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Lifetime Organophosphorous Insecticide Use Among Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 584 -- 592 & 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 1559-0631/12 www.nature.com/jes ORIGINAL ARTICLE Lifetime organophosphorous insecticide use among private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Jane A. Hoppin1, Stuart Long2, David M. Umbach3, Jay H. Lubin4, Sarah E. Starks5, Fred Gerr5, Kent Thomas6, Cynthia J. Hines7, Scott Weichenthal8, Freya Kamel1, Stella Koutros9, Michael Alavanja9, Laura E. Beane Freeman9 and Dale P. Sandler1 Organophosphorous insecticides (OPs) are the most commonly used insecticides in US agriculture, but little information is available regarding specific OP use by individual farmers. We describe OP use for licensed private pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) using lifetime pesticide use data from 701 randomly selected male participants collected at three time periods. Of 27 OPs studied, 20 were used by 41%. Overall, 95% had ever applied at least one OP. The median number of different OPs used was 4 (maximum ¼ 13). Malathion was the most commonly used OP (74%) followed by chlorpyrifos (54%). OP use declined over time. At the first interview (1993--1997), 68% of participants had applied OPs in the past year; by the last interview (2005--2007), only 42% had. Similarly, median annual application days of OPs declined from 13.5 to 6 days. Although OP use was common, the specific OPs used varied by state, time period, and individual. Much of the variability in OP use was associated with the choice of OP, rather than the frequency or duration of application. -
Combined Pre-And Posttreatment of Paraoxon Exposure
molecules Article Combined Pre- and Posttreatment of Paraoxon Exposure Dietrich E Lorke 1,2,* , Syed M Nurulain 3 , Mohamed Y Hasan 4, Kamil Kuˇca 5 and Georg A Petroianu 2,6 1 Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P O Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 2 Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Florida International University, University Park GL 495, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA; [email protected] 3 Bio Science Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Bio Sciences Block, CUI, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62/26, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] 6 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P O Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +971-2-501-8381 Academic Editors: Pascal Houzé and Frédéric J. Baud Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 25 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: Aims: Organophosphates (OPCs), useful agents as pesticides, also represent a serious health hazard. Standard therapy with atropine and established oxime-type enzyme reactivators is unsatisfactory. Experimental data indicate that superior therapeutic results can be obtained when reversible cholinesterase inhibitors are administered before OPC exposure. Comparing the protective efficacy of five such cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine, pyridostigmine, ranitidine, tacrine, or K-27), we observed best protection for the experimental oxime K-27. -
Biosensors for Detection of Organophosphate Exposure by New Diethyl Thiophosphate-Specifc Aptamer
Biosensors for Detection of Organophosphate Exposure by New Diethyl Thiophosphate-Specic Aptamer Napachanok Mongkoldhumrongkul Swainson Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Campus: Kasetsart University Chonnikarn Saikaew Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Campus: Kasetsart University Kanyanat Theeraraksakul Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Campus: Kasetsart University Pongsakorn Aiemderm Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Campus: Kasetsart University Rimdusit Pakjira Department of Disease Control Charoenkwan Kraiya Chula: Chulalongkorn University Sasimanas Unajak Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Campus: Kasetsart University kiattawee choowongkomon ( [email protected] ) Kasetsart University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-7859 Research Article Keywords: Aptasensor, organophosphate metabolites, diethyl thiophosphate, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis Posted Date: February 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-217995/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Biotechnology Letters on July 6th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03158-2. Page 1/17 Abstract Objective An aptamer specically binding to diethyl thiophosphate (DETP) was constructed and incorporated in an optical sensor and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to enable the specic measurement of DETP as a metabolite and a biomarker of exposure to organophosphates. Results DETP-bound aptamer was selected from the library using capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX). A colorimetric method revealed the aptamer had the highest anity to DETP with a mean Kd value (± SD) of 0.103 ± 0.014 µM. Changes in resistance using EIS showed selectivity of the aptamer for DETP higher than for dithiophosphate (DEDTP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP) which have similar structure and are metabolites of some of the same organophosphates. -
Optimization of Photochemical Decomposition Acetamiprid
Toolabi et al. AMB Expr (2017) 7:159 DOI 10.1186/s13568-017-0455-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Optimization of photochemical decomposition acetamiprid pesticide from aqueous solutions and efuent toxicity assessment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC using response surface methodology Ali Toolabi1, Mohammad Malakootian2,3, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian1*, Ali Esrafli4, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush1, Maesome Tabatabaei5 and Mohsen AskarShahi6 Abstract Contamination of water resources by acetamiprid pesticide is considered one of the main environmental problems. The aim of this study was the optimization of acetamiprid removal from aqueous solutions by TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite using the response surface methodology (RSM) with toxicity assessment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC. To obtain the optimum condition for acetamiprid degradation using RSM and central composite design (CCD). The magnetic TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized using co-precipitation and sol–gel methods. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized Fe 3O4 nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. In this study, toxic- ity assessment tests have been carried out by determining the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme reducing Resazurin (RR) and colony forming unit (CFU) methods. According to CCD, quadratic optimal model with R2 0.99 was used. By analysis of variance, the most efective values of each factor were determined in each experiment.= According to the results, the most optimal conditions for removal efciency of acetamiprid (pH 7.5, contact time 65 min, and = = dose of nanoparticle 550 mg/L) was obtained at 76.55%. Efect concentration (EC 50) for RR and CFU test were 1.950 and 2.050 mg/L, respectively. -
Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides
ORGANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE PESTICIDES What are ORGANOPHOSPHATE and CARBAMATE PESTICIDES? Organophosphates are phosphoric acid esters or thiophosphoric acid esters. When developed in the 1930s and 1940s, their original compounds were highly toxic to mammals. Organophosphates manufactured since then are less toxic to mammals but toxic to target organisms, such as insects. Malathion, dibrom, chlorpyrifos, temephos, diazinon and terbufos are organophosphates. Carbamates are esters of N-methyl carbamic acid. Aldicarb, carbaryl, propoxur, oxamyl and terbucarb are carbamates. Although these pesticides differ chemically, they act similarly. When applied to crops or directly to the soil as systemic insecticides, organophosphates and carbamates generally persist from only a few hours to several months. However, they have been fatal to large numbers of birds on turf and in agriculture, and negatively impacted breeding success in birds. Many organophosphates are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. How can people be exposed to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides? People can be exposed to organophosphates and carbamates pesticides through accidental exposure during use. People can accidentally inhale the pesticides if they are in an area where they were recently applied. The chemicals can be ingested with food or drinks that are contaminated. How can these pesticides exhaust affect my health? Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme found in the nervous system, red blood cells and blood plasma. These pesticides damage nerve function by acting as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the nervous system. Breathing - Short-term exposure can produce muscle twitching, headache, nausea, dizziness, loss of memory, weakness, tremor, diarrhea, sweating, salivation, tearing, constriction of pupils, and slowed heartbeat. Long-term exposure can produce delayed neurotoxicity, such as tingling and burning in the extremities. -
Insecticides
fY)I\) -;; ooo 3tfJ INSECTICIDES Extension Bulletin 387-Revlsed 1980 AGAfCULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Contents General precautions for using pesticides . 4 Safety precautions and first aid . 4 Minnesota poison information centers . 5 Protecting honey bees from insecticides . 6 Pesticide toxicity and LD 50's . • . • . 6 Acute oral and dermal LD 50's for insecticides . 7 Forms of insecticides . 8 Calculating dosage and rates of application . 9 Sprayer calibration . 11 Description of insecticides, miticides ........................... 12 Chlorinated hydrocarbons ................................. 12 Carbamates .............................................. 13 Organophosphates ........................................ 14 Sulfonates, carbonates, botanicals, and miscellaneous groups ... 18 Legal Restrictions on Use of Pesticides The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and the Minnesota Pesticide Act of 1976, require that those who use or supervise the use of certain pesticides with restricted uses must be certified. The labels of those pesticides with restricted uses will contain information regarding these restrictions. Be sure to read all labels thoroughly and use any pesticide for the crops and pests listed on the label only. Information about applicator certification may be obtained from your County Extension Director or the Minnesota Depmt ment of Agriculture. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the following pesticides for reshicted use: acrolein endrin mevinphos (Phosdrin) acrylonitrile ethyl parathion paraquat aldicarb (Temik) 1080 piclorarri (Tordon) allyl alcohol 1081 sodium cyanide alluminum phosphide (Phostoxin) hydrocyanic acid strychnine azinphos methyl (Guthion) methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) sulfotepp calcium cyanide methyl bromide tepp demeton (Systox) methyl parathion Authors of this publication are J. A. Lofgren, professor and extension entomologist; D. M. Noetzel, assistant professor and extension entomologist; P. K. Hareln, professor and extension entomologist; M. -
Organophosphate and N-Methyl Carbamate 03-12-2010.Xlsx
Product Name EPA Reg. No. Ingredients Registrant Signal Word AgriSolutions Actellic 5E 1381‐170 Pirimiphos‐methyl Winfield Solutions, LLC Danger Insecticide AgriSolutions Dimate 4E 9779‐273 Dimethoate Winfield Solutions, LLC Warning AgriSolutions Dimate 4EC 51036‐110‐9779 Dimethoate Winfield Solutions, LLC Warning Systemic Insecticide AgriSolutions Malathion 5 9779‐5 Malathion Winfield Solutions, LLC Warning AgriSolutions Phorate 20G 9779‐293 Phorate Winfield Solutions, LLC Danger/Poison AgriSolutions Yuma 4E Insecticide 62719‐220‐1381 Chlorpyrifos Winfield Solutions, LLC Warning Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble 66330‐233 AZM (Azinphos‐methyl) Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC Danger/Poison Carzol SP Insecticide in Water 10163‐265 Formetanate hydrochloride Gowan Company Danger/Poison Soluble Packaging Chemathoate Technical 4787‐7 Dimethoate Cheminova Inc [Third Party: Lewis & Harrison LLC] Warning Cheminova Dimethoate 4E 34704‐207‐67760 Dimethoate Cheminova Inc [Third Party: Lewis & Harrison LLC] Warning Cheminova Methyl 4EC 67760‐43 Methyl parathion Cheminova Inc [Third Party: Lewis & Harrison LLC] Danger/Poison Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 66222‐19 Chlorpyrifos Makhteshim‐Agan of North America Inc Warning Chlorpyrifos 4E AG 66330‐278 Chlorpyrifos Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC Warning Cobalt Insecticide 62719‐575 Chlorpyrifos, Gamma‐ Dow AgroSciences Inc Danger cyhalothrin Counter 15G Lock'n Load 5481‐545 Terbufos Amvac Chemical Corporation Danger/Poison Counter 15G Smartbox Systemic 5481‐545 Terbufos Amvac Chemical Corporation Danger/Poison -
Registration Division Conventional Pesticides -Branch and Product
Registration Division Conventional Pesticides - Branch and Product Manager (PM) Assignments For a list of Branch contacts, please click the following link: http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-contacts/contacts-office-pesticide-programs-registration-division Branch FB=Fungicide Branch. FHB=Fungicide Herbicide Branch. HB=Herbicide Branch. Abbreviations: IVB*= Invertebrate-Vertebrate Branch 1, 2 or 3. MUERB=Minor Use and Emergency Response Branch. Chemical Branch PM 1-Decanol FHB RM 20 1-Naphthaleneacetamide FHB RM 20 2, 4-D, Choline salt HB RM 23 2,4-D HB RM 23 2,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester HB RM 23 2,4-D, butoxyethyl ester HB RM 23 2,4-D, diethanolamine salt HB RM 23 2,4-D, dimethylamine salt HB RM 23 2,4-D, isopropyl ester HB RM 23 2,4-D, isopropylamine salt HB RM 23 2,4-D, sodium salt HB RM 23 2,4-D, triisopropanolamine salt HB RM 23 2,4-DB HB RM 23 2,4-DP HB RM 23 2,4-DP, diethanolamine salt HB RM 23 2,4-DP-p HB RM 23 2,4-DP-p, 2-ethylhexyl ester FB RM 21 2,4-DP-p, DMA salt HB RM 23 2-EEEBC FB RM 21 2-Phenylethyl propionate FHB RM 20 4-Aminopyridine IVB3 RM 07 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid FB RM 22 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide IVB3 RM 07 Abamectin IVB3 RM 07 Acephate IVB2 RM 10 Acequinocyl IVB3 RM 01 Acetaminophen IVB3 RM 07 Acetamiprid IVB3 RM 01 Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-, compd. with methanamine (1:1) HB RM 23 Acetic acid, trifluoro- FHB RM 20 Acetochlor HB RM 25 Acibenzolar-s-methyl FHB RM 24 Acid Blue 9 HB RM 23 Acid Yellow 23 HB RM 23 Sunday, June 06, 2021 Page 1 of 17 Chemical Branch PM Acifluorfen HB RM 23 Acrinathrin IVB1 RM 03 -
What Are the Main Sensor Methods for Quantifying Pesticides in Agricultural Activities? a Review
molecules Review What are the Main Sensor Methods for Quantifying Pesticides in Agricultural Activities? A Review Roy Zamora-Sequeira 1,* , Ricardo Starbird-Pérez 1, Oscar Rojas-Carillo 2 and Seiling Vargas-Villalobos 3 1 School of Chemistry, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago 30102, Costa Rica 2 School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica 3 Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +506-22106683 Academic Editor: Simone Morais Received: 31 May 2019; Accepted: 16 July 2019; Published: 23 July 2019 Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increase in pesticide use to improve crop production due to the growth of agricultural activities. Consequently, various pesticides have been present in the environment for an extended period of time. This review presents a general description of recent advances in the development of methods for the quantification of pesticides used in agricultural activities. Current advances focus on improving sensitivity and selectivity through the use of nanomaterials in both sensor assemblies and new biosensors. In this study, we summarize the electrochemical, optical, nano-colorimetric, piezoelectric, chemo-luminescent and fluorescent techniques related to the determination of agricultural pesticides. A brief description of each method and its applications, detection limit, purpose—which is to efficiently determine pesticides—cost and precision are considered. The main crops that are assessed in this study are bananas, although other fruits and vegetables contaminated with pesticides are also mentioned. While many studies have assessed biosensors for the determination of pesticides, the research in this area needs to be expanded to allow for a balance between agricultural activities and environmental protection. -
Toxicity and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Carbofuran and Terbufos Insecticides on Diabrotica Species
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1982 Toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition by carbofuran and terbufos insecticides on Diabrotica species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Barbara Ann Solheim Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Solheim, Barbara Ann, "Toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition by carbofuran and terbufos insecticides on Diabrotica species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) " (1982). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7542. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7542 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. -
Compounds/Target Lists Detail
1534 Willow Pass Road • Pittsburg • CA 94565-1701 McCAMPBELL ANALYTICAL INC. Toll Free Telephone: 877-252-9262 • Fax: 925-252-9269 Web: www.mccampbell.com • E-mail: [email protected] TARGET LISTS AVAILABLE FROM MAI FOR NITROGEN & PHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES N/P Pesticide CAS EPA 507 EPA 8141A (CTR List) EPA 8141A Compound Name Number Acephate 30560-19-1 zZ Alachlor 15972-60-8 z z zZ Ametryn 834-12-8 z zZ Aspon 3244-90-4 z Atraton 1610-17-9 z zZ Atrazine 1912-24-9 z z z Azinphos ethyl 2642-71-9 z Azinphos methyl (Guthion) 86-50-0 z Benfluralin (Benefin) 1861-40-1 zZ Bolstar (Sulprofos) 35400-43-2 z Bromacil 314-40-9 z zZ Bromophos 2104-96-3 zZ Butachlor 23184-66-9 z zZ Butylate 2008-41-5 z zZ Carbophenothion 786-19-6 z Carbophenothion methyl 953-17-3 zZ Carboxin 5234-68-4 z zZ Chlorfenvinphos 470-90-6 z Chloropropham 101-21-3 z zZ Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 zZ z z Chlorpyrifos methyl 5598-13-0 z Coumaphos 56-72-4 z Crotoxyphos 7700-17-6 z Crufomate 299-86-5 zZ Cycloate 1134-23-2 z zZ Demeton-O (Demeton isomer) 126-75-0 z Demeton-S (Demeton isomer) 8065-48-3 z Demeton-S sulfone 2496-91-5 zZ Deet (Off) (Dephere) 134-62-3 zZ Dialifor 10311-84-9 zZ Diazinon 333-41-5 z z z Dichlorofenthion 97-17-6 z Dichlorvos (DDVP) (Dichlorfos) 62-73-7 z z Dicrotophos 141-66-2 z Dimethoate 60-51-5 z z Dimethoate OA 1113-02-6 zZ Dioxathion 78-34-2 z Diphenamid 957-51-7 z zZ Diphenylamine 122-39-4 zZ Disulfoton (Di-Syston) 298-04-4 z z Disulfoton sulfone 2497-06-5 zX1 Disulfoton sulfoxide 2497-07-6 zX1 Ethalflurin 55283-68-6 zZ EPN 2104-64-5 z EPTC (S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) 759-94-4 z zZ Ethion 563-12-2 z Ethoprop 13194-48-4 z z 1534 Willow Pass Road • Pittsburg • CA 94565-1701 McCAMPBELL ANALYTICAL INC. -
Pesticides Were Considered Complete
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Azinphos-Methyl When EPA concluded the organophosphate (OP) cumulative risk assessment in July 2006, all tolerance reassessment and reregistration eligibility decisions for individual OP pesticides were considered complete. OP Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs), therefore, are considered completed REDs. OP tolerance reassessment decisions (TREDs) also are considered completed. Combined PDF document consists of the following: • Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides (July 31, 2006) • Azinphos-Methyl IRED UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative