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Psychophysiological Concomitants of Levels of Cognitive Processing. Ronald Alan Cohen Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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Psychophysiological Concomitants of Levels of Cognitive Processing. Ronald Alan Cohen Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 Psychophysiological Concomitants of Levels of Cognitive Processing. Ronald Alan Cohen Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Cohen, Ronald Alan, "Psychophysiological Concomitants of Levels of Cognitive Processing." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3794. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3794 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. I f copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8312077 Cohen, Ronald Alan PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONCOMITANTS OF LEVELS OF COGNITIVE PROCESSING The Louisiana Stale University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col.PH.D. 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified herewith a checkV .mark 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_____ 3. 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Other______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International Psychophysiological Concomitants of Levels of Cognitive Processing A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Ronald A. Cohen B.S., Tulane University, 1976 M.S., University of New Orleans, 1979 December 1982 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Appreciation is expressed to my committee chairman, Dr. William Waters, for his support, guidance and consultation through all phases of this study. Appreciation is also expressed to my committee members, Dr. Phillip Brantley, Dr. Bernard J. Jensen, Dr. Arthur Riopelle and Dr. Don Williamson for their support on this project. Additional gratitude goes to Dr. David Shapiro, Dr. Lisa Greenstadt and Dr. John Richards for their consultation and technical assistance, as well as for the use of the psychophysiology laboratory at UCLA’s Neuropsy­ chiatric Institute. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................. ii LIST OF TABLES................ iv LIST OF FIGURES............................................... V ABSTRACT...................................................... vi INTRODUCTION.................................................. 1 Psychophysiological Arousal and Emotion................. 3 The Orienting Reflex and Attention...................... 9 Activation, Arousal and Effort.................... 17 Higher Cognitive Processes.............................. 22 Cognitive Psychophysiology.............................. 29 METHOD........................................................ 38 Subjects .................. ......... 38 Apparatus................................................ 38 Psychophysiological Recording........................... 38 Stimuli................ 39 Procedure................................................ 40 Design................................................... 42 Data Analysis ..................................... 43 RESULTS .............................. 46 Memory Performance....................................... 46 Task Difficulty.......................................... 46 Psychophysiological Measures............ 46 Verbalization Duration.................................. 47 Trial Effects........ 47 Psychophysiological Reactivity Averaged Across Trials... 47 Relationship of Memory Scores to Physiological Reactivity............................................ 33 Physiological Reactivity on Recalled/Non-Recalled Items. .............................. 59 DISCUSSION.................................................... 61 REFERENCES.................................................... 71 APPENDICES.................................................... 81 VITA........................................................... 85 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. F Statistics and Probability Levels for MANOVA of Psychophysiological Reactivity Scores Across Trials................................... 49 2. Univariate F Statistics and Probabilities for Each Dependent Variable.................................... 50 3. Mean Differences Derived from Duncan’s Multiple Range Tests........................................... 52 4. Correlations of Memory Score with Standardized Psychological Measures from Stepwise Multiple Regression for Each Condition x Level................ 58 5. Means and (Standard Deviations) for Recalled and Non-Recalled Words.................................... 60 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Psychophysiological Response Patterns During the Cue Phase..................... 54 2. Psychophysiological Response Patterns During Covert Processing............................................. 55 3. Psychophysiological Response Patterns During the Verbalization Phase......... 56 v ABSTRACT The peripheral electrophysiologlcal manifestations of levels of cognitive processing and memory performance were investigated by record­ ing heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature and electromyogram measures during a three phase verbal task. Subjects processed words at three cognitive levels (phonetic, low semantic, high semantic), and physiological recordings were made during cue covert processing and verbalization phases. Three colored lights were used to cue subjects to the appropriate processing level for each word. An incidental memory task was given following the processing tasks. As expected, words pro­ cessed at the higher cognitive levels were recalled better. There was greater physiological reactivity associated with the phonetic tasks during the cue phase, while the semantic tasks produced more reactivity during the covert processing and verbalization phases. The high and low semantic tasks were psychophysiologically differentiated, the more semantically complex task eliciting greater arousal. An analysis of recalled versus non-recalled trials indicated greater heart rate and skin conductance increases on trials that were later recalled. A multivariate regression of physiological reactivity on memory scores showed a moderate relation­ ship, with heart rate contributing the roost variance. The results were interpreted as demonstrating a definite relationship between the level of cognitive operation and the amount of physiological reactivity. The greater activation accompanying the higher processing levels seemed to reflect
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