Kollam and Ko Uddallūr
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ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF DRAVIDIAN TRIBES Vol I: Thematic Introduction Pp. 425, Rs. 950/- Vol. II: Ethnological Reports Pp. 405, Rs. 960/- Vol. III: Cis-Vindhyan Tribes Pp. 359, Rs. 870/- IJDL Vol. 44 No. 1 Annual Subsc riptio n: Rs. 600/ - Vol 39 No. 2 Website www.ijdl.org Email: [email protected] FEBRUARY 2015 A MONTHLY OF DRAVIDIAN LINGUISTICS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA KOLLAM AND KO UDD ALL Ū R CONTENTS (Continued from the last issue) Kollam and Ko ṭuallūr 1 nd Nicolo Conti of the 15 th century states that he visited a Report - 42 A.I.C.D.L. 2 Jjkjlkvlk sdjlfksdjlfk sdfsdf place Columguria situated at the mouth of a river Paluria at the Dr. Puthusseri Ramachandran 3 northerndfsdfjksdf mouth of which standshjdfhjsdfhj Kou all ūr. The other names honoured notedhjdfshjsdf above - Jangli, hjsdfhj Shinkali, dfhjhjsdfhjsdf Chinkali and Singuyli are not, in Books gifted by Prof. C.J. Daswani 4 jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk any hjsdfhjsdfway, connected dfhhjsdfhj with Kou ffall ūfr .f They f could not be treated & Prof. Tilottama C. Daswani dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk dfjkdkkd dkkdk dfkdfkdfū jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfkas alternantfsdfsdhfsdf dfjk sdfjkdjfknames fdhjdfjkdfjkof K o udfjkdjfk dfhjhjsdfall dfjkjkdjfkr. The present dfjkdjfk writer thinks New Life-Members 5 that they are related to Va ñci , a component of the place-name, dfjkdkkdsdfhjdjf dkkdk hjsdfhjdf dfkdfkdf jksdfjksdfjlk hjsdf sdfjksdjlfksdfhj dfjk Administrative Assistant - Vacancy 5 sdfjkdjfkTiruva ñdfjkdfjkcikku amdfjkdjfk, a suburb dfjkjkdjfk of Kdfjkdjfkou dfjkdkkdall ūr.7 dkkdk dfkdfkdfsdfhjhj jksdfjksdfjlk sdfhjsdfhj sdfjksdjlfk sdfhj dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk Seminars 6 ū dfjkdjfk Ko dfjkjkdjfku all dfjkdjfkr is remembered dfjkdkkd dkkdk in historydfkdfkdf as a glorious city (a) Language Disorders …. where the Perum āḷs settled and ruled over Kerala, and the Jews (b) Automatic Language Translation..\ hjsdfhjsdfj sdfhjsdfhj sdfhjhjsdf and Muslims migrated for the first time into the Indian DLA/ISDL Publications - Discounts 6 jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfkṭṭ peninsula.dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk It was dfjkdkkd here that dkkdk Cheran dfkdfkdf Cenku jksdfjksdfjlkuvan consecrated an 43 rd A.I.C.D.L. 6 sdfjksdjlfkidol of Pattini, dfjk sdfjkdjfk eulogised dfjkdfjk in the dfjkdjfk famous dfjkjkdjfk epic poem, dfjkdjfk Cilappatik āram , written by I ḷamkdfjkdkkdō Aṭ ikadkkdkḷ. dfkdfkThe glory of modern Kou all ūr lies in the imperial honours and attention df jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfkbestowed dfjkdjfk upon thedfjkdkkd Bhagavathi dkkdk templedfkdfkdf situated jksdfjksdfjlk there. sdfjksdjlfkOrigin: dfjkA Word sdfjkdjfk Clue dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk dfjkdkkd dkkdk dfkdfkdf jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjkIn fact, dfjkdjfk southern dfjkjkdjfk Kollam dfjkdjfk is a semi-islanddfjkdkkd dkkdk with Parav ūr and Na ṭaya a lake in the south, Arabian Sea in Please buy and recommend to others to buy the publications of DLA and ISDL. dfkdfkdfthe west jksdfjksdfjlk and A ṣṭ amu sdfjksdjlfkṭi lake in dfjkthe northsdfjkdjfk and dfjkdfjkeast as boundaries. The geographical nature of Kollam tempts one dfjkdjfkto believe dfjkjkdjfk that the dfjkdjfk present Kollamdfjkdkkd citydkkdk was underdfkdfkdf water in a remote past. Likewise, Kou all ūr also is a semi- jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfkisland. Itdfjkdjfk lies in thedfjkdkkd southern dkkdk part dfkdfkdf of Chettuv jksdfjksdfjlkāy island surrounded by the river Periyar in the south, Arabian Sea sdfjksdjlfkin the west dfjk andsdfjkdjfk extensive dfjkdfjk canals dfjkdjfk in thedfjkjkdjfk north dfjkdjfkand east. dfjkdkkd dkkdk dfkdfkdf jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk ū sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjkThe common dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfkfactor which dfjkdjfk appears dfjkdkkd in dkkdkboth place-names - Kollam and Ko u all r - is kolla(y) , a pure dfkdfkdfDravidian jksdfjksdfjlk word, which sdfjksdjlfk means dfjk‘high sdfjkdjfk ground’, dfjkdfjk‘a breach in a bank’. Koll + am is kollam where -am is a derivative dfjkdjfksuffix. kodfjkjkdjfkum + kolla(y)dfjkdjfk + dfjkdkkdūr is Ko udkkdk all ūrdfkdfkdf. koum means ‘severe’, ‘steep’, ‘intensive’ etc. ko um + kollay + jksdfjksdfjlkūr became sdfjksdjlfk ko umkollay dfjkū r sdfjkdjfkand later, dfjkdfjk by dropping dfjkdjfk y (a glide), became ko ukoll ūr and, finally, with nasal dfjkjkdjfkassimilation, dfjkdjfk the dfjkdkkd present formdkkdk K dfkdfkdfou all ūjksdfjksdfjlkr evolved ( ko um + kolla(y) + ūr > ko umkollay ūr > Kou all ūr). sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk dfjkdkkd Worddkkdk analysisdfkdfkdf givesjksdfjksdfjlk the clue sdfjksdjlfk that the dfjk places denomi nated by Kollam and Kou all ūr were the sdfjkdjfkoutcome dfjkdfjk of kolla dfjkdjfk caused dfjkjkdjfk by flooddfjkdjfk or dfjkdkkd intensive dkkdk earthquakes. Similar cases are not rare in this part of .the dfkdfkdfcountry jksdfjksdfjlk such as the sdfjksdjlfk formation dfjk of Vaippinsdfjkdjfk Islanddfjkdfjk of Cochin. The heavy flood of 1341 C.E. brought forth this dfjkdjfkisland. Sodfjkjkdjfk also is thedfjkdjfk case withdfjkdkkd Sherthalai dkkdk (Cdfkdfkdfērttala ), a place north of Alappuzha . No documentary evidence is jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk ū dfjkjkdjfkavailable dfjkdjfk regarding dfjkdkkd the origin dkkdk of dfkdfkdf Kollam jksdfjksdfjlkand Kou all r. The river burst out through flood or earthquake in a sdfjksdjlfkremote pastdfjk sdfjkdjfkcausing dfjkdfjkthe alluvial dfjkdjfk soil dfjkjkdjfk and other dfjkdjfk deposits to heap up in the southern part of Chettuv āy island and dfjkdkkda new dkkdklandscape dfkdfkdf thus formed adjacent to old Muziris was called Ko u kollay ūr and later Kou all ūr. The ancient Muziris lost its importance as a port city with the emergence of new land. Sand and stones thrown by the flood in the river-mouth of the Periyar swallowed the lagoon and, as a consequence, foreign trade through Muziris ended forever. Please buy and recommend the publications of DLA and ISDL to others. DLA and ISDL publications are now available at special discount. 1 sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk dfjkdkkd dkkdk Website: www.ijdl.org dfkdfkdfDLA News jksdfjksdfjlk Vol. 39 February sdfjksdjlfk 2015 dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk E-mail: [email protected] dfjkdjfk dfjkjkdjfk dfjkdjfk dfjkdkkd dkkdk dfkdfkdf jksdfjksdfjlk sdfjksdjlfk dfjk sdfjkdjfk dfjkdfjk dfjkdjfk Thus, it may be concluded that both Kollam ‘Muziris’ became extinct in due course and, in that and Kou all ūr mean the land of kolla or the land place, the word Kou all ūr came forth. The word formed by kolla . K ou all ūr came only after the formation of kolla in the southern part of Chettuv āy island. References Mucci i is the word in Malayalam to denote 7. Colonel Yule thinks that the name Shinkali or pseudostomos . Mucci i means ‘fissured upper lip Shigala was probably formed from Tiruvanchikulam. like that of a hare’. Greek navigators, who watched K.P. Padmanabha Menon. History of Kerala Vol. I. the seashore through binoculars from the anchored P. 313. ship, saw the river Periyar going to the sea through Appendix one or two tributaries which created a false-mouth appearance to them and they observed it as I. Regarding the etymology of Kollam , Dr. Caldwell pseudostomos in their language. The local name of gives the following remarks: the place from where the river Periyar falls into the a. From kolu , the ‘royal presence’ or ‘presence chamber’ sea was mucci i or muci i. Incidentally, the word or ‘hail of audience’, Kollam might naturally be a mucci i also denotes the meaning pseudostomos . derivative of this word; and, in confirmation, I find Muziris actually is a Hellanic version of the Malayalam that other residences of Malabar kings were also word mucci i or muci i. ū called Kollam . E.g. Kodungall r or Crangannuur. III. Chattampi Swamikal derives Kou all ūr from b. From kolu , the same word but with the meaning ‘a Ko umk ōlūr meaning ‘the place of slaughtering’. In the olden days, culprits might have been brought height’ or ‘high ground’- hence kollei , a very common word in Tamil for ‘dry grain field’, ‘a here for execution. Sri Chattampi Swami Satabdi backyard'. Kolli is also used by the poets, said to Sm āraka Grantham – Quilon. 1953. Pp. 123-125. be the name of a hill in the Chera country i.e., the IV. Ko ṭukōḷūr is the form found in Tamil sources Malabar Coast. (The Chera king has the name ā for this place. E.g. the Tamil epic Periyapur am Kolli Kavalan in Tamil annals.) Kolam in Tamil (A.D. 12). A certain Kodunk ōḷūran of Malanadu gifted has not the meaning of ‘pepper’; it means ‘beauty’ 40 Kalanju of gold for setting up a lamp in the and it is said that it also means ‘the fruit of the Tiruchanur Tiruvilankoil (near Tirupathi in Andhra jujuba’. Pradesh) in A.D. 936 (1-12) during the reign of ā c. It might possibly be derived from kol ‘to slay’; Parantaka I (907-953). Ko ṭuk l is the capital of kollami ‘slaughter’ or ‘a place where some slaughter Malayaman Tirumu ṭikk āri of Sangam times, situated happened’. on the banks of Pe ṇṇ iy āru near Tirukkoyilur ( Akam : 35: 14-16). Ko u(m) is a frequent prefix found in II. Dr. N.R. Gopinatha Pillai suggests the following Tamil and Malayalam place-names of very old origin. ū derivation for Kou all r. “It, I think, is derived E.g. Ko ṭuma ṇam ( Pati uppattu : 74: 5), Ko ṭuk ūr ū ū from an earlier Ko u all r (ko um + kola + r) the [ Ibid. : VIII Patikam : Line 12), Ko ṭump ālur (Cila- big river mouth, kolla is ma a ‘a floodgate’ ppatik āram : S-I.I. XXIII No. 131), Ko ṭump ālur ( Ibid. (Perspectives in Place Name Studies . P. 227). Vol. VII No. 398), Ko ṭuv ūrkku ṭipa ḷḷ i ( Ibid. Vol. Though kolla in Malayalam also denotes No. 469), Ko ṭuntu ai ( Kanyakumari Inscriptions ‘floodgate’, it is appropriate here to take it as ‘the Vol. V No. 1969-10), Ko ṭukaiyur (Chengalpet land emerged from flood’. In usages like kolla v īu, District), Ko ṭuv āy (Coimbatore District) etc. the speaker conveys the idea of throwing sand and Naduvattom Gopalakrishnan mud by water-course which normally occurs due to ND heavy rainfall.