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2. Medicinal Plants: Threats and Conservation Reactions 8 3 23104_MedicinalPlants:cov 7/11/08 15:12 Page 1 Contact information Applied Environmental Research Kunming Institute of Botany Tooro Botanical Gardens, Foundation (AERF), C-10 Natya Chitra (Applied Ethnobotany Research P.O. Box 840, Fort Portal, Uganda Co-op Society (Kalagram), Bhusari Colony, Group), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pune 411029, India. Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Uganda Group of the African www.aerfindia.org. People’s Republic of China. Network of Ethnobiology Email: [email protected] www.kib.ac.cn (UGANEB), P.O. Box 16453 Wandegeya, Uganda Ashoka Trust for Research in Ladakh Society for Traditional Ecology and the Environment Medicines (LSTM), P.O Box 97, Leh, World Wide Fund for Nature (ATREE), Eastern Himalayas Programme, Ladakh, Jamu and Kashmir, India, (WWF-Pakistan), Ferozepur Road, E2, Golden Heights, Gandhi Road, Tel +91 1982251 537. Lahore- 54600, P.O. Box 5180, Pakistan. Darjeeling 734 101, West Bengal, India. Email: [email protected] Tel: +92 42 111 993725. www.atree.org www.wwfpak.org National Museums of Kenya, Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Yangzhou University (College of (ESON), 107 Guchcha Marg, New Road, Tel +254 20 3742131. Bioscience and Biotechnology), GPO 5220, Kathmandu, Nepal. Fax + 254 20 3741424 . Yangzhou 225009, Jiang Su Province, Tel +977 16213406. www.museums.or.ke. People’s Republic of China www.eson.org.np Email: [email protected] Foundation for Revitalisation of NOMAD Recherche et Soutien Further information on the case studies is Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Internatonal, 11 rue Lantiez, 75017 available on Plantlife’s website: 74/2 Jarakabande Kaval, Post Attur, Paris , France. Via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, India. www.nomadrsi.org www.plantlife.org.uk www.frlht Plantlife International, Joint Ethnobotanical Research and 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury, Advocacy (JERA), P.O Box 27901, Wiltshire SP1 1DX, UK. Kampala, Uganda. Tel +44 (0)1722 342730. Fax: +44 (0)1722 Tel +256-712212006/+256-712747798. 329035. www.plantlife.org.uk. Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury Wiltshire SP1 1DX. Telephone +44 (0)1722 342730 Fax +44 (01722 329 035 [email protected] www.plantlife.org.uk Plantlife International -The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee. Registered charity Number: 1059559. Registered Company Number: 3166339 © 2008 MEDICINAL PLANTS IN CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Print: www.crownlitho.co.uk Design: www.rjpdesign.co.uk ISBN: 978-1-904749-15-8 23104_MedicinalPlants:cov 11/11/08 13:03 Page 2 References Plantlife International, the wild plant Acknowledgements The Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and 59. NCAPD. The Draft National Policy on Traditional 74. Martin, G. J. Ethnobotany: a Methods Manual 91. Kinhal, G. & Rao, R. J. (eds.) Adaptive Management conservation charity, is a charitable the Environment (ATREE) sincerely Medicine and Medicinal Plants (Ministry of Planning (Earthscan, London, UK, 1994). of Medicinal Plants and Non Timber Forest Products company limited by guarantee (Registered An international advisory group was formed acknowledges the co-operation of the Forest and National Development, Nairobi, Kenya, 2006). 75. Riley, B. W. & Brokensha, D. The Mbeere in Kenya II: (Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, in England, Charity Number 1059559, for the programme and has provided Department of Sikkim and the Forest 60. Simiyu, S. W. (International Development Research Botanical Identities and Uses (University Press of India, 2008). Company Number 3166339). Plantlife’s invaluable help, including specific suggestions Department of West Bengal for granting Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, 2006). America, Lanham, USA, 1988). 92. Tuxill, J. & Nabhan, G. P. People, Plants and Protected goal is to halt the loss of wild plant for proposals submitted to Plantlife for permission for their work. The Botanical Survey 61. Kariuki, P. M. Report on a Meeting on the Integration 76. Shah, A. et al. Delimitation of Taxus fuana Nan Li & Areas (Earthscan, London, UK, 2001). diversity. We identify and conserve sites of funding through Allachy Awards. The names of of India Himalayan Circle (Gangtok), Lloyd of the Network on Medicinal Plants and Traditional R.R. Mill (Taxaceae) based on morphological and 93. Law, W. & Salick, J. Comparing conservation Medicine into the East African Community Secretariat molecular data. Taxon 57, 211-222 (2008). priorities for useful plants among botanists and exceptional botanical importance, rescue members of the advisory group are listed on Botanical Garden Herbarium and the (Lake Basin Commission) (International Development 77. Shrestha, I. in Central Department of Botany Tibetan doctors. Biodiversity and Conservation 16, wild plants from the brink of extinction the title page. Plantlife International is Herbarium at North Bengal University were Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, 2007). (Trivhuvan, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2008). 1747-1759 (2007). and ensure that common plants don’t immensely dedicated to all of them for their immensely helpful in undertaking a preliminary 62. Sharma, U. R., Malla, K. J. & Uprety, R. K. 78. Chhetri, D. R. et al. Current status of 94. Cunningham, A. B. Applied Ethnobotany: People, Wild become rare in the wild. We achieve this unstinting support. screening of the habitats of the targeted Conservation and management efforts of ethnomedicinal plants in the Darjeeling Himalaya. Plant Use and Conservation (Earthscan, London, UK, by facilitating conservation work across species. Mr Bijoy Gurung, Director of the State medicinal and aromatic plants in Nepal. Banko Current Science 89, 264-268 (2005). 2001). Jankari 14, 3-11 (2004). 79. Gurung, B. The Medicinal Plants of Sikkim Himalaya 95. Walter, C. J. Adaptive Management of Renewable the globe, influencing policy and legislation Plantlife acknowledges with gratitude the Medicinal Plants Board (Government of Sikkim), 63. Pei Shengji, Li Yanhui & Yin Shuze. in The Challenges (Maples, Chakung, Sikkim, India, 2002). Resources (McMillan, New York, USA, 1986). and collaborating widely to promote wild foresight of Jane Smart in starting the Plant provided various types of help and is sincerely of Ethnobiology in the 21st Century (eds. Pei Shengji, 80. Biswas, K. Common Medicinal Plants of Darjeeling 96. WHO. Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection plant conservation. Plantlife International Conservation and Livelihoods Programme. acknowledged. Long, Y. G., Marr, K. & Posey, D. A.) 150-169 and Sikkim Himalaya (Bengal Government Press, Practice (World Health Organisation, Geneva, is the lead organisation for Target 5 of the Jane was the first Chief Executive of Plantlife (Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, West Bengal, India, 1956). Switzerland, 2003). Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. and is now Head of the Species Programme The Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) China, 1996). 81. Das, A. P. & Mandal, S. Some Medicinal Plants of 97. Oryem-Origa, H., Katende, A. B. & Kakudidi, E. K. We also provide the secretariat for Planta of the International Union for Conservation thanks the District Forest Office, Langtang 64. Goraya, G. S. (2006). Darjeeling Hills (WWF-India, West Bengal State Z. Some medicinal plants in Mukono District. The 65. Olsen, C. A. & Helles, F. Medicinal plants, markets and Office, Kolkata, India, 2003). Uganda Journal 49, 56-65 (2003). Europa, the pan-European network of over of Nature (IUCN). Another driving force National Park and Buffer Zone Council of margins in the Nepal Himalaya: trouble in paradise. 82. Rai, S. K. (North Bengal University, Bengal, India, 98. Tsouvalis, J. A Critical Geography of Britain's State 70 organisations working for plant behind the programme was the late Richard Rasuwa. Thanks are also due to Mr Kaisang N. The Geographical Journal 169, 243-254 (1997). 2002). Forests: an Exploration of Processes of Reality conservation. HRH The Prince of Wales is Sandbrook, a former Board member of Tamang (President, Manekor Society Nepal), Mr 66. Olsen, C. S. & Larsen, H. O. Alpine medicinal plant 83. Khan, A. A. & Sher, H. The Identification and Construction (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, our Patron. Plantlife and a visionary environmentalist. Binod Poudel (President, Federation of trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies. Conservation of Important Plant Areas for Medicinal 2000). Many thanks to Mark Nesbitt of the Royal Community Forest User Groups Nepal, Rasuwa The Geographical Journal 169, 243-254 (2003). Plants in the Himalayas: Pakistan. (2006). 99. CBD. Access and Benefit Sharing as related to Genetic Published 2008 by Plantlife International Botanic Gardens, Kew for undertaking Branch) and Ms Kabita Ghale (Social Mobilizer) 67. Olsen, H. O., Olsen, C. S. & Boon, T. E. The non- 84. Pei Shengji, Huyin, H. & Lixin, Y. The Identification Resources (Secretariat of the Convention on timber forest policy process in Nepal: actors, and Conservation of Important Plant Areas for Biological Resources, Montreal, Canada, 2002). © Plantlife International November 2008 literature searches on Plantlife's behalf. for their very active support and close objectives and power. Forest Policy and Economics 1, Medicinal Plants in the Himalayas: China (Kunming 100. Laird, S. A. (ed.) Biodiversity and Traditional cooperation. 267-281 (2000). Institute of Botany, Kunming, China, 2006). Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in
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