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Ecology of the Naturalisation and Geographic Distribution of the Non-Indigenous Seed Plant Species Of Ecology of the naturalisation and geographic distribution of the non-indigenous seed plant species of New Zealand. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Hazel A. W. Gatehouse Lincoln University 2008 Appendix 7.1 List of wild non-indigenous seed plant species recorded by the year 2000 in New Zealand. The list is annotated with the naming authority, family, reference, status (N = fully naturalised, C = casual), environmental weed status (Y = Yes, N = No) (Howell, 2008), year of discovery and whether year is from a collection (c) or published list (l) (Max.), and latest year of absence assumed from published species lists (Min.) References that the numbers in the reference column refer are presented at the end of this Appendix. Species Authority Family Ref Weed Status Max Min Abelia x grandiflora (Andre) Rehder Caprifoliaceae 1, 5, 8 N C 1975 c 1957 Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl. Pinaceae 5, 7 N N 1990 c 1989 Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach Pinaceae 1, 4, 8 N N 1985 c 1981 Abutilon darwinii x Abutilon pictum Hook.f. & (Hook. & Arn.) Walp. Malvaceae 1, 4 Y N 1977 c 1957 Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet Malvaceae 1 N N 1970 c 1957 Abutilon megapotamicum A.St.-Hil. & Naudin Malvaceae 6, 7 N N 1994 c 1993 Abutilon megapotamicum x Abutilon pictum A. St.-Hil. & Naudin & (Hook. & Arn.) Walp. Malvaceae 1, 4 N C 1985 l 1981 Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Malvaceae 1, 4 N N 1978 c 1957 Acacia baileyana F.Muell. Mimosaceae 1 N N 1963 c 1957 Acacia dealbata Link Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1869 l 1867 Acacia decurrens Willd. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1879 l 1867 Acacia elata Benth. Mimosaceae 1 N N 1972 c 1957 Acacia floribunda (Vent.) Willd. Mimosaceae 1 N N 1953 c 1946 Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1896 l 1881 Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1899 c 1881 Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1918 l 1906 Acacia paradoxa DC. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1910 l 1906 Acacia parramattensis Tindale Mimosaceae 1 N N 1950 c 1946 Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don Mimosaceae 1 N C 1953 c 1946 Acacia pravissima F.Muell. Mimosaceae 8 N C 2000 c 1998 Acacia prominens A. Cunn ex G. Don Mimosaceae 27 N C 1981 c 1980 Acacia sophorae (Labill.) R.Br. Mimosaceae 7 Y N 1986 c 1980 Acacia stricta (Andrews) Willd. Mimosaceae 1, 4 N C 1987 c 1980 Acacia verticillata (L'Her.) Willd. Mimosaceae 1 Y N 1945 c 1944 Acaena agnipila Gand. Rosaceae 1 N N 1870 l 1867 Acaena echinata Nees Rosaceae 1 N C 1942 c 1940 Acanthus mollis L. Acanthaceae 1 Y N 1953 c 1946 160 Species Authority Family Ref Weed Status Max Min Acer cappadocicum Gled. Aceraceae 8 N C 1981 c 1969 Acer negundo L. Aceraceae 1 N N 1980 c 1957 Acer palmatum (Thunb.) Murray Aceraceae 1, 7 N C 1997 c 1996 Acer pseudoplatanus L. Aceraceae 1 Y N 1879 l 1867 Achillea filipendulina Lam. Asteraceae 1 N C 1955 c 1946 Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae 1 N N 1867 l 1855 Achillea nobilis L. Asteraceae 1 N C 1940 l 1922 Achillea ptarmica L. Asteraceae 1 N N 1956 c 1946 Achnatherum caudatum (Trin.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett Poaceae 3 N N 1997 c 1969 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1960 c 1957 Acicarpha tribuloides Juss. Calyceraceae 1 N C 1892 l 1881 Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Lamiaceae 1 N N 1869 l 1867 Acmena smithii (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry Myrtaceae 1 Y N 1967 c 1957 Aconitum napellus L. Ranunculaceae 1 N C 1903 l 1899 Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Asteraceae 1 N C 1955 c 1946 Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson Actinidiaceae 1 Y N 1963 c 1957 Aegopodium podagraria L. Apiaceae 1 N N 1947 l 1946 Aeonium arboreum (L.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 1 N N 1954 c 1946 Aeonium haworthii (Salm-Dyck) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 1, 4 N N 1954 c 1946 Aeonium undulatum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 1, 4 N N 1986 c 1984 Aeonium urbicum (C.A.Sm.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 1, 4 N N 1987 c 1984 Aeonium x floribundum A.Berger Crassulaceae 1, 4, 6, 8 N C 1986 c 1984 Aeonium x velutinum Praeger Crassulaceae 1 N N 1954 c 1946 Aesculus hippocastanum L. Hippocastanaceae 1 N N 1959 c 1957 Aesculus indica Colebr. ex Wall. Hippocastanaceae 5 N C 1991 c 1989 Aetheorhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass Asteraceae 9 N C 1970 c 1957 Agapanthus praecox Willd. Liliaceae 2 Y N 1952 l 1946 Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Lamiaceae 9 N C 1999 c 1998 Agave americana L. Agavaceae 2 Y N 1868 l 1867 Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae 1 Y N 1925 c 1922 Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae 1 Y N 1913 c 1906 Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Asteraceae 1 Y N 1887 c 1851 Agonis flexuosa (Willd.) Sweet Myrtaceae 8 N C 1987 c 1982 161 Species Authority Family Ref Weed Status Max Min Agonis juniperina Schauer Myrtaceae 1, 4, 8 N C 1937 c 1922 Agrostemma githago L. Caryophyllaceae 1, 7 N C 1869 l 1867 Agrostis capillaris L. Poaceae 3 Y N 1867 l 1855 Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. Poaceae 3 N N 1931 l 1922 Agrostis gigantea Roth Poaceae 3 N N 1883 c 1881 Agrostis stolonifera L. Poaceae 3 N N 1878 l 1873 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Simaroubaceae 1 N N 1980 c 1957 Aira caryophyllea L. Poaceae 3 N N 1869 l 1867 Aira cupaniana Guss. Poaceae 3 N N 1944 c 1940 Aira elegans Kunth Poaceae 3 N N 1954 c 1946 Aira praecox L. Poaceae 3 N N 1877 c 1872 Ajuga reptans L. Lamiaceae 1 Y N 1953 c 1946 Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. Lardizabalaceae 1 Y N 1940 l 1922 Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Mimosaceae 1, 7, 8 N N 1939 c 1922 Alcea ficifolia L. Malvaceae 1 N C 1958 c 1957 Alcea rosea L. Malvaceae 1, 8 N N 1957 c 1946 Alchemilla gracilis Opiz Rosaceae 1 N N 1976 c 1969 Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Euphorbiaceae 1 N N 1887 c 1851 Alisma lanceolatum With. Alismataceae 2 N N 1893 c 1881 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Alismataceae 2 N N 1929 c 1922 Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Brassicaceae 1 N N 1893 l 1881 Allium ampeloprasum L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1882 l 1881 Allium cepa L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1922 l 1906 Allium neapolitanum Cirillo Liliaceae 2 N N 1930 c 1922 Allium porrum L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1900 l 1899 Allium roseum L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1955 c 1946 Allium triquetrum L. Liliaceae 2 Y N 1899 l 1881 Allium vineale L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1868 c 1867 Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L.A.S.Johnson Casuarinaceae 1 N C 1972 c 1957 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Betulaceae 1, 4 Y N 1913 c 1906 Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Betulaceae 1, 4 Y N 1987 c 1982 Alocasia brisbanensis (F.M.Bailey) Domin Araceae 2 Y N 1867 l 1855 Aloe maculata (Aiton) Haw. Aloeaceae 2 N N 1882 l 1881 162 Species Authority Family Ref Weed Status Max Min Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Poaceae 3 N N 1935 c 1922 Alopecurus geniculatus L. Poaceae 3 N N 1841 l 1837 Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Poaceae 3 N N 1844 l 1837 Alopecurus pratensis L. Poaceae 3 N N 1869 l 1867 Alstroemeria aurea Graham Alstroemeriaceae 2 N N 1945 c 1944 Alstroemeria pulchella L.f. Alstroemeriaceae 2 N N 1971 c 1957 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Amaranthaceae 1 Y N 1906 l 1899 Alternanthera pungens Kunth Amaranthaceae 1, 4 N C 1966 l 1957 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1834 c 1832 Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Brassicaceae 1 N N 1879 l 1867 Alyssum saxatile L. Brassicaceae 1, 4 N N 1954 c 1946 Amaranthus albus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1868 l 1867 Amaranthus caudatus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1869 l 1867 Amaranthus cruentus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1977 c 1969 Amaranthus deflexus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1892 l 1881 Amaranthus graecizans L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1922 l 1906 Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1959 c 1957 Amaranthus lividus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1869 l 1867 Amaranthus powellii S.Watson Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1878 c 1869 Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1868 l 1867 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1970 c 1957 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae 1 N N 1867 l 1855 Amaryllis belladonna L. Liliaceae 2 N N 1926 l 1922 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Asteraceae 1 N N 1911 c 1906 Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. Asteraceae 1 N C 1950 c 1946 Amelanchier lamarckii F.G.Schroed. Rosaceae 1, 4, 6, 7 N C 1954 c 1946 Ammi majus L. Apiaceae 1 N N 1882 l 1881 Ammobium alatum R.Br. Asteraceae 1, 4 N C 1987 c 1969 Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Poaceae 3 Y N 1872 l 1867 Amsinckia calycina (Moris) Chater Boraginaceae 1 N N 1906 l 1899 Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae 1, 4 N N 1834 c 1832 Anagallis minima (L.) E.H.L.Krause Primulaceae 1 N N 1975 l 1957 Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitman Boraginaceae 1 N N 1967 c 1957 163 Species Authority Family Ref Weed Status Max Min Andropogon virginicus L. Poaceae 3 Y N 1976 c 1957 Anemone coronaria L.
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