: tions- not well briefed,·· not thoroughly Then here is another one. this time we took the first step. prepared, but instead on an ad hoc basis.: 22532 CONGRESS°IONAL RECORD - -HOUSE November 20 · The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Tellers were ordered; and the Chair payroll is in defense industry. There from Pennsylvania [Mr. MORGAN] is rec man appointed as ~llers Mr. GALLAGHER are roughly 1.5 million poople employed ognized for 3 minutes. · and Mr. HosMER. ill a11 industries in the bay region, and Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Th~ Committee again divided, and· the 100,000 are involved with military in support of the committee amendment tellers reported that there were-ayes 98, oriented activities. and in opposition to the amendment noes 111. MY· point in offering this amendment which has been offered by the gentle So the substitute amendment was re is that we have definite and finite tech man from California CMr. HosMER]. jected. niques developed by leading economists It has been brought out here today that The CHAffiMAN. The question is on where we can use computer models or we are talking about a figure of $15 the committee amendment. eeonometric models to definitely fore million. Someone said here a little while The question was taken; and on a di cast what the effect of disarmament will ago that we have just appropriated $50 vision (demanded by Mr. ADAIR) . there be on a regional area and to make pre billion for defense. Now, take 24 hours were-ayes 73, noes 110. · dictions as to what can be done to meet in a day and divide it into $50 billion and Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I de that effect. My amendment would make you will find that we are spending $6 mand tellers. it mandatory that the Disarmament million an hour for defense. Tellers were ordered, and the Chair Agency employ this tool on a regional Mr. Chairman, we are asking here for man appointed as tellers Mr. GALLAGHER basis. 2% hours in the cause of peace. I think and Mr. ADAIR. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, will this is a very small amount. The Committee again divided, and the the gentleman yield? As the gentlewoman from Oregon tellers reparted that there were-ayes Mr. GUBSER. I yield to the Chair [Mrs. GREEN] said, it might be a gamble, 108, noes 145. man of the committee. but we are gambling small money. · So the committee amendment was re Mr, MORGAN. . Mr. Chairman, I have Now in considering the $15 million, jected. examined the gentleman's amendment. the Agency made a good case before the AMEND.MENT OFFERED BY MR. GUBSER I am sure the Agency is already doing Committee on Foreign Affairs. At the Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Chairman, I offer studies along this line. I assure the gen insistence of some of the minority mem an amendment. tleman as far as I am concerned I in bers we called people from the CIA, we The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re tend to use my influence to have them called representatives of the Department port the amendment. continued, but I do not feel that. any of Defense, we called them from NASA, - The Clerk read as follows: money should be earmarked for partic and we called them from the Atomic ular studies ·in a certain area of the Amendment offered by Mr. GUBSER: On Energy Commission. page 2 line 2 after the word "Act" insert the country. I am sure that studies along Mr. Chairman, every witness testified following: "Provided, That of this sum a this line are now being made by the that there was absolutely no duplica minimum of $100,000 shall be used to de Agency. tion between their research and the re velop at least one econometric model which Mr. GUBSER. I know, Mr. Chair search of the Arms Control Agency and employs the input-output technique to be man, that the Agency "is interested in this that coordination as being carried out l,lSed as a tool to define and measure the re particular type of activity, but this is a under the Executive order eliminated gional economic dislocation problem caused tool for arriving at conclusions rather duplication. by time phased cutbacks, stretchouts, and I termination of mllltary procurement and to than a research project. am hopeful This $15 million has been justified, assist ln finding ways in which to minimize that the gentleman would see ·fit to cc!n $4 million for administrative .expenses the adverse effects of such dislocation." municate with the Arms Control and and $11 million for research. Disarmament Agency and urge that they If the committee amendment is voted Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Chairman, as . a consider the use of such a tool on ·a down and the $20 million figure stays member of the Committee on Armed regional basis. Would he be willing to in the bill. we will have only $3.7 million Services, I am deeply concerned with do that? for administration and only $6.3 million maintaining a strong military posture Mr. MORGAN. I will be glad to. for research. for the United States. As an American Mr. GUBSER. With the Chairman's I say this Agency should be granted and as a member of the Committee on assurance that this will be urged upon the full amount necessary to carry out Armed Services ·as well, I am looking the Arms Control and Disarmament· their research program. · forward to the time, which I hope will Agency and not wishing to tie the hands arrive in the near future, when we can The gentleman from Wisconsin in set about an orderly and safe program of the Agency in particular, I ask unani speaking about the natives in South of disarmament. When this happens we mous consent, Mr. Chairman, that I be _· Africa referred to only one part of a must recognize that the geographical allowed to withdraw my amendment. contract. He did not indicate the na distribution of military contracts is un The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ture of the project as a whole. The con even and that readjustments will bring to the request of the gentleman from tract on that item was Analysis of Inter severe hardship to certain areas of the California? national Disputes. Only a small part of country. This makes it mandatory that There was no objection. this contract had anything .to do with advanced planning by Government at all The Clerk read as follows: the African natives that he mentioned. levels and by business firms and labor SEC. 2. Section 45 of the Act entitled But the contract provided for vital unions and other private organizations "Arms Control and Disarmament Act", .studies dealing with international dis be entered into so that this economic approv.ed September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. putes. adjustment can be made with' a mini 637), is amended by redesignating subsec Mr. Chairman, I emphasize that this tion 45(b) as subsection 45(c) .and by in mum of diftlculty. serting after subsection 45 (a) the following Agency has proven its worth by the pre We now have techniques which can liminary work it has done. It brought new subsection: define and measure a potential regional "(b) In the case of contractors or sub the "hot line" into being and it supplied economic dislocation problem and can contractors and their officers or employees, the iriformation that gave us ·the nu also provide an adequate tool to ef actual or prospective, the Director may ac clear test ban treaty. ficiently and practicably deal with the cept, in lieu of the investig~tlon prescribed Let us vote for ihe conimittee amend problem. These techniques are varied. in subsection (a) hereof, a report of investi ment and vote down the amendment gation conducted by a Government agency, Some are called computer models, others other than the Civil Service· Commission or which has been offered by the gentleman are called econometric models. It is -a the Federal B'ureau of Investigation, when from California [Mr. HoSMERJ. , technique of input and output analysis it ls determined by the Director that the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on developed by economists like Professor completed investigation meets the stand the substitute amendment to the com Leontief of Harvard and many others. ards established in subsection (a) hereof: mittee amendment offered by the gentle For those of you who are interested I Provided, That security clearance had been man from California CMr. HosMER]. refer you to an article in the Scientific granted t,o the individual concerned by an other Government agency based upon such The question was taken; and on a div:i American for April 1961 entitled "The investigation and report. The Director may sion ..:: 22534 . ·coNGRESSIONAL "RECORD - HOUSE November 20 forces J:1,nd armaments so that no state could Mr~ MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I ob "'(c} The accumulation, coordination, and challenge it. ject to dispensing with the reading of the distribution of Jnforn,.ation concerning arms control from; within, and amongst Govern Stage I provides for the reduction of gentleman's amendment. I think it ment agencies; and weapons. The United Nations Peace should be read. "'(d} The development and evaluation of Force under this plan would not be cre The Clerk read ~s follows: plans for United States participation in such ated until stage II after our weapons Amendment offered by Mr. HosMER: Page control systems as may become part of had been reduced. 4, strike out lines 3 and 4 and insert the fol United States arms control activities.' lowing: "SEC. 8. (a} Paragraph (a) of section 3 of Now, on' page 113 of the hearings our the Arms Control and Disarms.ment ·Act ( 22 colleague from Florida [Mr. SIKES] niade "SEC. 5. (a} The first sentence of section 31 of the Arms Control and Disarmament U.S.C. 2252) is amended by striking out 'The an insertion in the RECORD which said: Act (22 U.S.C. 2571) is amended by striking terms "arms control" and "disarmament" The United Nations Security Council di out 'disarmament' and inserting in lieu means the identification, verification, inspec rects the U.N. military actions, and I pre thereof 'arms control.' _ tion, limitation, control, reduction, or elimi sume that this will also be the case with "(b} The second sentence of such sec nation,' and inserting in lieu thereof: 'The . the U.N. Peace Force. I wonder how many tion is amended to read as follows: 'To this term "arms control" means the identifica people know that since the beginning of the end, the Director is authorized and directed, tion, verification, inspection, limitation, con United Nations the Under Secretary for under the direction of the President, ( 1} to trol, or reduction'. Political and Security Council Affairs has al review and evaluate research, development, " ( b) Paragraph ( c) of section 3 of the ways been a Russian? and other studies in the field of arms con Arms Control and Disarmament Act is trol; (2) to make arrangements by contract, amended by strikin.g out 'and Disarmament', The Russian Under Secretaries are agreerµent, and grant for the conduct of re "SEC. 9. (a} Section, 21 of the Arms Con listed as follows: search, development, and other studies in the trol and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2561> Year 1946 to 1949, Arkady S. Sobelov, field of arms control by United States private is amended to read as follows: U.S.S.R. or public institutions or persons; and (3) tO .. 'UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AGENCY Year 1950 to 1953, Konstantine Zinchenko, coordinate the research, development, and "'SEC. 21. There is ·hereby established an - U.S.S.R. other studies conducted in the field of arms agency to be known as the "United states Year 1953 to 1957, Ilya Tchernyshev, control by other Government agencies in ac.:. Arms Control Agen~y·. u.s.s.R. ·cordance with procedures established under "(b) The first two sentences of section Year 1957 to 1960, Anatoly Dobrynin, section 35 of this Act.' 22 of the Arms Control and Disarmament U.S.S.R. "(c} The fourth sentence of such section Act (22 u.s.c. 2562) are amended to reaq Year 1960 to 1962, Georgei 0. Arkadev, is amended by striking out 'and disarma- as follows: 'The Agency shall be headed by U.S.S.R. ment' immediately before the colon and in .a Director, who shall serve as an adviser to Year 1962 to 1963, Eugeney D. Kiselev, paragraph (a} by striking out 'control, ·and the Secretary of pefense, the Secretary of U.S.S.R. elimination' and inserting in lieu thereof State, and the President on arms control Year 1963, Vladimir Suslov, U.S.S.R. •and control'; and in paragraph - (d} by matters. In carrying out his duties under striking out 'reduction, and elimination' this Act the Director shall have advisory re The gentleman can see this woulcJ be and inserting in lieu thereof 'and reduc- sponsibility within the Government for arms done in stage II after the reduction of tion'; and by striking out 'and disarma- control matters, as defined in this Act.' the weapons system. . ment' each place that it appears in para- "(c) Section 25 of the Arms Control and Mr. BENNETT of Florida. I am glad graphs (e}, (f}, (h}, (1), (j}, and (k}. Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2565) is my colleague from Florida [Mr. SIKEsl "SEC. 6. Section 1 of the Arms Control and .amended by striking out ', under the direc pointed this out. He points out that it is Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2551 note} is tion of the Secretary of State,', and by adding amended by striking out 'and Disarmament'. at the end thereof the following new sen not likely our Government would agree "SEc. 7. Section 2 of the Arms Control and tence: 'Nothing in this Act shall be con- to any such arrangement. The Disarma Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2551) is amend- strued to authorize the Director to establish ment Agency is pointing out the things ed to read as follows: within the Agency any bureau, office, or that would have to take place if you do "'PURPOSE division to conduct research activities.' have a worldwide disarmament. But it "(d) The first sentence of section 26 of does not say it is going to occur. · " 'SEC. 2. An ulti ma te goa1 Of the United the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 States is a world which is free from the u.s.c. 2566) is amended by striking out 'and Mr. STINSON. The U.S. Arms Con scourge of war and the dangers and burdens disarmament'. The last sentence of such trol and Disarmament Agency has been of armaments; and in which international section is amended by inserting 'the Secre spending the taxpayers' money for print adjustments to a · changing world are tary of Defense,' immediately before 'the ing this in English and also in five other achieved peacefully. It is the purpose of t},lis Secretary of State,'; by striking out 'Dis languages and has distributed it around Act to provide impetus toward this goal by armament' and inserting in lieu thereof the world as an official U.S. proposal. creating a new agency of peace to deal with 'Arms Control'; and by striking out •, dis Mr. BENNETT .of Florida. If you are the problem of control of armaments and armament,'. their reduction to minimum feasible levels. "SEC. 10. Section 34 of the Arms Control going to have a .worldwide disarmament "'Arms control policy, being an important and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2574) is it is going to be a dangerous thing but aspect of foreign policy, must be consistent hereby repealed. Section 35 of . such Act that is not what this Agency is bringing with national security policy as a whole. The (22 u .s .c. 2575} is hereby renumbered as about. It is advising of facts of their formulation and implementation of United section 34 and is amended by striking out research. States arms control policy in a manner which 'and disarmament.' Mr. STINSON. I doubt if it is in that will promote the national _ securit~ can best "SEC. 11. (a) The second sentence of para direction. This is an outline of the dis be insured by a central organization charged graph (a} of section 41 of the Arms Control by statute with support and advisory respon- and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2581) is armament .plan that was submitted by sibility for this field. This organization amended to read as follows: 'It is the intent Mr. Kennedy at the United Nations in must have such a position within the Gov- of the section that the Director rely upon September 1961. This is stated very ernment that !t can provide the President, the General Services Administration for gen clearly·in the foreword of the document. the Secretary of State, other officials of the eral administrative services in the United AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. HOSMER . executive branch, and the Congress with rec- States and abroad to the extent agreed upon ommendations concerning United States between the Administrator of General Serv Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, I offer arms control policy, and can assess the ef- ices and the Director.' an amendment. feet of these recommendations upon our for- "(b} Paragraph (f} of such section 41 is The Clerk read as follows: eign policies, our national security policies, amended by striking out 'and disarmament'. Amendment offered by Mr. HOSMER-- and out economy. "SEC. 12. Section 43 of the Arms Control "'This organization must have the capac- · and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2583) is Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, I ask ity to provide the essential scientific, eco- amended by striking out 'and disarmament'. unanimous consent that the reading of nomic, political, military, psychological, and "SEC. 13. The first sentence of subsection the amendment be dispensed with, and I technological information upon w.hich real- (b) of section 47 of the Arms Control and will explain the amendment. . istic arms .coi;itrol policy must be based. It Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2587) is The CHAffiMAN. Is there .objection must be able to carry out the following amended by striking out •and disarmament'. to the request of the gentleman fro:rn primary functions: "SEC. 14. Section 48 of the Arms Control "'(a) The evalua~ion, support, and coordi- and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2588) is California? · · nation of research for arms control policy amended by inserting immediately after 'in- Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, the formulation; ternational conferences' the following: 'in gentleman's amendment is 19 pages long. "'(b) The accumulation and preparation any advisory capacity'. Will the gentleman be able to explain the of data required for United States participa- "SEC. 15. The title of the Act entitled 'An amendment in 5 _minutes? · · tion in international negotiations .In the . Act to establish a United States Arms Con- Mr. HOSMER. I think I can. arms control field; ~ tfol and Disarmament Agency', approved 1963 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD~ HOUSE 22535 September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 631), is amended of this import which changes many sec given careful and thorough study to the to read as follows: 'An Act to establish a tions of the act and which comprises. 10 matter and having amended the bill to United States Arms Control Agency.'" pages.. and which is. offered late in the provide maximum protection against Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Chairman, I shall day should have been considered in_com unilateral disarmament, tinderstood the be much briefer than was the reading of mittee. The gentleman did introduce a. Qbjeptives of the new Agency, the Ameri the amendment. It was necessarily long bill which purported to do many of ·the can public generally might be led to because it deals with many portions of things his amendment proposes to do, but misconstrue its purposes.. I crossed my the Disarmament Agency Act. The he made no attempt, as far as I know, ta fingers in hopes . that ~he true purpose amendment is drafted to do four simple come before the committee and propose of the agency would be cle~r to all Un things: this as an amendment when the com fortunately this was riot the case. The First. .It takes the word "disarmament" mittee was considering the bill. I think very fact that the Agency was termed and drops it from the name of the agency the House would be well advised not to the "Arms Control and Disarmament and eliminates the function of disarma go this far in changing this whole bill Agency" led a number of well-meaning ment from the responsibility of the around, because after hearing the citizens to believe~ in error, that the pur agency so that the agency is now named :amendment read-and I think I am pose of the .Agency was to provide for and is responsible for arms control. speaking truthfully when I say that not our unilateral disarmament, 'to strip us At such time in the future as disarm very many people in the House know of our defenses in the face of a con ament becomes other than a dream, the what th1~ amendment does. The author tfnued and aggressive worldwide threat agency can be shifted to that function. of the amendment talks about taking the from the forces of international But now the function is arms control and matter out of the State Department·and communism. let us make no mistake about it. If we taking the director away from the nego The confusion resulting from well confuse disarmament with arms control, tiating table. The director is not at the intentioned misunderstanding was then we derogate the actions and the resuon negotiating table unless the President compounded by-certain persons who seem sfbilities and the CllPability of • the wants him to be there, and if he needed to be bent more on downgrading their agency. him there, I think he ought to have the own Government than in facing con Secondly, this amendment will bar the opportunity to have him there. ! think structively the problems with which it agency from setting up its own research the House would be operating in the dark must deal. shop and. thereby abrogating this func if it adopted this amendment, and I trust Many of the Members are aware of tion to an inwardly oriented group of that· the amendment will be rejected. the attacks that have been made on civil servants who cannot be fired. By The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the Arms Control and Disarmament contrast,· it requires the agency to go the amendment o1fered by the gentle Agency-and on the Congress for provid out on the private market for its re man from California.. ing for its establishment-in the months search, doing it by contract in a broad The amendment was rejected. since Public Law 87-297 was enacted. So fashion so that the best American minds Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Chair virulent had some of these attacks be can be brought to bear on this very im man, I move to strike out the requi come that elements of the press which portant problem. site number of words. most usually criticize American involve The third thing that the amendment Mr. Chairman, when legislation to ment in international activities felt some does is to strip the administrator of the establish the U.S. Arms Control and responsibility to set the matter straight Agency of the responsibility to go to the Disarmament Agency was before us in for their readers. The publication Na international negotiating table as a ne September 1961, it was the understand tional Review, while supporting the re gotiator. We already have people in the ing of the gentleman from Texas and peal of Public Law 87-297, told its readers State· Department hired and trained to many others that the purpose of the in the June 18 issue that the Arms Con go to do this work. It keeps him at the act was to pull together into one office trol and Disarmament Agency is not side of the table as an adviser, where he of Government activities that had been "engaged in the business of selling out should be, and it keeps him as an ad conducted, often independently, by a U.S. sovereignty, nor has it treaty power, ministrator of an inquiring research number of separate offices virtually since nor the power to effect U .s. disarma agency, which he should be. It avoids the end of World War II. ment." The National Review wticle the contingency of his taking positions We had engaged, in those years since concluded: off the cuff and shooting from the hip the end of World War II, in more than When disarmament comes, it will be im durtng negotiations, then having to dis 70 conferences in which arms control portant enough to be transacted by the con tort the ·Agency's research function to .and related matters were discussed. ventional agencies of Governme~t; e.g .. the support such hasty, illogical, and often On some occasions, it was clear, we were President a.nd the Houses of Congress. mistaken·and dangerous positions. not prepared properly to take part in The American Legion magazine de The fourth thing the amendment does these conferences. Overlapping research voted much of its September issue to a is simply take the Agency outside of the activities, f allure to coordinate certain lengthy explanation of the Arms Control influence of the State Department. In background studies, poor communication and Disarmament Agency and the legis the future it would look for its support between agencies and departments---all lation which provided for its establish to the General Services agency rather these were difficulties that the Congress ment. The article stated: than to. the State Department. It would wanted straightened out by putting arms Thus ·the Arms Control and Disarmament look for its housing to the General Serv control study and informational work Agency ls basically a study and informational ices Administration rather than the under one agency. body. It could not take over operation of State Department. It is an agency to At the time the 1961 legislation was American disarmament programs until they advise the President and the Secretary enacted I had strong reservations about were approved by the entire Government, which we shall see includes both executive of Deferise and other agencies of the the proposed name of the Agency. While and legislative branch;es. Whatever danger Government and should not, by any logic realizing that the name was designed of that exists, the law in question does not or reason, be smothered by the State De to serve our propaganda interests, it permit.it. partment as it is today. That is it. was as clear then as it is now that dis I think that today the Disarmament armament in this· divided world is for And the article concluded: Agency is a sick Agency with a dreary the foreseeable future an impossible In short, the responsibiUty !or -the de past and a dismal future unless we, the dream. We have no alternative but to fense of the United States and the exercise of power either to ass.ure or to undo our secu Congress, act to reform the charter un remain militarily powerful. As Presi rfty rests today exactly where it did before der which it operates, and unless we do dent Kennedy declared in this Chamber the Arms Control and Disarmament Act was so reform it I see no reason for spending in his state of the Union address on adopted in 1961; · There may be dangers in public money to perpetuate it. January 14 of this year: what people acting_ tn the name of the Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal Until the world can develop a reliable Agency pro~e. Their proposals will bear ance of my time. system or international security, the :free watching. But the cil'.culatlon of ground Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in peoples have no choice but to keep their less rumors about that Agency and about al'DlS near. the law under which tt operates does no good. opposition to the amendment. I hope rt could haV& the dangerous result, for our that I shall not have to use all of my time. It was my feeling 2 years ago that national safety, _of causing objective spokes I think it ~ o'f?vious that an amendment although we in the Congress~ having men for adequate defense to be tarred with 22536 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - - HOUSE November 20 the_ S&me brush. as the . spreaders· of. wild control. Perhaps ·someday the -world the first response leveJ of enfoxcement. Thus tales. That could be _a disaster. will see· the opportunity for real ·progress also, arrest and . imprisonment :of violators So concluded the American Legion in the 'field of disa'rmament. That day is might .be1.avoidecl .as long .. as it .was possible not now . in sight, Until it is, it is D\Y tQ e.n 1963 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE 22541 which inspired Congress to grant permission poet in the unique sense in which Robert cum.bed to the repeated onslaughts of the for the erection of the Shevchenko memorial: Burns is regarded as the national poet of far more powerful Red army. · "Whereas throughout Eastern Europe, in the Sco~ish peopl~. And, as a freedom At this point the Ukra-inlan people entered the last century arid thi~, the· name and :fighter and prophet of liberty, Shevehenko upon the darkest and most agonizing period works of Taras Shevchenko brllliantly re was also regarded by his pe'ople with some in their long and tragic history. The flected the aspirations c,>f man for personal thing of the special reverence that we in Ukrainians were not only the largest and liberty and national independence; and America reserve for Thomas Jefferson and strongest of all the. so-called national "Whereas Shevchenko, the poet laureate of George Washington. minorities in the Soviet slave empire, but Ukraine, wa$ openly inspired by our great Shevchenko was no narrow nationallst. He they were also the most stubborn and the American tradition to fight against the im was concerned not only over the oppression most mllitant. Though thousands were perialist and colonial occupation of his native of the Ukrainian people by Moscow but also executed and scores of thousands were de land; and over the oppression of the Poles, the Lithua ported, the spirit of Ukrainian independence "Whereas in many parts of the free world nians, the Georgians, and the other ancient refused to die. observances of the Shevchenko centennial peoples who had been subjugated by an in The agony of the Ukrainian people under will be held during 1961 in honor of this im creasingly aggressive Russian imperialism. Soviet rule reached its zenith during the mortal champion of liberty; and He fought for the liberty of all men and period of Stalin's forced collectivization. "Whereas in our moral capacity as free the freedom of all nations. When it became evident that the Ukrainian men in an independent nation it behooves In erecting a memorial to Taras Shevchenko peasants could not be induced to abandon us to symbolize tangibly the inseparable we would be engaging in an action devoid their farms· and enter the collectives by spiritual ties found in the writings of Shev of all meaning if we failed to speak about means of persuasion, Stalin decided to resort chenko between our country and the 40 the plight of the Ukrainian people today to organized starvation. In 1932, the entire million Ukrainian nation: Now, therefore, be and if we failed to honor his lifelong com grain reserve of the Ukraine as well as all it mitment to the freedom of his people by other crops that might support the popula "Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep recommitting ourselves on this occasion to tion were removed from the country by Red resentatives of the United States of America the goal for which Shevchenko sang and army convoys. In the mass famine that in Congress assembled, That any association fought. resulted, it is estimated that 6 million or committee organized for such purpose It is a great pity that there is no Taras Ukrainians, men, women, and children, lost within 2 years from the date of the enact Shevchenko today to write of the agony of their lives. In the political terror that ac ment of this joint resolution is hereby au his people in inspired verse, to appeal to companied the famine, 80 percent of all the thorized to plac:e on land oW'ned by the the conscience of the world on their behalf, Ukrainian intellectuals were liquidated by United States in the District of Columbia a and to give once again to the cause of the Soviet terror apparatus. statue of the Ukrainian poet and national Ukrainian freedom the precious inspiration The Ukraine became a desert and a place leader, Taras Shevchenko." of the poet's song. of pestilence~ There were many places where Shevchenko's life was in a way symbolic The history of the Ukrainian people has the entire population perished, so that there of the tragedy of the Ukrainian people. He been one of brief but glorious periods of was no one to bury the dead. died at the young age of 47; and of those 47 independence and of long centuries of strug There are those who say that the Soviet years, he was a serf for the first 24, a con gle against the tyranny of Moscow, both regime today is somehow more moderate script in the Russian Army for the next 10 under the czars and under the Soviets. than the Soviet regime under Stalin. To years, and under police supervision for the The Ukrainian people through the centuries those who harbor such illusions, I would ensuing 3 % years. All told, therefore, he have had more than their share of suffering point to the fact that the project manager knew only 9 years of personal freedom. and tragedy. But the agony of the in charge of the forced starvation of the Although the son of a serf, with little op Ukrainian people under the rule of Soviet Ukrainian people and of the liquidation of portunity for formal education, his genius, bolshevlsm in recent decades surpasses by the Ukrainian intelligentsia, a man who will his soaxing spirit, and his unshatterable far the agony they have known under pre forever be identified by history as "the faith enabled him to take the Ukrainian lan vious despots and conquerors. butcher of the Ukraine," was none Qther than guage, rough-hewn as it was at that time> I propose to relate this story briefly, know Nikita Khrushchev, the present Prime Min and convert it into a literary instrument as ing that my prose is inadequate to a theme ister of the Soviet Union. sensitive and as expressive as any of the which would have challenged Shevchenko But despite starvation and terror, the great world languages. · himself. Ukrainian people remained stubborn and Shevchenko had an ardent democratic and The chaos and disintegration that. reigned unyielding in their resistance. One wave of revolutionary faith. He ca]fed for an end to in Russia during the latter part of World War terror succeeded another-but still the. the degradi~g institution of serfdom. On I made possible the rebirth of an independ Ukrainians persisted. During World War II. the one hand, he appealed to the Ukrainian ent Ukraine, which called itself the Ukrain a mighty Ukrainian insurgent army rose up nobles to renounce their privileges and lib ian National Republic. Because they sought out of the soil of their tortured land, fight erate their serfs; on the other hand he ap their support, the Bolshevik! promised the ing with incredible heroism against. both the pealed to the peasants to renounce hatred right of self-determination to the subject Nazis and the Bolshevik!. For years after and vengeance. His appeal was for a world nationalities of the old Russian empire. On the close of World War II, the Ukrainian of equality and brotherhood, and in his December 17, 1917, almost immediately after guerrilla army continued to harass the Bol poem, "Epistle to My Country, Living, Dead, they seized powerr Lenin ofllcially recog shevik! and even to engage them in fixed and Unborn," he voiced his appeal in these nized the Ukraine as a sovereign and inde battles. words: pendent state. Let me quote the words of For the Ukrainian people, the life and •. Lenin on , this occasion because they con death struggle with Soviet imperialism has "Brothers, embrace the feeblest among you, never ceased. Even in exile, the Soviet ter That the mother may smile through her stitute the first of a thousand major acts of perfidy the Soviets have perpetrated over ror apparatus has pursued the leaders of the tears." the past four decades and a half. 1Jkralnian resistance movement. Their hired Shevchenko poured out his greatest pas · "We, the Soviet of PeoplE!'S Commissars," assassins have in recent years murdered Lev sion, however, when he addressed himself to said Lenin, "recognize the Ukrainian Na Rebet and Stepan Bandera, as they mur the theme of freedom and of his beloved tional Republic and its right to separate dered other Ukrainian leaders in exile after Ukraine. Although the English translation from Russia or to make an agreement with the close of World War I. . loses much of the force and flavor of the the Russian Republic for federative or other This ls the story of the Ukrainian people's original Ukrainian, I should like to quote to similar mutual relations between them. agony and of the unsurpassed heroism they you a. few lines from a song he wrote during Everything that touches national rlghts and have displayed in the fight for freedom. It his confinement in St. Petersburg: the national independence of the Ukrainian is a story to inspire us all-and one which I am convinced will some day terminate in "It makes no difference to me, people, we, the Soviet of People's Commis sars, accept clearly without limitations and the rebirth of the Ukrainian nation in a If I shall 11 ve or not in Ukraine- world of free and independent nations. No father will remind his son unreservedly." Or say to him, Repeat one prayer, One year later, in December 1918, the So It ls a story particularly appropriate to One prayer for him; for our Ukraine viet presented the Ukrainian Government tell at any ceremony commemorating the They tortured him in their foul lair. with an ultimatum; and when this ulti life and work of Taras Shevchenko. It makes no difi'erence to me, matum was rejected, the Red army swarmed Speaking at· the funeral of Shevchenko in If that son says a prayer or not. across the boundaries of the Ukraine. The. 1861, his contemporary, Kulish, -ventured the It makes great difference ·to me capital city of Kiev fell after a bloody strug prediction that "all that ls really noble in That evil folk and wicke·d men gle; and the Bolshevik!, when they entered the Ukraine. will gather under the banner of Atta.ck our Ukraine, once so free, the city, introduced a reign of indiscriminate. Shevchenko." This prophecy has already terror, massacring thousands of innocent been borne out. As they have gathered un And rob and plunder it at will. civilians on the street. · That makes great dlfi'erence to me." der the banner of Shevchenko in servitude But this was only the beginning of ·the and suffering, the Ukrainian people will, I Shevchenko to his people was many things. struggle. The battle between the people. am confident, still continue to gather under He was a.. bard in the tradition of the Ukrain of the Ukraine and the Soviet military forces the banner unfurled for them by their im-· ian kobzars, who chronicled the heroic deeds seesawed back and forth for almost 2 yeara. mortal national poet when the light of free of the Ukrainian ]>a.st. He was a natio.nal before the Ukrainian National Republic sue- dom again shines upon them. CIX--1419 22542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE November 20 In again hai11ng the memory of Taras empire builder, took over the -name "Rus'" it will cause. the ; flame of liberty and the Shevchenko, I qan think .of no more fitting. and called his domain Russia. Ukrainians desire for self-determination and freedom way of closing my remarks than by quoting adopted the name Ukraine, whose origin de to ~urn even brighter in.their hearts. a few lines from Shevchenko's prophetic rives from the Ukrainian word "krai," or Continued ~cts 9f recognition by our verse. country. Since the end of the 17th century Government will help to strengthen this de Ukraine has been divided between Poland sire for freedom. T.his is why .the passage "When will we receive our Washington, and Russia and later between Russia and of House Joint Resolution 174, sponsore<;l by With a new and,righteous law? Austria until the outbreak of World War I Congressman DuLsKI and providing for the And receive him we will some day!" and the establishment of the free and in issuance in 1964 of a Shevchenko champion I look forward to joining you again when dependent state of the Ukrainian people in of liberty commemorative stamp would be a this memorial to Taras Shevchenko, poet 1917. further recognition of the independent laureate of the Ukraine and one of Europe's At present Ukraine is nominally an in status of Ukraine by the American Govern great freedom fighters, is unveiled. dependent state, known as the Ukrainian So ment and the American people. viet Socialist Republic and one of the 16 The full import of Senator Donn's constituent republics of the U.S.S.R., and a BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO address is seen against a brief history of charter member of the United Nations. But Taras Shevchenko (1814-61) was the great Ukraine. Such a background is pro in reality Ukraine is a colony of Communist est of Ukrainian poets. vided by the Ukrainian Congress Com Russia, with Ukrainians being the largest . Of his 47 years, he lived 24 in serfdom, 10 mittee of America, an outstanding na captive people behind the Iron Curtain in m exile 3 % under Russian police supervision, tional organization of over 2% million· Europe. and only 9 as a man free to come and go as Americans of · Ukrainian ancestry. The UNITED STATES AND RECOGNITION OF UKRAINE he wished.. _ Ukrainian Congress Committee is the From 1840 on, his voice was raised in . poetr~ Mr. Speaker, the questions of "Why a for human liberty and against serfdom, for parent organization of the Shevchenko stamp?" and "Why a Shevchenko Free national independence of Ukraine and Memorial Committee of America which dom Library?" receive further .solid an against czarist Russian imperialistic rule, for was specifically established for the pur swers when one reads the theme de individualism and against tyranny. He loved pose of erecting the Shevchenko statue veloped by the Honorable Alvin M. his native Ukraine and· regarded Russia as a in Washington. A brief history of Bentley at the recent Shevchenko foreign country and a rapacious empire. Ukraine follows: groundbreaking ceremonies. To en During his free years Shevchenko fought for the rights of freedom for all mankind. BRIEi' HISTORY OF UKRAINE lighten further some of our citi~ens, I He met and became friends with Ira Aldridge, Area: 289,000 square miles (larger than submit Mr. Bentley's remarks on the a noted U.S. Negro actor who performed in Poland and Yugoslavia combined). "United States and Recognition of Europe and in czarist Russia. Shevchenko's Population: 45 million. Ukraine,'' and also a brief biography of works have been translated into more than Location: Southwestern part of the Taras Shevchenko, issued by the anti 40 languages. U.S.S.R., bounded on the west by Hungary, communist national American organiza CHRONOLOGY Rumania, and Poland, on the east by the tion, the Ukrainian Congress Committee In 1814: Born in Ukraine in serfdom Don region, on the south by the Black Sea, of America, and the Shevchenko Me (March 10). on the north, by Byelorussia, and on north morial Committee of America: In 1838: Freedom from serfdom bought for east by Russia. 2,500 rubles with the help of the painter Karl Ukraine has had three periods of- inde UNITED STATES AND RECOGNITION OJ' UKRAINE Btyulov. Shevchenko entered the Academy pendence: (Remarks by Hon. Alvin M. Bentley at of Art in St. Petersburg. 1. From the 9th century when its history ground-breaking ceremonies, held on Sat In 1840: Published a volume of poems began under the name "Rus" until the 13th urday, September 21, 1963, at the Shev called "Kobzar." Kobzars are folk bards who century when the country was plun_dered chenko Statue site in Washington, D.C.) keep alive the memory of heroic deeds of the and occupied by the forces of Genghis Khan Many people believe that U.S. foreign Ukrainian· past. This book immediately and his Mongol-Tatar successors. policy is solely the province of the execu made him the first poet of Ukraine. 2. During the 17th century when the tive branch of our Government and that Ip 1841.: Published "Haydamaky," his' Ukrainian people overthrew the Polish rulers Congress confines itself to voting appropria longest and greatest poem. : who had gained control of the country aftei: tions and ratifying treaties. This is usually In 1845: Graduated from the Academy of the Mongol-Tatars were defeated. This in the case, but not always. There are occa Art as a free arti&t. Found a position in the dependence ended in 1654 when Hetman sions w~en Congress actively asserts leader Archeological Commission and settled tn Bohdan Khmelnytsky made a treaty_ with ship in the creation of foreign policy and the Kiev, Ukraine. Moscow, on condition that Moscow would passage of Public Law 86-749 was one of In 1846: Took par-t in the Society of Sts. guarantee the autocracy of Ukraine. Mus these. Cyril and Methodius, organized to propagan covite troops settled in Ukraine to protect In authorizing the erection of this me dize against serfdom and to create a free Ukraine from the Poles but actually as occu morial to Taras Shevchenko for which we union of all Slavic peoples under a republi pation troops. During the occupation period break ground today, Congress was not only can form of government. the dream of an independent Ukraine was paying tribute which was both well deserved. In 1847: Arrested by the czar's police and kept alive in literature. A leader in the re and long overdue to a recognized champion. sentenced to serve in penal exile in the czar vival of the spirit of Ukrainian national inde of human liberty and freedom. We are all ist imperial army "under the strictest su pendence was Taras She"vchenko. familiar with the inspiration which Shev pervision with the prohibition of writing and 3. In March of 1917 the Ukrainians rose to chenko, a contemporary of Abraham Lincoln drawing." freedom and established their own independ-· and an admirer of George Washington, has In 1857: Pardoned by Czar Alexander Ii:, ent state by organizing the Ukrainian Cen given the people of his native Ukraine and· but remained under police supervision to the tral Rada, which became the nucleus of the freedom-loving peoples everywhere. · end of his life. Ukrainian sovereign state in modern times. But far more. important from. your stand-. In 1859: Visited Ukraine and freed· his On January 22, 1918, Ukraine declared its full point, Congress in 1960, by the passage o{ family from serfdom. independence and, as the Ukrainian National Public Law 86-749, took the initiative in one In 1861: March 9, died in St. Petersburg. Republic, was recognized by a number of phase of foreign policy by recognizing the (More · details; see "Europe's Freedom· European states, including Soviet Russia. independent existence of Ukraine as a sep Fighter, Taras Shevchenko," a documentary But immediately upon the recognition of arate entity, a separate people, a separate. bio~raphy of Ukraine's poet laureate and Ukraine as an independent state of the state. Congress stated and President Eisen national hero, H. Doc. 445, 86th Cong., 2d Ukrainian people, the Soviet Government hower, by his approval, ratified the recogni-· sess.) dispatched powerful armies against Ukraine, tion of Ukraine and its people as a separate, and after more than 3 years of valiant op SHEVCHENKO'S UKRAINE AND GEORGE disj;inct b~ing and demolished any confusion WASHINGTON position of the Ukrainian nation, the Bol about Ukraine being a part of Russia except sheviks succeeded in destroying the Ukrain insofar as bondage has created a relatfon-· The statue of Shevchenko to be erected ian National Government and its armies and ship. Whetber the State Department cares in Washington will symbolize an issue imposing a puppet Communist regime upon to admit it or not, it is now a historic fact far greater than just a statue honoring the country. In 1923 Ukraine was made an that in 1960 the U.S. Government oIDcially an immortal figure. Our American tra unwilling member of the Union of Soviet recognized ·the existence of a Ukrainian na dition clearly :nibbed off on Shevchenko Socialist Republics. But rule over foreign tion by approving this tribute to the greatest and the Ukrainian nation, and it was a affairs and most domestic matters was taken of Ukrainian heroes. most unique historical phenomenon for over by the Soviet Government in Moscow, Although many may not have recognized, which was, in effect, the Government of this fact, I did; and that is why I worked so Shevchenko to lean on our own George Russia. hard for the passage of the bill. The Rus Washington. This vitally important as The original name· of Ukraine was "Rus." sians recognized it too, which explains the pect was vividly portrayed at the ground The name of the lands ruled by Moscow had propaganda attacks on us for having passed. breaking ceremonies by Dr. Roman Smal been known as the Grand Duchy of Moscow this legislation. And I am certain that the Stocki of Marquette University. At this or Muscovy. Peter the Great, the Muscovite people of Ukraine also recognize it and that· point I wish to include his short address· 1963 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE 22543 on "Shevchenko,.s Ukraine and· Geor.ge of a Ukrainian poet and national · hero wllo editor of Freedom's Facts, a publication Washington," and also a ·release"by the clied lust- over 100 yea.rs ago. -He is Taras of the All-American Conference To two sponsoring organizations-··of · the Shevchenka. Combat Communism: In Moscow and Kiev Communist propa statue on the "Significance of the Me gandists have been working. to prove to 45 ALEXANDRIA, VA., morial Statue to ·Taras Shevchenko, million Ukrainians tha.t Shevchenko, the November n, 1963. Ukrainian Poet and National Hero": Ukrainian poet-hero of the 19th century, Mr. J. R. WIGGINS, having been ·a leader in. the fight against Editor,_ the Washington Post, SHEVCHENKO'S UKRAINE AND GEORGE" · Washington, D.C. WASHINGTON serfdom,. was, thus-, a Bolshevik who died before his time. DEAR MB. WIGGINS: Your editorials on t.he (Opening remarks by Prof. Roman Smal Shevchenko memorial statue have raised an Stocki, at the ground-breaking ceremony, In Washington, D.C., and elsewhere, those who oppose the Muscovite tyranny empha issue larger than any with which your edi held on Saturday, September 21, 1963, at torials have dealt. What image o:rthe United the Shevchenko site, Washington, D.C.) size that Shevchenko was a leader in the struggle for human liberty against all forms States- do we wish to proje.ct to the world Your Excellency, Most Reverend Arch- of tyranny, and sought national Ukrainian through the memorials. we raise in our Na.. bishop Mstyslav, honorable Senators and independence from Russian rule. tion's. Capital? Congressmen, Reverend Fathers, fellow Amer.-. Shevchenko expressed his yearning for Should it be an image of a provincial power leans of Ukrainian descent, Ukrainian exiles, Ukrainian independence and for the repub with its eyes turned inward upon its own and distinguished guests: llcan· form of government of the United domestic affairs and its own heroes alone? We have gathered today, from near and States, in these lines: Or, should it. not be an image of world lead far; in the Capital of the United States to ership ready and wllling to support those of break the ground for the monument of the "Ah, you miserable every nation who fight in a responsible way Bard' of· Ukraine, Taras. Shevchenko. And cursed crew, when will you breathe for human liberty and national independ In the dark ages of the Russian czars, in your last? ence? the year 1848, the famous Russian poet, Tyu_. When shall we get oursel_ves a Washington Our fate is unavoidably intertwined with chev, demanded as natural boundaries of the To pro~ulgate his new and rig;hteous law? the-fates of all other peoples. We can neither Russian empire the river and lands from· the But so~e day we, shall surely find the man!". ignore the oppressions they suffer, nor their Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China; _Shevchenko's stirring poetry foug;ht the, honest strivings for freedom and from from the Volga to the Euphrates, from the tyranny. Ganges to the Danube. He got· an answer. Russian czars who had enslaved Ukraine~e was a true revolutionary for human liberty It is in thia context that the Shevchenko Taras: Shevchenko condemned Russian im memorial will be raised on free soil in Wash periailsm and proclaimed an ideal for who, were he a-live today, would fight against as the totalitarianism and the tyranny of the ington, D.C., in May 1964·. By honoring the Ukraine, "the new and just law of George idealS' and goars of Shevchenko--whei is well' Washington;" commissars of the Soviet Union as. some poets in the U .S.S.R. are now doing. known to mllllons of peoples in Ukraine, Shevchenko believed in the ideals of the East-Central Europe, Russia, and the United American Declaration of Independence, the ACTION OF THE U.S. CONGRESS States-we tell the world that, as the fore ideals of freedom, human dignity,. inali:en. In commemoration of the tooth anniver most of the free nations, we a.re leaders. in able rights, and self-determination, not only sary of the death of Taras Shevchenko, the supporting and perpetuating the ideals of for Ukraine but for the people of all Eastern U.S. Congress held extensive hearings on human li_berty and national lb.dependence for Europe. Shevchenko's. life and works. These con all peoples everywhere. What more ftttrng He fought and suffered for the freedom of cluded With the passage in 1960 of a bill expression could be found than a poet and all nations enslaved by Russian imperialism ~ authorizing the erection of a statue of the artls.t who fought for freedom with imple from Finland to the Caucasus, from Poland poet on publ:ic grounds in Washington, D.C., ments- of the mind and of the spirit rather to the Turkestan, including the oppressed "without expense to the United States." than with the sword?' Jews. President Dwight D. Etsenhower signed the la it this expression which you, an out But all of us who came to honor Shevchen .. bill into law. Americans of Ukrainian de standing. proponent Of freedom. !or the press ko cannot help but reflect on the present scent have raised over one-fourth of a mil and editor of a ma!or newspaper In a free tyranny, as Shevchenko's American program lion dollars to cover the cost of erecting the nation, wish to silence with _vague and un for Eastern Europe stlll is not realized. Its statue of Shevchenko. supported charges? Rather, It would seem :flnal and complete realization is the only The Russian Communists and their lack that someone on your staff has been misled way to a true peace in the world. eys in Ukraine have launched a wave of bit into opposing what: many peoples here and We are deeply grateful to the American _ter attack against the memorial statue to abroad clearly recognize as a dramatic ex Nation. and it.s: Congress which unanimously be unveiled at 22a and P Streets NW., Wash pression of America's unshakeable auppori passed the law calling for the erection of ·a. ington, D.c.; in May 1964, on. the basis that for human liberty and national independence monument to this fighter for ·Europe's free'" it promotes the independence of Ukraine for all peoples. dam, in Washington, D.C., the Capital of the from Russian overlordship. Sincerely, greatest democratic power in the worl~. We In the views of Dr. LeVI Dobrlansky, presi D. L. Mn.LER. are equally grateful to the President of the dent of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of United States of America and the U.S. Gov America, Communists are fearful of the de ernment for promptly endorsing the law. _ -THE STRANGE ·c-ASE OF PROFES We. are grateful to all our. distinguished sire of many Ukrainians to gain indepe~derice guest.a a_nd fellow Americans for coming to from Moscow and dread the psychological SOR BARGHOORN day to witness the beginning of the construc and political impact of the publlcity for The· SPEAKER pro tempare. Under tion of a permanent symbolic link of the city Shevchenko arising from the groundbreaking previous order of the House the-gentle of George Washington with Shevchenko's and the unveiling of the memorial statue in the Capital of the United States. man from Ohio [Mr. PEIGHANJ is recog 'Qkraine and tlle struggle :ror freedom of an nized for 5 minutes. - captive nations, and I Implore God Almighty In Dr. Dobrlansky's words, "The Commu to help us to .realize it. nists cannot a:lford freedom, or even strong Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. ·Speaker, the (In Ukrainian). Faithful to the Testa. publicity about freedom. We in Amerlea strange case of Professor Barghoom and mony of Shevchenko we gathered here to cannot a:lford to be- without freedom." his vague reports to the press concern: day to -start the construction of his mQnu The erection of the .memorial statue to ing his recent detainment in Moscow ment--may the spirit of our F~ther bless Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet and na have given rise to· a great deal of specu our beginning. We remember and will neyer tional hero, ls an expression of American lation. forget his call: "Fight and you will gain devotion to human liberty and national in His first interview with the press, in the victory, because you are backed by God, dependence everywhere in the WO!ld. New Haven, Conn., created the impres truth, glory and the holy liberty." (Con BEYOND PAROCHIALISM tinuing in English.) Now it gives me great sion he was unwilling to criticize the pleasure to introduce our master of. cere In conclusion, one of the most solid Russians for his arrest: and detention. monies for . this historic . event. He 18 a results of this entire Shevchenko project This attitude of studied detachment fron;i former captain in, the U.S. Army, the supreme will be the_eventual _conquest by som.e the real implicatio~ of his arrest' and preeident of the _:okrainian Nation11tl Assocla: of our citizens of their lingering paro detention was accepted . as the reaction tion, executive vice pre81dent of the Ukrarn:.:. chialism concerning world figures and of a scholar who was overly tired from ia;i congress -committee .of AJJierica,- ·and ·world freedom. Such parochialism is in his· recent experiences. executive- director, of the Shevchenko Me excusable in these·grave days of the cold But his State Department press con• morial Committee of Americ.a: Mr. · Joseph _Le.sawyer. war and our struggle against. Soviet. Rus ference in Washington yesterday. as re sian imperialism. and -colonialism. In ported by the press has increased the SIGNll'ICANCE 01' ·THE MEMORIAL -STATUE- ·TO this regard i append to my ·remarks. an . amount of speculation on this strange TARAS .SHEVCHENKQ, UKRAIN~AN - PPET J.NB 'unpublished -1etter to the·-washington case. As .a recognized le~der of thought ~ATIONA_L H~RO Pos.t, wrltterl by a former -navai intel.:. ·among the ''Sovietofogists" and ••Krem• The United. States ·and Soviet Russia are ligence officer- and 'careful analyst- of- the linologists," who exercise- a heavY. influ w~glng a serfous tug of war over the memory Soviet Union, Mr. Donald L. Miller, the ence on our national policy toward· the 22544 CONGRESSIONAL - RE€0.R~-~ -R and include extra AGRICULTURAL AREAS SUFFER COOLEY] carried this·language: neous matter. ING FROM ECONOMIC DISASTERS (2) that the need for such credit in such The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there area is the result of a natural disaster, severe objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. Mr. production losses, or cultural economic con from Michigan? Speaker, I ask unaninious consent that ditions encountered in the area by the pro There was no objection. the gentleman from Maine CMr. McIN ducers of specified agricultural commodities Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, the niean TIRE] may extend his remarks at this and products. lngs we ascribe to words to some extent point in the RECORD and include extra This language was included in the bill condition our views on important affairs neous matter. H.R. 8230, ·passed by the House of Rep- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -=--HOUSE 22545 .resentatives ·on July 27, 1961. ·The Sen sian military forces are unified and dis- improper use of · congressional station ate version, S. 1643, carried ·only author ciplined under a single command which ery. Recently there. has been a great ity for natural disaster loans. . For the is not subject to veto · or change at the deal of ·discussion about so-called "con conference the House receded to the Sen local level. fiict of interest" in· regard to our public ate on this .provision and section ·32Ha) In.nuclear power, we cling to the ridic- servants. However, there are instances of Public Law 87-128, which is the pres ulous policy of secrecy in dealing with · when perhaps the service offered is not ent law, limited these emergency loans our NATO allies. We deny to the na- in the least improper, yet,the means used-, to natural dis'asters only. tions to whom ·we must look if a show- in the case of congressional stationery in Section 321 (a) ·of Public Law 87-128 down comes the know-how and weapons particular, carries with it certain im provides as follows: which we know the enemy already plication of infi~ence which, 1n itself, - (2) that t~e need· for such credit in such possesses. can be improper. area is the result of a natural disaster. As a miniµial first step toward It was recently· brought to my atten- - WHAT THIS DOES strengthening NATO,, we s_hould abandon tion that former Congressmen have Tlie lang\i.age of my blll is identical to this obsolete policy and sh.;tre weapons sometimes offered their services to busi that requested by the Kennedy admin~. and know-how -with our allies. Right ness firms · in regard to their dealings istration in 1961. It is similar in' pur this moment, without further delay, we with various Government departments pose to that .of legislatioµ requested by should provide them· with tactical nu- and agencies and in doing so used their the Eisenhower administration in 1959 clear weapons. old official stationery which carries the and 1960. . · This action would give our allies assur- letterhead of "Congress of the United The provision which is the heart of my ance that at least some of our nuclear States," "Ho.use of Representatives,'' or bill):1as passed the House of Representa.:.. power would be at their command in case "Senate of the United States." It seems tives on two · previous occasions-the of trouble. to ~e that this infers a possibility of Allott-Cooley bill ~in ' 1960 and ·as a part Under present circumstances, they influence which an ex-Congressman or of H.R. 8230 in 1961. · may properly wonder if we actually Senator should not use. In each of the previous instances, the would defend their cities with our nu- Therefore, my bill prohibits the use of Senate .has refused to accept the pro clear power. After all, they can point any envelope, letter paper, or other sta posal of the .House of Representatives, a with alarm · and concern to our weak tionery printed with the name of the version which would have permitted the followthrough in Cuba and Berlin, our "Congress of the United States" or "Sen Secretary of Agriculture to make FHA withdrawal of missiles from Italy and ate of the United States" in the solicita economic disaster loans. Turkey, and our avid :Promotion of a tion of services for remuneration of any nuclear test ban agreement with Russia. person in connection with any business NATO nuclear power is actually U.S. with or claim against the Congress of the DANGEROUS DELUSION ON NATO nuclear power and our nonnuclear United States or any court, office, de . Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. · Mr. friends in NATO know it. The other 14 partment, or agency of the United States. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that NATO nations have no way to commit Violation of this would incur a fine of not the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. FIND or control any part of this nuclear power. more than $500, or imprisonment of not LEY] may extend his remarks at this We treat them as if they were· irrespon- more than 6 ~onths, or both. point in the RECORD and include extra sible children. This bill may only be a small step, but neous matter. They are at the mercy of our own un':.. it could be an important one for we must The SPEAKER pro tempore . . Is there certain national policy and to a lesser all be concerned with keeping the dignity objection to the request of the gentleman degree, we are at the mercy of theirs. and integrity of the Congress of the from Michigan? We should replace the shifting sand United States at a high level. There was no objection. under NATO with a solid · foundation While this bill which I am introducing Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, Secre that will stand the test of time. today is not a conflict-of-interest bill as tary McNamara apparently is suffering such, I feel strongly that the Congress under the dangerous delusion that the PERSONAL EXPLANATION should face up to its responsibilities in present NATO structure is strong and this field and enact some meaningful durable. Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. Mr. legislation. The fact is NATO is built on sand, and Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Last August I introduced a bill, House the sand shifts with each wind that the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. BROM Resolution 498, which would set up a blows. The free-world alliance is today WELL] may extend his remarks at this Committee on Standards in the House of weaker than at any time since World point in the RECORD and include extra Representatives. This committee would War II. neous matter. receive in confidence complete financial Mr. McNamara would be wise to con The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there statements from every Member of Con centrate on building solid unity in NATO, objection to the request of the gentleman gress. If the committee determined that instead of emphasizing a detente with from Michigan? there might be a conflict of interest be the Soviet Union. , There was no objection. tween the Member's public duties and his I refer to Secretary McNamara's warn Mr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker, on private interests, he would be called be ing published today that the West should . yesterday, November 19, I was unavoid fore the committee to make an explana stop "deluding" itself with "obsolete ably absent from the House at the time tion. If the committee·thereafter found images" that the United States has over of rollcall No. 207 which was on the pub that the conflict had not been explained whelming nuclear power and Russia lic works appropriation. Had I been or resolved, it would make a report to the overwhelming armies. present I would have voted "aye." House containing such financial infor Mr. McNamara's appraisal of the rela - mation about the Member ·as the com- tive strength of NATO and Russia is mittee found results in the conflict of grossly misleading. NATO today is a ABILL TO 'PROIDBIT THE IMPROPER interest. The report might include other rapid.lY deterjorating paper alliance. Its USE OF CONGRESSIONAL STA- information filed with the committee military might is impressive only when TIONERY concerning the Member as the committee the parts are added together, as they Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. Mr. determined to be in the public interest. were by Mt. McNamara. · Speaker, I ~k unanimous consent .that This information could be considered by But the parts are not truly unified. the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.· TAFT] the House in determining the qualifica They are united only on papei:, and in a may extend his remarks at this point tions of the Member to be·seated. showdown each member of NATO-our in the RECORD · and include extraneous A committee along the lines I have selves included-will foliow the course of matter. proposed would be an effective safeguard action which at the moment seems to be The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there against conflict-of-interest problems, but most expedie:r;it. objection to the request of the gentleman the possible pressures and demagogic We cannot be certain, under-the pres from Michigan? temptations of general public disclosure ent NATO framework, that the 15 ·na There was no objection. · would largely be avoided. The Congress tions would act together if Khrushchev Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, today I in should study, and then act affirmatively pushes the button. ·By contrast, Rus- troduced a bill which would prohibit the on this legislation. / 2254(j CONGRESSIONAL RECOlID - HOUSE November 20 IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 9.140, 1964 PUB- the. gentleman from Tennessee CMr. brutality and, oppression than the Lat-. LIC WORKS APPROPRIATIONS BILL BROCK] may extend his remarks at.. this vians EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Accomplisliments of the ARA in the nearly 200 job&-virtually the entire em- We are all mindful of the enormous ployment of the town. tole played in health care by large hos- Evansville, Ind., Area As a result of ARA action, however, pitals which not only care for patients, the town immediately received a grant but also maintain extensive training and EXTENSION OF REMARKS for a new water system which would help research facilities. While we · must not OF prevent recurrence of .the great fire loss, underestimate the importance of these HON. WINFIELD K. DENTON and the company obtained a loan to re- institutions, too often we tend to overlook build the plant, thereby not only provid- the contributions of small, volun~ry, OF INDIANA ing continued employment for the origi- neighborhod hospitals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nal workers but also adding an addi- This month, the nonprofit hospital of Wednesday, November 20, 1963 tiorial 45 new workers. And all of this the Jacques Loewe Foundation, Brook Mr. DENTON. Mr. Speaker, if called was accomplished within 90 days after lyn,_ celebrates 'its second anniversary upon to do so, I could fill many pages the disastrous April 6 fire. under the auspices · of the Loewe of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in describ T~s type of program kindled the Foundation, a distinguished medical re ing the accomplishments of the Area Re adrenal glands of other communities search organization. Over the past 2 development Administration in my part in Clark County and today several other years, this fine hospital has served resi of Indiana. I want to be brief, however, projects have been instituted. These dents of the Flatbush section of the and point out only three of the many ac additional job-creating enterprises have borough in truly admirable fashion. complishments this agency has made in either been approved or are awaiting The hospital ·has steadfastly adhered my district. . final action by the ARA at this time. to its pledge to provide "round the clock" The first thing that ought to be pointed In another part of my district, in emergency medical service, for it -is out is the fact that the city of Evans Corydon, in Harrison County, the citi- keenly aware of the fact that about 800, ville, one of the largest cities in the Na zens and the businessmen of that coin- ·ooo people live in the immediate service tion to be placed on the ARA list of de munity saw the product of a persistent area of the hospital, but there are less pressed areas, is no longer on that list. e1Iort to make a vague industrial project than 1,000 care· beds available to them. No one single factor is responsible ex into a concrete enterprise through the Since it was acquired by the Loewe clusively for the radical improvement in ARA's application of the advice and Foundation, the hospital, under the ex Evansville's unemployment rate chang counsel of several Federal, ·state, and pert direetion of Administrator Robert ing from more than 10 percent a few local agencies. After several weeks of Forhman, has seen a steady upward years ago to about 3 percent today. But analysis and recommendations about climb in its census in almost every area the people of that city have given some supply, market, and management orga- of activity. In all its e1Iorts the hospital of the credit to ARA. Listen to what nization, ARA was able to approve a loan has maintained the highest possible the president of Evansville's Future, Inc., application for the Indiana Glass Sand health standards. a nonprofit organization for community Corp., fu develop deposits near Corydon In the coming year, a member of every development wrote to ARA last July: at Elizabeth, Ind. Here is a perfect ex- second f amlly in Brooklyn will be hos While we have undertaken the rehabili ample of a community knowing for years pitalized because of injury or sickness. tation of our community in t,he spirit and that its area contained adequate sand The hospital of the Jacques Loewe . determin~tion of self-help, the assistance deposits, but being unable to exploit the Foundation there!ore recognizes the need which we received from your Administra potential in i~s own backyard. to expand and modernize its facilities in tion was important and vital to our prog Without ARA's existence, no orga- order to better serve the community. ress. nized e:ffort would have been made to ini- Mr. Forhman, an astute and knowl The mayor of Evansville, Frank Mc tiate this project and to see it through edgeable ~inistrator, firmly believes Donald, in another statement, dated July all of the tedious, but neeessary steps so that a friendly, personal touch is as vital 29, 1963, told ARA that his city is now often required in the field of economic . to a patient's recovery· as any other on the road to real progress.· He said: development. -Today, as a result of such therapy or medication. This approach However, this progress would not have persistent e1Iorts by all concerned, Cory- has therefore ·characterized the· e:fforts been possible insofar as the construction of don now has a glass sand company di- _of th~ entire hospital sta:ff, and, I believe, needed basic facilities, which in turn pro rectly employing about 30 people and a the institution is to be saluted on its vided us the opportunity to gain new in nucleus around which other plants need- second anniversary for the eminent place dustry and new . jobs, without the assist ing this type of sand can be created. it has earned in Brooklyn's hospital cotn- _ance of ARA, and your kind consldera~io~. _munity. From my direct association with the sta:ff of ARA, I know that their :first and foremost goal is to repeat the Evansville Second Anniversary of Jacques Loewe Copperhill is Tennessee story. That is, to eliminate depressed Foundation areas from their list. I also know that · EXTENSION OF REMAR~S in Evansville and elsewhere in my dis EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF trict, before ARA came into being, I OF found much unemployment. Seven. of HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK the eleven counties in my district were HON. JOHN M. MURPHY OF TENNESSEE so-called distressed areas. Today, I find · OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF RE:Ji>RESENTATIVES new hope, new determination, and posi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive action. Wednesday, November 20, 1963 The families of New Providence, Ind., Wednesday, November 20, 1•963 Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, the State also know what I mean .by these words. Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. of Georgia~ is filing a suit before the In April of last year, the Borden Cabinet Speaker, under the le&tve to extend my U.S. Supreme Court making an unwar Co., located at New. Providence, was to remarkS in the RECORD, 1 would like to ranted claim to Tennessee territory. I tally destroyed by a fire. - That fire not salute the Jacques Loewe Foundation in . take this.. opportunity to put Tennessee only destroyed the physical plant of the Brooklyn on the occasion of its second on record as ready, willing, and able to building but it ·eliminated in one blow anniversary. · - maintain the right of our citizens to con-