DOCSLIB.ORG

Long Run Economic and Land Use Impacts of Major Infrastructure Projects Final Report Department of Transport July 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Long Run Economic and Land Use Impacts of Major Infrastructure Projects Final Report Department of Transport July 2012 Long run economic and land use impacts of major infrastructure projects Final Report Department of Transport July 2012 Confidential Copy This report has been prepared on behalf of Department of Transport. SGS Economics and Planning and its associated consultants are not liable to any person or entity for any damage or loss that has occurred, or may occur, in relation to that person or entity taking or not taking action in respect of any representation, statement, opinion or advice referred to herein. SGS Economics and Planning Pty Ltd ACN 007 437 729 www.sgsep.com.au Offices in Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Sydney Confidential Copy TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY TERMS 6 SYNTHESIS AND STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS 7 Long run economic and land use impacts of major urban infrastructure initiatives 7 Strategic implications 11 City shaping power 11 Investment appraisal tools 11 Investment decision making processes 12 Infrastructure funding 13 1 INTRODUCTION 15 1.1 Project background 15 1.2 Project objectives 16 1.3 Project approach and report structure 16 2 WIDER POLICY AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Melbourne’s planning history 18 Plan for General Development (1929) 18 Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme (1954) 19 Planning Policies for Metropolitan Melbourne (1971) 21 Metropolitan Strategy Implementation (1981) 22 Victoria Capital City Policy (1994) and Living Suburbs (1995) 23 Melbourne 2030 (2002) and Melbourne @ 5 Million (2008) 24 2.3 Macroeconomic conditions 25 2.4 Considerations 28 3 PROJECT HISTORIES AND CONTEXTS 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 The City Loop 31 Initial project drivers and anticipated impacts 31 Funding and management 31 Key success drivers and anecdotal impacts 33 3.3 CityLink 35 Initial project drivers and anticipated impacts 35 Funding and management 36 3.4 Box Hill Activities Area development 37 Initial project drivers and anticipated impacts 37 Key success drivers 37 3.5 Western Ring Road 38 Initial project drivers and anticipated impacts 38 Funding and management 39 Confidential Copy 1 Anecdotal impacts 40 3.6 Key conclusions 41 4 METHODOLOGY 42 4.1 Rationale 42 Measuring accessibility through Effective Job Density 43 4.2 Key Variables 47 4.3 Approaches 47 Measuring growth in employment and households 47 Changes to labour productivity 49 Human Capital Enhancements 50 Value Chain Accessibility Benefits 51 Dwelling and Land Value Impacts 52 Walk time impacts 52 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 53 5.1 CityLink 53 Impacts to Employment and Housing 53 Economic Expansion 61 5.2 Western Ring Road 71 Impacts to Employment and Housing 71 Economic Expansion 78 5.3 The City Loop 89 Impact to Employment 89 5.4 Box Hill Central Activities Area development 93 Impacts to Employment and Housing 93 Economic Expansion 95 6 KEY CONCLUSIONS 99 6.1 Summary of findings 99 6.2 Areas for Further Refinement 101 6.3 Conclusions 102 APPENDIX 1: DATABASE DEVELOPMENT 103 Travel Time Matrices 103 Population and Dwellings 104 Employment by industry 105 Labour force participation 107 Labour productivity 108 Effective Job Density 110 Property values 111 Comparison of Box Hill and Preston Activities Areas 114 APPENDIX 2: TECHNICAL NOTES 117 Labour productivity estimation 117 Accessibility model 122 Agglomeration Model 125 Human capital benefits estimation 134 REFERENCES 141 Confidential Copy 2 Figures Figure 1. Population Growth Trajectories .............................................................................................. 9 Figure 2. Benefit Stream Across Time $Billion (Excluding Box Hill) ..................................................... 10 Figure 3. Taxation Revenue as a Proportion of GDP, Ordered by Tax Burden, 2003 ............................ 14 Figure 4. Melbourne Central Business District (1954) ......................................................................... 19 Figure 5. Northland Shopping Centre (1971)....................................................................................... 20 Figure 6. 1969 Transport Plan – Road and Rail Network Plan ............................................................. 21 Figure 7. 1971 Corridor Growth Plan ................................................................................................... 22 Figure 8. Melbourne Skyline (1981) .................................................................................................... 23 Figure 9. Southbank Skyline (1996) ..................................................................................................... 24 Figure 10. Melbourne 2030 Activity Centres Hierarchy ......................................................................... 25 Figure 11. GDP Growth Rates Volume Measure .................................................................................... 26 Figure 12. Annual Average Unemployment Rate................................................................................... 27 Figure 13. GDP Per Capita Growth......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 14. Selected Indutries Share of GDP ........................................................................................... 28 Figure 15. Congestion at Flinders Street Station ................................................................................... 31 Figure 16. Congestion at Flinders Street Station ................................................................................... 32 Figure 17. CBD Development in the 1950’s ........................................................................................... 33 Figure 18. Employment Numbers by CBD Block (1954)......................................................................... 34 Figure 19. Early City Ring Road and CBD Access Routes (1954)............................................................. 35 Figure 20. Citylink Western and Southern Components ....................................................................... 36 Figure 21. Planned Box Hill District Centre (1954)................................................................................. 37 Figure 22. Proposed Arterial Road Network (1954)............................................................................... 39 Figure 23. Western Ring Road Connectivity .......................................................................................... 40 Figure 24. Demand for Different Land Use as a Function of Accessibility ............................................. 42 Figure 25. Relative EJD Regression Coefficients..................................................................................... 45 Figure 26. Household Share Regression Coefficients ............................................................................ 46 Figure 27. Accessibility Modelling Approach ......................................................................................... 48 Figure 28. Agglomeration Method – Labour Productivity ..................................................................... 50 Figure 29. Agglomeration Method – Human Capital ............................................................................. 51 Figure 30. Citylink Impact to Effective Job Density, 2011 ...................................................................... 53 Figure 31. Employment Impacts, Citylink .............................................................................................. 54 Figure 32. CityLink Employment Impacts, 2011 .................................................................................... 55 Figure 33. CityLink Transport & Wholesale Trade Employment Impacts, 2011 ..................................... 56 Figure 34. CityLink Knowledge Intensive Employment Impacts, 2011 .................................................. 57 Figure 35. CityLink Population Serving Employment Impacts, 2011 ..................................................... 58 Figure 36. Citylink Household Impacts, 2011 ........................................................................................ 59 Figure 37. Citylink Agglomeration Benefits, 2011 ................................................................................. 63 Figure 38. Citylink Additional Employment Benefits, 2011 ................................................................... 64 Figure 39. Citylink Human Capital Benefits, 2011.................................................................................. 66 Figure 40. Citylink Impacts to House Prices, 2011 ................................................................................. 69 Figure 41. Citylink Impacts to Unit Prices, 2011 .................................................................................... 70 Figure 42. Western Ring Road Impacts to Effective Job Density, 2011 .................................................. 71 Figure 43. Employment Impacts, Western Ring Road ........................................................................... 72 Figure 44. Western Ring Road Employment Impacts, 2011................................................................... 73 Figure 45. Western Ring Road Transport & Wholesale Trade Employment Impacts, 2011 ................... 74 Figure 46. Western Ring Road Knowledge Intensive Employment Impacts, 2011 ................................ 75 Figure 47. Western Ring Road Population Serving Employment Impacts, 2011 ................................... 76 Figure 48. Western Ring Road Household Impacts, 2011 ...................................................................... 77 Figure 49. Western Ring Road Agglomeration
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The End of Affordable Housing in Melbourne?
    THE END OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN MELBOURNE? Bob Birrell, Ernest Healy, Virginia Rapson and T. Fred Smith Centre for Population and Urban Research Monash University June 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................. vi Chapter One: Melbourne’s development challenges ............................................. 1 Planning for Melbourne 2002 to 2030 .................................................................... 1 Melbourne’s development after 2002: the reality ............................................................ 2 Dwelling price movements in Melbourne ........................................................................ 4 Melbourne loses its comparative advantage in dwelling prices .......................................... 7 Chapter Two: The response to the crisis in the supply of affordable housing ......... 9 Making the compact city work ...................................................................................... 10 Governance .................................................................................................................. 10 Expanding the coverage of activity centres .................................................................... 11 Opening up the development frontier ........................................................................... 13 Chapter Three: The outcome of activity centre intensification ........................... 15 North of the Yarra .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Green Wedges Coalition - a Vision for Melbourne October, 2009 Joint Coordinator: Rosemary West Phone: 9772 7124 [email protected] 14 Dudley Grove, Edithvale 3196
    Green Wedges Coalition - a vision for Melbourne October, 2009 Joint Coordinator: Rosemary West Phone: 9772 7124 [email protected] 14 Dudley Grove, Edithvale 3196 SUBMISSION TO LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OUTER SUBURBAN/INTERFACE SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT SELECT COMMITTEE INQUIRY INT0 THE IMPACT OF STATE GOVERNMENT’S DECISION TO CHANGE THE URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARY Terms of reference: The Committee has been asked to investigate the State Government’s decision to change the Urban Growth Boundary, and in particular: The impact of the State Government’s decision to change the urban growth boundary on landholders and the environment and plans announced by the Government to introduce an increased development contribution for land in designated growth areas, including — (a) the likely quantum of the collections by Government; (b) mechanisms to ensure the contributions are directed only to the intended purposes; (c) the likely impact on the housing and development industries; (d) any unintended consequences including the impact on all landholders and purchasers to be impacted; (e) any displacement or replacement of Government spending likely to result from the increased collections; and (f) any alternative options, including any used in other jurisdictions; 1. Background: Green Wedges and the role of the Green Wedges Coalition The 1968-71 metropolitan planning process officially established nine Green Wedges as non-urban zones between Melbourne's main urban development corridors. It outlined acceptable non-urban uses, including recreation, flora and fauna conservation. landscape protection, resource utilization and farming. The protection of public land and of public open space is integral to the first two of these uses, but not necessarily to the others.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria's Project Prioritisation Submission to Infrastructure Australia
    2008 VICTORIA’S PROJECT PRIORITISATION SUBMISSION TO INFRASTRUCTURE AUSTRALIA Published by State of Victoria www.vic.gov.au © State Government of Victoria 31 October 2008 Authorised by the Victorian Government, Melbourne. Printed by Impact Digital, Units 3-4 306 Albert Street, Brunswick VIC 3056. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the Provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Victoria Supports the Commonwealth’s Five Key 4 Platforms for Productivity Growth 3. Victoria’s Leading Role in the National Economy 6 4. Transport Challenge Facing Victoria 8 5. Victoria’s Record in Regulatory and Investment Reform 12 6. Victoria’s Strategic Priority Project Packages 14 7. Linkages Table 28 8. Indicative Construction Sequencing 30 Victoria’s Project Prioritisation Submission to Infrastructure Australia 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 AUDIT SUBMISSION These projects will help build Victoria lodged its submission to the National Infrastructure Audit with Infrastructure a stronger, more resilient, and Australia (IA) on 30 June 2008. The Audit Submission provided a strategic overview of sustainable national economy, Victoria’s infrastructure needs in the areas of land transport, water, sea ports, airports, energy and telecommunications. It detailed the key infrastructure bottlenecks and able to capture new trade constraints that need to be addressed to optimise Victoria’s and Australia’s future opportunities and reduce productivity growth. greenhouse gas emissions. Following the lodgement of Victoria’s submission, IA wrote to all States and Territories requesting further input on ‘Problem and Solution Assessment.’ In response to this request, the Victorian Government gave IA offi cials a detailed briefi ng and background paper in September 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • DSE A-Plan-For-Melbournes-Growth
    premier’s message Melbourne’s continuing prosperity – this plan will ensure that these and growth is a sure sign that we live opportunities are as available in the in one of the world’s great cities. Our future as they are today. reputation as a great place to live, A plan for Melbourne’s growth work and raise a family is the envy of areas responds to the challenge of cities worldwide. providing new infrastructure and Backed by a strong economy, the services to meet the needs of new cost of living and doing business in communities over 25 years. The Melbourne is lower than almost any government will continue to build on other city of a similar size. its record of infrastructure. This plan It is expected that over the next 25 will also ensure that developers make years up to 220,000 houses will be a fair contribution to providing better built in Melbourne’s growth areas. and more timely infrastructure for This will provide a significant boost their developments in Melbourne’s for Victoria’s housing construction growth areas. industry, creating more jobs, I thank everyone who has taken the development and investment activity. time to contribute to this policy A plan for Melbourne’s growth areas statement, through the Melbourne will create employment opportunities 2030 Smart Growth Committee closer to where people live. On community workshops and current trends, jobs in these areas consultations. are expected to increase to 320,000 Your work has made an important over the next 25 years. With the contribution to maintaining policies and strategies outlined in Melbourne’s place as one of the this plan, that number could increase world’s great cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Melbourne Action Plan ‘Making Melbourne More Liveable’
    Inner Melbourne Action Plan ‘Making Melbourne More Liveable’ YARRA MELBOURNE DOCKLANDS PORT PHILLIP STONNINGTON This project has been partly funded by a Victorian Government grant as part of the Melbourne 2030 Local Government Assistance Fund – Targeted Grants Program Every city is a story lived every day by its Whether artistic or not, residents promenade, Living in citizens. Melbourne is a multi-layered story with jog, swim, work, eat, drink, shop or do an unknown ending. It is a city that deserves whatever else suits their character in settings the title, ‘one of the world’s most liveable that, once discovered, prove impossible to Melbourne cities’ because it is all about refl ection and forsake. The restaurants of Albert Park or adventure, the familiar and the surprising, Chinatown, like the department store sales of the whimsical and the ebullient. Melbourne Bourke and Collins Streets, or the warehouse is about life itself, incessant and unceasing. outlets of Richmond, are all extremely addictive. And for the sports addicts, let’s At dawn every day early morning workers not forget inner Melbourne’s swimming appear on Melbourne’s streets and laneways. pools, running tracks and gymnasiums. Soon their numbers swell to more than 600,000, a fascinating mix of people occupied However, the real backdrop of inner in hospitality and service, retail, transport, Melbourne is its parks and waterways construction, fi nance, government and a such as the green enclaves of the city’s myriad of other occupations. In skyscrapers inner urban parks, the tree-shadowed and inner-suburban terraced offi ces, in expanse of the Royal Botanic Gardens, emporiums and corner shops, the rhythm the communal paths along the Yarra of the day builds and continues through River or the sun-stunned beaches of to dawn, as second-shifts and night-time Port Phillip Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Melbourne 2030 in Summary
    Melbourne 2030 in summary Melbourne 2030 – planning for sustainable growth is a 30-year plan to manage growth and change across metropolitan Melbourne and the surrounding region. It emphasises the city’s interdependence with regional Victoria, to provide maximum benefit to the whole State. In establishing and articulating this vision good supply of land for development will be considers the area between metropolitan through a set of Principles and nine Key maintained in growth areas, over time there Melbourne and the regional centres of Directions, Melbourne 2030 provides a will be a shift away from growth on the Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo, and the Latrobe framework for governments at all levels to fringe of the city. Valley. respond to the diverse needs of those who This will help prevent urban expansion into Economic, social and environmental matters live and work in and near to Melbourne, and surrounding rural land. The trend towards are integral to Melbourne 2030, but it is not those who visit. fewer people in each household will an economic development plan, a Melbourne 2030 is a plan for the growth continue to support demand for well-located community development strategy or a and development of the metropolitan area. apartment lifestyles around activity centres. comprehensive environmental management An important objective is to ensure that This will be supported by an expanded and plan. Rather, it gives a high-level overview of Melbourne retains the qualities that people more attractive public transport system. the directions metropolitan Melbourne is enjoy about it. Despite a slowdown in expected to take. Its clear focus is the population growth, Melbourne will grow management of future growth, land use and The main thrust is to continue substantially over the next 30 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Systems Transformation Melbourne
    URBAN SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION MELBOURNE 1 THE URBAN CHALLENGE Future Earth Australia, hosted by the Australian that understands the many and varied underlying Academy of Science, is leading a process to co-design a aspirations and values. In turn, this process needs to national strategy for Australian sustainable cities. be guided by shared visioning of our urban futures, underpinned by approaches to co-produce, share and Australia is already one of the most urbanised countries implement knowledge to inform decision-making. In this in the world, with 89% of the population living in urban context all decision-makers and stakeholders are both areas (UNDESA, 2014) and 67% living in the capital providers and users of knowledge. cities. Australia’s estimated resident population of 24.6 million people, as at June 2017, is projected to However, current urban development and decision- increase to between 37.4 and 49.2 million people by making is characterised by a lack of shared vision and 2066 (ABS, 2018). All capital cities are projected to grow excessive fragmentation in institutional arrangements at a greater pace than the rest of their respective state and in relevant knowledge development, translation or territory (ABS, 2018). Some are seeking to constrain and use. growth; others, including many regional centres, are looking for extra or renewed growth. Our urban environments are an interrelated system RESPONDING TO comprising social, economic, ecological and technical spheres. Urban systems transformation is needed to THE CHALLENGE ensure that people can move around efficiently, live in safe and healthy homes, receive adequate education and medical care and enjoy lives of social equity in a healthy Future Earth Australia is working to improve the and biodiverse environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Australian Cities for a More Financially Viable and Sustainable Future. City of Melbourne
    TRANSFORMING AUSTRALIAN FOR A MORE CITIES FINANCIALLY VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Transportation and urban design May 2009 Updated March 2010 1 Transforming Australian Cities TRANSFORMING AUSTRALIAN CITIES FOR A MORE FINANCIALLY VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Table of contents Introduction 3 Context 4 Saving the Australian dream 9 Key development areas of the city 13 Development capacity of Urban Corridors 19 Steps in calculating developable sites along Urban Corridors 20 Preliminary results tram network and priority bus lines 22 Distribution of Urban Corridors in Melbourne Local Government Areas 23 Benefits of Urban Corridors 27 Productive suburbs: areas of stability 28 Potential resources of productive suburbs 31 Benefits of productive suburbs 32 Implementation 33 Concluding remarks 35 2 Transforming Australian Cities Introduction This study was jointly commissioned by the Victorian Department of Transport and the City of Melbourne to establish the potential to transform metropolitan Melbourne to meet the projected population of 8 million by 2050. The study specifically does not deal with rail based public transport and Activity Centres as these have been the subject of extensive investigation over the last ten years. Known capacity figures for Activity Centres and some redevelopment sites have been referenced to allow a more comprehensive understanding of existing capacity with the current Melbourne Metropolitan Boundaries. The Victorian Government’s Melbourne 2030 Strategy and more recently Melbourne @ 5 Million are both based on
    [Show full text]
  • Learning from the Past
    LEARNING FROM THE PAST A history of infrastructure planning in Victoria February 2016 OVERVIEW Victoria’s infrastructure landscape as we know it today has not come about by chance. Rather, it is a result of historical decisions and planning throughout the state’s relatively rapid development during nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Developments such as the gold rush and its aftermath, the granting of statehood and self-government, war, economic downturns, technological advancements and political change all affected infrastructure planning decisions. Melbourne in the 1890s had not only become one of the largest cities in the western world, but was also a leader in infrastructure development, with public and private railways and tramways, a major sewerage scheme, electric street lighting and comprehensive storm-water drainage.1 Throughout Victoria’s history of planning, the challenge for leaders, planners and engineers has essentially remained the same: how best to maintain and provide infrastructure to service development generated by population growth and new economic investment, while managing competing demands on limited resources and preserving amenity and environmental values. These challenges have been tackled through a number of formal plans and strategies produced since the 1920s, starting with the 1929 Plan for general development for Melbourne, the first of its kind in Australia. In the period of the post-Second World War population boom, plans such as the 1954 Melbourne metropolitan planning scheme and the 1971 Planning policies for the Melbourne metropolitan region addressed rapidly changing urban circumstances. These plans were significant on account of their breadth, depth and enduring impact. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries strong, independent statutory bodies with high- level engineering capabilities were made responsible for the funding and delivery of major state infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Mix, Affordable Housing and Metropolitan Planning Strategy in Melbourne
    Community Mix, Affordable Housing and Metropolitan Planning Strategy in Melbourne Gavin Wood1, Mike Berry1, Elizabeth Taylor1, and Christian Nygaard2 1RMIT/NATSEM Research Centre of the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute RMIT University, Australia 2International Centre for Housing and Urban Economics University of Reading, UK 1 Introduction Income segregation across Melbourne’s residential communities is widening, and at a pace faster than in some other Australian cities such as Adelaide. Back in 1996 Australian Taxation Office data show that average taxable income in Melbourne’s 10 postcodes with the highest taxable incomes was 2.1 times that in the 10 postcodes with the lowest taxable incomes. By 2003 this multiple had widened to 2.7, but in Adelaide it remained unchanged at 1.8 over the same time period (Nygaard, Wood and Stoakes, 2006). The widening gap between Melbourne’s rich and poor communities raises fears about concentrations of poverty and social exclusion, particularly if the geography of these communities is such that they and their residents are increasingly isolated from urban services and employment centres. Social exclusion in our metropolitan areas and the government responses to it are commonly thought to be the proper domain of social and economic policy. The role of urban planning is typically neglected, yet it helps shape the economic opportunities available to communities in its attempts to influence the geographical location of urban services, infrastructure and jobs. The location of these dimensions of the urban environment plays a pivotal role in determining a community’s access to public transport, employment, and services and hence the wellbeing of its residents.
    [Show full text]
  • Heart Foundation Victoria
    Heart Foundation Victoria Delivering Melbourne’s Newest Sustainable Communities: Submission to the Growth Areas Authority July 2009 National Heart Foundation of Australia Victorian Division ABN 20 004 463 334 Level 12, 500 Collins Street Melbourne Victoria 3000 Telephone (03) 9329 8511 Facsimile (03) 9321 1574 The Heart Foundation The Heart Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation committed to improving cardiovascular health in Australia. The Heart Foundation’s vision is for Australians to have the best cardiovascular health in the world. Through its research, health promotion programs and policy development, the Heart Foundation promotes healthy public policy to support better health for all Australians. Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease is the term used for a group of diseases including heart disease, stroke and blood vessel disease. It affects more than 3.7 million Australians and is this country’s leading cause of death – more than 46,000 Australians die each year because of cardiovascular disease. Recommendations 1. The Heart Foundation does not support the proposed expansion to Melbourne’s Urban Growth Boundary. We believe that the focus of the Growth Areas Authority should shift towards urban consolidation and sustainable development. This can be achieved by: Basing planning decisions on the principles established in Melbourne 2030. Ensuring that Melbourne’s existing suburbs are well serviced by public transport and other health promoting infrastructure. Embedding healthy urban planning principles into the planning and development process. The Heart Foundation’s Healthy by Design serves as a helpful guide. Protecting high quality agricultural land on Melbourne’s fringe. Requiring the provision of public transport before other land use development can occur.
    [Show full text]
  • East-West Link Needs Assessment
    EAST-WEST LINK NEEDS ASSESSMENT STUDY OVERVIEW BY SIR ROD EDDINGTON Foreword Transport is critical to the future success of Victoria. While the Monash – CityLink – West Gate To maintain our economic success and the liveability Improvement Package announced in the of our State, we must continue to create efficient Meeting Our Transport Challenges Statement will and sustainable ways for people and freight to move improve capacity on that route, further network across Victoria. improvements are required to meet Melbourne’s and Victoria’s long-term needs. The assessment The Premier has asked me to lead a needs will investigate and make recommendations to the assessment into an east-west link across Melbourne. Government on a wide range of options, including I have accepted this challenge because I believe this the capability of linking to possible transit services assessment is of critical importance to the ongoing along the Eastern Freeway, new bus services and economic success of Melbourne and Victoria. public transport interchanges. A task such as this one is not new to me. Over Matters that the investigation will consider include: the past eighteen months, I have been engaged by the UK Government to report on the long-term Public transport opportunities link between transport and economic productivity, Enhanced freight access growth and stability. I have looked at experiences Urban amenity around the world and it is evident that a high standard of transport infrastructure is essential to Road network connectivity economic development. Benefits to the Victorian economy Many of the challenges I have seen in the UK are Traffic congestion the same the world over.
    [Show full text]