SP's Aviation August 2010

SP’s An SP Guide Publication

News Flies. We Gather Intelligence. Every Month. From India. a-based buyer only) buyer 75.00 (Ind i a-based rs. Aviationwww.spsaviation.net AUGUST • 2010  IAF to get more AWACS  Military Aero Engines  Interviews with Lockheed Martin’s Ralph Heath & Boeing’s Chris Chadwick

Farnborough Airshow 2010 Iconic

RNI NUMBER: DELENG/2008/24199 PAGE 24 Show Answering the call with confidence. It’s in our power.™

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Military Engines SP’s An SP Guide Publication

Table of Contents News Flies. We Gather Intelligence. Every Month. From India. AviationIssue 8 • 2010

CEOSPEAK 28 Ralph Heath ‘We are the only provider of the fifth generation aircraft to the world’

OEM 30 Interview ‘We focus on the market through the eyes of our customers’

Interview 32 OEM ‘Reliability and maintainability: A400M, manufactured by Airbus Military, during an impressive two outstanding benefits’ flying display at the Farnborough Airshow 2010. T he aircraft 24 was rechristened – Grizzly Hall of fame 34 Lawrence Hargrave

First Lead Story Regular Departments 8 Transformer 5 A Word from Editor Iconic Show Tech watch Farnborough, the biggest air 6 NewsWithViews show of the year, witnessed 9 – Phantom Eye several new aircraft, new - Laser System to track – At an Advantage players and new orders. The Space Debris message was simple—aerospace - BAE Signs Deal with HAL good days are back. for 57 Jet Trainers Military • 10 InFocus 13 Technology SP’s AN SP GUIDE PUBLICATION More Eyes in the Sky Contemporary & Upcoming News Flies. We Gather Intelligence. Every Month. From India. RS. 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) BUYER 75.00 (INDIA-BASED RS. Aviationwww.spsaviation.net AUGUST • 2010 Forum  IAF to get 11 more awacs 17 Industry  Military Aero Engines  Interviews Defending the Airspace with Lockheed US Aerospace Majors Martin’s Ralph Heath and Boeing’s Chris Chadwick Part-III 36 NewsDigest

FARNBOROUGH INTERNATIONAL AIRSHOW 2010 20 Maritime Patrol Aircraft Iconic 40 LastWord Search at Sea RNI NUMBER: DELENG/2008/24199 PAGE 24 SHOW Amend Measures Cover Image: Civil Of the many spectacular displays during the Next Issue: Farnborough Air Show was the A400M by Business Aviation and Industry Airbus Military which was a crowd puller 23 Environment Boeing gung-ho about India Cover image: Abhishek Singh

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 1 Table of Contents

PLUS... Publisher And Editor-in-Chief design & LAYOUT Jayant Baranwal Senior Art Director: Anoop Kamath Designers: Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Executive Editor Sonu Singh Bisht Subir Ghosh DIRECTOR SALES & MARKETING Neetu Dhulia Assistant Group editor SALES & MARKETING R. Chandrakanth Head Vertical Sales: Rajeev Chugh Sales Manager: Rajiv Ranjan Senior Visiting Editor SP’s websites Air Marshal (Retd) V.K. Bhatia Sr Web Developer: Shailendra Prakash Ashish Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma Military Aero Senior Technical Group EditorS 13 Engines Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey © SP Guide Publications, 2010 Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Annual Subscription Inland: Rs 900 • Foreign: US$ 240 Copy editor Sucheta Das Mohapatra Email: [email protected]

Assistant Correspondent LETTER TO EDITOR Abhay Singh Thapa [email protected] [email protected] Assistant Photo Editor Abhishek Singh FOR Advertising details, contact: [email protected] Contributors [email protected] India [email protected] Air Marshal (Retd) N. Menon [email protected] Role of Maritime Group Captain (Retd) A.K. Sachdev SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Patrol Aircraft 20 Group Captain (Retd) Joseph Noronha A-133 Arjun Nagar, (Opposite Defence Colony) Europe New Delhi 110 003, India. Alan Peaford, Phil Nasskau, Tel: +91 (11) 24644693, Rob Coppinger 24644763, 24620130 Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 USA & Canada Email: [email protected] Sushant Deb, LeRoy Cook, Lon Nordeen, Postal address Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) Post Box No 2525 New Delhi 110 005, India. Chairman & Managing Director Jayant Baranwal Representative Office BENGALURU, INDIA ADMIN & COORDINATION 534, Jal Vayu Vihar Bharti Sharma Kammanhalli Main Road Bangalore 560043, India. Survi Massey Tel: +91 (80) 23682534

Interview with Lockheed Owned, published and printed by London, UK Martin’s Ralph Heath 28 Jayant Baranwal, printed at Shikha Thukral Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd and Area Sales Manager, Europe published at A-133, Arjun Nagar 64 Western Road, Southall Middlesex (Opposite Defence Colony), UB2 5DX, United Kingdom New Delhi 110 003, India. All rights Mob: +447404424208 reserved. No part of this publication may be MOSCOW, RUSSIA reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or LAGUK Co., Ltd., (Yuri Laskin) transmitted in any form or by any means, Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., photocopying, recording, electronic, or 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. www.spguidepublications.com otherwise without prior written permission Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762 of the Publishers. Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260

2 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net 277mm Bleed 267mm Trim 257mm Live 3_Boeing ad.indd 3 Scale: 1.0" = 1" = 1.0" Scale: 0 oitc porm aray n lc wt te .. ay Ida a as cut n h Spr ont to Hornet Super the on count also performance-based can award-winning India Navy, Boeing’s U.S. the come to by years for and now value savings—real and life-cycle with superior and readiness outstanding deliver capability place Supported advanced in mission. already of program, assured after logistics is India mission fighter, next-generation value, its proven as F/A-18IN the selecting By 25 3C 4C 50 5100 75 41M 50C 41Y 50K 4 % Output printed at: printed Output Production Artist: C y a n 2 Space/Color: 5 Frontline Communications Partners Communications Frontline % Retoucher: C y file Name: file a n 5 0 Media: Bleed: Fonts: % Date: If it is deficient or does not comply with your requirements, please contact: please requirements, your with comply not does or deficient is it If C Trim: Live: y a n 7 5 % C y Helvetica (Bold), Helvetica (Plain), Helvetica 65 Helvetica (Plain), Helvetica (Bold), Helvetica 197mm x 257mm x 197mm Page–4-Color–Bleed Full Aviation SP 100% BOEG_IDS_F18_1609M 1/28/09 D.Seymour 277mm x 220mm 267mm x 210mm a n Client: Client - Frontline Job # - 108339 Ver. - AD01 - Ver. 108339 - # Job Frontline - Client PUBLICATIONNOTE: 1 0 0 % C y a n 4 % M Boeing a g 2 5 220mm Bleed 220mm % Material for this insertion is to be examined carefully upon receipt. upon carefully examined be to is insertion this for Material M a g 5 Job Number: Job 0 % M Cyan a g Guideline for general identification only. Do not use as insertion order.insertion as use only.not identification Do general for Guideline 7 5 % M a g 1 0 210mm Trim210mm 0 % Magenta M a g 4 % Y e l o BOEG_IDS_F18_1609M 2 5 % Y e l o 80CnuyPr at ut 01 o nee,C 90067 1011,CA Los Suite Angeles, East, Park Century 1880 197mm Live 197mm 5 0 % Product: Yellow Y e l o 7 5 % Account Executive: Account Y e Creative Director: Creative l o TrafficManager: Print Producer: Print 1 0 0 Proof Reader: Proof % Digital Artist: Integrated Defense Systems Defense Integrated Copy Writer: Copy Art Director: Art Y e Black l o Art Buyer: Art 4 Vendor: % Print Production at 310-601-1485. at Production Print Client: B Legal: l k GCD: 4 3 3 % % % C Y M y e a a l g o n Schawk TraciBrown Boeing McAuliffe D. P.Serchuk J. Alexander P.Serchuk P.Serchuk 2 5 % B l k 2 1 1 5 9 9 % % % C Y M y e a a l g o n 5 0 % B l k 5 4 4 0 0 0 % % % C Y M y e a a l g o n 7 5 % B l k Date/Initials 7 Approved 6 6 5 4 4 % % % C Y M y e a a l g o n Bleed Trim Live 1 0 0 % 3/16/09 7:37:38 PM B l k . www.spsaviation.net READ SP’S AVIATION DOWNLOAD EXCLUSIVE MAGAZINE AS eBOOK CALENDARS FOR EVERY MONTH

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www.spsa vi Aviationation.net News Flies. W AN SP G  UIDE PUBL IAF to get ICA more awacs e Gather Intelligence. Every M TION  Military Aero Engines onth. From India.  Interviews with Lockheed Martin’s AU Heath and GUST • Ralph 2010 Boeing’s Chris Chadw ick

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SP’s AN SP GUIDE PUBLICATION

News Flies. We Gather Intelligence. Every Month. From India. RS. 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) BUYER 75.00 (INDIA-BASED RS. Aviationwww.spsaviation.net AUGUST • 2010  IAF to get more awacs  Military Aero Engines  Interviews with Lockheed Martin’s Ralph Heath and Boeing’s Chris Chadwick

FARNBOROUGH INTERNATIONAL AIRSHOW 2010 Iconic

RNI NUMBER: DELENG/2008/24199 PAGE 24 SHOW

WATCH EXHAUSTIVE EXCITING VIDEO LIBRARY OF FOOTAGES! PHOTOGRAPHS

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Winner of the last month’s poll: Deepthi D Nidwannaya Winners get one year subscription of SP’s Aviation magazine A Word from Editor With record numbers exhibiting and hundreds of thousands of visitors attending the public days of the event, the Farnborough show sent out a clear signal that the affection of the aerospace industry is strong as ever, and also that business is firmly back in its tracks

hen people who matter have something to say, about the unique C-17. Dunehew feels the Indian Air Force it is worth listening to. (IAF) can participate in Boeing’s Globemaster III Sustain- This issue of SP’s Aviation carries im- ment Partnership (GSP), a public /private agreement designed pressions and opinions of a number of key around the concept of performance-based logistics where the W industry people. customer pays for readiness, not specific parts or services. Lockheed Martin caters to the security needs of defence The interviews aside, this issue also brings to you first- forces across the world. In the backdrop of the Farnborough hand reports–Alan Peaford reports from the Farnborough International Airshow 2010 in London, Ralph Heath, Presi- International Airshow 2010, the biggest air show of the year. dent, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics spoke to SP’s Aviation With record numbers exhibiting and hundreds of thousands about the capabilities of the company. The President of Boeing of visitors attending the public days of the event, the Farn- Military Aircraft, Chris Chadwick, also spoke at length about borough show sent out a clear signal that the affection of the the company’s growing presence in the international mar- aerospace industry is strong as ever, and also that business ket. Chadwick says the Indian market has the right customer is firmly back in its tracks. who is extremely smart and understands what fighting in Back home, with the distinction between pirates and mari- wars is all about. time terrorists becoming more blurred, the ‘Search at sea’ ar- On the civilian front, the President of Boeing India, Dinesh ticle argues it is little wonder that there are ever-increasing Keskar, is upbeat. Boeing wants to address the needs of the In- demands for maritime air surveillance both in the littorals and dian market with its fleet of aircraft. The company believes in- high seas. This issue’s Forum piece asserts that the key to com- creased passenger movement in the country will entail an ad- prehensive air defence capability lies in the ability to provide ditional requirement of 1,150 aircraft between now and 2029. seamless, multi-layered, round-the-clock, radar cover for the Tommy Dunehew, Vice President, Business Development entire airspace of the national territory and adjoining areas. Global Mobility Systems Boeing C-17 ‘Globemaster III’ spoke We look forward to the comments of our valuable readers.

Owner’s pride: RECENTLY, SP’S EDITOR-IN-CHIEF JAYANT BARANWAL Jayant Baranwal PRESENTED A COPY OF SP’S MILITARY YEARBOOK 2009-2010 TO DEFENCE Publisher & Editor-in-Chief MINISTER A.K. ANTONY IN NEW DELHI

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 5 illustration: anoop kamath NewsWithViews W VIEWS 6 tering thespacewithmoreand moredebris. Take thecaseof been insensitivebutevencriminally negligentbywillfullyspat- over half-a-centuryofspaceexploration, mankindhasnotonly about 50 cm (20 in) in geo-stationary earth orbit (GEO). In just ing objectsdownto5cm(2.0 in)inlowearthorbit(LEO)and in usesofartogathersuch information iscapableoftrack- bit oftherespectiveobjectbepreciselyknown. The equipment order toavoidacollision. This, however, requiresthattheor means ofprotectionwouldbe to manoeuvrethespacecraftin with diametersbelow1cm(0.39in). The onlyremaining craft shieldingareonlycapableofprotectingagainstdebris vent damagetotheirmainbody. to carry a protective shield to pre- blasting. Spacecraftaredesigned erosive damage, similartosand- particles, impacts of which cause tens of millions of pieces are small A vastmajorityoftheestimated debris isapotentialcollisionrisk. lap thetrajectoriesofspacecraft, orbits oftheseobjectsoftenover collision fragments. As the aimless funct satellitestoexplosionand from spentrocketstagesandde- pose. They consistofeverything mans butnolongerserveanypur earth thatwerecreatedbyhu- big andsmall—inorbitaround waste, isacollectionofobjects— orbital debris, spacejunkor But isitpossible? is foundtoeradicateitintotality. machines tillaneffectivemethod tinue toendangerbothmenand increasing menacewouldcon- sible collisionsinspace, thisever- be abletotrackandpredictpos- Company needstobecongratulatedforthelaserinitiative to thespace-borneastronauts. While ElectricOpticSystems tal risknotonlytotheorbitingsatellites/spacecraftbutalso flight— thatonedayspacedebriswouldposesuchmonumen- blasting off from the Soviet soil riding Vostok 1 into an orbital developed the technology withthehelpof$4milliongrantfrom thetechnology developed Australian government. them toveryhighprecisionsothatwecanpredictwhethertherearegoingbecollisionswithotherobjectsornot,” saidSmith. The companyhas collisionsbetweenthemandmannedspacecraftsorunmannedsatellites.track debrisassmall1cmacrossandhelpprevent “We cantrack colliding withspacecraftand satellites in the Earth’s orbit. According to the company’s CEO, Craig Smith, lasersfiredfromground would locateand An Australian company, alasertrackingsystemthatwillstopchunksofspacedebris ElectricOpticSystemsclaimedrecentlythatithaddeveloped Laser System to track space debris

The presentmeansforspace- Space debris, alsoknownas SP’S AVIATION spaceflight on April 12, 1961—with Yuri Gagarin or a little over three years later, the first manned manmade spacecraftSputnik1onOctober4, 1957 ho couldhaveimaginedatthelaunchoffirst

Issue 8•2010 - - - ate theadditionalcapabilities totakeonthetask? Optic Systemscouldcometothe fore. Butaretheyreadytocre- a better proposition. And this is wherecompanies like Electric down sufficientlytofinallyspiral downtode-orbit, soundslike to ablatethefrontsurfaceoff knowndebristhatslowsthem Broom solutionwhichusesapowerfulground-basedlaser launching ofanotherspacecraft, theunder-discussion Laser them toacentralgarbagecollectioncentre, butas itentails and capturethemusingonedeviceortheotherreturn remotely controlledspacevehiclestorendezvouswithdebris test. Clearly, thereisaneedtobantheuseofmilitaryweapons publish voluntaryguidelinesthesameyearafterChinese Committee onthePeacefulUsesofOuterSpace(COPOUS)did haviour to minimise space debris, but the UnitedNation’s larger and1millionpiecesmmorlarger. ated 2,300piecesoftrackabledebris, 35,000pieces1cmor totally unmindfuloftheconsequencessuchanactandcre- the 2007Chineseanti-satellitetest(ASAT), whichwentahead There isthereforenointernationaltreatymandatingbe- —Air Marshal(Retd) V.K. Bhatia studied for this purpose such as studied forthispurposesuchas removed undertheirownpower. existing debriswhichcannotbe the vast majority of the already second partwouldbetoremove way ofoperationalsatellites. The life isoversoasnottocomeinthe ‘graveyard’ orbitaftertheiruseful remove themselvestoaspecified GEO satellitesshouldbeableto respective missions. Similarly, de-orbit aftercompletionoftheir to powerthemselvesquickly retain enoughfueltoallowthem rocket boostersandLEOsatellites inherent featuresbywhichall All futurelaunchesshouldhave tions nottomakethespacedirty. pledge shouldbetakenbyallna- foremost, aUN-initiatedglobal ominous proportions. First and space debris, whichhasacquired late clear-cut rulesfortackling ploitation ofspace. accepted normsforpeacefulex- in spaceasalsoestablishglobally Many solutions have been Many solutionshavebeen There isaneedtoformu- www.spsaviation.net SP Photograph: bae systems NewsWithViews W VIEWS blies likethewingspar, etc. As aresult, HALfellwaybehind components andtherewere defects inthemajorsub-assem- not meettherequirements. There wasmismatchinthekits/ by theOEM. cause of various shortcomings in the equipment supplied even HALwasbadlyaffectedinitsproductionschedule be- the IAFwhichwasmiffedwithlackofproductsupport; aircraft fortheconductofflyingcourses. Itwas notonly sulting inpoorserviceabilityandreducedavailability of trying topalmoffoldaircraftlackofsparessupport re- ranging fromthemanufacturer started a series of controversies plane inatake-offaccident. This duction ofthefirstbatchitlosta jolt whenimmediatelyafterin- the makeshiftMiG-21FLgota genuine, true-blood AJT from IAF, offinallymovingontoa tured byHALinIndia. 42 were to be licence-manufac- delivered byBAE andanother 24 HawkMk132 AJTs were As perthecontract, thefirst options foranother40aircraft. (Rs 8,000 crore) and included was worthabout$1.2billion future AJT. The 66-planeorder the BAE Hawkin2004asits years forIndiatofinallyselect safety inthe IAF, ittook20 long improve pilot trainingand flight looking intowaysandmeansto taine’s Committee’, whichwas back in1984bytheLaFon- advocated forprocurementway tortuous process. Sinceitwas (IAF) hasitselfbeenalongand for thevisitingdignitary. British sidewasdesperatetoshowsomedramaticresults newly electedBritishPrimeMinisterDavidCameron, asthe Perhaps it needed to coincide with the maiden visit of the Cameron said. The aircraftwillbemanufacturedatHAL’s facilitiesinBengaluru. andthisagreementwillbringsignificanteconomicbenefitstobothcountries,”outstanding exampleofIndia-UKdefenceandindustrialpartnership lion. The announcementcameduringthetwo-dayvisitbyaUKdelegationheadedBritishPrimeMinister, DavidCamerontoIndia. “This isan to IndiaforRs5,082crore(£700million). While BAE’s £500million, businesswithHALwouldbeworth Rolls-Royce’s businesswouldbe£200mil- On July28, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL)signedanagreementwithBAESystemsandRolls-Royceforthesupplyof57Hawktraineraircraft Bae Signsdeal with halfor57jet trainers For example, the assembly jigs that were supplied did The initialeuphoriaofthe The inductionofthe AJTs intotheIndian Air Force surprised many a defence analyst in the country. a wiseoneinthelongrun, itssuddennesshas advanced jettrainers(AJTs) mayprovetobe hile thedecisiontogoinforadditionalHawk types of AJTs.types have ill-affordedtheluxury ofsustainingtwodifferent also comeasaboontothe IAF, whichotherwisecould down intermsofspares/product support, thedecisionwill economic recovery. And ifthingshaveactually settled which istryinghardtogetUKonthepathofsustainable feather inthecapofnewlyinstalledBritishgovernment salutary effectontheHawkmaker. the IndianaswellUKgovernmentshadnecessary for thefollow-oncompetitionwasthrownopentointerna- by theIndianmedia, anotherrequestforproposal(RFP) follow-on orderforadditionalaircraft. Instead, asreported part ofthecontractthatitdecidedtoforgooptionfora with theOEM’s businesspracticesintermsoffulfillingits The Indiandefenceestablishmentappearedtobesopeeved till March2010, itwasabletoproduceonly12aircraft. was to startfrom2007andconcluded in 2011. However, in itsproductionschedules. The supplyof42HawksbyHAL Whatever bethecase, thenewdealwouldbea great

SP Issue 8•2010 —Air Marshal(Retd) V.K. Bhatia the politicalpressurebothfrom There is also a possibility that world renownedmanufacturers. AJTs beingproducedbyother allowed tocompetealongwith the BAE Systems, Hawkwasalso of beinggreatlydisappointedby much beenthecaseasinspite manufacturer? Itcouldhavevery as awake-upcallfortheBritish a ruseexercisedbyIndiaforuse a brandnewRFPformore AJTs Navy? Was thedecisionto float added another17fortheIndian more HawksfortheIAF, butalso ed toexercisetheoptionof40 planners havenotonlydecid- of timethattheIndiandefence changed insuchashortspan lack ofcommitment. the OEM’s tardybehaviourand Raju commented adversely on State forDefenceM.M. Pallam in ParliamentwhenMinisterof the OEMevenfoundexpression aircraft. Disenchantmentwith tional firmsfortheadditional So, howhasthescenario

SP’S AVIATION 7 irst F F

Transformer A flyable/roadable vehicle that provides the warfighter terrain-independent mobility

VX Aircraft Company has responded to a Broad Agen- Performance characteristics: cy Announcement (BAA) from the Defense Advanced • 1040 lb payload AResearch Projects Agency (DARPA) seeking designs for • 250 NM range on one tank of fuel a tactical fly-drive vehicle named Transformer (TX). Accord- • 10,000 ft msl altitude at max gross weight ing to DARPA, the objective of the programme is to demon- • 80 mph on road speed, 30 mph rough terrain speed strate a four-person flyable/roadable vehicle that provides • 140 mph flying speed the warfighter terrain-independent mobility. This presents • Converts from road mode to flight mode in 60 seconds unprecedented capability to avoid traditional and asymmet- rical threats while avoiding road obstructions. AVX Aircraft Company President and Chief Engineer Troy Gaffey commented on the proposal saying, “The abil- ments of the DARPA BAA. The AVX (TX) will have intuitive ity of AVX aircraft to respond to the proposal demonstrates controls and will provide the non-pilot operator control the versatility of the AVX configuration. The design is very and navigation systems that are sufficiently intuitive to fa- adaptable and can be configured for many different size and cilitate the transition from road operations to flight opera- types of vehicles. The efficiency of the AVX design provides tions. Additionally, the AVX (TX) can be quickly converted flexibility and performance to support both ground and aer- to medivac with a vehicle operator, medical attendant and ial movement required for the TX design.” littered patient. Further it can be converted into a resup- The objective is to demonstrate a tactical four-person ply vehicle using a sling that can move 1,250 lb as an un- vehicle that can fly and drive on command. The design is manned vehicle or 1,000 lb as a manned vehicle with the SP

A needed to be manually driven on the ground like an SUV. It same 250 nm range.

AR P rapidly reconfigures between ground and flight configura- —SP’s Aviation News Desk tion, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capability, cruise speed equivalent to a light aircraft and automated takeoff/ landing flight control. E-mail your comments to: [email protected] Photogra p h: D The AVX (TX) design meets all the performance require-

8 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Watch

ech Phantom Eye T This unmanned airborne system is efficient, offers T great fuel economy, and is green

oeing has unveiled the hydrogen-powered Phantom Programme Manager, Phantom Eye, Boeing. “The hydrogen Eye unmanned airborne system, a demonstrator that propulsion system will be the key to Phantom Eye’s success. Bwill stay aloft at 65,000 feet for up to four days. It is very efficient and offers great fuel economy, and its only Darryl Davis, President, Boeing Phantom Works, says, byproduct is water, so it’s also a green aircraft,” he added. “Phantom Eye is the first of its kind and could open up a Phantom Eye is powered by two 2.3-litre, four-cylinder whole new market in collecting data and communications. engines that provide 150 horsepower each. It has a 150-foot It is a perfect example of turning an idea into a reality. It de- wingspan, which will cruise at approximately 150 knots and fines our rapid prototyping efforts and will demonstrate the can carry up to a 450-pound payload. art-of-the-possible when it comes to persistent intelligence, The key Phantom Eye suppliers and partners include surveillance and reconnaissance. The capabilities inherent Ford Motor Company (engines), Aurora Flight Sciences in Phantom Eye’s design will offer game-changing opportu- (wing), Mahle Powertrain (propulsion controls), Ball Aero- nities for our military, civil and commercial customers.” space (fuel tanks), Turbosolutions Engineering (turbocharg- Later this summer, Phantom Eye will be shipped to ers), the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DAR- NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Centre at Edwards Air Force PA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SP Base, California, to begin a series of ground and taxi tests in preparation for its first flight in early 2011. That debut flight is expected to last 4-8 hours. “The programme is moving quickly and it’s exciting E-mail your comments to: to be part of such a unique aircraft,” said Drew Mallow, [email protected] At an Advantage The HMSS passive and stealthy sensor system has been developed and manufactured by BAE Systems to provide the Eurofighter pilot significant operational advantages

he UK Royal Air Force, Spanish Air Force, Italian Air Force and the German Luftwaffe have begun taking Tdelivery of the most advanced helmet mounted symbology system (HMSS). It will form a key component of their Eurofighter Typhoon weapon systems. able to instantly designate targets with full head movement, The HMSS is said to have improved tactical performance reducing the need for in-cockpit switch selection and air- for Eurofighter pilots by providing essential flight and craft manoeuvring. The new helmet and HMSS also allows weapon aiming information through line of sight imagery. ongoing development and enhancement such as increased The information imagery includes the aircraft’s flight para- night vision capabilities. The HMSS imodular design incor- meters, weapons status and aiming all projected on the hel- porates a pilot personal inner helmet, which fits into the met equipment assembly (HEA) visor, enabling the pilot to standard outer avionic HMSS. This design allows both per- simultaneously look out in any direction and have all re- sonal comfort and reduced ownership costs through the quired flight and weapon aiming information in his field of flexibility of an outer interchangeable HMSS. The ejection vision. safety characteristics are built into the design. SP The HMSS passive and stealthy sensor system has been developed and manufactured by BAE Systems to provide the Eurofighter pilot significant operational advantages by E-mail your comments to: reducing pilot workload and increasing the weapon en- [email protected]

Photogra p hs: Boeing & eurofighter velope in combat situations. The Eurofighter pilot will be

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 9 Photograph: Sp guide pubns InFocus T into a de facto air defence direction centre-cum-command nous spacefortheIAF AWACS aircrafttobetransformed ated datamakingintoahighly potentandversatilesystem. fusion technique, continuously cross-correlateallthegener IFF, ESM/ELINTandCSM/COMINT whichthroughaunique than theradar, thePhalconsystem’s sensorsalsoinclude making aphysicallyrotatingrotodomeunnecessary. Other radar beamtobesteeredelectronicallythrough360degree, scanned array (AESA) phased array radar that allows the Phalcon system lies in the EL/M-2075 active electronically agement functions. The uniquenessoftheIsraeliIAI/Elta in theelectronicmediumandcommandcontrolman - system canalsobeusedtocarryoutsurveillance, especially my airattacks. Overandabovethestatedprimary tasks, the ers totheirtargetlocationsanddefensivelycounterene - erations. The systemisusedoffensivelytodirectown fight- away, butalsotocontrolbothdefensiveandoffensiveairop- guish friendlyandhostileaerialplatformshundredsofmiles altitudes, theradarnotonlyallowsoperatorstodistin- an airborneradarsystemtodetectaircraft. Usedathigh was alsoinsertedasoneoftheclausesindeal. in 2004, anoptionforthreemoresuchsystemsinfuture 2,250 crore)forsaletoIndia. At thetimeofsigningdeal crore) onthreeRussianIL-76aircraft($500millionorRs its Phalcon AWACS systemsworth $1.1 billion(Rs5,000 Israel andRussia. According tothedeal, Israelwastoinstall This wastheculminationofatripartitedealsignedbyIndia, duction ofthefirstthree AWACS onMay28lastyear. ment oftheIAFwasfinallyfulfilledwithin-servicein- though dogged by many delays, a long-standing require- option initsoriginalorder. tems, envisagedearlierasan two andnotthreemoresys- IAF is planningtoacquire only tifying, however, wasthatthe surprise at all. What was mys- December didnotcomeasa already orderedisinductedin of thethreeIsraeliPhalcons (AWACS) aircraft afterthelast early warning&controlsystem will goinfortwomoreairborne 10 modernisation The cavernousinnerfuselage oftheIL-76offersvolumi- For theuninitiated, AWACS—a greatforce-multiplier—is Pursued diligentlyformorethanadecadeandeven

But IAFisplanningtoacquire only two early warning &control SP’S AVIATION More elation thattheIAF The recentmediarev- more eyesinthesky. (IAF) willhavemany he Indian Air Force system aircraftandnotthreeasenvisaged earlier

Issue 8•2010

Eyes -

Forum foranin-depthanalysis. this maketheIndianairspace totallyimpregnable? Turn to and 30indigenousmedium-range Rohinisystems. Would all (LLTRs), four medium power radars (MPRs), four aerostats radars—to beprecise—19 low leveltransportable radars also intheprocessofinductingawidearrayground-based affect IAF’s overallairdefencecapabilities? IAF reportedlyis of AWACS beadequatetofulfillIAF’s needs?Howwouldit systems asafollowonorder. But willtheaugmentedstrength fare. Littlewonder, theIAF hasdecidedtogoinfortwomore borne toolinconductingtoday’s network-centric aerialwar little doubtthatthe AWACS canprovetobetheultimateair that whenfullyandcorrectlyoperationalised, there canbe al airexercisesappearstohavereinforcedtheearlierbelief third aircraftlaterthisyear. would certainlyacceleratefurtherwiththeadditionof the with thearrivalofsecondaircraftearlierthisyear and the first aircraft, which must have gained added momentum The traininghasbeeninfullswingsincetheinductionof committed itself fully in creating the necessary capabilities. has beenfullyunderstoodbytheIAFleadershipwhich lethal, is quite another. That the task is highly challenging ing andcontroltomakecombatoperationsprecise assimilation andperfectingtheartofairborneearlywarn- tions. Havingthe AWACS afloat is onething, buttheactual training formasteringtheentiregamutof AWACS opera- performed simultaneouslyentailsrigorousandcontinuous support (BAS/CAS). force operations (CSFO) i.e. battlefield area strikes/close air including directingairborneplatformsforcountersurface agement ofthebattlefieldwithinitslargeareacoverage in the AWACS participationintherecentlyconductedoperation- The complexityofthemultifarioustaskswhichcanbe

—Air Marshal(Retd) V.K. Bhatia Sky can carryoutreal-timeman- Simultaneously,the AWACS the safe air space so created. their respectivetargetsthrough strike packagestoproceed actively controllingfriendly enemy airoppositionandthen tised corridorsbyneutralising riority fighterstocreatesani- recting air-dominance/supe- also beactivelyengagedindi- munication information, itcan gathering electronic andcom- engaged inthepassivetasksof Therefore, whiletheaircraftis operations centre (ADDC/COC).

SP www.spsaviation.net - - modernisation Forum

Small & Simple: AEW&C on embraer’s EMB 145

Defending the Airspace The key to comprehensive air defence capability lies in the ability to provide seamless, multi-layered, round-the-clock, radar cover for the entire airspace of the national territory and adjoining areas

ho in this country and specially in the In- its radars deployed accordingly. It has tried to put a judicious dian Air Force (IAF) could forget the fate- mix of radars such as high power/high altitude (HPR), medi- ful evening of December 17, 1995, when um power/medium altitude (MPR) and low level transportable a Russian-built An-26, on a flight from (LLTR) to cover the multi-layered airspace, but looking at the Karachi in Pakistan to Dhaka in Bangla- size of the Indian territory, it is obvious that it cannot possibly desh and laden with a cargo of illegal arms cover the entire spectrum of the whole airspace. and ammunition dropped the entire lethal load clandestinely It is presumed that the IAF has good coverage of the Win Purulia, a remote district of West Bengal, by hoodwink- airspace in the areas of its western border and adequate ing the radar/air-traffic controllers at Kolkata. Was it not for coverage in the east, but the same may not be true of its an alert IAF corporal at the Chennai (FIC) which started a mountainous northern and north-eastern borders. Similar- chain-reaction ordering the aircraft to return to Mumbai, the ly, it would have limited capability in the central zone and audacious crew and the unscrupulous arms dealer on board the southern peninsula. The IAF’s oldest US built Star Sap- would have managed to escape from the Indian airspace on phire HPRs were replaced by the French THD-1955 radars their return journey from Bangkok to Karachi? Paradropping which themselves are becoming obsolescent and need re- of such a large cache of weapons and ammunition over In- placement. Similarly, its French designed MPRs PSM-33 and dian territory by a foreign aircraft with total impunity repre- TRS-2215, licence-produced by Bharat Electronics Ltd, have sented severe public embarrassment for New Delhi. However, aged considerably. The LLTRs of the IAF have been gener- the timely (even though somewhat imaginary) threat of being ally of Russian origin such as Pechora-linked P-18/P-19 and, shot down, forced the aircraft to land at Mumbai. While its ST-68 radars. However, inadequacy in numbers restricts subsequent apprehension by the concerned authorities did their deployment to cover only the specific areas of interest. save the blushes for the Indian government, it also brought Looking at its entirety, the Indian airspace covers an area to light gaping holes in India’s radar surveillance capabilities. of approximately 3,290,000 sq km over its land mass alone. If one has to take into account additional requirements to Air Defence: IAF Responsibility cater for the desirable early warning capability then the air- India’s Union War Book pins the responsibility of defending space would almost double to 7,000,000 sq km. In the mod- the country’s skies squarely on the shoulders of the IAF. The ern concept of airspace management, it would be necessary IAF on its part has tried to discharge this responsibility to the to provide 100 per cent radar coverage over the entire area best of its ability but the key to comprehensive air defence of interest with adequate overlap and built-in redundancy. It capability lies in the ability to provide seamless, multi-layered, is evident that for this kind of coverage all national resources round-the-clock radar cover for the entire airspace of the na- would have to be pooled and networked to provide the desired tional territory and adjoining areas. The IAF has painstakingly capability for radar surveillance of the country’s entire air- built up its radar surveillance capability by acquiring a size- space, which means that apart from its own radar resources, able number of different types of radars. But because of pau- the IAF would have to draw heavily on the radar capabilities city of resources, its air surveillance capability has been basi- of not only its sister services i.e. Indian Army and the Navy,

Photogr ap hs: e mbr ae r & PI B cally configured around perceived external threats only and but also the civil radars of the Airports Authority of India

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 11 modernisation

(AAI), etc. How will this be achieved to stat systems, as reported by the media, cater to the multi-level surveillance re- augurs well for India’s maritime secu-

Forum quirements for full-spectrum coverage? rity. Deployed in areas around Mumbai, Goa and Kochi in the west and Chennai High/Medium Power (High/Medium (Arkonam) and Visakhapatnam on the Altitude) Radars east coast with the sixth in the Anda- The civil aviation area and route sur- man Islands, would not only help in veillance radars are essentially meant boosting maritime surveillance capa- for high/medium level coverage where bility, but also complement the IAF’s the civil air traffic normally operates. low-level air surveillance capability, if However, till recently, against an op- properly integrated into the overall air timum requirement of 60, there were defence network. only 12 such radars in the country— basically to cater to the needs of the AWACS: The Ultimate Tool country’s metro airports. The AAI is Within just a year of the induction of the gradually adding more radars as part first AWACS, the IAF is full of praises for of its modernisation plans for the non- this mother-of-all air defence and con- metro sectors as well with the new trol systems. Recently, the IAF Chief, Air Medium Level: DRDO’s Rohini Radar figure reportedly being in excess of 20 passes during the Republic Day Chief Marshal P.V. Naik stated emphati- now. When fully integrated with the Parade, 2010 cally, “Phalcon AWACS are tremendous IAF’s high and medium power radars, force-multipliers. We are having an ex- these would greatly help in creating cellent experience with them. They will better area coverage at high/medium get their final operational clearance by levels for the IAF’s air defence network. October-November.” He, however, did IAF’s bid to get 30 Rohini 3-dimensional central acquisition not qualify as to why the IAF has placed a repeat order for radar from BEL in a phased manner would further help fill the only two more AWACS instead of the three it could have, under gaps in radar surveillance at medium levels. the “option” clause of the first contract. It is not clear whether it was done due to paucity of funds or possibly due to unavail- Low Looking Radars ability of the IL-76 airframe at the Uzbekistan factory. This is an area where a great amount of inter-service synergy is required for pooling all available resources as the The Last Word numbers required are very large. Even with the most imagi- Augmentation of aerostat resources was a long outstanding native planning and judicious distribution of LLTRs, the IAF issue, the implementation of which would considerably en- has barely been able to create a single-tier low-level cover- hance IAF’s low level radar coverage within and outside the age of its western border. The IAF’s planned acquisition of country’s western borders. Coupled with the Navy’s planned 19 new LLTRs though a step in the right direction would not acquisition of similar radars, the low level coverage would be able to fill more than a fraction of its overall requirement. extend to other areas of interest as well. However, aerostats For enhanced capabilities, much greater numbers of army being inherently more vulnerable because of their tethered LLTRs such as the ‘reporter’ radars would have to be dove- positions means that the present set-up of ground-based tailed into the air defence network. LLTRs continues to be relevant; not only as operational backup, but also to provide the necessary redundancy. Enter the Aerostat: The Low Level Solution In a short span of time since its induction into the IAF, Phal- The IAF seemed to have taken a quantum leap by selecting con-based AWACS is already proving to be a big game changer the aerostat radars to solve the mind-boggling problem of which would almost revolutionise the way IAF conducts air low-level radar surveillance of the country’s vast western land operations. An earlier study conducted by the Defence Services border to guard against a perennially belligerent neighbour. Staff College, Wellington, had recommended 18 AWACS to be The IAF had earlier acquired two Israeli aerostats which were an optimum figure for the IAF to adequately meet its security deployed in the sensitive Kutch region of Gujarat and in the challenges and operational requirements. That number may be Punjab sector. Equipped with Elta EL/M-2083, the tethered somewhat of an overkill and also unaffordable, but it is evident aerostat radar system greatly helps in beating the ‘low level’ that the IAF would need to continue to build up on the currently numbers game. Deployed at its maximum tethered height of planned strength to achieve optimum capabilities. In this con- 15,000 ft, the aerostat radar has a low-level coverage capabil- text, a judicious mix of the AWACS and the indigenous under- ity equivalent to 30 similar ground-based radars. Even when development airborne early warning & control (AEW&C) on a deployed almost 100 km inside one’s own territory, the aero- much smaller Embraer EMB-145 platform could be considered, stat can pick up low flying objects up to 200 km across the wherein the indigenous AEW&C system-mounted EMB-145s border. The IAF’s decision to go in for four additional systems being much cheaper, could be acquired in greater numbers. is in tune with its earlier projected requirements and with ju- However, in the final analysis, a lot would depend on a dicious deployment would help in covering the entire western meaningful civil-military (and within the military inter-service) border from J&K in the north to the Gujarat sub-peninsula in synergy to provide an optimum and cost-effective solution to the south-southwest. the problem—a commodity missed sorely in this country. SP The Indian Navy’s decision to also acquire six similar aero- —Air Marshal (Retd) V.K. Bhatia

12 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Military Technology

pratt & whitney’s F135 Engine

Contemporary Upcoming Design and development of& military aero engines, especially jet engines, is a highly technologically complex task. Hence only a handful of manufacturers have been able to achieve global standards and stature.

he Merlin piston-engine By Air Marshal (Retd) in aviation almost as spectacular as the powered Hawker Hurri- V.K. Bhatia Wright brothers’ first flight. canes and Supermarine Post-World War II, while piston en- Spitfires of the Royal Air gines continued to power civil airliners Force (RAF) did indeed for many years, in the field of military save the day for the UK by aviation they were rapidly displaced winning the Battle of Britain. But the by the gas turbine. Fighters and bomb- Tworld famous air campaign also ex- ers switched to the turbo jet, military posed the limitations of piston-engines in powering the fight- transports and maritime-patrol aircraft used turboprops, er platforms, the need of the hour being to beat the enemy and helicopters found it highly advantageous in chang- with superior speed and height advantage. In their quest to ing over to turboshafts—all of them variations of the basic fly higher and faster, designers of fighter aircraft hit a dead ‘jet’ engine. The change meant more power for less engine end with the propeller-driven, piston-engine aircraft whose weight, far greater reliability, little cooling problems and saf- speed could not be increased beyond a certain limit. The er kerosene-type fuels. By the 1950s, the use of jet engine, limit was essentially one of propeller efficiency. This seemed in one form or the other, became almost universal except to peak as blade tips approached the speed of sound. It was for some specific types of cargo, liaison and special duty air- realised that if the engine and thus the aircraft performance craft which sported piston engines as their respective power were ever to increase beyond such a barrier, a way would plants. By the 1960s, even the civil airliner changed over to have to be found to radically improve the design of the piston jet engines. But it was not till a decade later when with the engine, or a wholly new type of power plant would have to be advent of high bypass jet engines, fuel efficiency matched or developed. This was the motivation behind the development exceeded that of the piston-engine driven propeller aircraft, of the gas turbine engine, commonly called a ‘jet’ engine, heralding the era of fast, safe and high-capacity economical

hotographs: pratt & whitney, eurojet, muec & usa f eurojet, & whitney, P hotographs: pratt which as the events unfolded, would usher in a revolution travel for the general public.

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 13 Military technology

The Evolution Power Horses: pratt & whitney’s F119 From the earliest mere 4 to Engine; EJ200 from 5-kN thrust centrifugal-flow eurojet; (opposite page) engines to the present-day D-27 type propfan and X-51A up to 200-kN or more thrust Waverider under the wing of a B-52 Stratofortress axial-flow turbofans, with afterburning and variable- thrust, sporting multi-stage compressors and turbines, and powerful enough to enable ‘super-cruise’ or supersonic speeds in dry power, it has been indeed a highly challenging and interesting journey in the evolution of jet engines. To redux, eruption of Cold War between the two power blocs—Western & Eastern—resulted in an unprecedented arms race, which also gave catalytic push to ever faster fighters and bombers. The jet engines also went through meta- morphic changes in complexities and capabilities. More and more powerful turbojets were introduced to expand the speed and altitude envelopes. The Super Sabre, first of the 100 series US fighters was also the first US fighter capable of supersonic flight in level flight. By this time, augmented thrust technique had been invented through the use of afterburners. Soon ‘Mach 2’ fighters were vying for superiority on both sides of the Atlantic. The English Electric Lightning was perhaps the only aircraft in the world to have ‘one on top of the other’ twin engine configuration with its Avon 301R afterburning engines. The other notable Mach 2 fighters of the era were the US F-104 Starfighter and the famous Mikoyan design of the Soviet bloc—the MiG-2—which earned the so- briquet of the most mass-produced jet fighter in the world with more than 10,000 variants taking to the skies. Among the early jet engine designs there is one particular engine which stands out as a pièce de résistance or an engine extraordinaire—the Pratt & Whitney J58-P4, fitted on the 1960s US skunk-work design SR-71 Blackbird Mach 3 strategic reconnaissance aircraft. The J58-P4s were the only military engines designed at the time which could operate continuously on afterburner, and actually became more efficient as the aircraft went faster. Each J58 could produce 145-kN of static thrust. The J58 was unique in that it was a hybrid jet engine. It could operate as a regular turbojet at low speeds, but at high speeds it became a ramjet. At lower speeds, the turbojet provided most of the compression and most of the energy from fuel combustion. At higher be imposed on the aircraft to prevent supposed total destruc- speeds, the turbojet throttled back and just sat in the middle of tion of the engines due to overheating of the turbine blades. the engine as air bypassed around it, having been compressed by the shock cones and only burning fuel in the afterburner. THE CURRENT SCENARIO At around Mach 3, the increased heating from the shock cone At present, use of jet engines in one form or the other is compression, plus the heating from the compressor fans, was all but universal in military aircraft. Exceptions are in the already enough to get the core air to high temperatures, and case of some specialised platforms for specific tasks, such hardly any fuel could be added in the combustion chamber as UAVs. Here too, some of the bigger high altitude long en- without the turbine blades melting. This meant that the whole durance (HALE) types of UAVs and newly developed UCAV compressor—turbine setup in the core of the engine provided combat platforms are converting on to jet engines. While ad- hardly any power, and the Blackbird flew predominantly on vanced models of turbojets are being used for the jet fight- air bypassed straight to the afterburners, forming a powerful ers, turboshafts are commonly used on the military helicop- ramjet effect. No other aircraft did this including the compet- ters and military transporters use either high bypass ratio ing Soviet aircraft, the famous MiG-25 Foxbat. The so-called (BPR) turbofans or turboprop engines. tri-sonic aircraft, MiG-25 was built around its two massive Tu- Today, the turbojet is almost extinct as the present-day mansky R 15(B) turbojet engines. Although the available thrust frontline fighters in the world all use turbofan jet engines with was sufficient to reach M 3.2, the engine design not having the a combination package of fan plus axial flow compressors same features as the Blackbird’s J58s, a limit of M 2.8 had to in varying numbers. The trend has been towards achieving

14 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Military technology

with only six or seven stages of compressor blading. Simpler engines not only result in greater reliability, better resistance to battle damage and easier maintenance, but better specific fuel consumption (SFC) means they are also much greener—more ‘thrusty’ but less ‘thirsty’. The other attributes of the modern fighter engines include afterburners (augmented thrust); with the latest technology of vectored thrust being introduced in some of them to greatly enhance aircraft manoeuvrability. In the latter category comes the engines fitted on the US F-22A Raptor (F119-PW-100), the Russian Su-30 MKI, being operated by the Indian Air Force (AL-35F) and the proposed RD-33MK thrust-vectoring engines for the under development MiG-35 which is one of the aircraft on offer to meet the IAF’s requirement of 126 medium multi-role combat aircraft.

MILITARY JET FIGHTERS & ENGINES The fighter engines are becoming so powerful that many modern fighters are capable of making cold (unaugmented) take-offs. This also gives the latest fighters the capability to supercruise, i.e., sustain supersonic speeds in level flight in dry thrust. The US F-22 Raptor is known for its supercruise capability. It is rumoured that the PAK-FA or T-50, the Russian answer to the US F-22, being developed under a joint venture with India will also have this capability in ample measure. The Eurofighter Typhoon riding on its two EJ200s can also supercruise with ease. The latest buzzword in fighter development is the stealth design. However, there is little point in making a stealthy airframe if the engine design does not follow the same route. Also, the IR features of the engine(s) have also to be similarly crafted to be able to evade hostile missiles with heat- seeking homing heads. The ability to supercruise certainly helps in this regard.

Latest Designs New technologies and designs are being tried out in powering not only some of the new generation fighters but also some of the under development military transport aircraft. These include the fifth generation Lockheed Martin F-35 joint strike fighter, EADS A400M European airlifter and the CIS Antonov An-70 transport aircraft. greater power with engines that are not only lighter but smaller and dramatically simpler. For example, the Spey Mk 202, F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter the engine of the erstwhile Phantoms of the Royal Air Force A somewhat novel engine design technology has been in- (RAF), had a total of 17 stages of blading in the compressor corporated in powering the latest US fifth generation stealth (5LP+12 HP) and four stages of blading in the turbines (2+2). joint strike fighter (JSF), the F-35 Lightning. The JSF is be- The next generation RB 199 of the Tornado has 12 stages of ing developed in three versions—F-35A, land-based con- compression (3LP+3IP+6HP) and again four stages of expan- ventional take-off and landing (CTOL), F-35B short take-off sion through the turbines (1Hp+1IP+2LP), whereas today’s and vertical landing (STOVL) and the F-35C carrier-based Eurojet EJ200, engine for the fourth generation+ Eurofighter CTOL (CV) version. The two different engines are being Typhoon has only eight compressor stages (3LP+5HP) and developed for the F-35; the Pratt & Whitney F135 and the two turbine stages (1HP+1LP). It was generally believed that General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136. The STOVL versions of the more stages of blading an axial-flow compressor has, the both power plants use the innovative LiftSystem, patented greater the overall pressure ratio (OPR) and better the fuel by Lockheed Martin and built by Rolls-Royce. economy. Would that mean that the simpler compressors have Different from the preceding generation of STOVL designs been achieved at the expense of greater fuel burn? The fact (such as the Harrier), the LiftSystem is composed of a lift fan, is that the reverse is true. The OPR of the Phantom’s Spey driveshaft, clutch, two roll posts and a ‘3 bearing swivel mod- was 20, the figure for the Tornado’s RB 199 is 23, but for the ule’. The latter is a thrust vectoring nozzle which allows the Eurojet200 of the Eurofighter it has gone up to 26. Indeed the main engine exhaust to be deflected downward at the tail of next-generation fighter engine could have an OPR of up to 35 the aircraft. The lift fan near the front of the aircraft provides

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 15 Military technology

User Country/ Aircraft Engine Engine(s) *Compressor Bypass Thrust kN Service Manufacturer Arrangements Ratio **(lb st) US/USAF F-16 Pratt & Whitney or 1 x F100-PW-229 or 3F, 10A, a/b 0.36 129.5 (29,100) General Electric 1 x F100-GE-129 3F, 9A, a/b 0.68 129.0 (29,000) US/USN F/A-18 E/F General Electric 2 x F414-GE-400 3F, 7A, a/b NA 97.9 (22,000) UK/RAF Eurofighter Eurojet 2 x EJ200 advanced 3F, 5A, a/b 0.4 90.0 (20,250) technology turbofans France/FAF Rafale Snecma 2 x M 88-2E4 3F,6A, a/b 0.25 75.0 (16,872) Sweden/SAF Saab Gripen General Electric/Volvo Flying Motor 1 x F404-GE-400 3F, 7A, a/b 0.34 80.5 (18,100) Russia/RAF MiG-35 Klimov 2 x RD-33 MK 4F, 9A, a/b 0.49 85.3 (19,180) India/IAF LCA (Tejas) GTRE 1 x Kaveri 3F, 6A, ab N/A 80.5 India/IAF Su-30MKI Saturn 2 x Lyulka AL-35F (AL-31FM) 4F, 9A, a/b 0.57 122.6 (27,560) India/IAF Mirage 2000 Snecma 1 x M53P2 3F, 5A, a/b 0.35 95.0 (21,355) China/PLAAF, Pakistan/PAF FC-1 Or JF-17 Klimov 1 x RD-93 (derivative of RD-33) 4F, 9A, a/b 0.49 81.4 (18,300) China/PLAAF J-10 Saturn 1 x Lyulka AL-31FN 4F, 9A, a/b 0.57 122.6 (27,560) US/USAF F-15E Pratt & Whitney 2 x F100-PW-229 3F, 10A, a/b 0.36 129.5 (29,100) US/USAF F-22A Raptor Pratt & Whitney 2 x F119-PW-100 Advanced 3F, 6A, a/b 0.45 155.6 (35,000) technologies turbofans with two dimensional thrust vectoring US/USAF, USN F-35 Pratt & Whitney or 1 x F135 advanced technologies 3F, 6A, a/b 1F+3A, 5A, a/b 0.57 0.8 177.9 (40,000) General Electric/Rolls-Royce turbofan, 1 x F136 (under 181.4 (40,000+) development) Note 1: *Compressor Arrangements: F = Fan stages, A = Number of axial stages, a/b = afterburner or augmentor **lb st = pound static Note 2: The first six fighters are competing in India’s MMRCA Acquisition Programme Note 3: India’s GTRE Kaveri engine development yet to be completed the counter-balancing thrust. Roll control during slow flight is ric handling in case of an engine failure. The uniqueness of achieved by diverting pressurised air through wing mounted the arrangement lies in the fact that even though rotating in thrust nozzles called Roll Posts. The F-35B is being developed opposite directions, engines are interchangeable. to replace the US Marine Corps and the RAF/Royal Navy’s Har- rier jump jets. Later on, the JSF versions will also replace the New Horizons: Hypersonics US Navy and US Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet fighters. For over the last four decades, visionaries—and even a few professional aircraft designers—have considered military Antonov An-70 Medium Multi-role Military Transport aircraft that are capable of hypersonic speeds, i.e. many Aircraft times the speed of sound, such as Mach 5, which at high alti- The An-70 aircraft under development has incorporated a tude equates to 2,868 kts (5,310 kmph). The recent success- novel power plant design in its four ZMKB D-27 ‘Propfans’ ful sustained flight of the Boeing X-51 Wave Rider in excess developed by the Ivchenko-Progress Design Bureau for com- of Mach 5 seems to have brought closer to reality the long mercial and military transport aircraft. The D-27’s two-shaft cherished dream of the military aircraft designers to have gas generator is made up of a regular axial low-pressure a hypersonic military aerial vehicle in operational service. compressor, a mixed-flow high-pressure compressor, an annular combustion chamber, a single-stage high-pressure A complex task turbine and a single-stage low-pressure turbine. However, Design and development of military aero engines, espe- novelty lies in the SV-27 contra-rotating propfans, having cially the jet engines, is a highly technologically complex propellers each with an unprecedented eight composite task, which explains why only a handful of manufacturers blades in front and six at rear. The reversible-pitch blades have been able to achieve global standards and stature. The are of scimitar form with each highly efficient engine pro- prominent players in the field of jet engine manufacturing ducing a massive 10,290 kW (13,800 shp). for military fighter aircraft include Pratt & Whitney, General Electric, Rolls-Royce, Snecma and Eurojet from the West- EADS A400M Airlifter ern world, whereas Klimov and Saturn occupy the pride of The EADS’ under development A400M military airlifter’s place among the Russian manufacturers. The Chinese are four Europrop International TP400-D6 engines are studded also moving forward with their ‘WP’ series of jet engines but with many unique features. At 9,694 kW (13,000 shp) each will take some more time to achieve the global standards. (third most powerful engine in its category after Kuznetsov India, too, has been struggling for the past two decades to NK-12 and Progress D-27 described above), the engine has a develop the Kaveri jet engine to power its indigenously de- three-shaft configuration, an offset gearbox and dual-chan- signed light combat aircraft (LCA). With success still eluding nel FADEC. Engines are handed with one each wing pair the scientists at the Gas Turbine Research Establishment, rotating in opposite direction to the other, offering reduction the initial production aircraft are being fitted with the im- in torque and elimination of asymmetric airflow over wing. ported 83.2kN (18,700 lb st) General Electric F404-GE-IN20 The ‘down between’ configuration also improves asymmet- afterburning turbofans. SP

16 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Military Industry

By Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey, Bengaluru

GE Aviation With its headquarters in Evendale, Ohio, GE Aviation is a subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE), one of the largest corporations in the world. GE Aviation is a part of GE Technology Infrastructure. Globally, the company is the leading supplier of aircraft engines for a variety of commercial aircraft. GE Aviation’s main competitors in the engine market are Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce. In 1892, the amalgamation of The Edison General Elec- tric Company founded by Thomas Alva Edison with two other electric companies, led to the formation of The General Electric Company (GE). In the early days, the company was engaged in the development of a turbine engine to gener- ate electric power. In 1903, GE successfully developed the world’s largest steam turbine generator. GE made its entry into the regime of aero engine technology through the development of the turbo-superchargers that utilised the energy of exhaust gasses to drive a turbine to enhance engine performance at higher altitudes. This technology was incorporated on the B-17 Flying Fortress as well as on several other World War II aircraft. In 1941, GE received its first contract from the US Army Air Corps to build a gas turbine engine based on Frank Whittle’s design. A number of other designs followed, but the first jet engine produced in large numbers in the US was the J31. This followed other successful designs such as the J33 powering the P80 Shooting Star, the J47 for the F-86 Sabre Jet used extensively in the Korean War. With over 35,000 engines delivered, the Aerospace J47 was also the first turbojet certified for civil application. After 30 years of operational fuel efficient & low emission: Boeing Completes First 787 Majors GEnx Engine Run Leading aero engine manufacturers General Electric and Pratt & Whitney are competitors as well as partners. Browse through the third part of the article to know more about the players dominating the US aerospace industry. oeing & pratt & whitney P hotographs: b oeing & pratt

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 17 Military Industry service, the J47 retired in 1978 giving way to the J79 for US military, subsidiary services and commercial operators. supersonic aircraft such as the F-104 Starfighter and the The range of engines includes the F404, F414, T700, GE90 F-4 Phantom. Over 17,000 J79 engines were delivered in and the CFE 738, LM6000 and 2500. The company also pro- three decades. Entry into civil aviation market was made duces the CT7 commercial turboprop power plant and two when the J79 derivative, the CJ 805 was selected to power variants of the CF34 regional jet engine, one of which the the Convair 880 airliner. CF34-10A was selected to power the 850 aircraft fleet of Next came the J93 that powered the experimental XB- the ARJ21 the new Chinese regional jet over the next two 70 bomber capable of operating at Mach 3. The CJ805 was decades. Developed on the proven GE90 architecture, the modified to carry a fan at the rear, the first turbofan engine highly fuel efficient, low emission GEnx-2B engine, succes- for commercial use on the Convair 990. In 1965, the world’s sor to the CF6, was selected by Boeing in 2005 to power first high bypass turbofan TF39 from GE was selected for the 747-8 Intercontinental, the 747-8 Freighter and the 787 the C-5 Galaxy strategic airlifter. Another success story was Dreamliner. The new engine has received FAA certification the J85 turbojet engine that powered the Northrop F-5 Free- after extensive ground and flight tests and GE has orders dom Fighter which saw service in more than 30 countries. for over 1,300 GEnx including around than 400 GEnx-2B Advances in technologies in the 1960s paved the way engines from 48 customers around the world. The company for the development of the F101 engine for the B-1 bomber. is planning to ramp up production from 100 to 200 per year. In the mid-1980s, the F110, based on the F101 design, was CFM International is now working on the next generation selected as one of the engines to power the F-16 C/D combat engine designated as the “Leap X” for which a number of aircraft and the US Navy’s F-14B/D Super Tomcat. A deriva- futuristic technologies are under evaluation. tive of the F110, the F118, powered the B-2 bomber. Around The latest from GE in competition with Pratt & Whitney the same time, came the highly successful GE F404 engine is the F136 engine specifically developed for the fifth gen- of which more than 3,700 units were built. eration F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter. Developed in Together with its derivatives, it powered the F/A-18 collaboration with Rolls-Royce, the F136 engine is a product Hornet and several military aircraft worldwide such as the of the best technology from two leading manufacturers of F-117 Stealth fighter, JAS-39 Gripen of Sweden and the A-4S aero engines. With more than 70 per cent of its development Super Skyhawk fleet of the Republic of Singapore Air Force. complete, the GE/Rolls-Royce F136 engine programme is GE’s commercial engines of the 1970s were built on the expected to be ready for flight testing in 2011. technology of the military engines of the 1960s. Beginning in the early 1970s, the CF6 high bypass turbofan engine powered Pratt & Whitney the Douglas DC-10. By the 1980s, the CF6 family of engines A part of United Technologies Corporation, Pratt & Whitney was powering wide-body aircraft, including the Boeing 747 is a world leader in the design, manufacture and mainte- and 767, the Airbus A300 and A310 and the McDonnell Doug- nance of aircraft engines, industrial gas turbines and space las MD11. By the late 1990s, more than 5,500 CF6 engines propulsion systems. The company, whose products are were in service. A CF6-80C2 engine powers the Air Force One. widely used in both civil and military aircraft, has over In 1974, GE entered into a 50:50 partnership with SNEC- 38,500 employees and supports more than 11,000 custom- MA, the leading French aircraft engine manufacturer to es- ers in 195 countries around the world. As one of the leading tablish CFM International and jointly produce a new mid- aero engine manufacturers, it competes with General Elec- sized turbofan engine which emerged as the CFM56. This tric and Rolls-Royce, although it also has joint ventures with has been one of the most successful international collaboration in the global aerospace industry. The objective was to gain a share of the short to medium range aircraft engine market. The company received its first order in 1979, when the CFM56-2 turbofan engine was selected to re-engine DC-8 Series 60 aircraft, renamed Super 70s. The US Air Force selected the military version of the CFM56-2, designated the F108, to re-engine its fleet of KC-135 tanker aircraft. Since then, GE and SNECMA CFM56 engines have powered commercial aircraft for the Boeing Classic 737-300/-400/-500 series, Airbus Industries A318, A319, A320, and A321, and the long-range, four-engine Airbus A340. The CFM56-7, power plant for the Boeing Next-Generation 737-600/- 700/-800/-900 series, was launched in late 1993. In the second half of the 1990s, more than 3,500 CFM engines were delivered worldwide. In the decade ending 2010, the company would have delivered over 23,000 engines. As declared on the eve of the Farnborough Air Show 2010, GE Aviation and its engine joint ventures expect to deliver about 2,000 commercial jet engines in 2010, about 70 more than in 2009. GE Aviation continues to assemble jet engines for the

18 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Military Industry

but later powered a series of naval aircraft. Pratt & Whitney has built engines for frontline fighters, like the F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F-22 Raptor and the C-17 Globemas- ter III military transport. Some of the engines for special mission aircraft were the J58 for Lockheed’s SR-71 and J75s for the U-2 spy plane. With nearly 11,000 military engines in service, Pratt & Whitney has 23 customers in 22 nations. The range of military engines include the F135 for the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), the F119 for the F-22 Raptor, the F100 family that powers the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Falcon, the F117 for the C-17 Globemaster III, the J52 for the EA-6B Prowler, the TF33 powering E-3 AWACS, E-8 Joint STARS, B-52, and KC- 135 aircraft, and the TF30 for the F-111. Pratt & Whitney also has a global network for MRO facilities to support customers. In August 1996, Pratt & Whitney established a 50:50 joint venture with GE to form a company designated as Engine Alliance to develop, manufacture, sell and support a family of modern technology aircraft engines for new high-capacity, long- range aircraft. One product is the GP7200 with two variants, GP7270 and the GP7277 for the Airbus A380 Super Jumbo in competition with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900. At the recent Farnborough Air Show, Pratt & Whitney announced the formation of a joint venture with Kale Group of Turkey holding 51 per cent to produce aircraft engines. To begin with, the joint venture will specialise in manufacturing hardware for the F135 engine being developed for the F-35 Lightning II aircraft. For nine years and more than 17,600 test hours, Pratt & Whitney has been designing, developing the F135 engine for the fifth generation fighter aircraft for the US Air Force, Marine Corps and Navy as well as for eight allies of the US. Both air force and the navy versions have been flying with the F135 engines. The company’s large commercial engines power more than 30 per cent of the world’s passenger aircraft ﬂeet. The company continues to develop new engines and work with its partners in International Aero Engines and the Engine pratt & whitney power Alliance to meet airline customers’ future needs. With more horses: (opposite page) than 16,000 large commercial engines in service today, Pratt First Flight of PW1000G PurePower Engines; (top) both these companies. & Whitney’s large commercial engines power more than 40 F135 Engine for thre F-35 A company manufactur- per cent of the world’s passenger aircraft fleet and serve lightning II joint strike ing machine tools and located more than 800 customers in 160 countries. Pratt & Whit- fighter (JSF) in Hartford, Connecticut, in ney maintains one of the largest global service centre and 1925, Pratt & Whitney pro- networks, more than 40 engine overhaul and maintenance duced its first piston aero centres. Pratt & Whitney is developing game changing tech- engine, the 425 horsepower nologies for the future, such as the PurePower PW1000G R-1340 Wasp. Ordered by engine, with patented Geared Turbofan technology for the the US Navy, the Wasp had performance and reliability that next generation passenger aircraft and hypersonic propul- revolutionised American aviation industry and the company sion systems for aircraft. have been leading change ever since. The R-1340 was fol- On August 2, 2005, Pratt & Whitney acquired the space lowed by another successful engine, the R-985 Wasp Junior. propulsion company Rocketdyne from Boeing and renamed Both engines are still used on agricultural aircraft around the company Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Inc which has the world. In 1936, the company produced 1,300 aero en- been making rocket engines for the US space programme gines. After World War II, more than $400 million (Rs 1,840 since the very beginning and has powered over 1,600 crore) worth of business representing 85 per cent of its launches to date. This support continues with the company orders, was cancelled by the government causing serious providing main engines for the space shuttle as also Delta difficulties for the company. A world leader in the piston- and Atlas launch vehicles. The next US mission to the moon driven aircraft engine market during the 1930s, the com- and innovative missile defence products will also be pow- pany changed over to manufacturing jet engines in the early ered by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne engines. SP fifties and staged a recovery. The company’s J52 production for 30 years, was built for the Hound Dog missile in 1960, (To be continued)

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 19 Military Maritime Patrol Aircraft

an eye at sea: Lockheed Martin’s P-3C Orion The distinction between pirates and maritime terrorists is becoming more blurred. It is no wonder, says Joseph Noronha, that there are ever- increasing demands for maritime air surveillance both in the littorals and high seas Search at Sea he sea is beautiful, bountiful and mysterious. It can wing aircraft, besides Dhruv and Aérospatiale SA316 Alouette also be deadly. Storms can be skirted or weathered III (Chetak) helicopters. The Indian Navy currently deploys and sea monsters fortunately are no longer sight- around 15 Dornier 228-101 aircraft and 12 Israeli Searcher ed, but security threats emanating from the sea, Mark II and Heron unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the abound. Has memory faded of how a small fanati- purpose. But the country’s maritime area of interest stretches cal band of heavily armed men unleashed death from the Persian Gulf (where anti-piracy operations off the and destruction in Mumbai in November 2008, holding the coast of Somalia continue) across the Indian Ocean to the Strait Tentire nation to ransom? They arrived silently, stealthily and of Malacca. Its economic growth and energy security depends mission-critical advantages unchallenged—on a rubber dinghy. Could it happen again? on safe transit of vessels across the Arabian Sea—a region Whatever the mission Maritime terrorism is a live possibility. Terrorists could where security challenges emanating from Pakistan and non- make an unobtrusive entry by sea and attack ports and other state actors abound. The Bay of Bengal is relatively more be- for more than 40 years, some 300 bombardier special mission aircraft have been selected by countries vital shore installations. They could disrupt the sea lines of nign. Though China is reportedly making disquieting attempts around the globe to fulfill a wide spectrum of missions ranging from government vip transportation, communication (SLOCs). They could create mayhem at choke to win friends and influence people, India’s strategic strength through search and rescue, to c4isr. today, we continue to meet the critical needs of governments, points, exploiting the vulnerabilities of unarmed shipping. lies in this region. The Central Indian Ocean also bears watch- Hand-in-hand with terrorism, are increasingly audacious ating. But for these far-flung areas that may need patrolling even armed forces and commercial operators with high performance global, challenger and learjet series tempts by modern pirates to target high-value maritime assets. in peacetime, the Navy currently has resources which are de- jets and dash-8/Q-series turboprops. we meet your needs. we deliver. And the threats posed by people-traffickers and smugglers—of cades old—eight ultra-long-range Tu-142ME ‘Bear’ aircraft contraband goods, drugs, arms, ammunition and explosives— and five upgraded Il-38SD ‘May’ aircraft. have not gone away. All in all, maritime security issues are forcing governments and security agencies across the globe to Eyes and Ears No More plunge into a relatively unfamiliar environment. Maritime patrol is about monitoring, surveillance and much more. It includes active patrolling by a ship, submarine, On a Wide Watch aircraft or satellite—closely examining the patrolled area In February 2009, the Indian government designated the and ferreting out suspicious activities to be identified and Indian Navy as the authority responsible for the country’s reported. In war, it is critical for navies to locate potentially overall maritime security, which includes coastal and off- hostile forces well in advance. Carrier-based patrol aircraft shore security. The Navy is assisted by the Indian Coast are especially useful to prevent enemy submarines and Guard, state marine police and other central and state secu- ships from getting too close to the aircraft carrier. During rity agencies. The Coast Guard has additionally been desig- peacetime, patrols help to monitor and obstruct criminal ac- nated as the authority responsible for coastal security in ter- tivities, while safeguarding lawful use of the waters. Large, ritorial waters including areas to be patrolled by the coastal land-based maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) and their poorer police. The country’s maritime interests include 13 major cousins, maritime surveillance aircraft (MSA), capable of and 185 minor ports as well as offshore oil/gas assets. The monitoring long distances and remaining airborne for many area to be kept under surveillance is enormous—a 7,516 hours, are often used. Due to their wide field of view and km long coastline, 1,197 islands and an exclusive economic high speed such aircraft can rapidly scour large expanses of zone (EEZ) extending over 2.01 million square km. water. MSA are a cheaper substitute for MPA, especially in The Indian Coast Guard shoulders much of the responsibil- patrolling the EEZ that stretches to 200 nautical miles from

Photogra p h: Lockheed Martin ity for aerial coastal surveillance with its Dornier 228 fixed- the coast. They have much the same mission equipment For more inFormation: www.specialmission.bombardier.com 20 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net bombardier, learjet, challenger, global, global express, dash 8, Q-series and other bombardier aircraft model names are registered and/or unregistered trademark (s) of bombardier inc. or its subsidiaries. global express picture: copyright © 2006 raytheon company. all rights reserved. raytheon company is the mission systems integrator for astor.

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For more inFormation: www.specialmission.bombardier.com bombardier, learjet, challenger, global, global express, dash 8, Q-series and other bombardier aircraft model names are registered and/or unregistered trademark (s) of bombardier inc. or its subsidiaries. global express picture: copyright © 2006 raytheon company. all rights reserved. raytheon company is the mission systems integrator for astor.

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(514) 341-2444 #230 Bombardier Aerospace BBA-2427 SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Full Page Bleed Ad or [email protected] Specialized & Amphibious Aircraft SAAads10CDN Issue No.: #7, #8, #9, #12 of 2010 trim = 210 mm x 267 mm bleed = 220 mm x 277 mm Military Maritime Patrol Aircraft but are more compact and can deliver similar outcomes at The aircraft is also fitted with electronic support measures lower cost. An added advantage is that they can generally be (ESM) equipment. obtained commercially off the shelf. The Indian Navy is the first foreign customer of this ad- An MPA is a true multi-mission platform—one of the most vanced platform. A major Indian arms deal has been signed functional and flexible airborne systems currently available. It in advance for an aircraft that’s still under development. Un- has enough crew members, including relief flight crew, so as to der a deal worth $2.1 billion inked in January 2009, eight comfortably operate for many hours, if necessary with in-flight P-8I aircraft will be manufactured with specifications pro- refuelling. Apart from maritime surveillance, it can function in vided by the Navy. The first aircraft is expected by January anti-shipping, anti-submarine and search and rescue roles. It 2013 with the other seven deliveries likely to be scheduled is typically fitted with a variety of sensors, including radar to by 2015. There’s also an option to order eight more aircraft. detect surface shipping and magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) The planes will reportedly operate from the Naval Air Sta- to detect submarines. It can drop sonobuoys into the sea that tion Rajali, Arakkonam in Tamil Nadu. This location is fa- detect submarines and transmit data back to the aircraft voured for its long runway and southern location—which for analysis. It also has infrared cameras, useful in monitor- increases coverage over the Indian Ocean. ing shipping movements, and electronic intelligence (ELINT) But what of the long, vulnerable coastline and huge EEZ equipment to intercept telecommunications. that must be kept under surveillance? Less expensive, shorter But what about the present-day menace posed by speed- range aircraft are necessary to supplement the Poseidon’s boats bearing heavily armed pirates who freely roam the coverage. UAVs will also play an increasingly important role. seas in search of their prey—tankers and merchant ships? A need has been voiced for the acquisition of medium range Or terrorists, laden with explosives, who hijack fishing boats maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft by the Indian Navy. and use them for nefarious purposes? MPA are undoubtedly Embraer is a leading contender with its offer of the MPA EMB useful reconnaissance platforms. With actionable intelligence 145 MP twinjet. However, turboprop alternatives such as mar- they might indeed pick up and identify such threats expe- itime patrol variants of the ATR 72 and the EADS CASA C-295 ditiously. However, these aircraft are expensive to acquire also exist. Boeing could propose a modified version of the P-8I, and operate. Frittering away their flying hours in peacetime while Israel’s Elta Systems has a maritime patrol variant of would be akin to driving a tank to the supermarket and could the Dassault Falcon 900 business jet in its stable. The Indian render them unavailable for actual military missions. For this Coast Guard also plans to acquire around six MRMR aircraft reason, a mix of MPA and basic surveillance aircraft would be without ASW capability. The Russian Beriev Be-200 and the preferable. It is also important to remember that the bad guys American Bombardier Q400 are possible contenders. try to merge with the vast number of legitimate passenger, cargo and fishing vessels that ply the oceans. A trigger-happy Terrorist Pirates and Pirate Terrorists approach could easily result in an international incident. As Indian Naval pilots fly maritime air patrols they are likely to encounter aircraft from neighbouring countries on similar Poseidon Ahoy missions. Lockheed Martin recently delivered two upgraded Boeing is developing a long-range MPA for the US Navy, P-3C Orion aircraft to Pakistan under the US government’s called P-8A Poseidon. The P-8A is designed to conduct anti- Foreign Military Sales programme. The P-3C is a four-engine submarine warfare (ASW), interdict shipping, and to engage turboprop MPA with ASW capability, first introduced in the US in ELINT. It can carry torpedoes, depth charges, AGM-84 Navy in the 1960s. By 2012, the Pakistan Navy should receive Harpoon anti-ship missiles and other weapons. It can also a total of eight such upgraded aircraft. Bangladesh has also drop and monitor sonobuoys. It is planned to operate in reportedly resumed efforts to purchase two MPA. conjunction with RQ-4 Global Hawk UAVs. When it enters An estimated 500 MPA and MSA currently roam the world’s service in 2013, Poseidon will probably be the world’s most skies. Most are doddering old relics dating from 1960s and are advanced maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft. fast approaching the end of their service life. Once upon a time Based on the Boeing 737-800 airframe, the P-8A is pow- shipping was vulnerable to submarines but now the threat of ered by two CFM56-7B engines. With a maximum speed of a large-scale submarine attack is remote. Consequently many 490 knots and a ceiling of 41,000 ft it will have a projected countries are downsizing their patrol aircraft fleets. Those still 1,200 nm range and be able to sustain four hours on station, in service are used primarily for counter-smuggling and EEZ flying at different levels according to the mission requirement. enforcement duties. But peacetime maritime threats from ter- Crew workstations will have dual ultra-high resolution 24” co- rorists and pirates are increasing. Piracy is generally driven by lour displays, showing multiple layers with variable transpar- financial gain, while terrorism is politically motivated; pirates ency. Each operator will have display filters to select specific are usually associated with basic tactics/capabilities, while ter- data and overlays suitable for the particular mission and area rorists have a more sophisticated approach; piracy has tra- of interest. The tactical situation display can also be shared ditionally been confined to the tactical level while terrorism over both military standard and internet protocol data links, aims at spectacular strategic effect. However, the distinction allowing for seamless delivery of information. between pirates and maritime terrorists is becoming progres- Poseidon will have the specially designed Raytheon AN/ sively more blurred. More cooperation between the two can APY-10 radar that has maritime, littoral, and overland mis- be expected in future, with the potential to cause devastating sion capabilities. The multimode system supports synthetic effects at the regional or even global level. Is it any wonder aperture radar mode (SAR) and inverse SAR (ISAR) oper- that there are ever-increasing demands for maritime air sur- ating modes, surface search and periscope detection with veillance both in the littorals and high seas? As always, timely track-while-scan capability, navigation and weather modes. detection holds the key to an appropriate response. SP

22 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Civil Industry Boeing gung-ho about India The company promises to deliver the much-delayed 787 Dreamliner between end of first quarter and beginning of second quarter of 2011

oeing is upbeat about in- By R. Chandrakanth almost equal weekly capacity of seats. In creased passenger movement, 2010, of the weekly 80,000 seat avail- almost two-thirds of it ac- ability, Emirates surpassed with about counted by low cost carriers, 50,000 weekly seats. and is projecting that India Bwould need 1,150 aircraft valued at $130 Dreamliner to burn less fuel billion (Rs 6,00,400 crore), between now Comparing Airbus A-380 jumbo to Dream- and 2029. Making these projections, Boeing India President liner, Keskar said the latter would burn 16 per cent less fuel, Dinesh Keskar said that Boeing would address needs of saving $2.7 million per aircraft per year on Delhi-London the Indian market with its fleet of aircraft and promised to route. Dreamliner which featured at the Farnborough air show deliver Air India the delayed 787 Dreamliner between end in July 2010 had unprecedented market response–863 orders of the first quarter and beginning of the second quarter of from 56 customers including Air India and Jet Airways. 2011. “We have given a firm schedule to Air India and we Keskar said air travel in India, tied closely to its economic will stick by it,” he said. As for delayed deliveries, Air India growth, will recover by 2011. “We went through the deepest is entitled to compensation and that is being sorted out, he recession in aviation history, but now India’s recovery is one said without divulging any details. of the fastest. We believe there will be a record 50 million The factors driving the Indian aviation industry and Boe- passengers this year if the trend continues. In 2009, airlines ing’s projections stem from these—a GDP of 7 per cent, more in India carried a record 44 million passengers,” he said. disposable income, improved airport infrastructure, buoyant With regard to the freighter market in India, Keskar said, airlines, particularly low cost, reasonable fuel price (hovering “It is negligible as most of the air cargo movement is hap- around 70 dollars a barrel) and a liberalised regime. pening through the belly of the scheduled airlines.” The future belongs to point-to-point travel, indicating that the Boeing family of 737, 777 and later 787 aircraft would World Perspective address this specific requirement of passengers. The passen- Boeing studies have pointed out that airlines would need ger is clearly moving away from hub-to-hub to point-to-point, 30,900 new airplanes valued at $3.6 trillion (Rs 16,600,000 thanks to increased connectivity. The market demand for large crore), up from 18,890 airplanes in 2009. The forecast 2009- carriers (with over 400 seats) and regional carriers would be 2029 is that the world GDP is to grow at 3.2 per cent, airplane insignificant. In 2000, only fleet by 3.3 per cent, airline passengers by 4.2 per cent, and two airlines operated to cargo traffic (revenue per tonne kilometre) 5.9 per cent. three destinations with The market for new airplanes would get more geograph- Annual traffic 24 weekly frequencies ically balanced with Asia-Pacific accounting for 10,320. Air growth 2010-2029 and 412 average seats per travel is to significantly increase in all of South Asia’s mar- (all in percentages) flight. A decade later there kets (9.3 per cent annual growth). South Asia 8.4 are six airlines operating China 7.6 to eight destinations with MRO status South America 7.4 104 weekly frequencies Keskar announced that Boeing has appointed a project Middle East 7.1 and 297 average seats per management contractor for the maintenance, repair and South East Asia 6.9 flight. “The average num- overhaul (MRO) facility at Nagpur, in a tie-up with Air India Oceania 6.0 ber of seats is going down and the ground-breaking would happen by the end of the Central America 5.9 in an aircraft,” he said. year. “The MRO should be up and running in two years ad- Africa 5.5 Reflecting such phe- dressing the needs of airline operators having 787, 737 and World 5.3 SP CIS 4.8 nomenal growth has 777 aircraft,” he said. Europe 4.4 been in the Dubai-India route with Emirates lead- Northeast Asia 4.0 For more information and video, visit: ing the way. In 2000, Air North America 3.4 www.spsaviation.net

Photogra p h: A bhishek / Sp guide ubns India and Emirates had

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 23 Show Report Farnborough Iconic Show

Alan Peaford reports from Farnborough, the biggest air show of the year, where there was great optimism with news of several new aircraft, new players and new orders

PHOTOGRAPHS by abhishek singh

oeing turned up at Farnborough with a clear Airbus was even more bullish about sales and the state of message that it was not seeking headlines the industry recovery from the global recession. It recorded through orders. It didn’t need to. The interna- more than 250 orders worth $28 billion (Rs 1,29,400 crore) tional debut of the American company’s much with the company rapidly re-evaluating its sales targets and delayed Boeing 787 Dreamliner meant media production rates. from all over the world were scurrying to get a At the centre of the surge for new aircraft lay the leas- shot of the aircraft as it made its first appearance away from ing companies headed by the former ILFC founder Steven Bits test grounds in the USA. Udvar-Hazy who launched his own new leasing company, It left the show on the second day with a guard of honour Air Lease, with a raft of Airbus and Boeing orders—but also from two World War II Spitfires, an ideal image reflecting added Embraer regional jets and even ATR turboprops to just what the world’s second biggest aerospace event is all his shopping list. about—looking at the heritage and the future. The show was a great success for the Brazilians with With record numbers exhibiting and hundreds of thou- 180 orders for E-jets including 140 for UK’s FlyBe. Sukhoi sands of visitors attending the public days—the Farnbor- clocked up orders for more than 100 of its Superjet and ATR ough International Airshow 2010 gave a clear signal that af- recorded sales of 72 aircraft during the show. fection for the aerospace industry is as strong as ever—but Russia’s new mainline jet, the MS-21, was represented by also that the business is firmly back on track. a cabin mock-up at the show. Irkut showed an impressive Despite its protestations about orders, Boeing was happy wide economy seat in the planned interior which will eventu- enough to report commitments for more than 200 aircraft ally take 150-210 passengers. Ilyushin Finance added cred- during the week with 30 Boeing 777s worth more than $9 ibility to the programme with firm orders for 28 and options billion (Rs 41,600 crore) to Emirates as the highlight. for 22 more; these were followed up by orders from VEB-Liz-

24 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Show Report Farnborough

scaling heights: (opposite page) The Blades aerobatic team; (top) F-A-18 ing and new lessor Crecom leading SUPER HORNET takes off; gramme is going well and that the aircraft to a total firm sales and options for Eurofighter Typhoon with after will carry out its first unpaved runway burners on; C-130J TAKE OFF and 35 more, bringing the manufac- (bottom) Airbus A380 landing within the next few months. turer close to its 100 aircraft target. Another show debutant was the Pak- The mood at the show was cer- istani and Chinese lightweight fighter, tainly upbeat, compared with Par- the JF-17 Thunder. Two aircraft from the is last year and that was reflected Pakistan Air Force flew to Farnborough by the number of aircraft making official debuts at the show. via Saudi Arabia and Turkey to demonstrate the low-cost al- Of course the Dreamliner was the star. It was supposed to ternative to a number of visiting military delegations. Paki- be at Farnborough two years ago, but finally it arrived on the stan confirmed that the aircraft will be built by the Kamra- eve of the show. The arrival marked the end of the carbon-fibre based PAC Company in conjunction with China’s Chengdu airliner’s first transatlantic flight, which had begun 9 hours 31 Aerospace Company. minutes earlier from Boeing Field, Seattle. At the controls for Hawker Beechcraft showed its AT06 light attack and re- the historic flight were Boeing test pilots Mike Bryan and Ted connaissance aircraft for the first time. It is developed from Grady. The Dreamliner ZA003 is one of four Rolls-Royce Trent the T-6 B/C trainer and armed with a missile system from 1000-powered 787s involved in the flight-test programme and the Lockheed Martin A-10C upgrade. was equipped with a partial cabin and test equipment. Boeing showed Turkey’s first 737-based airborne early “We have had flights that were this long, but this was warning and control system. The programme has been de- the first time we have gone international and the first time layed—but full handover is expected next year. we’ve not ended up back at Boeing Field on a flight of this Airbus was also showing its anti-sub C-295 which has length,” said Tom Sanderson, who is the Test Director ZA003 been bought by the Chilean Navy. and was on board the flight. One of the biggest debates at the show revolved around Operating as flight BOE787 with around a dozen crew the controversial US tanker requirement. Boeing launched a on board, the jet made a low pass, waggling its wings to new rhetorical offensive in the KC-X contract battle at Farn- the large crowd by Farnborough’s runway before touching borough, reviving old criticisms about its down for its two-day stay on the static park. rival’s approach to hard envelope pro- As well as impressive daily demonstrations from the tection and non-feedback side sticks. A380, Airbus also had a couple of debut aircraft. The first Charles Johnson, Vice President, Mo- was the A330-200F freighter. Launch customer Etihad Air- bility, Boeing said that the bedrocks of ways took delivery at the show saying it will deploy its newly Airbus’s cockpit philosophy would place delivered Airbus on routes to Africa and China from its Abu military pilots in danger. In response, Dhabi base from September. Chief Executive James Hogan said as Etihad’s cargo division evolves, Etihad may order additional Rolls-Royce Trent 700-powered A330-200Fs further down the line. A rebound in the Asia-Pacific freight market has helped the airline lift its freight volume in the first half of 2010 by 12 per cent. The airline also has a Boeing 777F on order as part of a larger deal for passenger versions of the twinjet. The other debutant from the Euro- pean manufacturer was the A400M – the Airbus military transporter built to compete against the C17 and C130. The aircraft flew in the display and also got its new name—the Grizzly. The company reported the test pro-

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 25 Show Report Farnborough

EADS North America, which has proposed an Airbus A330- Eurofighter pilots by providing essential flight and weapon 200 modified into the KC-45 tanker, shot back that the KC-767 aiming information through line of sight imagery. Information NewGen Tanker poses the greater risk to pilot safety. imagery includes the aircraft’s flight parameters, weapons sta- “Boeing is clearly raising these red-herring issues in an tus and aiming all projected on the helmet equipment assem- attempt to distract from its lack of a tanker and from the con- bly (HEA) visor, thereby enabling the pilot to simultaneously siderable risk it is offering the US Air Force by proposing a look out in any direction (head out) and have all required flight tanker that only exists on paper,” the EADS statement said. and weapon aiming information always in his field of vision. Boeing was bullish about one of its existing aircraft. Kuwait There were also debuts in the rotor wing sector with Agus- surprised the US manufacturer by asking for information on taWestland giving a show debut of its Lynx Wildcat multi-role the F-15 Silent Eagle, making it the first non-operator of classic helicopter, with the type now in production for the British F-15s to express an interest in the latest version of the fighter. Army and UK Royal Navy, be- Boeing itself has been saying over the last year that the ing offered to export custom- Silent Eagle is aimed primarily at the countries that oper- ers. Sporting a new two-tone soaring high: (t0p) F-22 raptor and C27J ate classic F-15s, and it has been focussed on promoting grey colour scheme, the pro- spartan (below) display of its F/A-18E/F to those who do not and are looking for new range of AgustaWestland fighters. The F-15 would offer the air force longer-range range of helicopters strike capability and the potential to carry bigger weapons payload than the F/A-18E/F. “Right now, this potential customer is asking if it can have information about the F-15. Many customers are looking to recapitalise their fighters,” said Paul Oliver, Vice President, Middle East and Africa, Boeing. “There are a lot of countries looking for alternative platforms to the Lockheed Martin F-35 in the Middle East, and this is one of those,” he added. The Eurofighter Typhoon was also carrying out a display performance to challenge the F-35 with one aircraft fully laden with weapons performing each day. But it was inside the cockpit that there was something new to see. BAE Systems test pilot Nat Makepeace was demonstrating a new advanced helmet mounted symbology system (HMSS) delivered this month to the UK, Spanish, Italian and German Air Forces. The HMSS significantly improves tactical performance for

26 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net Show Report Farnborough

GRIPEN DEMO, the next- generation fighter platform being offered to the Indian Air Force made its first public appearance at Farnborough International Air show.

Gripen India Campaign Director, Eddy de la Motte (2nd from left) in front of Gripen NG Demonstrator with Gripen Swedish Air Force Chief Gen Anders Silwer (3rd from left), Indian Minister of State for Defence M.M. Pallam Raju (4th from left), Brazilian Air Forces Chief Gen Juniti Saito (5th from left) and Secretary Defence Production R.K. Singh (6th from left) and AOC-in-C of Southern Air Command, Air Marshal S. Mukherjee (7th from left) at Farnborough Air Show.

GRand DiSplay: (below) sukhoi

P hotograph: G ripe n super jet in the landing mode

gramme’s second of three prototypes was due to make its talked about. And that was the Bombardier C-Series. Ex- first flight within weeks of the show unveiling. The Anglo-Ital- pectations that Qatar Airways would be announcing itself as ian manufacturer—part of the Finmeccanica group—also of- a launch customer were dampened when the airline CEO, ficially launched the AW169, a new 4.5t class twin helicopter Akhbar al-Baker said the cost of maintenance guarantees meant to challenge Eurocopter’s Dauphin and EC145 lines. from engine-maker Pratt & Whitney were expensive. But While the company has not yet put a price tag on the 10-pas- there was some good news for the Canadian manufacturer senger multi-role design, AgustaWestland Chief Executive Gi- from Qatar. Al-Baker ordered two Global 5000 business jets useppe Orsi said during the unveiling ceremony at the show for the Qatar Executive fleet and then stunned Bombardier that the company expects at least 1,000 sales over the next 20 by adding a further order on the spot for a Challenger 605 years. Placed between the AW109 and the AW139 twins when to be used as a Medevac aircraft. it enters service in 2015, the AW169 will be powered by two There was increasing interest in the concept at the show Pratt & Whitney Canada PW210 turboshaft engines. with Dubai-owned Emivest Aerospace and its Middle East While much of the show was about what was there, distributor Action Aviation unveiling a medevac version of many observers were concerned about what wasn’t being its SJ30 light business jet. The SJ30 will now be offered in an air ambulance configuration, in addition to its traditional role as a VIP aircraft. The specialised interior will be a “quick-fit” option provided by the US medical interiors provider, Lifeport. Emivest says the SJ30 is suited for medical evacuation missions as it maintains sea-level cabin pressure up to 41,000 ft (12,500 m). For an air ambulance mission, this feature is vital, as the effects of reduced air pressure on the human body are critical for many patients. The show started with the new, but ended with the old. Aircraft from the Second World War and the Cold War pa- raded on the public days with Spitfires, Lancaster bombers and of course, the spectacular Vulcan bomber performing. The message from Farnborough was simple— aerospace good days are back. SP

For more information and video, visit: www.spsaviation.net

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 27 CEOSPEAK RALPH D. HEATH

Jayant Baranwal (SP’s): How do you perceive the trend of global market for military aviation? Ralph Heath (Heath): Well, although there are some eco- We are the nomic challenges to all nations, the one thing that is true is that nations around the world need to continue to have the capabilities and the technologies that allow them to main- only provider tain their national security. So we see that continuing and a very clear path ahead. We at Lockheed Martin are a committed part of the industry that will support all governments in of the fifth meeting their needs.

SP’s: Which markets have been the rewarding markets for Lockheed Martin Aeronautics and which markets generation need more efforts and why? Heath: There are two aspects—geographic and product specific. To start with geographic, we have enjoyed success aircraft to globally. Starting with the US, and then internationally, we have had substantial experience and success with both F-16 and C-130 for many decades. We are now embarking on the the world F-35, which is taking us to new levels of experience and opportunity. From the products that are made, our thrusts are combat aircraft and air mobility in both the tactical and strategic portions of that particular market. The combat aircraft we believe is the finest fourth generation aircraft around the world that we have seen is the F-16, which continues to mod- ernise. The F-16 IN Super Viper that we offer to the IAF is the pre-eminent capability of any fourth generation fighter in the world and we are very confident that the information that supports that point is being recognised by the Indian government. We are also the only producer of the fifth generation aircraft—the F-22 and F-35. It is clear that all air forces will move towards fifth generation capabilities at the earliest opportunity. So we feel we are at a very important and strategic position because we are the only provider of the fifth generation aircraft in the world. The C-130 has enjoyed resurgences. The C-130J which the Indian Air Force has purchased has been developed in the last decade and has been demonstrating its phenomenal capability with latest technology incorporated in the propulsion and in the payload delivery systems. We are seeing very strong potential to continue to build C- 130s for certainly at least another decade as nations recapitalise their fleets. That also happens with the United States Besides serving the US forces, Air Force. We modernised the C-5, the strategic airlifter. It Lockheed Martin is serving is only employed by the US Air Force today but has amazing capability, certainly unparalleled in the world in terms of pay- the security needs of defence load, having recently set 42 world records in payload to alti- forces across the world. At the tude It is very efficient set in operations, and has very modern, high efficiency engines and equipment. What is often not backdrop of Farnborough Air recognised is our involvement in unmanned aircraft. This is a Show 2010 in London, Ralph strategic thrust, and when eventually the unmanned aircraft market emerges we believe we will be positioned quite well Heath, Executive Vice President, to be a key competitor in the market place. Lockheed Martin Corporation SP’s: Which market has been the most rewarding across and President, Lockheed Martin the globe for Lockheed Martin, following the merger of Aeronautics Company spoke Lockheed Aeronautics Systems and Martin Marietta? Heath: We have actually covered a number of those. Twenty- to SP’s Editor-in-Chief Jayant five nations have re-capitalised their combat fighter forces about the capabilities with the F-16, which started production 30 years ago and Baranwal is still going. We are confident that we will continue seeing of the company.

Photogra p h: A bhishek / Sp guide ubns production of F-16 for quite some time. It is surpassing the

28 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net CEOSPEAK RALPH D. HEATH expectations of many people, me included. It is a tribute to the Indian government and specifically with industries and the continuous infusion of new technology so that it is mod- companies to develop similar industrial partnerships that ern. The F 16, a fourth generation fighter, continues to be we have experienced successfully around the world. We are a benchmark for air performance for combat air. The F-16 moving to a new level and our company believes that India and C-130 have been our most successful markets after the is a very important geographic region where lies our future. merger. The C-130 is really a huge success story as the value We are committed to building again very strong connections proposition, a lot of this due to operations. Many air forces industrially. There would be mutual benefits, not just to our are flying the C-130J, the new model as compared to the company but a two way flow, and we are working on this. legacy C-130s. The value, efficiency, range of payload performance is quite clear. The ability to fly at higher altitudes SP’s: Would you like to briefly outline the history of is also quite clear. That is why we believe we will continue to Lockheed Martin Aeronautics since its inception as also see very strong domain for C-130. the company’s association with India and the Indian aerospace industry? SP’s: Can you give a glimpse of which all programmes, Heath: Getting back to 1948, the B-24 Liberator was one innovations and upgrades have been introduced by of the first heritage aircraft that Lockheed built that was Lockheed Martin Aeronautics in the last 10-20 years as operated by the Indian military, followed by the Super Con- also the level of market share gained by them? stellation. Lockheed is one of the companies that emerged Heath: With regard to market share, I would simply say from the defense aerospace consolidation and became part that we are a leading competitor in tactical aviation combat of now what is known as Lockheed Martin. With regard to fighter market and among the leaders in air lift and feel the civil aircraft, it is again the Super Constellation, which is that no one has the capability that is quite the same as the both the basic and the supersonic configuration leading to C-130. We have a significant market share. , The statistics the most air dynamically impressive aircraft when built, the can be evaluated or considered in several ways, but suffice Lockheed Tri-Star, which is now operated by Air India, way it to say we are a major player in both of those markets. In back in the 1941 vintage it was operated by Tata Airlines. terms of innovations, some of the capabilities that we see in There’s quite a history and we are building new history. We F-16IN are a very clear and dramatic example of the innova- are proceeding with the C-130 programme which I am quite tions that we have been able to incorporate in the existing proud off and am looking forward to delivering the first air- platform. If we look at the fifth generation fighter, both F-22 craft to the Indian Air Force. and F-35, here we have brought together for the first time advanced low observability and what we call sensor fusion SP’s: Lockheed Martin is one of the frontrunners for the - in which many different electronic sensors are combined Indian MMRCA contract. What do you think about the and integrated so that the pilot is presented with meaningful stand and chances of winning the contract? information for him to accomplish his mission. So he does Heath: We don’t take anything for granted, but we believe not have to spend time interpreting the radar; he can simply that we have an excellent chance. The F-16 is certainly an ide- perform the mission. The data is analysed and interpreted al fit to meet the requirements of the IAF. We have tailored the and presented to him in a very informative fashion. But even configuration with F-16IN very specifically so that it matches some of our older platforms which are still in operation, the exactly the capabilities that the IAF needs. We have had the U-2, in which we continue to incorporate advance capabili- opportunity to take the aircraft to perform in country trials for ties and sensors, on behalf of the US government and that several weeks in India and other locations to demonstrate the aircraft continues to perform around the globe. The C-5, as I specific capabilities. In our opinion, the F-16 performed quite had mentioned, has an integrated new glass cockpit and the well and was quite effective in demonstrating that it can meet incorporation of latest technologies and engines. Further, or surpass all IAF requirements. We specifically designed this we are doing considerable research and development in our aircraft for the IAF and it is a very special and tailored capa- Skunk works in California, which has the heritage of techni- bility that no one else in the world can surpass. We have actu- cal innovations in aerospace developed in the last 60 years; ally demonstrated the aircraft, the physical aircraft flown by and much of this is classified work. What I would say is that IAF pilot. They are the ones who conducted the test and they the creativity, innovation and resourcefulness of the Skunk will have to confirm that this is a very fine aircraft and that Works is alive and we continue to achieve great success in will match their requirements. There are many other factors developing the capabilities for the US and others nations. including the commercial proposals which include an exten- sion at the request of the Indian government. We will be re- SP’s What kind of an association you have in other markets? sponsive to all requirements that are demanded within the Heath: We pride ourselves in two regards, one we have commercial proposals. So we will see how it wends and we had the opportunity for sales and continuous support of our will continue supporting the Indian government in this evalu- products, both fighter aircraft and air mobility airlift air- ation. We would certainly want to be selected in this and we craft, throughout the world, including Asia, both Southeast value the relationship with India very highly. Asia and South Asia. Second, we also had the opportunity to engage with various companies and other institutions Continued on page 36 in those nations to build what you call industrial strategic partnerships. Those have been very effective and we have built many over the past few decades. More recently, we To view the video of the interview, visit: have engaged in India. We have been actively engaged with www.spsaviation.net

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 29 OEM Interview We focus on the market through the eyes of our customers

Chris Chadwick, President, Boeing Military Aircraft, is in charge of six divisions—airborne battle management, airlift and tankers, global strike systems, rotorcraft systems, unmanned airborne systems, and weapons. In an interview with SP’s Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal during Farnborough Airshow 2010 in London, he spoke about the company’s growing presence in the international defence market.

Jayant Baranwal (SP’s): Can you tell us about how the Europe. There has been a lot of growth domestically. It will division controlled by you evolved since the merger of be flat in the next 5-10 years I think, but international role leading aviation giants McDonnell Douglas and Boeing is booming. in 1997? How has Boeing benefited with this merger? Chris Chadwick (Chris): The way we moved forward is SP’s: What led to the evolution of F-18 as a multi-role to focus on the market through the eyes of our custom- fighter for air forces? Is any version of F-18 being oper- ers. So instead of focusing on a product, we are focusing ated in the US, and since when? on capability. The three areas that we were going to look Chris: In reference to the Super Hornet that is the F/A-18E at are mobility, strike, and intelligence surveillance and being single seat and F being dual seat, the latest build up is reconnaissance (ISR). That is more a ladder to move for- the E/A-18G, which is the electronic attack version currently ward with more solutions and systems capability, we have being operated by the US Navy. It has probably around 350 added tremendous capability in the unmanned arena. We or so aeroplanes in its fleet. The earlier version of the Hor- have expanded our weapons business. We continue to look nets is in seven international air forces and we have just at what are the next generation capabilities like training started to expand internationally with the Super Hornet, the or advanced strike, or even the next generation of high- most recent customer being Australia. There is competition end unmanned vehicles. at present in Denmark, Brazil, India, and Japan. We see a lot more opportunities; we believe the fighter market will SP’s: What has been the share of the market in the last continue to expand. 10 years, export versus domestic? Chris: We have had good fortune of having stable prod- SP’s: It started as maritime air fighter and evolved as a ucts that tend to have low risk with right capabilities at fighter for the air forces. How did it happen? the right price. If we go back by, say, five years, the in- Chris: The approach that was taken was to design as a ternational portfolio was around 10 per cent. As we go multi-role fighter which does have maritime capabili- up over to the next 5-10 years, I think it will double or ties. We found the inherent capabilities which give you more because there is a huge market, a historic window the multi-role capability for air-to-air and air-to-ground, of opportunity in international arena with countries like the Block 2 capability that was integrated into the Super

Photogra p hs: A bhishek / Sp guide ubns India obviously, and also the Middle East, Asia Pacific and Hornet in 2007 with active electronically scanned array

30 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net OEM interview

(AESA) radar, fibre bus, an expanded cockpit really lends SP’s: The European industry has seen various tie-ups it into the naval version of war fighting or land version of and mergers. As a result, the aerospace and mili- warfighting or for air forces around the world. tary aviation industry there has gained considerable strength to offer latest technological solutions in fight- SP’s: Which country is at present the largest user of ers, trainers, transporters, special mission aircraft, refu- F-18 in Asia? ellers, helicopters and unmanned solutions. What steps Chris: There are many countries. Malaysia has F-18s and has Boeing taken to counter the threat that is arising as we move forward, I think India could be the largest if the from time to time? MMRCA deal gets finalised in our favour. There are other Chris: We have a competitive advantage as we have long Asia-Pacific countries that will look into these capabilities. production lines in the domestic arena. In line in the rotor- We can give you a list of the countries with specific number craft side of the business, Chinook, Apache Block III which of F-18s being operated by them. is the latest generation of Apaches, and the V-22. We got customers for multi-year contracts for these products. With SP’s: You mentioned about the Royal Australian Air regard to the fighter side, the F-18 continues to go strong. Force. Any feedback from their side? We are close to signing the third contract with the Super Chris: It has not been too long since we delivered our first Hornet. We extend that production line to the middle of five aircraft. The Royal Australian Air Force has been a long the decade. If we look at the C-17, it’s the workforce of time customer of the Hornet and now the Super Hornet. One the United States Air Force. Unmanned is growing. If we of the things that they are extremely happy about is that it look at tankers we do have some international capabilities. operates with the US forces, both Navy and Air Force. It has As the air force takes decision in November we are pretty state-of-the-art equipment which works in the 21st century. happy about the position we have today in terms of air It really has state-of-the-art equipment which gives them force standards. So with that it allows us to expand with the balanced blend of right capability and the right cost at derivatives for domestic customers and also for interna- the right time with low risk. We will be able to deliver the tional customers. We are able to go head to head with our aircraft in a fairly short time. competitors in Europe and international arena. There are certain cases where we wanted the team with them be- SP’s: There have been perceptions that the selection of cause they do have the good capability and we certainly F-18 has been more of political and less of technical make a turf for market environment. success. Is this true? Chris: There is always a political element to an international SP’s: Is C-17 progressing very well? competition. Our view is that the F-18 Super Hornet is the Chris: What is exciting about the Indian market is you have most advanced technological multi-role fighter in the world a customer who is extremely smart, understands what is today and will continue to be for a long time. What we have war fighting, and has been in the business for a long time. been able to do with our navy customer is make the right The Indian customers are very easy to deal with and along investments and you have seen integration of new capabili- with it you have an industrial base, which through reform ties as the years have gone by. So, the cost has been coming measures the MoD in India is taking, is really allowing to down with the capabilities going up. It is the most capable expand. So our first position is to sell the right products and multi-role fighter available today worldwide. capabilities in the way we partner with those industries in the future. That’s what we have done with the P-8I to find SP’s: So it has really not been a political choice, but a the industrial partners who can help us. As we go forward technical choice. with C-17, F/A-18 and with rotorcraft competitions with Chris: At the end of the day we try to meet our customers’ Apache and Chinook, our plan is to partner with Indian in- requirements. The air force and navy really tend to push you dustries and make the relationship a success that will last to have the right capabilities. Without the right capability, for a long time. the sales will never be made. SP’s: Do you foresee India as partner in any of the fifth SP’s: Can you give inputs about how the market is generation programmes, and if so with what kind of responding to C-17, the rates of success in terms of potentials? sales after the merger of McDonnell Douglas with Chris: I think the Indian customer will need to determine ex- Boeing? actly what kind of capability is needed. Indians have shown Chris: Prior to the merger, a majority of the sales was do- in the past and they will continue showing in the future that mestic with the United States Air Force. But as we started they will reach out to any country and any company that has looking forward in the next 3-4 years and as the interna- the right capability for their needs. We look forward to the tional market continued to grow, we had sales to the Unit- P-8I, C-17 and the Harpoon deals. The Boeing Company has ed Kingdom, we had sales to NATO and now the Middle begun to provide the Indian Air Force and Navy with rock- East is opening up, for instance Qatar. India has requested solid capabilities at the right price. SP for C-17; we just went through the flight trials. We have a good opportunity internationally in the next 3-5 years, which really is a change from how we used to sell the C-17, mainly domestic. To view the video of the interview, visit: www.spsaviation.net

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 31 oem interview Reliability and maintainability: two Outstanding Benefits

Tommy Dunehew, Vice President, Business Development Global Mobility Systems Boeing C-17 ‘Globemaster III’ spoke to SP’s about the unique attributes of C-17. Read through the interview to know in detail about the C-17

SP Guide Publications (SP’s): What are the technical knots (.76 Mach). The C-17 is designed to airdrop 102 para- features and operational attributes that make the C-17 troopers and equipment. Globemaster III unique among other similar military The design of the aircraft allows it to operate through transport aircraft in the world? small, austere airfields. The C-17 can take off and land on run- Dunehaw: Reliability and maintainability are two outstand- ways as short as 3,500 ft (1,064 m) and only 90 ft wide (27.4 ing benefits of the C-17 aircraft. Current operational require- m). Even on such narrow runways, the C-17 can turn around ments impose demanding reliability and maintainability using a three-point star turn and has backing capability. standards. These include an aircraft mission completion success probability rate of 92 per cent, only 20 aircraft mainte- SP’s: How would the aircraft perform in ‘high & hot’ con- nance manhours per flying hour, and full and partial mission ditions found at Leh, Thoise, etc? Under special circum- availability rates of 74.7 per cent and 82.5 per cent, respec- stances can the aircraft operate from Daulat Beg Auldi tively. The Boeing warranty assures these figures will be met. (DBO) at approximately 16,500 ft amsl and with how The C-17 measures 174 ft long (53 m) with a wingspan much maximum payload? of 169 ft, 10 in (51.75 m). The aircraft is powered by four, Dunehaw: The aircraft routinely operates in high and hot fully reversible, Federal Aviation Administration-certified environment. Regular missions are performed in airfields as F117-PW-100 engines (the military designation for the com- high as 13,000 ft. The environmental conditions (temperature mercial Pratt & Whitney PW2040) currently used on the and winds) and the operational requirements (reserve fuel Boeing 757. Each engine is rated at 40,440 lbs of thrust. and fuel for return mission) ultimately dictate how much pay- The thrust reversers direct the flow of air upward and for- load can be airlifted to and from airfields such as Leh. Under ward to avoid ingestion of dust and debris. Maximum use summer conditions, the aircraft could lift approximately 40 has been made of off-the-shelf and commercial equipment, tonnes (88,185 lbs). It is highly unlikely that significant pay- including Air Force-standardised avionics. loads could be delivered at extremely high altitude airfields. The aircraft is operated by a crew of three (pilot, co-pilot In those conditions, airdrops would be far more efficient. and loadmaster), reducing manpower requirements, risk ex- posure, and long-term operating costs. The cargo is loaded SP’s: What is the percentage of composites employed in onto the C-17 through a large aft door that accommodates the construction of the C-17 airframe? military vehicles and palletised cargo. The C-17 can carry Dunehaw: The horizontal tail is the only major component virtually all of the DoD’s air-transportable equipment. that is all-composite construction. Newer aircraft have this Maximum payload capacity of the C-17 is 164,900 feature as a weight-savings measure; the composite tail lbs (77,519 kg), and its maximum gross takeoff weight is weighs approximately 500 pounds less than the former alu- 585,000 lbs (265,352 kg). With a payload of 169,000 lbs minum alloy tail. (76,657 kg) and an initial cruise altitude of 28,000 ft (8,534 m), the C-17 has an unrefueled range of approximately SP’s: What are the navigation systems available on the

Photogra p h: Boeing 2,400 nautical miles. Its cruise speed is approximately 450 aircraft, both autonomous and ground-based aids, to

32 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net oem Interview achieve high degree of accuracy in global navigation? Dunehaw: The Indian Air Force (IAF) can participate in Dunehaw: The C-17 comes fully equipped with a GPS navi- Boeing’s Globemaster III Sustainment Partnership (GSP). gation system as well as systems to receive all ground-based GSP is a public/private agreement designed around the navigation signals (ILS, VOR, DME, TACAN and beacons. concept of performance-based logistics where the customer pays for readiness, not specific parts or services. Under the SP’s: Could you throw light on the C-17 load-carrying agreement, Boeing is responsible for all C-17 sustainment capabilities under different parameters such as range, activities, including material management and depot main- runway condition/length etc? tenance support. The partnership capitalises on Boeing’s Dunehaw: This chart provides relevant information to your expertise, with air force depots, to ensure readiness levels question. which meet the warfighter’s needs. The GSP programme has become a model for the future Payload MIL-C-5011A Reserves of sustainment. Boeing has supply support management for 40 tonnes 88,185 lbs 4789 Nm more than 95 per cent of the reparable parts on the C-17. 50 tonnes 110,231 lbs 4164 Nm The company continually exceeds the contract requirement of 82 per cent parts issue effectiveness (delivery rate). For 60 tonnes 132,277 lbs 3561 Nm the period of FY 2004 to FY 2009, GSP supply chain man- 73 tonnes 160,937 lbs 2823 Nm agement achieved an average of 90 per cent delivery rate for these assigned reparable items. Boeing is responsible SP’s: What makes the aircraft capable of operating from for supply support, supplier management, technical manual unlit and unpaved runways under night conditions? support, maintenance, modifications and upgradation, logis- What are the safety margins while operating under such tics engineering services and field support services. Boeing conditions and whether it can be done routinely? personnel come into contact with the aircraft everyday in Dunehaw: The C-17 operates routinely into austere (unlit the field, working alongside air force personnel to keep the and unpaved) runways any time of the day. The aircraft is C-17 fleet flying with the best availability in airlift history. SP fully configured for night vision goggle (NVG) operations (cockpit, cargo compartment, exterior lighting) that enable these manoeuvres to be conducted safely during night time conditions. Air crew training includes extensive lessons in the use of NVG equipment on board the aircraft.

SP’s: One of the major attributes of the C-17 is its quick loading/off-loading and turn around capability. Does it call for major ground-handling facilities? Dunehaw: The C-17 cargo compartment was designed to be capable of fully self-contained loading/off-loading. The aircraft ramp is adjustable to any height from the ground to truck-bed height, enabling it to handle roll-on, roll-off, palletised, and airdrop loads. The rail and roller systems can be reconfigured in minutes by a single loadmaster, even during flight. Palletised cargo can also be combat offloaded directly onto the ground where no material handling equipment is available. Coupled with its ability to back up under its own power, the C-17 is the most versatile airlifter in terms of quick turnaround, on- and off-load capabilities.

SP’s: Can reverse thrust on the engines of the C-17 be applied when the aircraft is in flight? If so, what are the implications of one or more engines failing to unreverse and how would the crew handle such an emergency? Dunehaw: Yes, the C-17 is capable of reversing the thrust in flight and uses this feature to accomplish quick descents 100 into hostile operating areas. The thrust reverse system on the 95 aircraft is extremely reliable. Even when it fails, the affected 75 engine could be shut down leaving the aircraft still capable of safe flight and landing.

25 SP’s: What is the concept of performance-based logistic support that the OEM offers with the C-17 to the USAF? 5 Would such an offer be available for India too along 0 with the fleet of 10 aircraft that are proposed to be acquired for the IAF?

AD-15 SP Land & Naval force Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 33 30 June 2010 2:32:18 AM Hall of Fame ny history of early built a compressed air engine pow- Hargrave was an excellent experi- aviation would be incom- ered by three rotating cylinders—the menter and his models were always plete without mention of radial rotary engine—which was one beautifully fashioned. Octave Cha- Lawrence Hargrave— of the great inventions of his career. nute, another aviation pioneer, said in Australia’s pride. Law- But it attracted so little notice that its 1893, “If there be one man, more than renceA was born in Greenwich, Eng- principle had to be ”discovered” all another, who deserves to succeed in land, on January 29, 1850, but when over again, many years later. He dog- flying through the air, that man is he was 15 his family migrated to Aus- gedly built not less than 17 steam en- Lawrence Hargrave. He has now con- tralia. His father, who rose to become gines—all unsuccessful. Modest and structed with his own hands no less Attorney General of New South Wales, unassuming, he had the optimism so than 18 flying machines of increasing made some prudent investments size, all of which fly. He uses ex- that later enabled Lawrence to ceeding care in determining the become a gentleman scientist of different elements which com- independent means. Lawrence pose the flight of his models. He was an engineer, historian, ex- has carefully registered the sizes plorer, astronomer, inventor, and of all the parts, the power con- aeronautical pioneer all rolled sumed in each performance and into one. the length of the flight, together After participating in some with its trajectory. He states that exploratory voyages and spend- he has always kept his work in ing several years as a profession- such shape that it could be taken al astronomer, Hargrave decided up and continued by any person to study human flight. He began at any time; so that a stranger, with experiments with mono- if an expert, could come into his plane models in 1884. He discov- shop, study his notes and draw- ered that a curved wing surface ings, pick up his tools and con- gives much greater lift than a tinue his work, and thus no por- flat one—the basic principle of tion of it would be lost.” the aerofoil used to this day in This, indeed, was the essence practically everything that flies. of Hargrave—complete selfless- Then he turned his attention to ness in his research. He invented kites. He found that a kite with LAWRENCE many devices, but never once ap- two separated “cells” or double plied for a patent. For one thing, planes had the greatest stabil- HARGRAVE his inheritance meant he did not ity and soaring power. His most need the money. But more impor- dramatic demonstration was on (1850 - 1915) tantly, he was a passionate be- November 12, 1894, when he liever in employing scientific re- linked four of his box kites to- He was an engineer, search to enhance knowledge and gether and added a sling seat historian, explorer, further human progress. He once below. The kite line was moored said, “Workers must root out the by a spring balance to two sand- astronomer, inventor and idea that by keeping the results bags. Hargrave sat in the seat, of their labours to themselves a carrying an anemometer and cli- aeronautical pioneer all fortune will be assured to them. nometer to measure wind speed rolled into one Patent fees are so much wasted and the angle of the kite line. He money. The flying machine of rose to a height of about 16 feet the future will not be born fully in a wind speed of 21 mph. This fledged and capable of a flight for experiment was widely reported 1,000 miles or so. Like everything and established the box kite as a sta- essential for an inventor and the de- else it must be evolved gradually. The ble aerial platform. By demonstrating termination that refuses to be crushed first difficulty is to get a thing that will to a sceptical public that it was pos- by failure. He was defeated only by fly at all. When this is made, a full de- sible to build a safe and stable flying the inadequacy of engineering talent scription should be published as an machine, he opened the door to other then available, shortage of money and aid to others. Excellence of design and aviation inventors. the solitary nature of his work, and workmanship will always defy compe- The Hargrave box kite, with its never managed to build an engine of tition.” Lawrence Hargrave eminently improved lift-to-drag ratio, was the adequate power-to-weight ratio. But succeeded in the first step—making a inspiration behind many first genera- in 1992, students at the University of thing that will fly. He died on July 14, tion aeroplanes. What it lacked was an Sydney rebuilt Hargrave’s 1902 air- 1915, from complications following an engine that would be light and power- craft from the original blueprint, re- appendicitis operation. SP ful enough to get it into the air and placing his engine with a modern one. —Group Captain (Retd) propel it forward. In 1889, Hargrave It flew. Joseph Noronha, Goa

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CH47F_SP Aviation.indd 1 7/21/10 8:52 AM newsDigest Military QuickRoundUp Asia-Pacific Airbus IAF motorcycle expedition on Himalayan exploration • TAM Airlines, Airbus’ biggest customer in the Southern Hemisphere and Brazil’s largest airline, signed a firm order for 25 eco-efficient Airbus aircraft, bringing the Brazilian airline’s total Airbus order book to 176. This order for 20 A320 family and five A350-900s follows the memorandum of understanding announced at ILA Berlin Air Show in June. An IAF team of 13 air warriors, astride on 10 Alenia Aermacchi motorcycles has embarked on Explore the Himalayas Air Chief visits Samtel production facilities: Air Chief Marshal • Alenia Aermacchi, a Finmeccanica odyssey from New Delhi. The P.V. Naik, Chief Of The Air Staff visited Samtel’s advanced production company, has finalised with the team was flagged off from the facilities in Delhi/ NCR on June 18, 2010. he also inaugurated the United Arab Emirates two important precincts of India Gate by Air Universal Test Bench designed by Samtel and dedicated to the contracts to provide the UAE Air Force Officer-in-charge Administra- Indian Air Force. Samtel has recently received the order for with 10 MB-339A aircraft in aerobatic supply of Universal Test Benches to HAL. tion, Air Marshal J.N. Burma. configuration. The two contracts cover The expedition will trace the the upgrading and supply of MB-339A route from New Delhi through to the National Aerobatic Team Kasauli and Kaza to Siachen Self-reliance in India’s sector only. In May 2001, the configuration. The agreement covered Base Camp and return via defence production Central Government opened initially the conversion of six aircraft, Kargil, Srinagar and Amritsar, Minister of State for De- it for participation by the already in the UAE inventory, followed covering a distance of over fence M.M. Pallam Raju private sector to the extent by the acquisition of four additional 4,500 km in sixteen days. The stated in Rajya Sabha that of 100 per cent, with foreign MB-339. team will spread awareness ‘self-reliance’ has become a direct investment permissible about the IAF amongst the significant goal in defence up to 26 per cent both subject Astrium and Thales Alenia people of Punjab, Himachal production. The defence to licensing. The Department Space Pradesh and Jammu & Kash- manufacturing sector was of Industrial Policy and Pro- mir, enroute. earlier reserved for the public motion has notified detailed • The Arabsat-5A and BADR-5 satellites have been handed over to Arabsat by Astrium and Thales Alenia Continued from page 29.... Ralph D. Heath interview Space as part of the in-orbit delivery contract and have entered commer- SP’s: There has been a debate for single opment and production programme could cial service. BADR-5 is collocated engine fighters and double engine fight- the F 35 be offered to India? Would this with the BADR-4 and BADR-6 direct- ers. How do you address this fundamen- offer be irrespective of the outcome of to-home satellites at Arabsat’s hot tal issue? the MMRCA deal? spot. Arabsat-5A is a multi-mission Heath: This is no longer an issue in fight- Heath: We believe that all air forces will be satellite which provides additional er aircraft because of the F-16 which has making transitions to fifth generation air- transmission capacity at the Arabsat demonstrated a remarkable safety re-cord craft at the earliest opportunity. It will be at orbital position for a wide range of because of the durability and reliability of different time with different air forces, de- satellite communications services. the engines in the F-16. The safety record pending on their specific threats and their of the aircraft is comparable to multi-engine fore structure recapitalisation. I obviously Boeing aircraft. The reliability of the engine is no cannot speak for the governments. I cer- longer a consideration and a single engine tainly see the US government and the Indian • Boeing has announced that it has provides an economic advantage that two government taking the appropriate discus- completed its acquisition of Narus, a engine aircraft do not have. This is the rea- sions and decisions. What would happen in leading provider of real-time network son that with the next generation aircraft the the future, I would not speculate on that. But traffic and analytics software used same thing is holding true within the US; the I would be confident of that type of transition to protect against cyber attacks F-35 is a single engine aircraft and has been in the future. On MMRCA, there is an under- and persistent threats aimed at selected by not just by the US Air Force but standing that there is an immediate need to large Internet Protocol networks. also the US Navy. The very components, the recapitalise the IAF. So we understand and Narus, headquartered in Sunnyvale, durability and reliability of engines, safety respect the need and necessity for the IAF to California, will operate within Boeing’s and performance of the aircraft is more of recapitalise with the advanced fourth gener- Network & Space Systems business a function of pilot training and the air force ation aircraft as soon as possible. We believe as a wholly owned subsidiary. safety practices. It has much less to do with that the F-16 is the best choice for that. An SpiceJet Ltd. is understood specific safety of the aircraft. The F-16 is a added advantage of the F-16 is that because that SpiceJet has ordered 30 Boeing preeminent example of being safely oper- Lockheed Martin is the prime contractor for 737-800 aircraft to take its fleet ated by pilots in all conditions. both the F-35 and the F-16 that will lead to size to 75 planes by 2018. The deal achieving long-term goals and transitioning is valued at $2.7 billion on the list SP’s: At what stage of the ongoing devel- from one generation to the next. SP prices and deliveries will begin from 2014 and continue till 2018.

36 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net newsDigest Appointments guidelines for licensing pro- RoundUp duction of arms and ammuni- Quick Bombardier tion. So far 135 licences have Bombardier Aerospace announced that Gary been issued to 75 companies Embraer Martin has joined the Bombardier Customer in the private sector. The De- Services Leadership Team as Vice President, fence Public Sector Undertak- • Embraer and the Brazilian Air Force Sales, Marketing and Service Programmes. Mar- ings (DPSUs) and ordnance (FAB) have announced at the 47th tin’s appointment to this newly created position factories have been upgrading Farnborough International Air show marks an important step in Bombardier’s drive and modernising their plants FAB’s intention of making a future to continuously elevate the standard of its service to increase their produc- purchase of 28 KC-390 aircraft. The and support network around the globe. tion capacities. DPSUs and development programme for the new Bombardier Business Aircraft has announced the ordnance factories have been military jet transport was signed by FAB appointment of Chiko Kundi as Manager, International advised to invest significantly and Embraer in April 2009 during the Pre-Owned Aircraft Sales, Bombardier Business Aircraft. in research and development seventh edition of Latin America Aero Reporting to Mike Fahey, Vice President, Worldwide Learjet (R&D) efforts. In addition, the and Defence in Rio de Janeiro. and Pre-Owned Aircraft Sales, Kundi will be responsible Defence Procurement Proce- Embraer and Republic Airlines, for the sale of pre-owned Learjet, Challenger and Global dure–2008 provides for differ- the largest E-Jets operator in the business jets in Asia, Australia, China, India and Sub- ent categories of purchases/ world, have signed a Letter of Intent Saharan Africa. acquisition of defence equip- for the sale of 24 EMBRAER 190 jets, ment for boosting indigenous tat the 47th Farnborough Internation- EADS production of defence goods. al. The total value of the agreement, Carlaine Blizzard has joined EADS North America as vice at list price, is $960 million, based president of the company’s Homeland Security line of busi- DRDO conducts on January 2010 rates. ness. In her new role, Blizzard is responsible for programme Interceptor Missile test management, product technologies, and activities related to On July 26, the Defence General Electric federal marketing and sales for homeland security pro- Research and Development grammes. Blizzard will work closely with the EADS Chief Organisation (DRDO) success- • General Electric Aircraft Engines Technology Office as well as with the EADS North America fully conducted fourth consec- has been awarded a maximum Defense Electronics & Systems line of business to broaden utive Interceptor Missile test $445.3 million firm-price, sole-source, EADS North America’s homeland security portfolio and iden- in endo atmospheric regime at requirement-type contract for engine tify new and emerging product markets for the company’s 15 km altitude off ITR, Chan- parts for US Army, Navy, Air Force and non-platform homeland security products. dipur, Orissa. The single stage Marine Corps. The original proposal was Interceptor Missile fitted with Web-solicited with one response. The Raytheon directional warhead and other date of completion is March 31, 2011. Raytheon Company has appointed Dr Mark T. advanced systems neutralised Esper to the position of vice president, Govern- the target. The target ballistic Hawker Beechcraft ment Relations. Esper will report to Thomas M. enemy missile was launched Culligan, the company’s executive vice president from Launch Complex–III, ITR • Hawker Beechcraft Corporation (HBC) of Business Development and CEO of Raytheon Chandipur. The missile fitted has announced that it has delivered the International, Inc. Prior to Raytheon, Esper was with directional warhead was first eight Beechcraft T-6A military train- the executive vice president of the Global Intel- launched from Wheeler Island ers ordered by the Iraqi Air Force and lectual Property Centre and vice president of the and destroyed the target mis- is on schedule to deliver seven more of US Chamber of Commerce. sile breaking it into fragments. the high performance turboprop aircraft All weapon system elements by the end of the year. HBC received Rockwell Collins including command and the initial order in August 2009 and To further expand Rockwell Collins’ international growth control, communication and the follow-on order for seven additional strategy, the company recently announced new leadership radar performed satisfactorily. aircraft in September 2009. appointments within its International and Service Solutions organization (I&SS). The following newly created positions, Americas Indian Defence reporting to Greg Churchill, Executive Vice President, I&SS, include: L-3 receives order for eight • Defence Minister A.K. Antony in a • Scott Gunnufson has been appointed Vice President and additional C-27J JCA written reply in the Rajya Sabha stated General Manager Service Solutions L-3 Communications, the that the Ministry of Commerce and • LeAnn Ridgeway will be responsible for leading busi- prime contractor for the US Industry has circulated a discussion ness development for all services in North and South Army and Air Force Joint Car- paper suggesting that the Foreign America. go Aircraft (JCA) programme, Direct Investment cap in the defence • Ken Estelle has been appointed Senior Director, Business announced on July 19, the manufacturing sector be raised to 74 Development. Thierry Tosi has been appointed Vice Presi- fiscal year 2010 order from per cent from the existing 26 per cent. dent, Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A). the JCA Joint Programme The response of Defence Ministry is Office for eight C-27J JCA air- under formulation. Cessna craft. This order, with a value Cessna Aircraft Company announced that of more than $200 million, Indian Air Force Peter Wilkinson will head Cessna’s McCauley brings the current contract Propeller Systems operations as general man- total to 21 aircraft. The eight • IAF’s Mi-17 evacuated nine local ager, and that Bill Collier will assume control aircraft are scheduled for villagers from Har ki Paudi near Bahu of both the turbine and propeller aircraft parts delivery in series between July Fort, Jammu who were stuck due to ris- distribution groups for Cessna. Wilkinson and 2012 and April 2013. Each of ing waters of the normally shallow Tawi Collier will report to Mark Paolucci, senior vice the aircraft ordered includes river while trying to cross the stream president, Cessna Customer Service. the specialised equipment but were stuck due to flash floods due needed to support medical

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 37 newsDigest Show Calendar QuickRoundUp 12–14 August LABACE 2010 to recurrent rains in the J&K region. Congonhas Airport, São Paulo, Brazil Irkut Corporation www.abag.org.br • Irkut Corporation and Malaysia- 16–20 August based Crecom Burj Resources Ltd, Aviation Outlook have signed a contract for 50 MC-21 A frica 2010 passenger aircraft at the Farnborough BMW Pavilion Conference International. The contract includes a Centre, Cape Town, South Africa firm order for 25 MC-21-200 and 25 www.terrapinn.com/2010/ MC-21-300 starting from 2016. aviationza Israel and US 25–28 August Bengaluru Space • Israel’s Ministry of Defense and Expo 2010 Right Time: Rolls-Royce Director of Corporate Global Development the US Department of Defense have Bengalure International Miles Cowdry and HAL Chairman Ashok Nayak in front of the Hawk signed a deal to develop the Arrow 3 Exhibition Centre (BIEC), aircraft presenting a memento to the British Prime Minister David anti-missile system, integrating Israel’s Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Cameron. The Adour engine agreement with HAL for an additional anti-missile systems. The Arrow 3 will 57 Adour powered Hawk aircraft for the Indian Air Force and www.bsxindia.com Indian Navy was finalised in the presence of the UK PM. the PM also make it possible for Israel to intercept announced a new joint scholarship with Rolls-Royce for science long-range ballistic missiles and weap- 6-8 September and innovation, uniquely tailored for India ons of mass destruction from outside INDESEC Expo 2010 the atmosphere. The new interceptor Pragati Maidan, will complete Israel’s anti-missile multil- New Delhi, India evacuation, troop movement the Sikorsky S-76 helicopter ayered capacity, which includes the Iron www.indesec-expo.com and air drop missions. platform. SAS is the after mar- Dome, the David’s Sling, and the Arrow. ket division of Sikorsky Aircraft 13–16 September Corporation, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Airport & Aviation Civil Aviation United Technologies Corpora- Security India 2010 tion. Since 2007, Sikorsky has • Lockheed Martin has recently de- The LaLiT Bharat Hotels Ltd, Asia-Pacific worked in tandem with Tata livered the first AN/AAQ-39 targeting New Delhi, India Advanced Systems Limited system full production unit to the US http://www.airportsecindia. Citation Mustang certified (TASL), Delhi to explore the Air Force. Q-39 is the electro-optical/ com/Event.aspx?id=300184 in India creation of aerospace op- infrared fire control system for the Cessna Aircraft Company an- erations in India. Last year, US Air Force Special Operations 14–16 September nounced on July 21 that the Sikorsky and TASL expanded Command AC-130U Gunship. Q-39 im- inter airport China 2010 Citation Mustang business jet this association into a joint proves on the combat-proven Gunship China International Exhibition has gained certification in In- venture agreement. TASL pro- Multispectral Sensor System (GMS2). Centre, Beijing, China dia from the Director General duces aerospace components Like GMS2, Q-39 includes a large- www.interairportchina.com of Civil Aviation. The Mus- and S-92 helicopter cabins for aperture, midwave infrared sensor, two tang, originally certified by Sikorsky. image-intensified television cameras 15–17 September the US Federal Aviation Ad- and a near-infrared laser pointer. JET EXPO 2010 ministration in 2006, is now Star Alliance member Crocus Expo International certified in over 60 countries. carriers at Terminal 3 Northrop Grumman Exhibition Centre, Moscow The world’s first fully certified www.jetexpo.ru entry level business jet, the • Northrop Grumman Corporation Mustang is a six-place aircraft has been awarded a $46.3 million, 20–21 September with a top speed of 340 knots four-year contract to further develop, 8th Annual Middle East (630 kilometres per hour), a test and field-demonstrate a net- & Africa Airfinance range of 1,150 nautical miles centric architecture system that en- Conference (2,130 kilometres) with NBAA hances warfighters’ awareness of the Jumeirah Beach Hotel, Dubai IFR Reserves and a service surrounding battlefield environment. www.euromoneyseminars. ceiling of 41,000 feet (12,497 The system, heterogeneous airborne com/MEA10 metres), enabling more ef- Star Alliance has become the reconnaissance team (HART), is ficient operations above most first and only airline alliance designed to autonomously manage 23–24 September weather and commercial to establish a series of joint a mix of manned and unmanned Light Jets Europe 2010 traffic. passenger amenities and aircraft and sensors, and distribute London Oxford Airport, U.K. related infrastructure at the actionable intelligence, surveillance www.miuevents.com/lje10 Sikorsky Aerospace to pro- newly developed Terminal 3 and reconnaissance information on vide customer service at New Delhi’s Indira Gandhi demand to soldiers in the field. 27–30 September Sikorsky Aerospace Services International Airport. Check-in World Low Cost Air- (SAS) on July 20 signed an counters for all member carri- RAAF lines agreement with Deccan ers are co-located in adjacent Sofitel, Heathrow, London Charters Ltd of Bangalore, that rows E, F, G, H, J and K. • F-111s of the Royal Australian www.terrapinn.com/2010/ appoints their Mumbai facility Austrian, Continental Airlines, Air Force (RAAF) are taking part in wlac/index.stm as an authorised customer Lufthansa and SWISS share their final exercise before retiring service centre (CSC) to support a joint ticket desk, accessible

38 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net newsDigest from both inside and outside OEMs fine with FDI norms RoundUp the terminal, allowing easier Quick access for passengers. The co- hile there is widespread opposition to the Commerce located Star Alliance area will Ministry’s proposal to increase the cap in foreign direct from service at the end of 2010. offer unprecedented customer Winvestment (FDI) in the defence sector from the present After 37 years, the iconic F-111s are experience in conjunction 26 per cent to 74 per cent, original equipment manufacturers the longest serving aircraft currently with New Delhi’s newest air (OEMs) seem to be fine with the present status. There is a fair in the RAAF fleet. The aircraft is af- terminal. Future Star Alliance amount of understanding within the industry that strategic sec- fectionately known as the Pig for its member carrier Air India is tors need to have checks and balances. ability to hunt at night with its nose also located in the same area, Since 9/11, countries have upped their antenna with regard in the weeds, thanks to its terrain- to strategic sector investments and this protectionist drift in FDI providing seamless service to following radar. policy was noticed when the US enacted the Foreign Investment customers. and National Security Act, empowering its President to prohibit RTAF Americas foreign acquisitions of the US companies that may harm its own national security. • The first three Gripen aircraft made Such being the case, the proposal appears to be a hasty one Piaggio Aero expands ser- and was shot down by the Minister of Defence, A.K. Antony stating, for Royal Thailand Air Force (RTAF) vice network “Defence sector is not ready to absorb more FDI.” Industry associa- will arrive in Thailand in January Piaggio America, announced tions have rallied behind him. Dr. Amit Mitra, Secretary General, 2011 and the remaining three are on July 29, addition of three Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) due in March 2011. Training of pilots, North American authorised said, “There has to be a thorough scrutiny in FDI in defence, unlike technicians and ground support is service centres to support the any other sector where we are open for 100 per cent FDI.” taking place in Sweden. company’s Italian manufac- Dr Mitra said that many OEMs have entered into joint ven- tured P 180 Avanti II aircraft. tures at 26 per cent cap itself and they include BAE Systems–Ma- Raytheon With nine North American hindra & Mahindra; Sikorsky-Tata; EADS-L&T Manufacturing service centres already in Co.; Lockheed Martin-Tata; Elettronica Defence Systems-Alpha • Raytheon Company has completed place, Piaggio America contin- Design Technologies, etc. the upgrade of a Patriot radar, on ues to strengthen its network Endorsing this, Roger Rose, CEO, Lockheed Martin India said, loan from the US Army, to the latest through a partnership with “We will live by FDI. India is a good bet and we will go by the rules, configuration and now has the neces- Crownair Aviation, provid- we will play by the rules. Low-end technology is not inherent at 26 sary support system in place to begin ing services in San Diego and per cent.” However, down the road is what the major players fear. the design verification and validation Carlsbad, California. In addi- “When Lockheed looks at the medium, multi-role combat aircraft testing for the UAE’s Patriot Air and tion to constant aviation with (MMRCA) bid, we know there is a $5 billion (Rs 23,100 crore) offset Missile Defense Systems. “This is a centre in Birmingham, Ala. requirement and we need to find one Indian partner with 74 per an important milestone for the UAE To deliver convenience and cent of the equity. So if we have $5 billion, we will need a company programme. It’s one shared by our 12 superior customer service to which has $15 billion (Rs 69,400 crore). There is a huge rush for current Patriot partner nations and a growing number of Avanti II defence here and Lockheed will be steady, grinding through the future partners as we manufacture owners, Piaggio chose two of process and not by demanding changes in the policies.” new Patriot systems again,” said San- the most respected business Col (Retd.) H.S. Shankar, Chairman and Managing Director jay Kapoor, vice president of Patriot aircraft maintenance organ- of Alpha Design Technologies said that FDI should not be more Programs at Raytheon Integrated isations in the country that than 49 per cent. “The OEM who has a limited stake has a bet- Defense Systems. understand the importance of ter opportunity of keeping production costs lower and to boost aircraft accessibility, predict- exports (buy back).” Rolls-Royce ability and cost. India and China have been spending “big” on new defence platforms and systems, irrespective of the FDI limits, and the operative • Rolls-Royce, the global power sys- words is “cautious approach”. • tems company, secured $1.7 billion Industry —By R.Chandrakanth in new orders during the Farnborough Air Show, demonstrating the group’s Americas leading edge technology, broad portfolio and successful after market Boeing’s first Super Hornet between Boeing and HAL. information technology com- capability. Two new Rolls-Royce with HAL Gun Bay Door It is a direct result of Boe- pany, has bagged a contract for powered aircraft also made their ing’s industrial participation NASA’s crew, robotics, avion- Farnborough debut, the Boeing 787 commitment to India, which ics, and vehicle equipment Dreamliner and the Airbus A400M. includes creating jobs with (CRAVE) programme as part indigenous companies. The of the Oceaneering Space Sys- Serbian Defence Ministry two companies also work tems. The Oceaneering team together on projects for the is one of three industry teams • Forecast International has stated P-8I multi-mission maritime and two universities selected that Serbia is hoping to wrap up aircraft and for the commer- to participate in the five-year a study by the end of the year cial Boeing 777 airplane. indefinite delivery/indefinite concerning which combat aircraft Boeing on July 20 delivered to quantity (IDIQ) contract, which alternative will best suit its Air the US Navy the first F/A-18 has a ceiling value of $70 Force needs. The Serbian Defence Super Hornet featuring a gun Space million. CRAVE contracts will Ministry is analysing responses from bay door manufactured by cover a wide range of tasks producers of the world’s fourth- and India-based Hindustan Aero- Asia-Pacific for all human spaceflight fifth-generation aircraft, seeking nautics Limited (HAL).HAL programs supported by the to determine which multi-mission manufactures the doors at its Harris Corporation awarded Johnson Space Center Engi- platform meets its air force require- facility in Bangalore, India. IDIQ contract neering Directorate, including ments while also providing the most The gun bay door contract Harris Corporation, an inter- the space shuttle, space sta- cost-effective solution. is the first military contract national communications and tion and exploration. •

Issue 8 • 2010 SP’S AVIATION 39 LastWord Amend Measures he unprecedented boom in the aviation sector that The Air Trans- began in 2004 propelled the airlines on to growth port Circular 10 of trajectories unknown in the industry. Annual 2009 though issued growth of passenger traffic peaked around 37 per in October 2009 but Tcent and stabilised at an average of around 25 per cent. Hit implemented only in by global recession, the growth rate slowed down some- July 2010, militates what from the middle of 2008. However, the latter half of against the low cost 2009 once again witnessed an upswing in the fortunes of carriers (LCC) that The DGCA the airline industry with the volume of traffic registering aim for a 30-minute a respectable growth. At this point, all of India’s airlines turnaround and opti- directives appear inclusive of the national carrier appear to be well set on mum utilisation of the to be targeting the path of recovery. aircraft in a 24-hour Unfortunately, when the airline industry was gallop- cycle. The circular ob- only the operators ing, the government controlled aviation infrastructure was viously did not take and passengers. growing at a paltry 4-5 per cent annually widening the gap into account opera- between demand and supply. The inevitable consequence of tional imperatives of The real solution the gross mismatch was severe congestion and chaos espe- the LCCs. The airports lies in addressing cially at the metros and the old airports at Bengaluru and where the new direc- Hyderabad. Countrywide, the congestion led to interminable tive is being imple- the root cause of delays with cascading effect on schedules. On-time perfor- mented are Mumbai, the problem— mance of airlines was indeed quite dismal. New Delhi, Bengaluru, With the commissioning of greenfield airports at Ben- Kolkata, Hyderabad inadequacy of galuru and Hyderabad, and upgradation of the four met- and Chennai. In the infrastructure. ros progressing rapidly, there has been some reduction in new terminal T3 at congestion and perceptible improvement in punctuality. the Indira Gandhi In- However, in an effort to obviate return of the malaise in ternational Airport at the next phase of the boom in air travel, the Directorate Delhi, passengers will General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) in October 2009 issued have only 25 minutes the Air Transport Circular 10 of 2009 defining a series of to transit from the check-in counter through security check steps to ease congestion at airports beginning with Mum- to reach the farthest boarding gate. However, practically, a bai and Delhi. These two airports together handle a major normal able-bodied adult passenger would need at least 30 share of the air traffic in the country and are relatively minutes for this journey at a comfortable pace. Clearly, un- more vulnerable to congestion-related delays. As per the der the new dispensation, the exercise of boarding a flight at circular, the check-in counters are to close 40 minutes the major airports with the check-in procedure afflicted by prior to the scheduled time of departure (STD), as against archaic methods and practices is going to be a mad scram- the norm of 30 minutes. Airlines have the flexibility to ad- ble even for a physically fit individual. The circular has also vance this further and passengers are now being advised placed debilitating restrictions turning business aviation at by some airlines to reach the check-in counter two hours the major airports into a nightmarish experience. before STD. Essentially, the measures stipulated by the DGCA are Also, the aircraft engaged in domestic operations would meant to ensure that flights are not delayed and airlines be required to contact surface movement control at least 15 improve on-time performance. However, effectively, the new minutes prior to the STD for push-back and engine start. As directives appear to be targeting only operators and pas- it would take approximately 20 minutes to embark full load sengers. While these measures may help reduce congestion, of passengers booked on an Airbus 320 class of aircraft, the effect is likely to be only temporary and that too at the boarding would have to commence at least 35-40 minutes cost of passenger inconvenience and wastage of time. The prior to STD. Besides, if the commander fails to adhere to real solution lies in addressing the root cause of the prob- the 15-minute deadline for moving out of the parking bay, lem—inadequacy of infrastructure. Check-in and security the departure would be put on hold and rescheduled by screening facilities need to be expanded substantially and 60-90 minutes. For passengers who have already boarded need to operate with much higher levels of efficiency. Merely the flight, the rescheduling would translate to an excruciat- cracking the whip at the hapless fare-paying air traveller is ing delay that one would have experienced on account of really not a fair solution. SP

illustration: A noop Kamath illustration: congestion. — Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey

40 SP’S AVIATION Issue 8 • 2010 www.spsaviation.net small web world of SP’s www.spguidepublications.com

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