Southernclf R O
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
$1.0 southernclf r o Vol.IX No.6 June-July1976 k MOZAMBIQ 2 116 I One Year Lalir I Vol. IX No. 6 June, July 1976 4 FEATURE People's Republic of Mozambique-One Year by Ruth Minter 11 SPECIAL Excerpts from a Speech by Salim A. Salim, Tanzanian Ambassador to the UN 15 SOUTH AFRICA Politics ANC Members Arrested-Abducted Seven Arrested Buthelezi Sets Up "Liberation Movement" Amnesty Denied Mandela I Exposure of Mental Health Facilities Brings New Press Censorship Is South Africa Destabilizing Britain? Economics Seagram Bantustan Investment-Model for the Future? Huge Investments by Two U.S. Firms Other South Africa-U.S. Notes Export Patterns and Prospects Black Unemployment $23 Million on Post Office Apartheid Wage Gap-Teachers to Tourist Aides Mining Developments Thoughts on the Economy-Pay Power Conference, etc. Opposition to New Budget Minimal Foreign Relations South Africa and Its Western Allies Apartheid-Zionist Alliance South Africa-Rhodesia 23 NAMIBIA War in Namibia Shootout in Windhoek Refugees Terrorism Trial Constitutional Conference Business Interests Sail-In 25 ZIMBABWE Guerrilla Attacks Escalate Rhodesian Response: Torture, Repression, Military Build-Up "Dear __ . No Doubt You Are Worried.. Last-Ditch Ploys: Blackout and Blacks In Four African Presidents Meet on Zimbabwe ANC Leaders Meet with Decolonization Committee 28 THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES Angola Inside Angola Angolan UN Membership to be Discussed Soon-Recognition Continues More International Solidarity Guinea-Bissau Progressive Leaders Meet: Cabral Speaks Promises of Aid Fulfilled Foreign Affairs Cape Verde President Neto Pays State Visit Development Program Implemented Cape Verdeans in New England Mozambique Border Arrest Incident 32 NEIGHBORS Zambia and the Liberation Struggle Copper and Finance Botswana's Dilemmas 34 AT THE UNITED NATIONS Rhodesia Sanctions Expanded Decolonization Committee Meets with Nyerere, Kaunda, ANC, and SWAPO Leaders 34 US AND SOUTHERN AFRICA Congressional Liberals May Try Again on Sanctions Diggs Grills Administration Witnesses on Rhodesia Policy Increased Military Traffic at Azores Base in March Reported Kissinger Promises New Southern Africa Policy in Africa Trip US Praise for South Africa 38 US ACTION NEWS AND NOTES Black Officials Oppose Caltex, Kennecott Investments Southern Africa Conferences in New England Charge US FRELIMO Support Group is "Foreign Agent" Recognize Angola! Support Projects in Africa Other Actions 40 BOOK REVIEWS RESOURCES 41 UPDATE Cover photograph by Robert F. Van Lierop OUR COLLECTIVE berbsre barne$ bill minter jennifer davis ruth minter SOUTHERN AFRICA is published monthly, except for a doule issue July michael davis antonlo naves August, by the Southern Africa Committee, 244 West 27th Street. Fifth floor. charlie Obel angoela passaro New York, N.Y. 10001. mriana ldwwnds dipanker ray €@olyn fleuhr-lobban david robinson Those readers subscribing later All subscriptions run from January to December. lynn goodwin susen rogers In the year will be sent back issues to January, or after June, readers may opt for individuals; 7 peWv ey hristine root the 7 month subscription. Subscription rates are $6.00 per year for Cost per judith hanlon janet siskind month subscription from June is $4.00; Institutions are $18.00 per year. to the janet hooper maba smith copy is 754, $1.00. for the double issue. Airmail postage (in addition jinni stroman subscription rata) is: Caribbean, Central Ameica-$9.50; Africa, Asia-S14.50; tami hultman If Europe, South America-S12.50. Gift subscriptions available for prisoners. paul irish john stroman unable to send $6.00 please write to us for other arrangements. bill johnston stephanie urdang richard knight ken vickery University Microfilm, SOUTHERN AFRICA is available on microfilm through reed kramer victor vockerodt Xerox Company, Ann Arbor. Mich. 68106 richard leonard roberta washington richard lobban dee whitman edgar lockwood tony watson mary mcanally-k night jim weikert feature PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE - ONE YEAR by Ruth Minter Independence Day celebrated in Mozambique, June 25, 1975 On June 25, 1975, Mozambique became independent. the name "People's Republic." What has this-first year At midnight, as the day began, the Portuguese flag was meant for the people of Mozambique? lowered and the new flag of the People's Republic of The intent of a People's Republic is that the determin Mozambique was raised. Now a year has passed and it ing factor for all decisions and choices should be the inter- seems fitting to try to see what content has been put into ests of the masses of the people-the workers and the peasants. In a People's Republic the economy and the social services, the police and the political structures, all authorities, should be in constant contact with the people, hear them, learn from them the problems which are ur gent and work out solutions. In a People's Republic there is no room for those who wish to ignore the masses and just make a good living for themselves. There is no room for big profits by individuals or by small groups. The "people" are to assume responsibility and provide the guidelines and the thrust for building the future of their country. The "leaders" are given legitimacy by the people and can expect to remain in positions of responsibility only as long as they remain conscious of, respectful of and servants to the people and their needs. Mozambique, at Independence, was not able to fulfill all of these conditions. The masses of the people can real ly only assume power when they are politically conscious. They have to understand and internalize the fact that they have a right, a duty-and capacity-to make suggestions and criticisms. They have to learn to collectively analyse their objective situation and suggest what could be done. They have to understand that the deprived and xploited situation they endured under Portuguese colonialism was In some areas students aid agricultural programs by working a few unnatural and wrong, that they should not cower before hours a week in garden. people in power, and that they should not accept perpetu al poverty, illiteracy, ill health, etc. Organizing the People FRELIMO, the governing party in Mozambique, had developed these conditions over a ten year period in the For instance in the district of Ribaue in Nampula Prov "liberated areas" of Mozambique, in Cabo Delgado, ince, the dynamizing group responded enthusiastically to Niassa, and Tete provinces. In some other areas such as the party's call to help the people begin schools for them Zambezia, Manica and Sofala there were zones where the selves. They urged the building of schools throughout the people began much later to have experiences which would district, not just for the children, but even more for the build this new and necessary consciousness but they had illiterate adults. In independent Mozambique, they told few opportunities to really put it into practice before the people, everybody had a right-and a duty-to study. 1974. In the rest of the country, FRELIMO was under Whoever knew even a little bit should be recruited to ground until 1974 and the masses of the people lived in teach his/her neighbors. In the immediate area of the dis the midst of the colonial system without an alternative trict center, an area that included some 35,000 people, experience of how things might be. Thus with about three about 140 new schools were organized and functioning fourths of the population FRELIMO faced and faces a even before Independence. Most were literacy centers, but tremendous task of organizing and teaching. Old patterns where the people found someone able to teach they tried have to be unlearned and replaced. The people must see in to have primary school classes as well-both for children practice the good that comes by transforming the nation and for adults who were ready for them. In the schools from a colonialist capitalist society into a People's Repub which served both adults and children the standard pat lic. The best learning comes from living the new patterns. tern was for the children to have classes in the morning The experience of the liberated areas during the war years and adults in the afternoon and/or evening. Evening serves as a lesson and a model for the rest of the country. classes depended on the people being able to afford a This task of educating, organizing and mobilizing the storm lantern for lighting. people was taken as one of the major thrusts of the Party Previous to the efforts of the dynamizing group there during the period from September, 1974, to June, 1975, had been about ten primary schools in the same area-for the period of the government of transition when the Por children-only two of them reaching as high as 4th grade. tuguese still participated in government alongside FRE What is amazing and very important is that schools now LIMO leadership. Throughout the country, both in living exist for everyone-virtually the whole population is in areas and in the workplaces, dynamizing groups ("grupos them, having built them themselves and found their own dinamizadores") were organized. They were to engage in teachers. political education of the people throughout their jurisdic Adult enthusiasm for the classes runs high. In July, tien as well as serving as catalysts in helping the people right after Independence, I had various occasions to visit organize themselves to begin solving local problems. The these schools unexpectedly while they were in session. dynamizing groups were urged by the Party to take initia They were invariably full, sometimes with many more tives in various local projects related to education, health, people than could fit comfortably in their small buildings. housing, women, working conditions, or whatever seemed One school for adults which we dropped in on twice was urgent.