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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,959,862 Davidov Et Al

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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,959,862 Davidov Et Al United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,959,862 Davidov et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 25, 1990 (54) ACTIVE MULTICHANNEL VIDEO CATV Networks”; Proceedings of Int. Broadcasting PROCESSING HUB FOR OPTIMUM Convention, (London, 9/76), pp. 228-231. TRANSTION FROM FIBERTO COAX B. White, "The Fibre Optic Pipedream Comes True in Video"; "Broadcasting Systems & Operation'; (8/79, 75 Inventors: Mircho A. Davidov, Danville; pp. 352-356). Kamaljit Singh, San Jose, both of Calif. Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Buczinski Assistant Examiner-Bernarr Earl Gregory 73 Assignee: Catel Telecommunications, Inc., Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Flehr, Hohbach, Test, Fremont, Calif. Albritton & Herbert (21) Appl. No.: 187,305 57 ABSTRACT An active multichannel video processing hub which 22 Filed: Apr. 28, 1988 provides optinum transition from fiber to coaxial cable, provides optimum trading of bandwidth for signal to 51) Int. Cl. ............................................. H04N 7/167 noise ratio. Fiber optic links have a very large band 52 U.S. C. .......................................... 380/10; 455/6; width capability. Larger distances can be covered with 358/86 fiber optic links without repeaters. This offers not only 58 Field of Search .......................... 358/86; 455/3-6; saving in maintenance, but has no radiation and offers 370/1, 3, 4, 11, 73; 375/62, 65, 66; 332/17, 120, bidirectional capabilities not easily achievable with 145 coax-based trunks. Scrambled signals are transmitted over the fiber and converted to VSB-AM signals at the (56) References Cited hub for transmission over the coaxial portion of the U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS trunk. This keeps the bulky and complex headend 2,506,672 5/1950 Kell et al. ............................... 370/3 scrambling equipment in one central location instead of spreading it over many hub locations. The inherent 4,779,129 10/1988 Uee et al. .............................. 358/86 heterodyne processing capabilities of the hub permit it FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS to link headends with different frequency plans. Also, 0144770 6/1985 European Pat. Off. .............. 358/86 the hub-based trunk does not obsolete existing equip ment and method of operation. OTHER PUBLICATIONS W. Horak, "TV Program Distribution Over Fiber i3 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets BB VIDE 4 Mhz. GBAL REFERENCE UBLE CONV. F TRF UTPUT SYNTHES, SERIAL GLBAL. ATA 45.75 Mhz. REFERENCE 4 Mhz. GLOBAL. DR LOCAL Ref. S. SPLITTER U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 1 of 10 4,959,862 Y r H L- P s 2 2 Lll <- C O| E.g U U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 2 of 10 4.959,862 | U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 3 of 10 4.959,862 BB VIDED COMBINER BB/45 MZ AUDI CH. - H CH, 2 DPT TX CH, NE e FSK TX H 4 MZ GLOBAL REFERENCE E FIBER UP TO 25 KM DUBLE FM CDNV, CH, 1. IF TRF IN - - - - H - 4 MZ - st 589 Mhz GLOBAL DATA 45.75 Mhz REFERENCE - FM -- 4 Mhz. CH, N GLOBAL NE OR LOCAL Re-F, - - ... - . FIG-3A SPLITTER U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 4 of 10 4959,862 50-550 Mhz RF OUT CMBINER SERIA DATA 589 Mhz 45.75 MZ 4 Mnz GLBAL REF, FIG-3B U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 6 of 10 4.959,862 BB VIDED -COMBINER BB/45 Minz AM DWN OUT AUDID MLDU CDNV CDNVCH, - IF, IFo TIME DELAY CH, 2 IF SCRAMBLERSCRAMBER CH, N FSK TX 4 MZ GLOBAL E REFERENCE - - FIBER 25 KM DUBE FM CDNV, CH, 1 IF. T. RF H IN - OUTPUT INPUT L SYNTHES, SYNTHES, . T-I - 4 MZ - 589 Mhz. GLOBAL- - SERIAL REFERENCE R DATA FM E 30,55 MZ CH, NE 41.25 MZ E 4 MZ GLOBAL R LOCAL Re-F, - - ... ... FIG - 5A SPLITTER U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 7 of 10 4,959,862 5 O-550 Mhz RF OUT COMBINER 4, 25 Mhz SERIAL DATA 589 Mhz. 4 Mhz 30.55 MZ GLOBAL REF, U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 8 of 10 4.959,862 (IEZISWHdWEEG?ºSEIS?T?TZTE.) ZUAW68C (KF) DJECII/\[[EZISWH,JWEIECI U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 9 of 10 4959,862 BB VIDED COMBINER BB/45AUDI Miz MODULAM CNVE. IFV IF TIME w CH, 2 DPT TX IF SCRAMBLERSCRAMBER CH, N FSK TX - - 4 MZ GLOBAL REFERENCE - DUBLE CDNV, LOCAL LCAL CHANNELS Re F, SYNTHES, FIBER A I UP TO 45.75 Mnz 4 Mn2 25 KM VIDED IF IN LOCAL Ref, SSAL 589 MZ DUBLE FM CDNV, CH, 1R IF TD RF IN C. H . ... - - H - 4 Mnz 589 M-Z GLOBAL. E DATA FM E 30.55 Mnz CH, NE 41.25 Mn2 IN - C-SPLITTER FIG-7A - U.S. Patent Sep. 25, 1990 Sheet 10 of 10 4.959,862 50-550 Mhz. RF UT COMBINER 41.25 Mhz SERIAL DATA 589 Minz 4 Mhz 30,55 MZ GLOBAL REF, FIG-7B 4,959,862 2 other missing reference signals. Following the descram ACTIVE MULTICHANNEL WIDEO PROCESSING bling operation, the video signal is VSB (Vestigial Side HUB FOR OPTIMUM TRANSiTION FROM FIBER Band)-AM modulated for transmission over a CATV TO COAX distribution trunk. This results in bulky multirack equip ment configuration and very high cost per channel. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Limitations of Current CATV Trunk Architecture The traditional cable television (CATV) distribution It is an object of the present invention to provide an trunk is coaxial cable-based It contains a series of ampli improved active multichannel video processing hub for fiers placed approximately every mile along the signal 10 optimum transition from fiber to coaxial cable. path. These amplifiers are needed to maintain the In one embodiment for operating in a scrambled proper operational signal level At selected locations, mode, a multichannel cable television trunk is provided the signals are tapped and further amplified to bring which includes means for amplitude modulating a base them to the customer premises. band audio signal and a baseband video signal to form In a typical CATV trunk there are 30-50 (some 15 intermediate frequency (IF) video and audio signals. trunks contain as many as 60) amplifiers in a cascade. The system further includes means for scrambling the This large number of amplifiers brings about many un IF video and audio signals to form scrambled IF video wanted problems, such as: and audio signals which also include appropriate con A failure in any of the cascaded amplifiers will cause trol information. the shutdown of the entire trunk. 20 The system further includes means for mixing the The signal quality degrades significantly as the num scrambled intermediate frequency video and audio with ber of amplifiers increase In some existing trunks, the a local oscillator signal to form composite video and number of amplifiers is so large (60 or more) that it audio subcarriers. makes it impossible to add any more subscribers to the This aspect of the invention provides video and audio system. 25 subcarriers which are insensitive to phase noise at any Many older CATV trunks have frequency response point where there is a frequency conversion involved limited to 300 MHz at most, and suffer from spurious radiation problems. Rebuilding to 450-550 MHz capa and local oscillator phase noise is no longer critical. bility and curing the radiation problems can be a very Other objects, features and advantages of the present costly effort, requiring replacement of the amplifiers 30 invention will become apparent from the following and even the coaxial plant itself. detailed description when taken in conjunction with the Role of Supertrunks in CATV Video Signal Distribu accompanying drawings. tion BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Headends themselves are frequently connected with other remote video sources such as satellite-received 35 FIG. 1 depicts a diagram of a conventional cable signals or with other headends. television (CATV) trunk architecture. Linking headends with satellite signals or with other FIG.2 depicts a diagram of an improved active multi headends has traditionally been done with supertrunks. channel video processing hub according to the present Because of the very high quality of the transmission invention. required, the supertrunk is typically FDM-FM (Fre FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a CATV hub ac quency Division Multiplexed-Frequency Modulated) cording to the present invention. based distribution system. Present day state of the art FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a channel of a supertrunks can carry up to 16 channels per supertrunk. multichannel system according to the present invention. Early supertrunks used coaxial cable as the transmis FIG. 5 depicts a diagram of a CATV trunk for scram sion media. Recently, fiber optic-based supertrunks 45 bled signals. have been used to avoid the problems associated with FIG. 6 depicts a diagram of a demodulator for scram the conventional coaxial cable-based supertrunks. bled signals according to the present invention. Fiber-based supertrunks not only deliver video trans FIG. 7 depicts a diagram of phase locking to an off parently (with no system-added degradation), but they air channel. also offer the system designed with totally new system 50 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE capability-the fiber offers very wide bandwidth capa DRAWINGS bility, low losses, very small weight and size, no RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) or EMI (ElectroMag The Heart of a New CATV Distribution Trunk netic Interference) and rapidly dropping cost. Cur Instead of serial tree and branch signal distribution, a rently, 16 channels using FDM-FM can be transmitted 55 parallel method of signal distribution is disclosed (See over 40 km of fiber with no repeaters and with very FIG. 2). high performance - SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of 65 From a headend, the baseband video and audio sig db or better.
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