DOCSLIB.ORG

Cataract Surgery? P.2P26

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cataract Surgery? P.2P26 MASTERS OF SURGERY P. 62 • DEVELOPMENTS IN GENETIC TESTING P. 16 TELEMEDICINE IN PEDIATRIC RETINAL DISEASE P. 60 • WILLS EYE RESIDENT CASE SERIES P. 85 ARE TWO MIGS BETTER THAN ONE? P. 70 • NEW TARGETS FOR ALLERGY TREATMENT P. 66 Review of Ophthalmology Vol. XXII, No. 3 • March 2015 • Who’s Getting Femto Cataract Surgery • Are Two Cataract Surgery • Are Two Getting Femto Review of Ophthalmology Vol. XXII, 2015 • Who’s No. 3 • March March 2015 reviewofophthalmology.com CATARACT ISSUE Who’s Getting Femto Laser Cataract MIGS B MIGS Surgery? etter Than One? • New Targets for Allergy Treatment One? • New Targets etter Than P.2P2 6 What the Data Says About Femtosecond Cataract Surgery P. 36 Reader Survey: Cataract Surgery P. 44 001_rp0315_fc.indd 1 2/20/15 4:22 PM Cornea. Capsule. Lens. One optimized solution. Shown with the VERION™ Digital Marker Demand precision across the entire anterior segment. Part of The Cataract Refractive Suite by Alcon, the LenSx® Laser is designed to optimize performance across the entire anterior segment to deliver: • Precise primary and • Complete, reproducible • Versatile fragmentation secondary corneal incisions, capsulotomies with patterns and arcuate incisions pristine edges1 1. Alcon data on fi le. Visit LenSxLasers.com, or talk to your local Alcon representative about how the LenSx® Laser can help enhance the precision of cataract surgery with AcrySof® IOLs. © 2014 Novartis 11/14 LSX14078JAD COMPLETE PRECISION RP0315_Alcon Lensx.indd 1 2/9/15 2:23 PM ACRYSOF® IQ INTRAOCULAR LENSES IMPORTANT PRODUCT INFORMATION EVERY MONDAY CAUTION: FEDERAL USA LAW RESTRICTS THIS DEVICE TO THE SALE BY OR ON THE ORDER OF A PHYSICIAN. INDICATIONS: THE ACRYSOF® IQ POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS IS INTENDED FOR THE REPLACEMENT OF THE HUMAN LENS TO ACHIEVE VISUAL CORRECTION OF APHAKIA IN ADULT PATIENTS FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY. THIS LENS IS INTENDED FOR PLACEMENT IN THE CAPSULAR BAG. E-NEWS WARNINGS/PRECAUTIONS: CAREFUL PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND SOUND CLINICAL JUDGMENT SHOULD BE USED BY THE SURGEON TO DECIDE THE RISK/BENEFIT RATIO BEFORE IMPLANTING A LENS IN A PATIENT WITH ANY OF THE CONDITIONS YOU DESCRIBED IN THE DIRECTIONS FOR USE LABELING. CAUTION SHOULD BE USED PRIOR TO LENS ENCAPSULATION TO AVOID LENS DECENTRATIONS OR DISLOCATIONS. CAN STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COLOR VISION DISCRIMINATION IS NOT ADVERSELY AFFECTED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH THE ACRYSOF® NATURAL IOL AND NORMAL COLOR VISION. THE EFFECT ON VISION OF THE ACRYSOF® NATURAL IOL IN SUBJECTS WITH HEREDITARY COLOR VISION DEFECTS AND ACQUIRED COLOR VISION DEFECTS SECONDARY TO OCULAR DISEASE E.G., USE GLAUCOMA, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, CHRONIC UVEITIS, AND OTHER RETINAL OR OPTIC NERVE DISEASES HAS NOT BEEN STUDIED. DO NOT RESTERILIZE; DO NOT STORE OVER 45° C; USE ONLY STERILE IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS SUCH AS BSS® OR BSS PLUS® STERILE INTRAOCULAR IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS. ATTENTION: REFERENCE THE DIRECTIONS FOR USE LABELING FOR A COMPLETE LISTING OF INDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS. Have you been receiving and reading custom e-blasts from LENSX® LASER IMPORTANT PRODUCT INFORMATION Review of Ophthalmology? CAUTION: UNITED STATES FEDERAL LAW RESTRICTS THIS DEVICE TO SALE AND USE BY OR ON THE ORDER OF A PHYSICIAN OR LICENSED EYE CARE PRACTITIONER. If not, you’re missing out on INDICATION: THE LENSX® LASER IS INDICATED FOR USE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT SURGERY FOR REMOVAL OF valuable information! THE CRYSTALLINE LENS. INTENDED USES IN CATARACT SURGERY INCLUDE ANTERIOR CAPSULOTOMY, PHACOFRAGMENTATION, AND THE CREATION OF SINGLE PLANE AND MULTIPLANE ARC CUTS/INCISIONS IN THE CORNEA, EACH OF WHICH MAY BE PERFORMED EITHER INDIVIDUALLY OR CONSECUTIVELY DURING THE SAME PROCEDURE. You’re a busy practitioner and not surprisingly, your e-mail inbox is often full. Fortunately, when RESTRICTIONS: PATIENTS MUST BE ABLE TO LIE FLAT AND MOTIONLESS IN A SUPINE POSITION. PATIENT MUST BE ABLE TO you scan through the sender list, determining UNDERSTAND AND GIVE AN INFORMED CONSENT. PATIENTS MUST BE ABLE TO TOLERATE LOCAL OR TOPICAL ANESTHESIA. PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED IOP SHOULD USE TOPICAL STEROIDS ONLY UNDER CLOSE MEDICAL SUPERVISION. which messages to delete and which to save or read, you can feel confi dent knowing that e-blasts CONTRAINDICATIONS: CORNEAL DISEASE THAT PRECLUDES APPLANATION OF THE CORNEA OR TRANSMISSION OF LASER LIGHT AT 1030 NM WAVELENGTH. DESCEMETOCELE WITH IMPENDING CORNEAL RUPTURE. PRESENCE OF BLOOD OR OTHER from Review of Ophthalmology, a Jobson Medical MATERIAL IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER. POORLY DILATING PUPIL, SUCH THAT THE IRIS IS NOT PERIPHERAL TO THE INTENDED Information LLC publication, contain the most DIAMETER FOR THE CAPSULOTOMY. CONDITIONS WHICH WOULD CAUSE INADEQUATE CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE INTENDED current and comprehensive information available in CAPSULOTOMY DEPTH AND THE ENDOTHELIUM APPLICABLE TO CAPSULOTOMY ONLY. PREVIOUS CORNEAL INCISIONS THAT the fi eld to keep you on the cutting edge. MIGHT PROVIDE A POTENTIAL SPACE INTO WHICH THE GAS PRODUCED BY THE PROCEDURE CAN ESCAPE. CORNEAL THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS THAT ARE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE SYSTEM. CORNEAL OPACITY THAT WOULD INTERFERE WITH THE LASER BEAM. HYPOTONY OR THE PRESENCE OF A CORNEAL IMPLANT. RESIDUAL, RECURRENT, ACTIVE OCULAR OR EYELID DISEASE, Review of Ophthalmology’s online stable of prod- INCLUDING ANY CORNEAL ABNORMALITY FOR EXAMPLE, RECURRENT CORNEAL EROSION, SEVERE BASEMENT MEMBRANE ucts includes editorial newsletters and promotional DISEASE. HISTORY OF LENS OR ZONULAR INSTABILITY. ANY CONTRAINDICATION TO CATARACT OR KERATOPLASTY. THIS information about new products, treatments and DEVICE IS NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY. surgical techniques, as well as alerts on continuing WARNINGS: THE LENSX® LASER SYSTEM SHOULD ONLY BE OPERATED BY A PHYSICIAN TRAINED IN ITS USE. education courses for ophthalmologists. THE LENSX® LASER DELIVERY SYSTEM EMPLOYS ONE STERILE DISPOSABLE LENSX® LASER PATIENT INTERFACE CONSISTING OF Our FREE weekly e-newsletter, Review AN APPLANATION LENS AND SUCTION RING. THE PATIENT INTERFACE IS INTENDED FOR SINGLE USE ONLY. THE DISPOSABLES USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALCON® INSTRUMENT PRODUCTS CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE SURGICAL SYSTEM. USE OF of Ophthalmology Online, brings you DISPOSABLES OTHER THAN THOSE MANUFACTURED BY ALCON MAY AFFECT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND CREATE POTENTIAL the latest in ophthalmic research, as well HAZARDS. as industry news. In an eff ort to keep eyecare professionals informed, this resource is THE PHYSICIAN SHOULD BASE PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA ON PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE, PUBLISHED LITERATURE, AND waiting in your inbox every Monday morning. EDUCATIONAL COURSES. ADULT PATIENTS SHOULD BE SCHEDULED TO UNDERGO CATARACT EXTRACTION. PRECAUTIONS: DO NOT USE CELL PHONES OR PAGERS OF ANY KIND IN THE SAME ROOM AS THE LENSX® LASER. DISCARD Retina Online, our free monthly USED PATIENT INTERFACES AS MEDICAL WASTE. e-newsletter, is for retina specialists and AES/COMPLICATIONS: CAPSULOTOMY, PHACOFRAGMENTATION, OR CUT OR INCISION DECENTRATION. INCOMPLETE OR general INTERRUPTED CAPSULOTOMY, FRAGMENTATION, OR CORNEAL INCISION PROCEDURE. CAPSULAR TEAR. CORNEAL ABRASION ophthalmologists interested in OR DEFECT. PAIN. INFECTION. BLEEDING. DAMAGE TO INTRAOCULAR STRUCTURES. ANTERIOR CHAMBER FLUID LEAKAGE, enhancing their knowledge on the topics of retina ANTERIOR CHAMBER COLLAPSE. ELEVATED PRESSURE TO THE EYE. and related disease diagnosis and treatment, as ATTENTION: REFER TO THE LENSX® LASER OPERATOR’S MANUAL FOR A COMPLETE LISTING OF INDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND well as the latest in surgical procedures. PRECAUTIONS. Unfamiliar with our products? Visit www.reviewofophthalmology.com and check out our newsletter archives. Go to www.jobson.com/globalEmail/default.aspx to sign up for the e-newsletters that interest you. © 2014 Novartis 11/14 LSX14078JAD March 2012 | Revophth.com | 3 003_rp0315_ads.indd 3 2/20/15 3:21 PM 2015_RPonline_house_half.indd 90 2/12/15 2:43 PM REVIEW NEWS Volume XXII • No. 3 • March 2015 Kellogg Center Study Finds Generics Improve Adherence When patients with glaucoma switched the study had health insurance. ence, it may be a good idea to switch from a brand name drug to its ge- Dr. Stein and colleagues found from a brand name to a generic drug,” neric counterpart, they were more that patients who remained on advises Dr. Stein. He also encourages likely to take their medication as brand name drugs were 39-percent patients to ask their doctors if a ge- directed compared to those who re- more likely to experience a decline neric alternative is available and ap- mained on the brand name drug, ac- in adherence compared to those propriate for their circumstances. cording to a study published online who switched to the newly available in Ophthalmology. Researchers at generic drug latanoprost. The re- the University of Michigan Kellogg searchers cited several factors associ- Ranibizumab Eye Center and College of Phar- ated with improved adherence rates, macy studied medication adherence among them, the use of the generic Restores Diabetic rates 18 months before and after the drug once it became available and fi rst generic prostaglandin analogue lower copays after the generic drug Vision Loss glaucoma drug became available in became available. Ranibizumab, commonly used to treat March 2011. The Michigan researchers found age-related vision loss, also reverses Despite the potentially dire con- that black patients had decreased vision loss caused by diabetes among sequences for non-adherence, many adherence compared to white pa- Hispanic and non-Hispanic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Congenital Cataract
    3801 W. 15th St., Bldg. A, Ste. 110 Plano, TX 75075 Phone: (972) 758-0625 Fax: (972) 964-5725 Email: [email protected] Website: www.drstagerjr.com Congenital Cataract Your eye works a lot like a camera. Light rays focus through the lens on the retina, a layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye. Similar to photographic film, the retina allows the image to be “seen” by the brain. Over time, the lens of our eye can become cloudy, preventing light rays from passing clearly through the lens. The loss of transparency may be so mild that vision is barely affected, or it can be so severe that no shapes or movements are seen—only light and dark. When the lens becomes cloudy enough to obstruct vision to any significant degree, it is called a cataract. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can usually correct slight refractive errors caused by early cataracts, but they cannot sharpen your vision if a severe cataract is present. The most common cause of cataract is aging. Occasionally, babies are born with cataracts or develop them very early in life. This condition is called congenital cataract. There are many causes of congenital cataract. Certain diseases can cause the condition, and sometimes it can be inherited. However, in most cases, there is no identifiable cause. Treatment for cataract in infants varies depending on the nature of each patient’s condition. Surgery is usually recommended very early in life, but many factors affect this decision, including the infant’s health and whether there is a cataract in one or both eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Prominent and Regressive Brain Developmental Disorders Associated with Nance-Horan Syndrome
    brain sciences Article Prominent and Regressive Brain Developmental Disorders Associated with Nance-Horan Syndrome Celeste Casto 1,†, Valeria Dipasquale 1,†, Ida Ceravolo 2, Antonella Gambadauro 1, Emanuela Aliberto 3, Karol Galletta 4, Francesca Granata 4, Giorgia Ceravolo 1, Emanuela Falzia 5, Antonella Riva 6 , Gianluca Piccolo 6, Maria Concetta Cutrupi 1, Pasquale Striano 6,7 , Andrea Accogli 7,8, Federico Zara 7,8, Gabriella Di Rosa 9, Eloisa Gitto 10, Elisa Calì 11, Stephanie Efthymiou 11 , Vincenzo Salpietro 6,7,11,*, Henry Houlden 11 and Roberto Chimenz 12 1 Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (V.D.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (M.C.C.) 2 Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 3 Casa di Cura la Madonnina, Via Quadronno 29, 20122 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, Neuroradiology Unit, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (K.G.); [email protected] (F.G.) 5 Azienza Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Via San Martino, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; [email protected] 6 Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit,
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of PAX6 Mutations: from Congenital Cataracts to Nystagmus
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of PAX6 Mutations: From Congenital Cataracts to Nystagmus Maria Nieves-Moreno 1,* , Susana Noval 1 , Jesus Peralta 1, María Palomares-Bralo 2 , Angela del Pozo 3 , Sixto Garcia-Miñaur 4, Fernando Santos-Simarro 4 and Elena Vallespin 5 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (S.N.); [email protected] (J.P.) 2 Department of Molecular Developmental Disorders, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institue (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Bioinformatics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institue (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institue (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (S.G.-M.); [email protected] (F.S.-S.) 5 Department of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institue (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Background: Congenital aniridia is a complex ocular disorder, usually associated with severe visual impairment, generally caused by mutations on the PAX6 gene. The clinical phenotype of PAX6 mutations is highly variable, making the genotype–phenotype correlations difficult to establish. Methods: we describe the phenotype of eight patients from seven unrelated families Citation: Nieves-Moreno, M.; Noval, with confirmed mutations in PAX6, and very different clinical manifestations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pediatric Pharmacology and Pathology
    7/31/2017 In the next 2 hours……. Pediatric Pharmacology and Pathology . Ocular Medications and Children The content of th is COPE Accredited CE activity was prepared independently by Valerie M. Kattouf O.D. without input from members of the optometric community . Brief review of examination techniques/modifications for children The content and format of this course is presented without commercial bias and does not claim superiority of any commercial product or service . Common Presentations of Pediatric Pathology Valerie M. Kattouf O.D., F.A.A.O. Illinois College of Optometry Chief, Pediatric Binocular Vision Service Associate Professor Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children . Pediatric systems differ in: . The rules: – drug excretion – birth 2 years old = 1/2 dose kidney is the main site of drug excretion – 2-3 years old = 2/3 dose diminished 2° renal immaturity – > 3 years old = adult dose – biotransformation liver is organ for drug metabolism Impaired 2° enzyme immaturity . If only 50 % is absorbed may be 10x maximum dosage Punctal Occlusion for 3-4 minutes ↓ systemic absorption by 40% Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children . Systemic absorption occurs through….. Ocular Meds with strongest potential for pediatric SE : – Mucous membrane of Nasolacrimal Duct 80% of each gtt passing through NLD system is available for rapid systemic absorption by the nasal mucosa – 10 % Phenylephrine – Conjunctiva – Oropharynx – 2 % Epinephrine – Digestive system (if swallowed) Modified by variation in Gastric pH, delayed gastric emptying & intestinal mobility – 1 % Atropine – Skin (2° overflow from conjunctival sac) Greatest in infants – 2 % Cyclopentalate Blood volume of neonate 1/20 adult Therefore absorbed meds are more concentrated at this age – 1 % Prednisone 1 7/31/2017 Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children .
    [Show full text]
  • Congenital Ocular Anomalies in Newborns: a Practical Atlas
    www.jpnim.com Open Access eISSN: 2281-0692 Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine 2020;9(2):e090207 doi: 10.7363/090207 Received: 2019 Jul 19; revised: 2019 Jul 23; accepted: 2019 Jul 24; published online: 2020 Sept 04 Mini Atlas Congenital ocular anomalies in newborns: a practical atlas Federico Mecarini1, Vassilios Fanos1,2, Giangiorgio Crisponi1 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy 2Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Abstract All newborns should be examined for ocular structural abnormalities, an essential part of the newborn assessment. Early detection of congenital ocular disorders is important to begin appropriate medical or surgical therapy and to prevent visual problems and blindness, which could deeply affect a child’s life. The present review aims to describe the main congenital ocular anomalies in newborns and provide images in order to help the physician in current clinical practice. Keywords Congenital ocular anomalies, newborn, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, aniridia, iris coloboma, glaucoma, blepharoptosis, epibulbar dermoids, eyelid haemangioma, hypertelorism, hypotelorism, ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, dacryocystitis, dacryostenosis, blepharophimosis, chemosis, blue sclera, corneal opacity. Corresponding author Federico Mecarini, MD, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; tel.: (+39) 3298343193; e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Study of Paediatric Cataract and Visual Outcome After Iol Implantation
    IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 5 Ser. 13 (May. 2019), PP 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org Clinical Study of Paediatric Cataract and Visual Outcome after Iol Implantation Dr. Dhananjay Prasad1,Dr. Vireshwar Prasad2 1(SENIOR RESIDENT) Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna 2(Ex. HOD and Professor UpgradedDepartment of Eye, DMCH Darbhanga) Corresponding Author:Dr. Dhananjay Prasad Abstract: Objectives: (1) To know the possible etiology of Paediatric cataract, (2)Type of Paediatric cataract (3)Associated other ocular abnormality (microophtalmia, nystagmus, Strabismus, Amblyopia, corneal opacity etc.), (4) Systemic association, (5) Laterality (whether unilateral or bilateral), (6) Sex incidence (7)Pre-operative vision (8) To evaluate the visual results after cataract surgery in children aged between 2-15 years and (9) To evaluate the complication and different causes of visual impairment following the management. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 09-05-2019 Date of acceptance: 25-05-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. Material And Methods Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai (Bihar).The material for the present study was drawn from patients attending the out- patient Department of Ophthalmology for cataract management during the period from November 2012 to October 2014. 25 cases (40 Eyes) of pediatric cataract were included in the study. Patients were admitted and the data was categorized into etiology, age, and sex and analyzed. All the cases were studied in the following manner. Inclusion Criteria: • All children above 2 years of age and below 15 years with visually significant cataract.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comparison of Visual Acuity After Congenital Cataract Surgery Between Children ≤2 Years and >2
    71 BIOMOLECULAR AND HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL 2020 OCTOBER, VOL 03 (02) ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Comparison of Visual Acuity After Congenital Cataract Surgery between Children ≤2 Years and >2- 17 Years Adam Surya Romadhon1, Joni Susanto2, Rozalina Loebis3* 1Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Introduction: Congenital cataract is turbidity occurs in eye lens that present at birth or immediately Received 21 September 2020 after. We aim to find out visual acuity after congenital surgery between children under 2 years old Received in revised form 23 and 2-17 years old after following up 3, 6, 12 months October 2020 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were gathered from medical record of congenital Accepted 27 October 2020 cataract aged ≤2 years and >2-17 years including age of surgery, frequency of eyes, sex, laterality, Available online 31 October 2020 and visual acuity of patients with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). All data analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Keywords: Results: 41 children (67 affected eyes) in which 45 eyes that were operated at aged ≤2 years and 22 Congenital cataract, eyes were operated at aged >2-17 years. There was average difference of visual acuity between age Cataract surgery, group of ≤2 years and >2-17 years while following-up 3 months (1.60 ± 0.34 logMAR, 1.23 ± 0.67 Visual acuity.
    [Show full text]
  • An Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Ocular Manifestations of Congenitalrubella Syndrome in Omani Children
    EPIDEMIOLOGY An Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Ocular Manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Omani Children Rajiv Khandekar, MS (Ophth) PGDip Epi; Salah Al Awaidy, PGDip Epi; Anuradha Ganesh, MRCOphth; Shyam Bawikar, MD, MPH Objective: To conduct a follow-up study in patients with testing was possible in 16 children; 4 were bilaterally blind. congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Oman and ana- Patients who had undergone eye surgery had signifi- lyze the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders and associ- cantly lower visual acuity, as compared with those who ated systemic problems. had not undergone surgery (relative risk 2.53; 95% con- fidence interval, 1.07-6.13). Among the 11 patients with Methods: This historical prospective cohort study in- CRS with cataract, we found hearing loss, cardiac anoma- cluded review of 32 surviving patients with CRS re- lies, and neuropsychologic anomalies in 7, 4, and 6 chil- ported by the surveillance system in Oman from 1987 dren, respectively. through 2002. All patients underwent a complete oph- thalmic examination that included visual acuity estima- Conclusions: Congenital rubella syndrome has a wide va- tion, refraction and anterior and posterior segment evalu- riety of severe ophthalmic and systemic complications. High ation, and intraocular pressure measurement. Pediatric clinical vigilance for signs of CRS and regular observation and otorhinolaryngologic consultations were also per- of surviving patients with CRS is desirable. In patients with formed. cataract, the functional results of surgery, despite state-of- the-art ophthalmic care, continue to be poor. Because of a Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of CRS in Oman high prevalence of visual, audiologic, and neurologic dis- was 73.2 per million in the Omani population younger abilities, surviving patients with CRS pose a burden on the than 20 years, and the incidence was 0.6 per 1000 live medical and social communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Ophthalmic Ultrasound
    Policy: 94047 Initial Effective Date: 10/20/1994 SUBJECT: Ophthalmic Ultrasound - A-scan ultrasound biometry - A-scan ultrasound - quantitative Annual Review Date: 11/11/2019 - B-scan ultrasound - Corneal pachymetry - Optical coherence biometry Last Revised Date: 11/11/2019 Definition: Ophthalmic ultrasonography, also known as echography, uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to produce images of ocular structures. The two main types of ultrasound used in ophthalmologic practice are A-Scan and B- scan. Ophthalmic ultrasound includes the following techniques: • A-scan ultrasound biometry: A-scan (time amplitude scan) ultrasound is a one-dimensional recording of the time taken for echoes to be reflected back to the transducer from surfaces of the eye (cornea, anterior lens, posterior lens, and retina) with vertical spikes that correspond to each tissue interface zone. A-scan ultrasound can be performed using either an applanation or immersion technique. The applanation technique is performed using a probe placed directly on the surface of the cornea. The immersion technique involves placing a saline filled scleral shell between the probe and the eye. Intraocular lens power calculation is the determination of the appropriate intraocular lens prior to cataract surgery. Standard intraocular lens power formulas use axial length and corneal curvature along with an intraocular lens constant to predict postoperative intraocular lens position. Precise ophthalmic biometry is essential to achieve the desired refractive outcome in cataract surgery. In A-scan biometry, axial length is the distance between the corneal and retinal echo. • Quantitative A-scan ultrasound: The other major use of A-scan ultrasonography is to characterize the internal structure of intraocular and orbital lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Rare Case of Congenital Ocular Disease with Low Intelligence Level and Extremity Abnormalities in Two Siblings
    Int J Clin Exp Med 2017;10(9):13861-13867 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0056229 Case Report Rare case of congenital ocular disease with low intelligence level and extremity abnormalities in two siblings Yibing Zhang1, Yuan Hu2, Xiaoru Shi1, Hui Jia1 1Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; 2Department of Medi- cine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United State Received April 25, 2017; Accepted June 23, 2017; Epub September 15, 2017; Published September 30, 2017 Abstract: We report a case of concomitant congenital ocular disease, low intelligence level and extremity abnor- malities in two siblings. A 20-year-old Chinese male with distinctive craniofacial features and extremity abnormali- ties was diagnosed with bilateral keratoconus and congenital cataract. Craniofacial features included ptosis, small palpebral fissure, epicanthus, hypertelorism and a broad nasal bridge. He also suffered congenital deafness of uncertain etiology. His younger brother also had bilateral congenital cataract who similarly presented with hyper- telorism, a broad nasal bridge and extremity abnormalities. Both the siblings had a lower intelligence level than their contemporaries. We hypothesize that the two siblings have a distinctive phenotype, which may represent a previously undescribed syndrome. Keywords: Keratoconus, congenital cataract, extremity abnormalities, new syndrome Introduction by a basketball. We carried out a complete ocu- lar examination. His best-corrected visual acu- Keratoconus (KC) is characterized by apical ity (BCVA) was 0.02 in the right eye and count and paracentral thinning of the cornea. Some fingers in the left eye. Anterior segment slit- associations may point towards a common lamp examination showed that central corneal genetically determined cause; others may thinning with ectasia and posterior stromal stri- potentially cause corneal ectasia by recurrent ae (Vogt’s striae) occurred in both eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Impairment in Finnish Children
    DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN FINNISH CHILDREN Prevalence, causes and morbidity of full-term and preterm children with visual impairment born from 1972 through 1989 SIRKKA-LIISA RUDANKO ACADEMIC DISSERTATION TO BE PUBLICLY DISCUSSED BY PERMISSION OF THE MEDICAL FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI IN THE LECTURE HALL 2 OF BIOMEDICUM HELSINKI ON OCTOBER 19TH, 2007, AT 12 NOON HELSINKI 2007 Supervised by Professor Leila Laatikainen Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Reviewed by Professor Lotta Salminen Department of Ophthalmology University of Tampere Tampere, Finland Professor Olav Haugen Department of Ophthalmology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway Offi cial opponent Professor Maija Mäntyjärvi Department of Ophthalmology University of Kuopio Kuopio, Finland ISBN 978-952-92-2693-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-4196-9 (PDF) Helsinki University Printing House 2007 Contents ABBREVIATIONS. .7 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS. .9 ABSTRACT . 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 12 INTRODUCTION . 14 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 16 Prevalence of visual impairment in children . 17 WHO categories of children with visual impairment. 18 Gender distribution of children with visual impairment . 19 Diagnoses of visual impairment in children. 19 Optic nerve atrophy . 20 Inherited retinal dystrophies . 20 Congenital cataract . 23 Retinopathy of prematurity. 24 Cerebral visual impairment . 27 Colobomata . 28 Optic nerve hypoplasia . 29 Aniridia . 29 Etiology of visual impairment in children. 30 Genetic etiology . 30 Prenatal etiology . 31 Perinatal etiology. 33 Prematurity as the cause of visual impairment . 33 Infantile-juvenile and other etiologies of visual impairment. 34 Multiple impairment in children with visual impairment . 35 Congenital malformations in children with visual impairment .
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Disorders Associatedwith Cerebral Palsy
    Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.66.1.46 on 1 January 1982. Downloaded from British Journal ofOphthalmology, 1982, 66, 46-52 Visual disorders associated with cerebral palsy PETER BLACK From the Royal Air Force Hospital, Ely, Cambridgeshire SUMMARY School children severely afflicted with cerebral palsy, but unselected in regard to their visual status, have been studied. Of 120 children examined only 24 (20%) had normal eyes or ocular adnexae. Squint was found in 52*5% of the children and significant refractive errors in 50%. There was also a high incidence of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia (15%) and visual field defects (11%). A number of other ocular abnormalities were found, the majority of which were not amenable to any form of treatment. Early identification of treatable ocular defects and their treatment along conventional lines is emphasised. It is also important to identify untreatable defects that may have a bearing on the child's education. These children need all the help available, and visual function should be at its best. A diagnosis of cerebral palsy has usually been made by the time such a child reaches 18 months of age. In view of the high incidence of ocular defects a full ophthalmological assessment should be part of the routine assessment of the child. Cerebral palsy consists of a group of conditions of and yet the latter still does not seem to merit the different aetiologies but with distinctive clinical attention that it deserves. These multiple manifes- features. The motor abnormalities dominate the tations have led to the terms 'brain damage clinical picture and form the basis for the definition of syndrome'2 or 'perinatal encephalopathy'3 being cerebral palsy that is most widely quoted in the British used, which perhaps are apter descriptions.
    [Show full text]