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Aerospace Engine Data
AEROSPACE ENGINE DATA Data for some concrete aerospace engines and their craft ................................................................................. 1 Data on rocket-engine types and comparison with large turbofans ................................................................... 1 Data on some large airliner engines ................................................................................................................... 2 Data on other aircraft engines and manufacturers .......................................................................................... 3 In this Appendix common to Aircraft propulsion and Space propulsion, data for thrust, weight, and specific fuel consumption, are presented for some different types of engines (Table 1), with some values of specific impulse and exit speed (Table 2), a plot of Mach number and specific impulse characteristic of different engine types (Fig. 1), and detailed characteristics of some modern turbofan engines, used in large airplanes (Table 3). DATA FOR SOME CONCRETE AEROSPACE ENGINES AND THEIR CRAFT Table 1. Thrust to weight ratio (F/W), for engines and their crafts, at take-off*, specific fuel consumption (TSFC), and initial and final mass of craft (intermediate values appear in [kN] when forces, and in tonnes [t] when masses). Engine Engine TSFC Whole craft Whole craft Whole craft mass, type thrust/weight (g/s)/kN type thrust/weight mini/mfin Trent 900 350/63=5.5 15.5 A380 4×350/5600=0.25 560/330=1.8 cruise 90/63=1.4 cruise 4×90/5000=0.1 CFM56-5A 110/23=4.8 16 -
6. Chemical-Nuclear Propulsion MAE 342 2016
2/12/20 Chemical/Nuclear Propulsion Space System Design, MAE 342, Princeton University Robert Stengel • Thermal rockets • Performance parameters • Propellants and propellant storage Copyright 2016 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only. http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE342.html 1 1 Chemical (Thermal) Rockets • Liquid/Gas Propellant –Monopropellant • Cold gas • Catalytic decomposition –Bipropellant • Separate oxidizer and fuel • Hypergolic (spontaneous) • Solid Propellant ignition –Mixed oxidizer and fuel • External ignition –External ignition • Storage –Burn to completion – Ambient temperature and pressure • Hybrid Propellant – Cryogenic –Liquid oxidizer, solid fuel – Pressurized tank –Throttlable –Throttlable –Start/stop cycling –Start/stop cycling 2 2 1 2/12/20 Cold Gas Thruster (used with inert gas) Moog Divert/Attitude Thruster and Valve 3 3 Monopropellant Hydrazine Thruster Aerojet Rocketdyne • Catalytic decomposition produces thrust • Reliable • Low performance • Toxic 4 4 2 2/12/20 Bi-Propellant Rocket Motor Thrust / Motor Weight ~ 70:1 5 5 Hypergolic, Storable Liquid- Propellant Thruster Titan 2 • Spontaneous combustion • Reliable • Corrosive, toxic 6 6 3 2/12/20 Pressure-Fed and Turbopump Engine Cycles Pressure-Fed Gas-Generator Rocket Rocket Cycle Cycle, with Nozzle Cooling 7 7 Staged Combustion Engine Cycles Staged Combustion Full-Flow Staged Rocket Cycle Combustion Rocket Cycle 8 8 4 2/12/20 German V-2 Rocket Motor, Fuel Injectors, and Turbopump 9 9 Combustion Chamber Injectors 10 10 5 2/12/20 -
Helicopter Turboshafts
Helicopter Turboshafts Luke Stuyvenberg University of Colorado at Boulder Department of Aerospace Engineering The application of gas turbine engines in helicopters is discussed. The work- ings of turboshafts and the history of their use in helicopters is briefly described. Ideal cycle analyses of the Boeing 502-14 and of the General Electric T64 turboshaft engine are performed. I. Introduction to Turboshafts Turboshafts are an adaptation of gas turbine technology in which the principle output is shaft power from the expansion of hot gas through the turbine, rather than thrust from the exhaust of these gases. They have found a wide variety of applications ranging from air compression to auxiliary power generation to racing boat propulsion and more. This paper, however, will focus primarily on the application of turboshaft technology to providing main power for helicopters, to achieve extended vertical flight. II. Relationship to Turbojets As a variation of the gas turbine, turboshafts are very similar to turbojets. The operating principle is identical: atmospheric gases are ingested at the inlet, compressed, mixed with fuel and combusted, then expanded through a turbine which powers the compressor. There are two key diferences which separate turboshafts from turbojets, however. Figure 1. Basic Turboshaft Operation Note the absence of a mechanical connection between the HPT and LPT. An ideal turboshaft extracts with the HPT only the power necessary to turn the compressor, and with the LPT all remaining power from the expansion process. 1 of 10 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics A. Emphasis on Shaft Power Unlike turbojets, the primary purpose of which is to produce thrust from the expanded gases, turboshafts are intended to extract shaft horsepower (shp). -
USAF USAF Weapons 2008 USAF Almanac by Susan H.H
Gallery of USAF USAF Weapons 2008 USAF Almanac By Susan H.H. Young Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2007. Bombers B-1 Lancer Brief: A long-range, air refuelable multirole bomber capable of flying missions over intercontinental range, then penetrating enemy defenses with the largest pay- load of guided and unguided weapons in the Air Force inventory. Function: Long-range conventional bomber. Operator: ACC, AFMC. First Flight: Dec. 23, 1974 (B-1A); Oct. 18, 1984 (B-1B). Delivered: June 1985-May 1988. IOC: Oct. 1, 1986, Dyess AFB, Tex. (B-1B). Production: 104. Inventory: 67. Unit Location: Dyess AFB, Tex., Ellsworth AFB, S.D., Edwards AFB, Calif. Contractor: Boeing; AIL Systems; General Electric. Power Plant: four General Electric F101-GE-102 turbo- fans, each 30,780 lb thrust. B-1B Lancer (Richard VanderMeulen) Accommodation: four, pilot, copilot, and two systems officers (offensive and defensive), on zero/zero ACES II ejection seats. B-1B. Initiated in 1981, the first production model of Unit Location: Whiteman AFB, Mo. Dimensions: span spread 137 ft, swept aft 79 ft, length the improved variant B-1 flew in October 1984. USAF Contractor: Northrop Grumman; Boeing; Vought. 146 ft, height 34 ft. produced a total of 100. The active B-1B inventory was Power Plant: four General Electric F118-GE-100 turbo- Weights: empty equipped 192,000 lb, max operating reduced to 67 aircraft (from the remaining 92) with con- fans, each 17,300 lb thrust. weight 477,000 lb. solidation to two main operating bases within Air Combat Accommodation: two, mission commander and pilot, Ceiling: more than 30,000 ft. -
Session 6:Analytical Approximations for Low Thrust Maneuvers
Session 6: Analytical Approximations for Low Thrust Maneuvers As mentioned in the previous lecture, solving non-Keplerian problems in general requires the use of perturbation methods and many are only solvable through numerical integration. However, there are a few examples of low-thrust space propulsion maneuvers for which we can find approximate analytical expressions. In this lecture, we explore a couple of these maneuvers, both of which are useful because of their precision and practical value: i) climb or descent from a circular orbit with continuous thrust, and ii) in-orbit repositioning, or walking. Spiral Climb/Descent We start by writing the equations of motion in polar coordinates, 2 d2r �dθ � µ − r + = a (1) 2 2 r dt dt r 2 d θ 2 dr dθ aθ + = (2) 2 dt r dt dt r We assume continuous thrust in the angular direction, therefore ar = 0. If the acceleration force along θ is small, then we can safely assume the orbit will remain nearly circular and the semi-major axis will be just slightly different after one orbital period. Of course, small and slightly are vague words. To make the analysis rigorous, we need to be more precise. Let us say that for this approximation to be valid, the angular acceleration has to be much smaller than the corresponding centrifugal or gravitational forces (the last two terms in the LHS of Eq. (1)) and that the radial acceleration (the first term in the LHS in the same equation) is negligible. Given these assumptions, from Eq. (1), dθ r µ d2θ 3 r µ dr ≈ ! ≈ − (3) 3 2 5 dt r dt 2 r dt Substituting into Eq. -
Thrust Reverser
DC-10THRUST REVERSER Following an airplane accident in which inadver- tent thrust reverser deployment was considered a major contributor, the aviation industry and SAFETY the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) adopted new criteria for evaluating the safety of ENHANCEMENT thrust reverser systems on commercial airplanes. Several airplane models were determined to be uncontrollable in some portions of the flight HARRY SLUSHER envelope after inadvertent deployment of the PROGRAM MANAGER AIRCRAFT MODIFICATION ENGINEERING thrust reverser. In response, Boeing and the BOEING COMMERCIAL AIRPLANES GROUP SAFETY FAA issued service bulletins and airworthiness AERO directives, respectively, for mandatory inspec- 39 tions and installation of thrust reverser actuation system locks on affected Boeing-designed airplanes. Boeing and the FAA are issuing similar documents for all models of the DC-10. air seal, fairing, and the aft frame; MODIFICATION OF THE THRUST a proposed AD for the indication reverser. This allows operators to stock and checks of the feedback rod-to-yoke 2 system on all models of the DC-10. neutral spare reversers and quickly The safety enhancement program REVERSER INDICATION SYSTEM oeing has initiated a four- alignment, translating cowl auto- An AD mandating the incorporation of configure them for any engine position. phased safety enhancement for the DC-10 is designed to improve restow function, position indication The second phase of the DC-10 safety B enhancement program involves modify- Boeing Service Bulletin DC10-78-060 The basic design elements of the program for thrust reverser the reliability of the thrust reverser for the overpressure shutoff valve, is expected by the end of 2000. -
Bright IDAIR the Full-Service Future for In-fl Ight Communications
June 2012 Pilot training: it’s not just about fl ight hours Falcon 2000S performs with great comfort Business fl yers just a political punch bag? Onboard food moves out of the 1980s Bright IDAIR The full-service future for in-fl ight communications www.evaint.com contents 42 2 Opinion 4 Technology: in-fl ight communications Today’s travellers expect to do business as in the office, and entertain themselves like they would at home. New hardware and software developments mean the sky is no longer the limit 10 FBO profi le: Ocean Sky The group is investing across the board in its Luton operations as the Olympics come to town 12 Pilot training The FAA proposes a sixfold increase in the hours trainee pilots should fl y, but fl ight schools take a more holistic view of pilot profi ciency 17 Airframe: Dassault Falcon 2000S The newcomer in Q1 2013 promises new levels of performance, space and comfort in the super midsize sector 22 Special report: aviation policy Taxes, tighter finacial rules, emissions trading, slot auctioning… our US correspondent and a UK aviation consultancy consider whether business aviation has become a political punch bag 28 Pre-owned aircraft Lack of fi nance is still locking up the lower end of the market, but high rollers are still active. Meanwhile The Jet Business has launched with a radical new philosophy 36 Regional report: Western Europe Charter brokers and operators see optimistic signs in the UK and Switzerland. Ireland is also defying the euro crisis, but there’s a two-speed recovery in the south of France 42 Interiors Almadesign in Portugal and the Priestmangoode consultancy both believe cabin design is mired in the past and needs to learn from other transport modes. -
Dassault Aviation Falcon 7X Draft Revision 6 11 April 2012
EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY Operational Evaluation Board Report Dassault Aviation Falcon 7X Draft Revision 6 11 April 2012 European Aviation Safety Agency Postfach 10 12 53 D-50452 Köln Germany EASA Operational Evaluation Board Dassault Aviation F7X – FCL & OPS Subgroup Dassault Aviation has requested a JOEB process for the evaluation of the Falcon 7X. Due to the various subjects, subgroups have been set up and are: • MMEL Subgroup • FCL & OPS Subgroup • Simulator JSET subgroup • Cabin Crew Subgroup This OEB Report Revision 6 covers the FCL & OPS activities. DA F7X OEB, Draft Revision 6 page 2 EASA Operational Evaluation Board Dassault Aviation F7X – FCL & OPS Subgroup Revision Record Rev. No. Content Date First Issue New Evaluation 25 October 2007 01 Paragraph 3.2 20 March 2008 02 Paragraph 3.2 and 3.3 15 May 2008 03 Paragraph 10 and 13.1 7 October 2008 04 Paragraph 10 and 13.1 28 November 2008 05 Paragraph 7, 15.1 and 15.3 22 November 2010 06 Addendum A 12 April 2012 DA F7X OEB, Draft Revision 6 page 3 EASA Operational Evaluation Board Dassault Aviation F7X – FCL & OPS Subgroup Contents Revision Record ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 JAA Operation Evaluation Board ................................................................................................................... 5 -
The Solid Rocket Booster Auxiliary Power Unit - Meeting the Challenge
THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER AUXILIARY POWER UNIT - MEETING THE CHALLENGE Robert W. Hughes Structures and Propulsion Laboratory Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama ABSTRACT The thrust vector control systems of the solid rocket boosters are turbine-powered, electrically controlled hydraulic systems which function through hydraulic actuators to gimbal the nozzles of the solid rocket boosters and provide vehicle steering for the Space Shuttle. Turbine power for the thrust vector control systems is provided through hydrazine fueled auxiliary power units which drive the hydraulic pumps. The solid rocket booster auxiliary power unit resulted from trade studies which indicated sig nificant advantages would result if an existing engine could be found to meet the program goal of 20 missions reusability and adapted to meet the seawater environments associated with ocean landings. During its maturation, the auxiliary power unit underwent many design iterations and provided its flight worthiness through full qualification programs both as a component and as part of the thrust vector control system. More significant, the auxiliary power unit has successfully completed six Shuttle missions. THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER CHALLENGE The challenge associated with the development of the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) was to develop a low cost reusable APU, compatible with an "operational" SRB. This challenge, as conceived, was to be one of adaptation more than innovation. As it turned out, the SRB APU development had elements of both. During the technical t~ade studies to select a SRB thrust vector control (TVC) system, several alternatives for providing hydraulic power were evaluated. A key factor in the choice of the final TVC system was the Orbiter APU development program, then in progress at Sundstrand Aviation. -
Usafalmanac ■ Gallery of USAF Weapons
USAFAlmanac ■ Gallery of USAF Weapons By Susan H.H. Young The B-1B’s conventional capability is being significantly enhanced by the ongoing Conventional Mission Upgrade Program (CMUP). This gives the B-1B greater lethality and survivability through the integration of precision and standoff weapons and a robust ECM suite. CMUP will include GPS receivers, a MIL-STD-1760 weapon interface, secure radios, and improved computers to support precision weapons, initially the JDAM, followed by the Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) and the Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM). The Defensive System Upgrade Program will improve aircrew situational awareness and jamming capability. B-2 Spirit Brief: Stealthy, long-range, multirole bomber that can deliver conventional and nuclear munitions anywhere on the globe by flying through previously impenetrable defenses. Function: Long-range heavy bomber. Operator: ACC. First Flight: July 17, 1989. Delivered: Dec. 17, 1993–present. B-1B Lancer (Ted Carlson) IOC: April 1997, Whiteman AFB, Mo. Production: 21 planned. Inventory: 21. Unit Location: Whiteman AFB, Mo. Contractor: Northrop Grumman, with Boeing, LTV, and General Electric as principal subcontractors. Bombers Power Plant: four General Electric F118-GE-100 turbo fans, each 17,300 lb thrust. B-1 Lancer Accommodation: two, mission commander and pilot, Brief: A long-range multirole bomber capable of flying on zero/zero ejection seats. missions over intercontinental range without refueling, Dimensions: span 172 ft, length 69 ft, height 17 ft. then penetrating enemy defenses with a heavy load Weight: empty 150,000–160,000 lb, gross 350,000 lb. of ordnance. Ceiling: 50,000 ft. Function: Long-range conventional bomber. -
2012 Dassault Falcon 7X
2012 Dassault Falcon 7X Serial 115 Registration N900JG The Falcon 7X is the most technologically advanced business jet in service anywhere in the world today. Sleek yet practical, it is redefining ownership, pilot Specifications and passenger performance. It is the new generation of business aircraft. GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS 5525 N.W. 15th Avenue, Suite 301B ∙ Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309 +1 (954) 703-1600 ∙ www.eastcoastjetcenter.com FORT LAUDERDALE * MONTERREY * SAO PAULO * MOSCOW 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X Serial 115 Registration N900JG TOTAL TIME AIRFRAME: 3,010.3 LANDINGS: 1,051 ENGINES: 3 X Pratt & Whitney PW307A (6,402 SL-ISA Pound Thrust) Enrolled ESP Platinum Engine Program LEFT CENTER RIGHT Serial Number: Serial Number: Serial Number: PCE-CHE0374 PCE-CHE0372 PCE-CHE0371 3,010.3 Hours Total Time 2,893.6 Hours Total Time 2,966.2 Hours Total Time 1,051 Total Cycles 1,003 Total Cycles 1,027 Total Cycles APU: Honeywell GCTP36-150 Serial P-229 Auxiliary Power Unit Enrolled MSP Gold 2,348.5 Hours Total Time *All Times as of March 18th, 2019 Dassault FalconCare (Airframe)(Parts & Labor) Farther. Faster. And better connected. The Falcon 7X is designed to fly 5,950 nm (11,019 km), linking city pairs such as Paris-Tokyo, Shanghai-Seattle, New York-Jeddah, and Johannesburg-London, with a payload of eight passengers and three crew. With a .90 Mach Maximum Operating Speed (MMO), the Falcon 7X can also cover shorter distances to get you faster where you need to be. GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS 5525 N.W. 15th Avenue, Suite 301B ∙ Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309 +1 (954) 703-1600 ∙ www.eastcoastjetcenter.com FORT LAUDERDALE * MONTERREY * SAO PAULO * MOSCOW 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X Serial 115 Registration N900JG EASy II: Business aviation’s most advanced flight deck Dassault Falcon’s EASy flight deck is a revolutionary man-machine interface, which dramatically improves situational awareness, decreases pilot workload and enhances crew coordination. -
2012 Dassault Falcon 7X
EXCLUSIVELY OFFERED FOR SALE BY 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X MSN 167 – HB-JUC 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X - MSN 167 From its inception, the Falcon 7X was destined to be a revolutionary aircraft, introducing business aviation to the industry’s fi rst Digital Flight Control System. Like so many other aspects of the aircraft, its DFCS drew on Dassault’s 30 years of military experience, especially its Rafale and Mirage 2000 programs. The 7X is the fi rst business jet to use fi ghter jet technology with an elegant, whisper- quiet executive cabin. 2 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X - MSN 167 Registration HB-JUC Entry into Service Sept. 2012 Total Time Airframe 3,156 TSN Cycles 1,265 CSN Programs On FalconCare Engines Pratt & Whitney PW-307A - On ESP • Engine #1: PCE-CH0532 • Engine #2: PCE-CH0541 • Engine #3: PCE-CH0530 APU GTCP36-150FN - On MSP Gold • s/n P-280 Exterior • Overall White w/ Brown Stripes 3 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X - MSN 167 4 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X - MSN 167 Avionics EASy II+ COM Dual Honeywell TR-866B NAV Dual Honeywell NV-877A ADF Dual Honeywell DF-855 HF Dual Honeywell KHF-1050 VHF Third Honeywell TR-866B High DME Dual Honeywell DM-855 XPDR Dual Honeywell XS-857A TCAS ACSS TCAS 3000 GPS Dual Honeywell NV-977A FMS Triple Honeywell EASy EGPWS Honeywell EASy RADAR Honeywell Primus 880 RADALT Dual Honeywell KRA-405B FDR/CVR Dual Honeywell AR-Combi FDA Triple Honeywell AV-900 ELT Honeywell Rescue 406AF MIRU Triple Honeywell LASEREF V EFB Elec. Flight Bag CMC CMA-1100 “Pilot View” 5 2012 Dassault Falcon 7X - MSN 167 Equipment • Honeywell SmartRunway