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Mali Pijac Na Savi Krajem Xix I Po^Etkom Xx Veka

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Mali Pijac Na Savi Krajem Xix I Po^Etkom Xx Veka UDK 711.552 (497.11) »1830/1919« VERA PAVLOVI]-LON^ARSKI MALI PIJAC NA SAVI KRAJEM XIX I PO^ETKOM VEKA XX ali pijac u Beogradu, centar Savamale ili Savske varo- M {i, ponos grada izme|u 1900. i 1914. godine, do`iveo je sudbinu wegovih drugih delova (Englezovca, Zapadnog i Isto~nog Vra~ara, Dunavske padine…), koji su u ne- dostatku jasnog koncepta razvoja grada postajali pro- stori od najve}eg interesa za prestonicu, a zatim, ne- zavr{eni, prepu{tani su zaboravu. Tako je Savamala, centar ekonomske mo}i dr`ave i mesto su~eqavawa no- vih ideja o gradogradwi, ve} posle Prvog svetskog rata sasvim zanemarena. Dana{wim pogledom na Kara|or- |evu ulicu i okolne ulice ne mo`e se ni pretpostavi- ti sjaj koji su one imale po~etkom XX veka. Po~etak razvoja Savske varo{i, nekada{weg pred- gra|a Beograda1 ili, kako su je Turci zvali – Savske ja- lije, {to je kasnije postao sinonim za utrinu pored Save, vreme je dono{ewa Hati{erifa 1830. godine i osamostaqivawa srpske vlasti. Po mi{qewu tada{we vlasti, jedini deo grada koji je bio dovoqno udaqen od turske varo{i u {ancu i koji nije imao poseban pe~at turske vlasti bio je prostor prema reci Savi. Me|u »tro{nim ku}ama la|ara, bostanxija i Ciga- na«,2 i kafana, uglavnom od slabog materijala,3 nalazila se samo jedna reprezentativna gra|evina – nekada{wa Carska xamija na Savi, kasnije nazvana [erif xamija.4 Deo Savamale u blizini Tvr|ave, do dana{weg sav- skog mosta, nazivan je jo{ i Liman – »po pristani{tu 5 carskih dereglija«. Daqe niz Savsku, a pre toga Majdansku ulicu, na ras- kr{}u nekoliko sokaka ve} tada je formiran Mali pi- jac (za razliku od Velike pijace u {ancu). Mali pijac je zauzimao prostor »izme|u Bristola i Beogradske zadru- ge do ulice Javorske (Svetozara Radi}a), i dole ka dr- varama«.6 Mi{qewe, iako uvre`eno, da se radi o trgu neki istori~ari su poku{ali da opovrgnu tvrde}i da on »nosi samo ime pijace, a u stvari je pro{ireno raskr- {}e za ~etiri ulice koje se tu susti~u«.7 Bez obzira na 107 108 SPOMENI^KA BA[TINA SPOMENI^KA li pijac na{li na spisku najva`nijih gradskih ulica. gradskih najva`nijih spisku na na{li pijac li stol«. Han je izgra|en verovatno oko 1834. godine, 1834. oko verovatno izgra|en je Han stol«. jer 19 13 data je 1862. godine, kada su se i Kara|or|eva ulica i Ma- i ulica Kara|or|eva i se su kada godine, 1862. je data }ev han, koji se nalazio na mestu sada{weg hotela »Bri- hotela sada{weg mestu na nalazio se koji han, }ev je}i grad u {ancu i da nema vi{e karakter predgra|a karakter vi{e nema da i {ancu u grad je}i Tada je ve} postojao i veliki Kova~ev ili Kova~evi- ili Kova~ev veliki i postojao ve} je Tada jama«, kao i izvestan broj novopodignutih ku}a. novopodignutih broj izvestan i kao jama«, Potvrda da je Savska varo{ istog ranga kao i posto- i kao ranga istog varo{ Savska je da Potvrda 12 sandra Bugarskog. sandra postoji veliki broj solana »u daskama zatvorenim sta- zatvorenim daskama »u solana broj veliki postoji 18 anga`uju}i kao projektanta poznatog arhitektu Alek- arhitektu poznatog projektanta kao anga`uju}i iz 1841. godine da cveta trgovina, naro~ito soqu, i da i soqu, naro~ito trgovina, cveta da godine 1841. iz puno izmenio i uskladio sa zahtevima novog vremena, novog zahtevima sa uskladio i izmenio puno Da su intervencije imale uspeha svedo~i i podatak i svedo~i uspeha imale intervencije su Da posreduju moraju nastaniti na Savi«. na nastaniti moraju posreduju snik Rista Paranos je posle samo petnaest godina pot- godina petnaest samo posle je Paranos Rista snik 11 kane, kao i naredba »da se qudi koji trguju i trgovinu i trguju koji qudi se »da naredba i kao kane, tela. Hotel »Bosnu«, izgra|enu 1860. godine, wegov vla- wegov godine, 1860. izgra|enu »Bosnu«, Hotel tela. Za Savamalu je od najve}eg zna~aja bila izgradwa \umru- izgradwa bila zna~aja najve}eg od je Savamalu Za uslovili su izgradwu novih i prepravku postoje}ih ho- postoje}ih prepravku i novih izgradwu su uslovili materijala poru{io i doneo odluku o izgradwi novih. izgradwi o odluku doneo i poru{io materijala broj trgovaca koji je svakodnevno dolazio u Beograd u dolazio svakodnevno je koji trgovaca broj wene stanovnike u Palilulu, postoje}e ku}e od slabog od ku}e postoje}e Palilulu, u stanovnike wene Izuzetno brz razvoj Beograda uz reku Savu i veliki i Savu reku uz Beograda razvoj brz Izuzetno telima evropskog tipa. evropskog telima ne. U ciqu ure|ewa Savamale knez Milo{ je preselio je Milo{ knez Savamale ure|ewa ciqu U 10 17 Evropskoj, a kasnije Hercegova~koj ulici pripadao ho- pripadao ulici Hercegova~koj kasnije a Evropskoj, mi{qewa Sovjeta, on to pravo izgubio jo{ 1839. godi- 1839. jo{ izgubio pravo to on Sovjeta, mi{qewa odluci ona i bila kne`ev spahiluk, kne`ev bila i ona odluci Pretpostavqa se da je i hotel »Evropa« u tada{woj u »Evropa« hotel i je da se Pretpostavqa iako je, na osnovu na je, iako 9 XX vamale, pri ~emu treba imati u vidu da je po vezirovoj po je da vidu u imati treba ~emu pri vamale, veka. po~etkom ru{ewa do sve zna~aj svoj imao tervencije kneza Milo{a na regulaciji i ure|ewu Sa- ure|ewu i regulaciji na Milo{a kneza tervencije brzo po~eli da se grade hoteli evropskog tipa, Han je Han tipa, evropskog hoteli grade se da po~eli brzo Polazi{te za razvoj ovog dela varo{i bile su in- su bile varo{i dela ovog razvoj za Polazi{te magazama i {talama. Iako su u neposrednoj blizini vrlo blizini neposrednoj u su Iako {talama. i magazama skoro zvani~an naziv Bara Venecija. Bara naziv zvani~an skoro ro{ za sebe«, sa du}anima, kafanama, sobama za izdavawe, za sobama kafanama, du}anima, sa sebe«, za ro{ wa Top~iderske reke u Savu i koja je kasnije dobila kasnije je koja i Savu u reke Top~iderske wa »~itavu malu va- malu »~itavu je predstavqao danas, do poznat zivom `ala od dana{weg Svetonikolskog trga do mesta uliva- mesta do trga Svetonikolskog dana{weg od `ala renovirawe kafane. renovirawe Paranosov han, samo pod tim na- tim pod samo han, Paranosov 16 Iza Male pijace bila je Ciganska bara, koja se pru- se koja bara, Ciganska je bila pijace Male Iza Rista Paranos i, ve} 1867, izvr{io wegovu dogradwu i dogradwu wegovu izvr{io 1867, ve} i, Paranos Rista ma dugo je bio sinonim za sveukupnu beogradsku trgovinu. beogradsku sveukupnu za sinonim bio je dugo ma mesta na kome se nalazi. Godine 1865. Godine nalazi. se kome na mesta Han je otkupio je Han 15 ga. Na wemu su se okupqali trgovci sa svih strana i veo- i strana svih sa trgovci okupqali se su wemu Na ga. ali bez precizirawa bez ali ~evi}a s daskama pokriven an«, pokriven daskama s ~evi}a 14 je imao sve odlike tr- odlike sve imao je pijac Mali mi{qewa, razli~ita se pomiwe u jednom dokumentu iz 1835. kao »Sime Kova- »Sime kao 1835. iz dokumentu jednom u pomiwe se 8 Sl. 1. Hotel »Bosna«, razglednica sa po~etka 20. veka 20. po~etka sa razglednica »Bosna«, Hotel 1. Sl. VERA PAVLOVI]-LON^ARSKI VERA MALI PIJAC NA SAVI KRAJEM XIX I PO^ETKOM XX VEKA Iste, 1862. godine, u decembru, Mali pijac je dobio jo{ jedno svedo~anstvo novoste~enog ugleda – krst od crvenog mermera, simbol pobede nad Turcima. Podig- nut posle Vozarevi}evog Krsta na Vra~aru i Spomenika oslobodiocima Beograda u Kara|or|evom parku, Krst sa Male pijace jedini je autenti~no sa~uvan spomenik pobedi20 iz tog vremena. Iako su za wegovo podizawe zaslu`na samo dva ~o- veka – ]ira Hristi}, trgovac i Antonije Radivojevi}, sluga – koji su Krst kupili kao ve} gotov,21 iza same ide- je stajao je »ceo Beograd«, o ~emu svedo~i onovremena {tampa u kojoj se navodi da je »osve}ewu prisustvovalo pet sve{tenika i mnogo naroda«.22 Prilikom imenovawa beogradskih ulica, dve godine kasnije, Mali pijac, vi{e ne samo pijaca ve} trg u pravom 23 smislu te re~i, dobi}e naziv Pijaca svetog Nikole. [ezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina XIX veka po~iwe nastawivawe trgovaca u Savamali. Mogu}nost da samo- stalno trguju sa svetom stvorila im je imetak i ugled. Do tada su oni na prostoru uz Savu imali samo magaze i du}ane, a od tada su jedan za drugim, prvo bra}a Krsma- novi}, zatim Rista Paranos, Konstantin Antula, Luka ]elovi} i \or|e Vu~o, po~eli da kupuju placeve i da grade ku}e. Bra}a Krsmanovi} su ve} 1877. godine bila u stawu da od Mi{e Anastasijevi}a kupe veliko imawe Sl. 2. Krst sa Malog pijaca »Liman« na Savi.24 Od tada pa do kraja veka oni su ku- pili i najve}i broj placeva pored Save, gde su podigli veliki broj i danas postoje}ih gra|evina. Ne{to mla|a od we, na uglu ulica Kraqevi}a Mar- Godine 1884. izgra|ena je `elezni~ka stanica. Ona ka i Gavrila Principa 8, nalazi se druga ku}a Kon- je bila istovremeno priznawe statusa Savske varo{i i stantina Antule.
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