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Adaptation to Climate Change: Key Terms ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE C HANGE: KEY TERMS www.oecd.org/env/cc Ellina Levina and Dennis Tirpak, OECD www.iea.org May 2006 Unclassified COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)1 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 09-May-2006 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Unclassified COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)1 ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: KEY TERMS Ellina Levina and Dennis Tirpak, OECD The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD, the IEA, or their member countries, or the endorsement of any approach described herein. English - Or. English JT03208563 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)1 Copyright OECD/IEA, 2006 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be addressed to: Head of Publications Service, OECD/IEA 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France or 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France. 2 COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)1 FOREWORD This document was prepared by the OECD and IEA Secretariats in March-May 2006 in response to the Annex I Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Annex I Expert Group oversees development of analytical papers for the purpose of providing useful and timely input to the climate change negotiations. These papers may also be useful to national policy-makers and other decision-makers. In a collaborative effort, authors work with the Annex I Expert Group to develop these papers. However, the papers do not necessarily represent the views of the OECD or the IEA, nor are they intended to prejudge the views of countries participating in the Annex I Expert Group. Rather, they are Secretariat information papers intended to inform Member countries, as well as the UNFCCC audience. The Annex I Parties or countries referred to in this document are those listed in Annex I of the UNFCCC (as amended at the 3rd Conference of the Parties in December 1997): Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, the European Community, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America. Korea and Mexico, as OECD member countries, also participate in the Annex I Expert Group. Where this document refers to “countries” or “governments”, it is also intended to include “regional economic organisations”, if appropriate. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was prepared by Ellina Levina and Dennis Tirpak (OECD). The authors would like to thank Fabian Scharf for his assistance in collecting the definitions. The authors are also grateful to Tom Jones and Shardul Agrawala (OECD), Roberto Acosta and Olga Pilifosova (UNFCCC), and Richard Klein (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research), as well as to Annex I Expert Group delegates, particularly those from Canada, for their comments on the earlier draft of the paper. Questions and comments should be sent to: Ellina Levina OECD Environment Directorate (ENV/GSP) 2, rue André-Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France Email: [email protected] Fax: +33 (0)1 44 30 61 84 OECD and IEA information papers for the Annex I Expert Group on the UNFCCC can be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/ 3 COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2006)1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 5 2. KEY ADAPTATION CONCEPTS AND TERMS.......................................................................... 6 2.1 Adaptation to climate change ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Adaptation assessment ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Adaptation baseline .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Adaptation benefits........................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Adaptation costs ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Adaptive capacity............................................................................................................................. 9 2.7 Adaptation measure........................................................................................................................ 10 2.8 Adaptation method ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.9 Adaptation technology ................................................................................................................... 11 2.10 Climate change ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.11 Coping capacity ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.12 Coping range............................................................................................................................. 13 2.13 Critical threshold....................................................................................................................... 14 2.14 Disaster ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.15 Extreme weather event.............................................................................................................. 14 2.16 Mainstreaming .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.17 Resilience.................................................................................................................................. 15 2.18 Sensitivity ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.19 Vulnerability ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.20 Vulnerability assessment .......................................................................................................... 17 3. OTHER ADAPTATION-RELATED TERMS.............................................................................. 18 3.1 Adaptation policy framework......................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Types of Adaptation ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Adaptation deficit........................................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Adverse effects............................................................................................................................... 18 3.5 Catastrophic event .......................................................................................................................... 19 3.6 Climate feedback............................................................................................................................ 19 3.7 Climate Change Scenario ............................................................................................................... 19 3.8 Climate impacts.............................................................................................................................. 19 3.9 Climate variability.......................................................................................................................... 20 3.10 Impact assessment..................................................................................................................... 20 3.11 Integrated Assessment .............................................................................................................. 20 3.12 Maladaptation ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.13 National adaptation programme of action (NAPA) .................................................................. 20 3.14 Reinsurance............................................................................................................................... 21 3.15 Risk........................................................................................................................................... 21 3.16 Risk management...................................................................................................................... 21 3.17 Robustness ...............................................................................................................................
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