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Formal and Informal Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett's
Journal of Literature and Science Volume 8, No. 1 (2015) ISSN 1754-646X Susan Pickford, “Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge”: 69-85 “I have no pleasure in collecting for myself alone”:1 Social Authorship, Networks of Knowledge and Etheldred Benett’s Catalogue of the Organic Remains of the County of Wiltshire (1831) Susan Pickford As with many other fields of scientific endeavour, the relationship between literature and geology has proved a fruitful arena for research in recent years. Much of this research has focused on the founding decades of the earth sciences in the early- to mid-nineteenth century, with recent articles by Gowan Dawson and Laurence Talairach-Vielmas joining works such as Noah Heringman’s Romantic Rocks, Aesthetic Geology (2003), Ralph O’Connor’s The Earth on Show: Fossils and the Poetics of Popular Science, 1802-1856 (2007), Virginia Zimmerman’s Excavating Victorians (2008) and Adelene Buckland’s Novel Science: Fiction and the Invention of Nineteenth-Century Geology (2013), to explore the rhetorical and narrative strategies of writings in the early earth sciences. It has long been noted that the most institutionally influential early geologists formed a cohort of eager young men who, having no tangible interests in the economic and practical applications of their chosen field, were in a position to develop a passionately Romantic engagement with nature, espousing an apocalyptic rhetoric of catastrophes past and borrowing epic imagery from Milton and Dante (Buckland 9, 14-15). However, as Buckland further notes, this argument – though persuasive as far as it goes – fails to take into account the broad social range of participants in the construction of early geological knowledge. -
Origin and Beyond
EVOLUTION ORIGIN ANDBEYOND Gould, who alerted him to the fact the Galapagos finches ORIGIN AND BEYOND were distinct but closely related species. Darwin investigated ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE (1823–1913) the breeding and artificial selection of domesticated animals, and learned about species, time, and the fossil record from despite the inspiration and wealth of data he had gathered during his years aboard the Alfred Russel Wallace was a school teacher and naturalist who gave up teaching the anatomist Richard Owen, who had worked on many of to earn his living as a professional collector of exotic plants and animals from beagle, darwin took many years to formulate his theory and ready it for publication – Darwin’s vertebrate specimens and, in 1842, had “invented” the tropics. He collected extensively in South America, and from 1854 in the so long, in fact, that he was almost beaten to publication. nevertheless, when it dinosaurs as a separate category of reptiles. islands of the Malay archipelago. From these experiences, Wallace realized By 1842, Darwin’s evolutionary ideas were sufficiently emerged, darwin’s work had a profound effect. that species exist in variant advanced for him to produce a 35-page sketch and, by forms and that changes in 1844, a 250-page synthesis, a copy of which he sent in 1847 the environment could lead During a long life, Charles After his five-year round the world voyage, Darwin arrived Darwin saw himself largely as a geologist, and published to the botanist, Joseph Dalton Hooker. This trusted friend to the loss of any ill-adapted Darwin wrote numerous back at the family home in Shrewsbury on 5 October 1836. -
Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19Th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology
Headwaters Volume 26 Article 14 2009 Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology Larry E. Davis College of St. Benedict / St. John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters Part of the Geology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Larry E. (2009) "Mary Anning of Lyme Regis: 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology," Headwaters: Vol. 26, 96-126. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/headwaters/vol26/iss1/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Headwaters by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LARRY E. DAVIS Mary Anning of Lyme Regis 19th Century Pioneer in British Palaeontology Ludwig Leichhardt, a 19th century German explorer noted in a letter, “… we had the pleasure of making the acquaintance of the Princess of Palaeontology, Miss Anning. She is a strong, energetic spinster of about 28 years of age, tanned and masculine in expression …” (Aurousseau, 1968). Gideon Mantell, a 19th century British palaeontologist, made a less flattering remark when he wrote in his journal, “… sallied out in quest of Mary An- ning, the geological lioness … we found her in a little dirt shop with hundreds of specimens piled around her in the greatest disorder. She, the presiding Deity, a prim, pedantic vinegar looking female; shred, and rather satirical in her conversation” (Curwin, 1940). Who was Mary Anning, this Princess of Palaeontology and Geological Lioness (Fig. -
An Investigation Into the Graphic Innovations of Geologist Henry T
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche Renee M. Clary Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Clary, Renee M., "Uncovering strata: an investigation into the graphic innovations of geologist Henry T. De la Beche" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 127. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/127 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. UNCOVERING STRATA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE GRAPHIC INNOVATIONS OF GEOLOGIST HENRY T. DE LA BECHE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Curriculum and Instruction by Renee M. Clary B.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1983 M.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1997 M.Ed., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1998 May 2003 Copyright 2003 Renee M. Clary All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments Photographs of the archived documents held in the National Museum of Wales are provided by the museum, and are reproduced with permission. I send a sincere thank you to Mr. Tom Sharpe, Curator, who offered his time and assistance during the research trip to Wales. -
Lyon Playfair: Chemist and Commissioner, 1818–1858
Science Museum Group Journal Lyon Playfair: chemist and commissioner, 1818–1858 Journal ISSN number: 2054-5770 This article was written by Ian Blatchford 05-04-2021 Cite as 10.15180; 211504 Research Lyon Playfair: chemist and commissioner, 1818–1858 Published in Spring 2021, Issue 15 Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15180/211504 Abstract Lyon Playfair was a multi-talented man: a scientist, administrator and politician whose life and influence deserve further research. This article concentrates on the period between 1818 and 1858, from Playfair’s birth to his appointment as Professor of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. His biographer (Sir Thomas Wemyss Reid) described his life as a ‘story not of adventure, but work’ and yet his record was one of energetic enterprise that had considerable impact. He was a rising star in the then fashionable world of chemistry, a favoured student of the founder of organic chemistry, Justus Liebig, and a central figure in the promotion of new ideas in agricultural science.[1] A career in science and the state saw him connected to the leading figures of both, and he played a crucial role in the conceptual and financial success of the Great Exhibition, and its legacy. His brilliance has been overshadowed by the extrovert Henry Cole, and yet Playfair was essential to the major educational reforms of their time. Component DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15180/211504/001 Keywords Lyon Playfair, chemistry, politics, biography, University of Edinburgh, Justus Liebig, Great Exhibition Introduction [2] Playfair was a versatile man: scientist, administrator and politician. This article concentrates on the period between 1818 and 1858, from his birth to his appointment as Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh. -
The Excavation of Mary Anning an Excerpt of a New Play by Ian August
The Excavation of Mary Anning an excerpt of a new play by Ian August Ian August PO Box 6206 Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 732-406-7451 [email protected] The Excavation of Mary Anning Although this excerpt includes only five parts, The Excavation of Mary Anning features 28 speaking roles. These roles are intended to be played by six actresses. A full cast list and track breakdown will be included with the full draft of the script. Cast of Characters: MARY ANNING – mid 20s, 19th century fossil hunter, low class TRAY – Mary’s faithful terrier ELIZABETH (BETSY) PHILPOT – 30s, Mary’s best friend and confidant, middle class REVEREND WILLIAM BUCKLAND – 60s, Priest, theologian, and amateur geologist—also Mary’s benefactor MISSUS – Actor portraying the assorted wives of the men at the helm of the Geological Society of London Place: Lyme Regis, Dorset, Southern England (and thereabouts) Time: 1821 - 1826 (and thenabouts) Notes on Casting: The cast should be comprised entirely of women for both male and female designated roles. Although Tray is a terrier, he should be portrayed onstage as an obedient little boy—not as a dog. No barking, please. SYNOPSIS: Amidst the groaning cliff sides and weather beaten shores of southern England, fossil hunter Mary Anning combs the earth for glimpses of the ancient past. Armed with only her determination, her lucky hammer, and her erstwhile companion, Tray, Mary uncovers secrets that redefine science and religion and philosophy. But 19th century geology is a nobleman’s game, and Mary’s discoveries are buried beneath the rubble while the stars of her male counterparts grow ever brighter. -
Newsletter of the History of Geology Group of the Geological Society
HOGG Newsletter of the History of Geology Group of The Geological Society Number 68 February 2020 Front cover WILLIAM AUGUSTUS EDMOND USSHER (1849‒1920), the centenary of whose death is remembered this year. Born in County Galway, Ireland in 1849, Ussher joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain (now British Geological Survey) in 1868 and spent his whole career (retiring in 1909) as a field and mapping surveyor. He is best known for his work in the south-west of England (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset), particularly his work on the Devonian, Carboniferous and Triassic strata. In 1894, he was awarded the Geological Society’s Murchison Medal. Many Survey maps and memoirs bear his name as does the Ussher Society founded in 1962 as a focus for geological research in south-west England. Originally published under the title Proceedings of the Ussher Society, its journal was renamed Geoscience in South-West England in 1998. Sources Anon. 1920. Obituary of Mr W. A. E. Ussher. Nature, 105, 144. Anon [R. D. Oldham] 1921. Obituary Proceedings of the Geological Society in Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 77, lxxiii‒lxxiv. British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/archives/pioneers/pioneers.cfc?method=search ¤tTab=tab_U Burt, E. 2013. W. A. E. Ussher: an insight into his life and character. Geoscience in South-West England, 13, 165‒171. Dineley, D. L. 1974. W. A. E. Ussher: his work in the south-west. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 3, 189‒201. House, M. R. 1978. W. A. E. Ussher: his ancestral background. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 4, 115‒118. -
The Beginning of Geological Mapping in England
The beginning of geological mapping in England John Henry The speaker has spent his professional life producing engineering geological maps from air photographs and satellite images for large construction projects. Although we take geological maps for granted now, supported by air photography, GPS, geophysics, frequent borehole cores and rapid communication, the first geologists did not have these advantages. Accurate maps produced by the OS were fundamental to the development of geology. De la Beche commented that finding a good base map was the first essential and such maps were very rare. Martin Lister (1630-1712) proposed to the Royal Society the production of a new map with legends showing sands and clays etc in a soil or minerals map in order to understand more as knowing soils at outcrop points to what is beneath. Christopher Packe (1686-1749) produced A new philosophico- chorographical chart of east Kent in 1743, the first geomorphological map, which showed the distribution of chalk, gravel and clay pits and soils at a scale of 1¼ miles to the inch. These iniatives led nowhere at the time. In the British Isles, geological mapping began with William Smith (1769-1839). His career began when he was apprenticed to a surveyor. His first solo job, in 1792-93 in Wiltshire, was to produce the High Littleton Estate map with detail of the villages. He was tasked to go down mines and measure sections. In the course of this work, he noticed differences in the fossils in different strata and that they were always in the same sequence in different shafts. -
Humphry Davy, Mining and the Sublime Landscapes of Cornwall
Journal of Literature and Science Volume 7, No. 1 (2014) ISSN 1754-646XJournal of Literature and Science 7 (2014) Trower, “Primitive Rocks”: 20-40 Shelley Trower, “Primitive Rocks”: 20-40 Primitive Rocks: Humphry Davy, Mining and the Sublime Landscapes of Cornwall Shelley Trower The newly established Geological Society of London, formed in 1807, set out as a primary purpose its ambition to produce a geological map of Britain. The editors of the first issue of the Society’s journal, Transactions of the Geological Society (1811), stated their hope that its members will continue to donate mineral specimens which will lay the foundations of such a map (“Preface” viii). A few years later, in 1814, a similar society was formed in Cornwall which then produced its own journal, Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall (1818), the first issue of which echoed the London version of Transactions, though on a smaller scale: “In the construction of a geological map of Cornwall, the Society has made considerable progress, and the Council trust that from the zealous and united exertion of its members, its completion may be confidently anticipated” (“Preface” viii). At this point the president of the London Society, George Bellas Greenough, was about to publish his Geological Map of England and Wales (1819), the result of a cooperative collaboration between the society’s members who sent in rock specimens from various localities throughout much of Britain. What such maps clearly highlighted were regional differences in geology, differences which formed a basis for understanding how particular regions were not only comprised of certain kinds of rocks but also exhibited other properties. -
Sir William Edmond Logan, Father of Canadian Geology: His Passion Was Precision
Sir William Edmond Logan, Father of Canadian Geology: His Passion Was Precision Charles H. Smith, Geological Survey of Canada (retired), Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 5P5, [email protected] illiam Edmond Logan (1798–1875) was a self-taught geologist who entered the geo- Wlogical profession following more than 20 years in accounting and copper-smelter management. His practice of geology arose from a desire to understand the sources of coal and ores. Because eminent British geologists recognized his abilities, he was selected (1842) to establish the Geological Survey of Canada. Logan directed the Survey for over a quarter of a century, and his achievements as a geologist, administrator, and force in Canada’s eco- nomic development gained him national and international renown. Early Years Logan at age 58. From a painting, Logan was born in 1798 in Montreal, the son of a prosperous baker and property by G.T. Berthon, commissioned by owner. Education was a priority for the family; at age 16, Logan was sent to high school in the Canadian Institute. Published Edinburgh, Scotland, where he excelled. At age 18, he enrolled in Edinburgh University, in Zaslow (1975). attending classes in logic, chemistry, and mathematics. Although his academic achieve- ment was high, he left after one year to follow commercial pursuits in London, in the counting house of his uncle, Hart Logan. First Job meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in Liverpool; the maps came to the attention of Henry De la Beche, From 1817 to 1831, Logan worked diligently in London, devel- director of the Ordinance Geological Survey of Great Britain. -
FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE MAPS JOURNAL of the INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY JUNE 2019 No.157 ISSN 0956-5728
157 INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY JUNE 2019 No.157 FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE MAPS JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY JUNE 2019 No.157 ISSN 0956-5728 ARTICLES John Phillips (1800–1874): The introduction of lithography in geological mapmaking in Great Britain 10 John Henry Mapping Nauru: A microcosm of imperialism 28 Alice Tonkinson and Robert Clancy REGULAR ITEMS A Letter from the Chairman 3 Editorial 5 New Members 5 IMCoS Matters 6 ICHC 2019, Amsterdam IMCoS September trip to Oxford Mapping Matters 40 Cartography Calendar 46 Exhibition Review: Imaginary Cities 48 Book Reviews 51 Shanghai chengshi ditu jicheng 上海城市地图集成 (Complete atlas of Shanghai antiquated maps) ed. by Sun Xun 孙逊 and Zhong Chong Scotland Defending the Nation, Mapping the Military Landscape by Carolyn Anderson and Christopher Fleet The Diaries of William Lloyd Holden, 1829 and 1830 ed. by Jonathan Pepler Atlas – A World of Maps From the British Library by Tom Harper Library Book Sale 61 Copy and other material for future issues should be submitted to: Editor Ljiljana Ortolja-Baird, Email [email protected] 14 Hallfield, Quendon, Essex CB11 3XY United Kingdom Consultant Editor Valerie Newby Designer Bobby Birchall Advertising Manager Jenny Harvey, 27 Landford Road, Putney, London SW15 1AQ United Kingdom, Tel +44 (0)20 8789 7358, Email [email protected] Front cover Detail of ‘Geological Please note that acceptance of an article for publication gives IMCoS the right to place it on our Map of the E. Part of Yorkshire’ by website and social media. Articles must not be reproduced without the written consent of the author John Phillips published in Part I of and the publisher. -
Lyell and the Dilemma of Quaternary Glaciation
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 Lyell and the dilemma of Quaternary glaciation PATRICK J. BOYLAN City University, Frobisher Crescent, London EC2Y 8HB, UK Abstract: The glacial theory as proposed by Louis Agassiz in 1837 was introduced to the British Isles in the autumn of 1840 by Agassiz and his Oxford mentor, William Buckland. Charles Lyell was quickly converted in the course of a short period of intensive fieldwork with Buckland in and around Forfarshire, Scotland, centred on the Lyell family's estate at Kinnordy. Agassiz, Buckland and Lyell presented substantial interrelated papers demonstrating that there had been a recent land-based glaciation of large areas of Scotland, Ireland and northern England- at three successive fortnightly meetings of the Geological Society of London, of which Buckland was then President, in November and December 1840. However, the response of the leading figures of British geology was overwhelmingly hostile. Within six months Lyell had withdrawn his paper and it had become clear that the Council of the Society was unwilling to publish the papers, even though they were by three of the Society's most distinguished figures. Lyell reverted to his earlier interpretation of attributing deposits such as tills, gravels and sands and the transport of erratics to a very recent deep submergence with floating icebergs, maintaining this essentially 'catastrophist' interpretation through to his death a quarter of a century later. Many paradigm shifts in the development of Agassiz and his 'Discours de Neuch~tel' presi- science (Kuhn 1960) have depended less on a dential address (1837) presenting the theory of a major, unexpected intellectual leap on the part of very recent major ice age to the SociEt6 Hrlvrtique some heroic scientific figure than on the sudden des Sciences Naturelles (Agassiz 1837, 1838).