Charms, Charmers and Charming Российский Государственный Гуманитарный Университет Российско-Французский Центр Исторической Антропологии Им

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Charms, Charmers and Charming Российский Государственный Гуманитарный Университет Российско-Французский Центр Исторической Антропологии Им Charms, Charmers and Charming Российский государственный гуманитарный университет Российско-французский центр исторической антропологии им. Марка Блока Институт языкознания РАН Институт славяноведения РАН Заговорные тексты в структурном и сравнительном освещении Материалы конференции Комиссии по вербальной магии Международного общества по изучению фольклорных нарративов 27–29 октября 2011 года Москва Москва 2011 Russian State University for the Humanities Marc Bloch Russian-French Center for Historical Anthropology Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Oral Charms in Structural and Comparative Light Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research’s (ISFNR) Committee on Charms, Charmers and Charming 27–29th October 2011 Moscow Moscow 2011 УДК 398 ББК 82.3(0) О 68 Publication was supported by The Russian Foundation for Basic Research (№ 11-06-06095г) Oral Charms in Structural and Comparative Light. Proceedings of the Con- ference of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research’s (ISFNR) Committee on Charms, Charmers and Charming. 27–29th October 2011, Mos- cow / Editors: Tatyana A. Mikhailova, Jonathan Roper, Andrey L. Toporkov, Dmitry S. Nikolayev. – Moscow: PROBEL-2000, 2011. – 222 p. (Charms, Charmers and Charming.) ISBN 978-5-98604-276-3 The Conference is supported by the Program of Fundamental Research of the De- partment of History and Philology of the Russian Academy of Sciences ‘Text in Inter- action with Social-Cultural Environment: Levels of Historic-Literary and Linguistic Interpretation’. Заговорные тексты в структурном и сравнительном освещении. Мате- риалы конференции Комиссии по вербальной магии Международного об- щества по изучению фольклорных нарративов. 27–29 октября 2011 года, Москва / Редколлегия: Т.А. Михайлова, Дж. Ропер, А.Л. Топорков, Д.С. Николаев. – М.: ПРОБЕЛ-2000, 2011. – 222 с. (Charms, Charmers and Charming.) ISBN 978-5-98604-276-3 Конференция проводится в рамках Программы ОИФН РАН «Текст во взаимодействии с социокультурной средой: уровни историко- литературной и лингвистической интерпретации». © Коллектив авторов, Текст, 2011 Preface This volume contains papers submitted to the international conference ‘Oral Charms in Structural and Comparative Light’ which is to take place on 27–29 October 2011 at the Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow). The conference is organized by the International Society for Folk Narrative Research’s (ISFNR) Committee on Charms, Charmers and Charming, the Marc Bloch Russian-French Center for Historical Anthropology of the Rus- sian State University for the Humanities, the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Rus- sian Academy of Sciences. The primary aim of the Committee on Charms, Charmers and Charming is the coordination of charm and incantation studies in different countries, the development of methods for their structural and typological description, and the publishing of international and local charms-indexes. With this goal in mind the Committee annually organizes conferences and prepares their pro- ceedings for publication. Previous conferences took place in London (2003, 2005), Pecs (2007), Tartu (2008), Athens (2009), and Bucharest (2010). The activities of the Committee are covered on its internet-site: http://www.isfnr. org/files/committeecharms.html. The conference will be devoted to problems of systematization and struc- tural and comparative analysis of charms in different ethnolinguistic tradi- tions, including Slavic, German, and Romance. The following questions were proposed for discussion: geography and history of the charms tradition, distribution of various charm types, possibilities for systematizing national charms corpora and for creating charms-indexes, charms and analogous ver- bal forms (Christian prayers and prayer-like charms, apocryphal prayers, curses, etc.), charms in oral and manuscript traditions, magical inscriptions on various objects, medieval amulets with charms in the archaeological re- cord, social functioning of the charm tradition, charms and their performers, the contribution of the church and clerics to the diffusion of charms, differ- ences between the Catholic and the Protestant churches in this respect, as well as between the Orthodox church and non-Christian confessions, psy- cho-social sources of suggestion; how do charms work? why are they rele- vant? practices of ‘charming with words’ in the contemporary society, re- cording charming acts on video and the relevance of these materials to charm studies. Papers for this conference were submitted by researchers active in the fields of folklore and medieval literature from Belgium, Croatia, Greece, Estonia, 5 Finland, Hungary, Northern Ireland, Latvia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and USA. The members of the Organising Committee are: Dr. Tatyana A. Mikhailova, Leading Research Fellow at the Department of Indo-European languages of the Institute of Linguistics RAS; Dmitry S. Nikolayev, Postgraduate Student at the Centre for Typological and Semiotic Folklore Studies RSUH; Dr. Jona- than Roper, Chair of the ISFNR’s Committee on Charms, Charmers and Charming, Senior Researcher at the Department of Estonian and Comparative Folklore of the University of Tartu (Estonia); Dr. Irina A. Sedakova, Leading Research Fellow at the Department of Typology and Comparative Linguistics of the Institute of Slavic Studies RAS; Alevtina А. Soloviova, Research Fellow at the Centre for Typological and Semiotic Folklore Studies RSUH; Dr. Andrei L. Toporkov (Chair), Correspondent-Member of the Russian Academy of Sci- ences, Lecturer at the Marc Bloch Russian-French Center for Historical An- thropology RSUH. 6 Предисловие В настоящем издании собраны доклады, предоставленные для междуна- родной научной конференции «Заговорные тексты в структурном и срав- нительном освещении». Время и место проведения конференции: 27–29 октября 2011, Россий- ский государственный гуманитарный университет (Москва). Организаторы конференции: Комиссия по заговорам Международного общества по изучению фольклорных нарративов (ISFNR), Российско- французский центр исторической антропологии им. М. Блока РГГУ, Ин- ститут языкознания РАН, Институт славяноведения РАН. Комиссия по заговорам Международного общества по изучению фольк- лорных нарративов (ISFNR) ставит своей целью координацию изучения ма- гического фольклора в разных странах, разработку методов системного опи- сания и изучения заговорной традиции, подготовку региональных и между- народных указателей заговоров. С этой целью Комиссия ежегодно проводит конференции и готовит к изданию их материалы. Предыдущие конференции состоялись в Лондоне (2003, 2005), Пече (2007), Тарту (2008), Афинах (2009), Бухаресте (2010). С деятельностью Комиссии можно познакомиться на ее сайте: http://www.isfnr.org/files/committee charms.html. Конференция посвящена проблемам систематизации, структурного и сравнительного изучения заговорно-заклинательных текстов разных этноя- зыковых традиций, в том числе славянских, германских и романских. На обсуждение вынесены вопросы: география и история заговорной тради- ции; распространение отдельных заговорных типов; возможности систе- матизации национальных корпусов заговоров и составления указателей; заговоры и смежные формы (церковные молитвы и заклинания, апокрифи- ческие молитвы, проклятия и т.д.); заговоры в устных и рукописных тра- дициях; магические надписи на различных носителях; средневековые аму- леты с заговорами в археологических материалах; социальное функциони- рование заговорной традиции; тексты заговоров и их исполнители; роль церкви и священнослужителей в распространении заговоров, различия в этом отношения между католицизмом, протестантизмом, православием и нехристианскими религиями; психосоциальные источники суггестии; как работают заговорные тексты? каковы причины их актуальности?; практики «зачаровывания» словом в современном обществе; видеофиксации заго- ворно-заклинательных актов и их значение для изучения традиции магиче- ского слова. 7 Для сборника материалов конференции прислали свои доклады специа- листы в области изучения фольклора и истории средневековых литератур из Бельгии, Великобритании, Венгрии, Греции, Сев. Ирландии, Латвии, Нидерландов, России, Румынии, США, Финляндии, Хорватии, Швейца- рии, Швеции, Эстонии. Оргкомитет конференции: Т.А. Михайлова, доктор филологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела индоевропейских языков Института языкознания РАН; Д.С. Николаев, аспирант Центра типологии и семиотики фольклора РГГУ; Дж. Ропер, доктор философии, председатель Комиссии по вербальной магии Международного общества по изучению фольклор- ных нарративов, главный научный сотрудник Кафедры эстонского и срав- нительного фольклора Тартуского университета (Эстония); И.А. Седакова, доктор филологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела типоло- гии и сравнительного языкознания Института славяноведения РАН; А.А. Соловьева, сотрудник Центра типологии и семиотики фольклора РГГУ; А.Л. Топорков (председатель), член-корреспондент РАН, доктор фи- лологических наук, профессор Российско-французского центра историче- ской антропологии им. Марка Блока. 8 Contents ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL TRADITIONS OF VERBAL MAGIC ALEXEY LYAVDANSKY (Moscow, Russia) Syriac Charms in Near Eastern Context: Tracing the Origin of Formulas.... 15 IDA FRÖHLICH (Budapest, Hungary) Incantations in the Dead Sea Scrolls ............................................................
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