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What Is a Cactus?

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What Is a Cactus? Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Cacti and Other Κακτος ------ prickly plant (thistle) Κακτος ------ prickly plant (thistle) Succulents of the Cacti are: Cacti are: Southwest Rich Reif 1. Succulents 1. Succulents March 16, 2016 2. New world plants --1-- --2-- --3-- --4-- --5-- --6-- 1 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --7-- --8-- --9-- --10-- --11-- --12-- --13-- --14-- --1-- 2 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --1-- Not a cactus! --2-- Euphorbia debilispina CACTUS!! --3-- CACTUS!! Pereskia aculeata Opuntia lepticaulis Barbados gooseberry; leaf cactus Pencil cholla; Desert Christmas cactus --4-- --5-- Not a cactus! Euphorbia mammillaris Corn cob cactus 3 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Not a cactus! --6-- CACTUS!! Agave toumeyana Ariocarpus agavoides Toumey’s agave Tamaulipas living rock --7-- CACTUS!! --8-- Ariocarpus fissuratus Living rock Not a cactus --9-- Not a cactus Euphorbia pseudocactus Pachypodium geayi Candelabra spurge; false cactus Madagascar palm 4 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 --10-- CACTUS!! --11-- Tephrocactus articulatus Paper-spined cholla --12-- Not a cactus CACTUS!! Leuchtenbergia principis Agave cactus, Prism cactus Tromotriche revoluta (syn: Stapelia revoluta) Carrion plant (?) --13-- --14-- CACTUS!! Astrophytum myriostigma Bishop’s cap, Bishop’s hat 5 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Not a cactus Five characteristics of all cacti: Five characteristics of all cacti: 1. Perennial 1. Perennial 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed leaves Euphorbia trigona African milk tree, Cathedral cactus Spider plant Pereskia Iris Sycamore Five characteristics of all cacti: Pachypodium 1. Perennial Lily 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed leaves Apple Willow 3. Fruit is a berry Dicot leaves Monocot leaves Daylily Five characteristics of all cacti: Echinocereus dasyacanthus Rainbow cactus 1. Perennial 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed leaves 3. Fruit is a berry 4. Flower with inferior ovary Superior Inferior Ovary not Ovary Ovary connected to hypanthium 6 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Five characteristics of all cacti: Opuntia engelmannii Cow tongue 1. Perennial prickly pear 2. Dicot -- plant with two seed Echinocactus grusonii (Golden barrel) leaves 3. Fruit is a berry Mammillaria sp. 4. Flower with inferior ovary 5. Only plants with areoles Echinocereus areole and spines Opuntia imbricata --- Walking stick cholla Coryphantha sp. (note groove) Parodia sp. Sand Mix: I use about 80% sand and 20% Preparing cacti for planting organic matter (topsoil, peat, etc.). Add about a teaspoon of granular systemic (pots or landscape): insecticide to a four-inch pot. Mix well. The sand should be slightly damp. 1. Trim all roots to perhaps a half inch or Top dressing --- very small stones inch of the bottom of the plant. Sand mix 2. Let the cut roots dry – 5 to 7 days. Pot --- clay or plastic 3. Dust the cut roots and bottom of the plant Pebbles or pea gravel, to hold potshard in place with powdered sulfur. Potshard, to block drain hole 4. Prepare the pot or spot in the landscape Opuntia areoles, spines, where the cactus will be placed. After planting, DO NOT WATER for about glochids, and new pads with one week. leaves Drain hole WATERING: PESTS: Mealy bug Cacti need water, and they do like it, but not 1. Aphids too much!! infestation!! SUMMER (when plants are growing and blooming): 2. Fungus --- over-watering is the Water about once a week – about one-fourth culprit here. This is what the sulfur cup for a 4 inch pot. is for. SPRING AND AUTUMN: Water about once every two weeks. 3. Mealy bugs --- Use a systemic. If WINTER (plants are dormant): they appear, remove with a cotton Water about once a month. swab or spray with an insecticide. 7 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 HABITS OF GROWTH Opuntia polyacantha Echinocereus --- the hedgehog cacti Opuntia phaeacantha Common prickly pear 1. Tree-like: branched, not jointed or articulate; pereskioid Pereskia 2. Jointed: upright or caespitose, flat or cylindrical; opuntioid Opuntia Cylindropuntia Grusonia 3. Cylindrical: usually ribbed, may branch; cereoid Cereus Echinocereus Oreocereus 4. Globose: ball-shaped or barrel-shaped, usually ribbed Ferocactus Echinocactus Ssp. neomexicanus Thelocactus Sclerocactus Echinocereus 5. Tuberculate: long tubercules, not generally ribbed triglochidiatus Mammillaria Coryphantha Opuntia inbricata Opuntia clavata Claret cup cactus Walking stick cholla Club cholla Ssp. triglochidiatus Ssp. neomexicanus Echinocereus fendleri Mammillaria heyderi Nipple cactus; Pancake pincushion Fendler’s Mammillaria wrightii hedgehog Wright’s fishhook cactus Wright’s pincushion Sclerocactus whipplei Devil’s claw barrel cactus Whipple’s fishhook barrel Sclerocactus papyracanthus Coryphantha vivipara Grama grass cactus Arizona beehive cactus Paper-spined cactus Showy pincushion Toumeya 8 Sandoval County Master Gardeners 3/16/2016 Epithelantha micromeris Echinocactus horizonthalonius Echinocactus texensis Button cactus Blue barrel cactus Devil’s-head cactus Horse crippler Turk’s-head cactus Devil’s head cactus Candy cactus Ferocactus wislizeni Agave perryi Carnegiea gigantea Fishhook barrel cactus Perry’s century plant Arizona barrel cactus Saguaro (unpaid advertisement) CACTUS AND SUCCULENT SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO Meets third Friday (usually) of each month except END April, July, and September, at 7:00 pm, at the Albuquerque Garden Center, 10120 Lomas NE. Spring Show and Sale --- April 9 – 10, 2016 10:00 am – 4:00 pm Agave palmeri State Fair Cactus and Succulent exhibit --- September Palmer’s century plant www.new-mexico.cactus-society.org Artichoke agave 9 .
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