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Thri, Iiasnj of the Convention, the Scruples of the Dual Monarchy Will b6o THrI, IIasn INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF DRUGS OF ADDICTION. [MARCH _4EIA J 21, 1914 THlE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF DRUGS tection of its own subjects, but that it must also assist the efforts of other countries by organizing international control OF ADDICTION.: over the traffic in these drugs; but we pointed out that, in order to give adequate effect to this prinlciple, a stubstantial As annonnced in the last number of tle JOUTItNAL a tlhird degree of unanimity among the nations of the world as to the International Opium Conference will assemnble at- the measures to be adopted was essential. We now claim that a Hague next May, on tlhe invitation of the Netherlands long step has been made towards the attainment of that Government, and Sir William and Mr. unanimity. The second Conference has served to review the Collinis, K.C.V.O., initernational and accelerate the pace. Max Muller, C.B., M.V.O., vill again be the delegates to position represent Great Britain. In the final protocol referred to is embodied a resolution It will be remembered that the uiiiderlying principle of the Conference whichl gave, as it were, a freslh point of wlhiel lhas inspired this internatiolnal movetnent is the departure over and above tlle procedure contemplated by control of the production and distribution not only of Article 23 of the Convention of 1912 already alluded to. opium, but of morplhine and cocaine and otlher drugs This resolution declared that: whliel may be thlovn to be liable to similar abuse. Should the signature of all the Powers invited in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 23 not be obtained by the 31st Thore has quite recently been presented to both Houses December, 1913, the Government of the Netherlands will of Parliamenit a wllite paper (Cd. 7276) wllicli throvs a immediately request the signatory Powers to appoint delegates good deal of light on the present position of the Inter- to proceed to the Hague to examine into the possibility of iiational Opiunm Convention of 1912. It contains the putting into effect the International Opium Convention of 23rd instructions given to the British delegates to the second January, 1912. International Conference lield at tlle Hague in Jtuly, 1913, From the enclosure contained in a letter from the Britislh the report of tlhe Britislh delegates of that Conference, the Minister at the Hague to Sir Edward Grey, dated January final protocol then drawn up, and some subsequent corre- 30tb, 1914, it appears that the onlv Powers which had been spondence betwveen the Britislh Minister to the Netlher- invited to sign the Convenution and had not done so by lands, the lHon. Sir Alan Johnstone, and Sir Ed^ward Grey. December 31st, 1912, wvere Austria-Hungarv, Turkey, From this parliamentary paper we learni how the twelve Servia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Uruguay, the last three lhad, signatory Powers to the original Convention grew to twenty- however, declared that they would shortly sign. Moreover, two by the commencement of the Second Conference, and seven signatory Powers had by the end of last year already to forty at the present time. The Britislh delegates were ratified the Convention, namely, Deniaark, Siam, instructed on June 30th, 1913, tllat tlley were to announce Guatemala, Honduras, Venezuela, the United States of that the moment was not then ripe for ratification of tlle America, and Portugal. It would therefore appear that Convention by His Majesty's Government. This, h-owever, the question of ratification by Great Britain mnst forth- was to be clearly intimated to imply not a refusal but a with be seriously considered, and the third Conference postponement, and nmeanwlhile the British delegates were will have to examine into the possibility of proceeding to instructed to use their best endeavours to secure the signa- put the Convention into force despite the abstention of ture of the Convention by those nationalities wlhich had Turkey and Servia, and possibly also of Austria-Hungary. tip till tlhenl failed to co-operate, or had even refused to sign We gather from the terms of the concluding paragrapli thle Conivention by means of the supplementary protocol of Article 23, and the first paragraphl of Article 24 of provided for tlle purpose. Indeed, it would appear tIlat the Convention that the coming into force of the Con- suLelh suspensory action on the part of Great Britain was vention will take plaee automatically three montlhs deemed likely to be more effective in securing almost after tlhe receipt of the last instrument of ratification worldwide co-operation than 'a possibly premature ratifica- of the signatory Powers. If, therefore, the ratifica- tion might prove to be. tions of all the forty-tllree Powers which have The report, signed by Mr. Max Mtiller and Sir William already signed, or have announced their intention to Collins, recites the procedure adopted by the Conference. sign the Convention, were deposited by the date of the It would appear that it soon became manifest that the assembly of the third Conference in May next, and evei great majority of the twenty-two countries represented if the three outstanding Powers were not in the mean. were ready to deposit their ratifications forthwith, but five while to sign and ratify, we may expect to see the Con- Powers, including France, Germany, Great Britain, and vention come into force, proprio motu, in August next. It Portugal, were not then willing to take that decisive step. would seem from the report of the British delegates thab This second Conference had been -called together by the difficulty of Austria-Hungary in agreeing to signature virtue of Article 23 of the Convention, whiclh provided was the assumed necessity of first introducing fresh legis- that: lation; it is therefore highly probable that, iniasmuch as In the event of the signatures of all the Powers not having it has been explained that legislation is consequent upon been obtained on the date of the 31st December, 1912, the ratification and not antecedent to signature and ratification Government of the Netherlands will immediately invite the of the Convention, the scruples of the dual monarchy will Powers who have signed by that date to appoint delegates to be removed. It may well be, therefore, that the Con- examine at the Hague the possibility of depositing their vention will come into force without the co-operation of r.tifications notwithstanding. Turkey and Servia. The abstention of these Powvers, botl The Conference had no difficulty in deciding that tllose producers of opium, is presumed to be owing to" economic Powers who were ready to make deposit of their ratifica- reasons, and the co-operatingPowers may have to consider tions should be at liberty to do so, notwithstanding tlle how far their non-inclusion will impair the value of tlle absence of the signatures to tIme Convention of certain of Convention and wlhat action may be advisable in con- the Powers wlhose co-operation had been invited. The sequence. remaining work of the Conference consisted principally in Behind and beyond the coming into force of the Con- classifying the abstaining Powers into certain groups vention, however, is the larger and far more difficult according to whether they had failed to sign by reason of question of enacting legislation, ordinances, or regula- misapprehension as to the fresh legislation that would be tions in tlle various countries to give both national and necessitated, or by reason of their co-operation being super- international effect to the operative articles of the Con- fluous in view of the stringent domestic laws already in vention. The bills, or projets de loi, are to be prepared force, or for any otlher reason, explicit or implicit, and in not later than six months after the Convention has come devising appropriate communications to meet the respective into force, and to be presented to the legislative bodies cases. The Britislh delegates in their report state: within the same period or in the session next following Ouir instructions were to direct our efforts to securing the co- the expiration of that period. It is finally contemplated that operation of the signatoryGovernments in such measures as a date shall be internationally agreed upon for the cominig in the opiniion of the delegates were most likely to induce those into of such counitries which, for one reason or another, had not yet signed operation legislative enactments. The task to sign the Conveiition without further delay, and thus enable of comparing and equating the statutes of more than forty Ills Majesty's Government to ratify. A perusal of the final nationalities will be one of considerable magnitude and protocol will, we think, show that we have succeeded in delicacy, and as regards our own country and the Britisl oarrying out our inistruictions to the letter.... In our report dominions and colonies it will imply a considerable volume an the work of the first Coniferenice we claimed to have estab- of new law. (i'fied a new principle of international morality in laying down entirely pharmacy We assume that the tit, in regard to the traffic in. these harmful drugs, it was ii6t departments concerned are already engaged in considering suifficient for -a particular State to take measures for the pro- and preparing tlhe draft bills that will be required for the Parliament as .well as -'5'See JOURNAL, February 3rd and December 7th, 1912; Mav 17th. Imperial for India 4nd_ our Crown July 19th. October 25th, and Decemb0her 20th. 1913 Colonies anu] nossessions in the Far East-.
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