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SUCCULENT GARDEN BY THE NUMBERS A map to the plants that succulent expert Joe Stead used in this coastal California garden––take all 6 plans to your nursery. 11 12 6 4 13 2 10 7 3 8 14 5 1 9 15 1/Agave victoriae-reginae 6/Euphorbia tirucalli ‘Sticks on Fire’ 11/Euphorbia tirucalli ‘Sticks on Fire’ 2/Euphorbia tirucalli ‘Sticks on Fire’ 7/Echeveria hybrid 12/Aloe speciosa 3/Echeveria ‘Afterglow’ 8/Senecio serpens 13/Senecio vitalis 4/Senecio vitalis 9/Aloe dorotheae 14/Aloe saponaria hybrid 5/Echeveria subrigida ‘Fire and Ice’ 10/Agave americana ‘Mediopicta Alba’ 15/Kalanchoe luciae 2 1 1 2 3 1/Echeveria subrigida ‘Fire and Ice’ 1/Kalanchoe luciae ‘Fantastic’ 2/Graptopetalum paraguayense 2/Senecio vitalis 3/Crassula capitella thyrsiflora ‘Campfire’ 2 3 1 WHERE TO BUY While Joe used San Diego whole- salers to plant this garden, these specialty nurseries offer a great 6 selection of succulents. Delivery options vary. 8 » California Cactus Center, Pasadena. cactuscenter.com » Oasis Water Efficient Gardens, 5 4 Escondido, CA. oasis-plants.com » Succulent Gardens, Castroville, 7 CA. sgplants.com If you’re in the Monterey area at the end of the month, don’t miss Succulent Gardens’ Extravaganza (free; Sep 28–29) for tours, food, and semi- 1/Echeveria hybrid 5/Senecio serpens nars, as well as succulents to buy. 2/Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’ 6/Echeveria hybrid » Waterwise Botanicals, 3/Agave lophantha ‘Quadricolor’ 7/Crassula corymbulosa ‘Shark’s Tooth’ Escondido, CA. waterwise 4/Echeveria hybrid 8/Aeonium ‘Sunburst’ botanicals.com n 2 5 3 3 4 1 2 4 8 1 9 7 6 5 1/Agave victoriae-reginae 1/Aloe dorotheae 2/Euphorbia tirucalli ‘Sticks on Fire’ 2/Kalanchoe luciae ‘Fantastic’ 3/Agave ‘Blue Glow’ 3/Aloe cameronii 4/Agave parryi truncata 4/Echeveria ‘Afterglow’ 5/Senecio vitalis 5/Senecio serpens 6/Kalanchoe luciae ‘Fantastic’ 7/Mangave ‘Bloodspot’ 8/Agave potatorum ‘Kissho Kan’ (also sold as Agave ‘Kichijokan’) 9/Crassula capitella thyrsiflora ‘Campfire’.

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Euphorbias in the Garden – Good Doers in Different Conditions and Situations Don Witton
©Don Witton ©Don Witton Euphorbias in the garden – good doers in different conditions and situations Don Witton Euphorbias on Don’s allotment in May ith about 2,200 the cold, hard winters of Wknown species, genus central Asia. The hardy leafy euphorbias can be found Euphorbia is the second largest spurges, which Hardy Planters growing in a wide range genus of plants on the planet are more interested in, come of habitats including full, with wild species growing from temperate regions of hot sun through to quite on every continent except Europe and Asia including the deep shade, free-draining Antarctica. Having such a Himalaya region. wide distribution, euphorbias scree to moist, heavier soils. have evolved to survive in There are species which are a wide range of climatic Even within this smaller just a few centimetres high conditions from hot, dry, arid group (around 150 wild to 2.4m+ giants and every parts of Africa and India to species and their forms) size in between. sub-tropical rainforests and ©Don Witton ©Don Witton ©Don Witton Fig.1 E. amygdaloides var. robbiae in the winter garden at Harlow Carr Fig. 2 E. amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’ at Ripley Castle in May 41 ©Don Witton ©Don Witton ©Don Witton Figs 3a & b E. Redwing – a young plant in February & in full bloom E. ‘Blue Haze’ will continue exception is E. characias from Different varieties will grow to flower deep into the the Mediterranean. It is very in a wide range of positions autumn, displaying that variable in the wild and there in the garden and, with wonderfully fresh, chartreuse are 3 subspecies; consequently careful choice, just about acid-yellow colour which there are about 30 named every garden situation can associates so well with many cultivars listed in the Plant other plants.
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Euphorbia Telephioides (Euphorbiaceae)
Genetic diversity within a threatened, endemic North American species, Euphorbia telephioides (Euphorbiaceae) Dorset W. Trapnell, J. L. Hamrick & Vivian Negrón-Ortiz Conservation Genetics ISSN 1566-0621 Conserv Genet DOI 10.1007/s10592-012-0323-4 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Conserv Genet DOI 10.1007/s10592-012-0323-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetic diversity within a threatened, endemic North American species, Euphorbia telephioides (Euphorbiaceae) Dorset W. Trapnell • J. L. Hamrick • Vivian Negroń-Ortiz Received: 23 September 2011 / Accepted: 20 January 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract The southeastern United States and Florida which it occurs, Gulf (0.084), Franklin (0.059) and Bay support an unusually large number of endemic plant spe- Counties (0.033), were also quite low. Peripheral popula- cies, many of which are threatened by anthropogenic tions did not generally have reduced genetic variation habitat disturbance. As conservation measures are under- although there was significant isolation by distance. Rare- taken and recovery plans designed, a factor that must be faction analysis showed a non-significant relationship taken into consideration is the genetic composition of the between allelic richness and actual population sizes.
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Myrtle Spurge: Options for Control the Myrtle Spurge, a Class-B Non Desig- the Other Is on Hwy
Myrtle Spurge: Options for Control The myrtle spurge, a class-B non desig- the other is on Hwy. 28 in Odessa. nate noxious weed in Lincoln County, Wash- Myrtle spurge is poisonous if ingested, ington (Euphorbia myrsinites), also known as causing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This creeping spurge or donkey tail, and is a suc- plant exudes toxic, milky latex, which can cause culent species of spurges (family Eu- severe skin and eye irritations. Wearing phorbiaceae). Introduced here from gloves, long sleeves, and shoes is highly the Mediterranean region, it is a per- recommended when in contact with ennial forb. It prefers full sun, well Myrtle spurge, as all plant parts are con- drained soil and is found in gardens, sidered poisonous. Although some- natural areas and rocky slopes. Myr- times grown as a decorative plant in tle spurge was added to the Lincoln xeric gardens, myrtle spurge is consid- County ered highly invasive and noxious. This Noxious Weed List plant can rapidly ex- in 2006, after being pand into sensitive eco- discovered in two systems, displacing na- locations. One at tive vegetation and re- Rantz Marina on ducing forage for wild- Lake Roosevelt and life. Key identifying traits • Inconspicuous yellow-green flowers are sur- A close-up of the Myrtle Spurge heart shaped bracts. rounded by heart shaped bracts. Myrtle Spurge is commonly • Plants can grow 8-12 inches tall on ascending found in rock gardens. to trailing stems rising at the tips. • Oval, blue-green, fleshy, succulent-like leaves are arranged in close spirals around the stems. • Stems grow from a prostrate woody base.
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Synopsis of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Phytotaxa 181 (4): 193–215 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.4.1 Synopsis of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA1,3, INÊS CORDEIRO1 & MARIA BEATRIZ ROSSI CARUZO2 ¹Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005, 01061-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ²Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil 3Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected] Abstract Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae and is among the giant genera of Angiosperms. In the state of São Paulo, the genus is represented by 23 species occurring in savannas, high altitude fields, and anthropic areas. This work includes an identification key, photographs, and comments on morphology, habitat, and geographical distribution. We reestablish Euphorbia chrysophylla and recognize Leptopus brasiliensis as a synonym of Euphorbia sciadophila. Six new records for the state of São Paulo are presented: Euphorbia adenoptera, E. bahiensis, E. chrysophylla, E. cordeiroae, E. foliolosa and E. ophthalmica. Eight lectotypes are designated. Key words: Neotropical flora, nomenclatural notes, taxonomy Resumo Euphorbia é o maior gênero de Euphorbiaceae e está entre os maiores de Angiospermas. No Estado de São Paulo, está rep- resentado por 23 espécies ocorrendo no cerrado, campos de altitude e áreas antrópicas. Este trabalho inclui uma chave de identificação, comentários sobre morfologia, habitat e distribuição geográfica. Reestabelecemos Euphorbia chrysophylla e reconhecemos Leptopus brasiliensis como sinônimo de Euphorbia sciadophila. Seis novas ocorrências para o Estado de São Paulo são apresentadas: Euphorbia adenoptera, E.
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Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Oblong Spurge, Euphorbia Oblongata 2008 (Revised 2013)
Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Oblong Spurge, Euphorbia oblongata 2008 (Revised 2013) Names: Oblong spurge, Euphorbia oblongata, a.k.a. eggleaf spurge Family: Spurge, Euphorbiaceae Findings of This Review and Assessment: Euphorbia oblongata, has been determined to be a category “A” rated noxious weed as defined by the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Noxious Weed Policy and Classification System. This determination was based on a literature review and analysis using two ODA evaluation forms. Using the Noxious Qualitative Weed Risk Assessment v.3.8, oblong spurge scored 58 indicating a Risk Category of “A”; and a score of 18 with the Noxious Weed Rating System v.3.2, indicating an “A” rating. Oblong spurge scored a very high “A” ranking. Introduction: Oblong spurge is a weedy escaped ornamental species of Euphorbia known from only one site in Salem and one ornamental planting in Eugene, Oregon. Suspected to have been introduced from California in contaminated flax or machinery that was used at the State Penitentiary flax mill in the early part of the 1900’s, it has slowly expanded its territory on the penitentiary property. Growing up to 3’ tall, this species is capable of forming dense stands in more arid climates and could be expected to be a troublesome weed to control should it spread and establish in eastern Oregon. Oblong spurge has a great capacity to infest riparian areas in Washington and Oregon. It is well adapted to a wide range of range, shrub and pine forest environments. In California, it has been found associated with French broom, blackberry and in dry drainages along roadsides.
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Yang & al. • Phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce TAXON 61 (4) • August 2012: 764–789 Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) Ya Yang,1 Ricarda Riina,2 Jeffery J. Morawetz,3 Thomas Haevermans,4 Xavier Aubriot4 & Paul E. Berry1,5 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, U.S.A. 2 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid 28014, Spain 3 Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 91711, U.S.A. 4 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France 5 University of Michigan Herbarium, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Paul E. Berry, [email protected] Abstract Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce contains around 600 species and includes the largest New World radiation within the Old World-centered genus Euphorbia. It is one of the few plant lineages to include members with C3, C4 and CAM photosyn- thesis, showing multiple adaptations to warm and dry habitats. The subgenus includes North American-centered groups that were previously treated at various taxonomic ranks under the names of “Agaloma ”, “Poinsettia ”, and “Chamaesyce ”. Here we provide a well-resolved phylogeny of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF sequences, with substantially increased taxon sampling compared to previous studies. Based on the phylogeny, we discuss the Old World origin of the subgenus, the evolution of cyathial morphology and growth forms, and then provide a formal sectional classification, with descriptions and species lists for each section or subsection we recognize.
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Leaf Morphology and Venation Patterns of Euphorbia L
Volume 13, Number 2, June 2020 ISSN 1995-6673 JJBS Pages 165 - 176 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences Leaf Morphology and Venation Patterns of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Egypt with Special Notes on Their Taxonomic Implications Abdel Aziz A. Fayed1, Mohamed S. Ahamed2, Ahamed M. Faried1 and Mona H. 1* Mohamed 1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 2Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt. Received April 30, 2019; Revised June 16, 2019; Accepted July 12, 2019 Abstract Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is the largest genus of flowering plants in the flora of Egypt. The present paper deals with the study of leaf architecture including venation patterns, marginal configuration and leaf shape characters in the Euphorbia species in Egypt. A classical clustering analysis (UPGMA) and principle component analysis (PCA) by PAST 2.17c ٥7 architectural leaf characters to discriminate the investigated taxa. Plates of light softwere are conducted based on microscope for cleared leaf, marginal ultimate veins details as well as tooth shape for studied taxa were provided. Results from multivariate analysis are kept in line with the traditional taxonomic sections of the genus in Egypt. The obtained phenogram is slightly matched with the tradition and modern classification of genus Euphorbia. The arrangement and attachment of leaves, laminar size, apex and base leaf features, symmetry of base and medial of blade, primary vein framework, major secondary veins course, minor secondary veins, tertiary veins course and areolation development have been considered to be the most important distinguishable characters in Euphorbia. Leaf morphology and venation characters can be considered as good taxonomic indicators in segregating Euphorbia heterophylla in a distinct section (Poinsettia) within subgenus Chamaesyce, in addition they can discriminate the closely related species of Euphorbia as shown in the constructed key.
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Ubiquitous Euphorbia Is Anything but Euphoria for the Eye: a Reminder To
Eye (2018) 32, 243–247 © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved 0950-222X/18 www.nature.com/eye Ubiquitous euphorbia COMMENT is anything but euphoria for the eye: a reminder to get any area of contact with the toxic sap under the tap Eye (2018) 32, 243–247; doi:10.1038/eye.2017.204; Euphorbia is a genus of plants in the publlished online 22 September 2017 Euphorbiaceae family. At least 2100 species are recognised and it is one of the most diverse groups of flowering groups on earth.2 At least twenty-one species are recognised in the United The minimally inflamed eye associated with Kingdom.3 All varieties of euphorbia produce a severe pain. Gardening history. Little to see whitish latex sap upon being cut. The sap clinically? Think euphorbia. As an ST7 in extruded is often toxic.2 However, the toxicity Ophthalmology, I felt unnerved when a patient varies between and within genera.4 The caustic presented with an excruciatingly painful eye and nature of the sap has been taken advantage of minimal history. She reported gardening but medically, aiding wart removal since the ancient denied use of any chemicals, foreign bodies or Greek times.5 Its historic use in treating tumours, trauma. I was unable to explain the severity of carbuncles, gangrenes, fistulas and even the pain in the context of 6/9 snellen acuity, pterygia have also been noted.6 More recent minimal punctate changes and mild conjunctival science has demonstrated that the sap contains a inflammation. pH was normal and equal, no diterpenoid diester with an antineoplastic intraocular changes, a normal intraocular activity in rodents.6 pressure and an absence of a foreign body.
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Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum
Review CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37, 995–1010 Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum Katia SilveraA, Kurt M. Neubig B, W. Mark Whitten B, Norris H. Williams B, Klaus Winter C and John C. Cushman A,D ADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0200, USA. BFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. CSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants andis present inmanysucculent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as intropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on ﬁve main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression.
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Antinociceptive Effects of Euphorbia Helioscopia Extract on Balb/C Mice
Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences doi:10.34172/jsums.2020.01 2020;22(1):1-5 http://j.skums.ac.ir Original Article Antinociceptive effects of Euphorbia helioscopia extract on Balb/c mice Zahra Alibabaei1 ID , Zahra Lorigooini1, Hossein Amini-Khoei1, Zahra Rabiei1, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei1* ID 1Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. *Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Tel: 0098 381 3346692, Fax: 0098 381 3330709 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Background and aims: Euphorbia helioscopia has multiple pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,anticancer and/or antitumor, allelopathic, anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic, antioxidant, antinociceptive effect. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activities of Euphorbia helioscopia extract in Balb/c mice, as well as the total flavonoids, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of the extract. Methods: In this study, 90 Balb/c mice were randomly designated into 9 groups. Group 1 received normal saline, groups 2 to 7 received different doses of the E. helioscopia hydroethanolic extract (i.e., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2, & 8 mg/kg, i.p.).In addition, groups 8 and 9 received naloxone (1 mg/kg) and extract (8 mg/kg) plus naloxone (1 mg/kg), respectively (Naloxone was injected 15 minutes after extract administration). Then, pain response was evaluated for 30 minutes after the injection of 20 µL formalin (1.5%) in the plantar surface of the mice foot.
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Comparative Anatomical Study on Leaves of Three Euphorbia L. Species Rodica Bercu & Dan Răzvan Popoviciu
© Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.zobodat.at Wulfenia 22 (2015): 271–276 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Comparative anatomical study on leaves of three Euphorbia L. species Rodica Bercu & Dan Răzvan Popoviciu Summary: The paper presents a comparative study on the leaf structure of three species belonging to Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia myrsinites, E. nicaeensis subsp. dobrogensis and E. seguieriana. Anatomically, the leaves of the three species are relatively similar in their basic structure. However, differences appear regarding epidermal cells and cuticular papillae, mesophyll, density of stomata and type of stomatal complex, laticifers and development of the vascular system. Keywords: comparative anatomy, laticifers, leaves, stomata, Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae is the sixth largest plant family comprising 322 genera and about 8910 species, most common in the humid tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres (Webster 1987). Many species are commonly known as spurges (Radcliffe-Smith 1987 ). Euphorbia myrsinites L., also known as myrtle spurge, creeping spurge or donkey tail, is a perennial, herbaceous plant with sprawling stems growing up to 20 – 40 cm. The leaves are spirally arranged, fleshy, pale, glaucous, blueish-green, 1–2 cm long. The flowers are inconspicuous, but surrounded by bright sulphurous-yellow bracts (tinged red). They are flowering in spring. In the Romanian flora,Euphorbia myrsinites is considered as an endangered species (Dihoru & Negrean 2009). Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. dobrogensis (Prodán) Kuzmanov is a herbaceous perennial, pale green, with hairless stems growing up to 40 cm, densely-foliated and branched at the top. The leaves are spirally arranged, 30 – 60 mm long and 15 –20 mm wide, elliptical in shape, obtuse on top and shortly mucronated.
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What Is a Cactus?
Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Cacti and Other Κακτος ------ prickly plant (thistle) Κακτος ------ prickly plant (thistle) Succulents of the Cacti are: Cacti are: Southwest Rich Reif 1. Succulents 1. Succulents March 16, 2016 2. New world plants --1-- --2-- --3-- --4-- --5-- --6-- 1 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --7-- --8-- --9-- --10-- --11-- --12-- --13-- --14-- --1-- 2 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --1-- Not a cactus! --2-- Euphorbia debilispina CACTUS!! --3-- CACTUS!! Pereskia aculeata Opuntia lepticaulis Barbados gooseberry; leaf cactus Pencil cholla; Desert Christmas cactus --4-- --5-- Not a cactus! Euphorbia mammillaris Corn cob cactus 3 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Not a cactus! --6-- CACTUS!! Agave toumeyana Ariocarpus agavoides Toumey’s agave Tamaulipas living rock --7-- CACTUS!! --8-- Ariocarpus fissuratus Living rock Not a cactus --9-- Not a cactus Euphorbia pseudocactus Pachypodium geayi Candelabra spurge; false cactus Madagascar palm 4 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --10-- CACTUS!! --11-- Tephrocactus articulatus Paper-spined cholla --12-- Not a cactus CACTUS!! Leuchtenbergia principis Agave cactus, Prism cactus Tromotriche revoluta (syn: Stapelia revoluta) Carrion plant (?) --13-- --14-- CACTUS!! Astrophytum myriostigma Bishop’s cap, Bishop’s hat 5 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Not a cactus Five characteristics of all cacti: Five characteristics of all cacti: 1. Perennial 1. Perennial 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed leaves Euphorbia trigona African milk tree, Cathedral cactus Spider plant Pereskia Iris Sycamore Five characteristics of all cacti: Pachypodium 1. Perennial Lily 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed leaves Apple Willow 3. Fruit is a berry Dicot leaves Monocot leaves Daylily Five characteristics of all cacti: Echinocereus dasyacanthus Rainbow cactus 1.
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