BULLETIN HISTORICAL 50CIETY MONTGOMERY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA J^ONR/STOWJV

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PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY AT IT5 BUILDING )6S*^ DEKALB STREET NORRISTOWN.PA.

SPRING, 1969 VOLUME XVI No. 4

PRICE $1.50 The Historical Society of Montgomery County

OFFICERS Hon. Alfred L. Taxis, President Robert B. Brunner, Esq., Vice President J. A. Peter Strassburger, Vice President Hon. Robert W. Honeyman, Vice President Howard W. Gross, Treasurer Eva G. Davis, Recording Secretary Mrs. Earl W. Johnson, Corresponding Secretary Mrs. LeRoy Burris, Financial Secretary

TRUSTEES Herbert T. Ballard, Jr. Merrill A. Bean Kirke Bryan, Esq. Norris D. Davis Mrs. Andrew Y. Drysdale Donald A. Gallager, Esq. Hon. David E. Groshens Howard W. Gross Kenneth H. Hallman Arthur H. Jenkins Ellwood C. Parry, Jr. Willum S. Pettit John F. Reed Hon. Alfred L. Taxis Mrs. Franklin B. Wildman fir

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BENJAMIN EASTBURN'S SURVEY IN UPPER MERION TOWN SHIP NOTING AN ERROR IN AN EARLIER SURVEY OF MOUNT JOY MANOR. (See article for interpretive map.) Courtesy Historical Society of Pennsylvania THE BULLETIN of the HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY Published Semi-Annmlly—Spring and Fall

Volume XVI Spring, 1969 No. 4

CONTENTS Editorial 259

Traitors by Choice or Chance (concluded) Ellwood C. Parry, Jr. 261

A Palatine Boor, A Short Comprehensive History of the Life of Christopher Sauer I Herbert Harley 286 Benjamin Eastbum John F. Reed 298

The United States Census of 1850, Montgomery County Edited by Jane K. Burris New Hanover Township 313 Whitemarsh Township 383

Reports

John F. Beed, Editor

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE The Editpr, Chairman Mrs. Leroy Burris William T. Parsons Mrs. Earl W. Johnson Mrs. William H. Smith Copyright, 1969, by The Historical Society of Montgomery County

257 EDITORIAL

In order to celebrate the nation's bicentennial in 1976 the first assurance that Americans must have is that they still have a country in which and for which to celebrate. The present external and internal forces that are attempting to tear the nation apart in all too frequent cases are determined that, de spite all our planning, there will be no anniversary to cele brate; that there will no longer be a "home of the free and the brave" on this distracted planet. These sinister forces are daily taking action, both overtly and covertly, to destroy the very liberties the bicentennialists wish to celebrate, the very liberties that permit dissent, the liberties that are the hope of thinking mankind. Their actions should enlighten patriots not only to the destructive aims of this dissident minority, but also to the only effective countermeasure that can be employed to combat this political destructiveness—ACTION BY THE PATRIOTIC MAJORITY. Let patriots say, "We the American people mil not let anarchy and destruction rule us!'* If the subversive ele ment depends on action for publicity and threat, why not more public action on the part of the multitudes of patriots to defeat the enemy's sinister purposes? Not action outside the law, but more action unthin the law—^more expressions of patriotism and love of country, more support of freedom, more show of majority strength via patriotic meetings and oratory, more personal consideration of what the nation and human freedom stand for and less consideration of self-satisfaction and selfish ends. Has patriotism become such a "dirty word" that Ameri cans are willing to surrender their sacred liberties in order to avoid saying it?

Extract from a speech by THE EDITOR at Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge, October SI, 1968.

259 TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE (Concluded)

By Ellwood C. Parry, Jr.

No matter how endless the winter of 1777-78 seemed to the naked and hungry Continental soldiers at Valley Forge, the months which followed must have seemed even longer and more perilous to their countrymen who actively aided the British in and around Philadelphia. There was no Montgomery County then, but the townships which formed our county after the Rev olution contributed about 50 persons to the "Black List" of those attainted of treason and thereby threatened with con fiscation of all their property and possible hanging. In the preceding issue of this Bulletin are recounted the slow and often uncertain steps taken by the Continental Con gress and the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania to identify, apprehend, and punish those "who went over to the enemy." Also in that article are the names and misdeeds of several men of Cheltenham, Horsham, Moreland, and Abington Townships who carried their Toryism beyond the bounds of forgiveness by their Whig neighbors. Those bounds were con siderably more elastic, despite many isolated acts of persecu tion, than can easily be imagined today. A letter from the Su preme Executive Council, two years after the Declaration of Independence, complains: ... As to 'concealed enemies,' it is the duty of every good citizen to make diligent enquiry after them, and to report what they know of them and of their effects to the Magis trates and Commissioners: but it is too evident that there is a great unwillingness in the people of the city to give the necessary information against the disaffected. This subjects both the Council and the Chief Justice to very great difficulties.

261 262 bulletin op historical society of Montgomery county

At the end of the article mentioned above is recorded the fact tiiat John Knight's farm in Abington was confiscated "for the use of the University," and that the price was ^41,000.Two points here need further clarification, since they apply to several other properties of attainted persons. The charter of the Academy and College of Philadelphia (founded by Franklin) provided that its trustees take an oath of allegiance to the King of Great Britain. After the war began some of the trustees, particularly Provost Dr. William Smith, took seriously the obligations of that oath and were more than a little vocal in the British cause. Peter Cress, a Sadler and harness maker, in a deposition of March 20, 1779, is quoted as saying: ... That on the day on which the attack was made by the Vigilant on the fortification at Mud Island, Doctor Will iam Smith,... with a number of other people of the city of Philadelphia, was on the banks near the mouth of the river Schuylkill, viewing the attack with a large Spy- Glass or Telescope. That after the firing from the Round tops of the Vigilant began and was returned from the fort he the said Peter Cress was standing behind and veiy near the said Doctor Smith, and heard him the said Doctor say, that if they, the men in the fort meaning, do not surrender they ought every man of them to be put to the Sword, or words to this effect. By July of 1779 Council began to concern itself with the administration of the college, called for its Book of Records, and referred its charterto the Attorney General for his opinion as to its compatability with the laws of Pennsylvania. In Sep tember Joseph Reed, president of Council, in an address to the General Assembly, observed: ... it might well have been presumed they [the trustees of the college] would have sought the aid of Government for an establishment consistent with the revolution and conformable to the great changes of Policy and Govern ment ... The influence of a seat of learning upon the TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 263

peace and good order of Government, have, we think, been too fully exemplified in the country from which we have separated, to permit any well regulated State to neglect or overlook it. The Assembly forthwith annulled the Academy's charter and created The University of Pennsylvania to take its place. It further authorized Council "to reserve such and so many of the Confiscated Estates as maybe necessary to Create a fund for the support of the Provost [no longer Dr. Smith], and other officers of such University of the State." Accordingly, begin ning in 1780 all such outright sales included a 25% reserve for the university, and in John Knight's case the entire proper ty was turned over to the University of Pennsylvania. In other words, purchasers acquired title by paying three-fourths of the sale price and agreeing to pay an annual return (like a mortgage interest) on the other quarter. This proved to be an ingenious way of endowing the university without taxing the citizens of the state directly. The university, in most instances, took its income in the form of bushels of wheat—a more stable commodiiy than the rapidly depreciating Continental currency. John F. Watson, in his Annals, presents a scale of depreci ation prepared by an old Philadelphia merchant. It shows month-by-month from January 1777 to February 1781 how the paper money declined from nearly par with specie to 75 to 1. Later it became completely worthless. In August 1780, when Knight's farm brought £ 41,000, the rate was 70 to 1, or about £ 588 ($2,800) in "hard money"—a much more realistic figure for 107 acres in those days. Canny purchasers of these pro perties often delayed making payment until the currency de preciated still further. After the Knight brothers, the only other Abington link to so-called treason is a brief note in the Pennsylvania Arch ives: "James Stevenson, late of Abington township, Practition er in Physick; Charged on Oath of Matthias Bush & Jacob S. Miller with Treasonable Practices," supposedly for having gone to join the enemy on the frontiers. A Philadelphia baker, named James Stevens, or Stevenson, was accused, surrendered. 264 bulletin of historical society of Montgomery county

and was acquitted. It may have been the same man.A week after the proclamation was issued, Dennis O'Neal, of McAllesters Town, wrote to Council President Wharton: The traitor who is noticed in your Proclamation by the name of James Stevenson, late baker, should have been called James Stevens, late baker. I know the man well, he was, I think, one of our Money Signers, if I mistake not was appointed by a supplementary Act to ye $150,000 Loan Office Act, to expedite as a Signer the Gompleating of that Emission. As the Tory has property, he should have in a future day no hole to creep out by saying that the name ad vertized was not his. .. N.B., It will be the more necessary to make the alteratiun, as there is one or more James Ste venson in Philad'a. In Upper Dublin Township were Nathan Carver, a wheel wright on Horsham Boad, Israel Evans, and another John Roberts, both blacksmiths, all attainted on May 21, 1778. Little is known about them, except that Carver was a private Second Class in the Militia in 1777, although he apparently preferred paying his muster and substitute fines to actually serving. An excellent article in the Bulletin of this Society in tiie Spring of 1965, by John F. Reed, relates the tribulations of Henry Juncken (or Younken), of Springfield. Juncken's of fense seems to have been largely verbal. An immigrant from Germany, he built up a substantial property as shopkeeper in Philadelphia and farmer on the Germantown Road in Springfield, but was much too outspoken in his Lojralist con victions. In his letters he declared that he did not betray his own conscience—"Neither Whig nor Tory did that," he said, "except for the weak and comparative few to whom self- preservation exceeded conscience." This did not save him, however, from arrest, the abuse of his neighbors, and eventual confiscation of his personal property and real estate, including valuable furniture and household items he had left during the winter of 1776-77 with various friends, including Jacob Funk TBAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 265 in Cheltenham and Samuel Emlen in Second Street. By 1779 the agents for the State began to discover the goods that Funk and the others had concealed, though they probably never did find all of them. In January 1781, for example: Charles Eller, of Germantown, labourer, being exam ined on oath, having declared that Catharine, the wife of John Sneider, some time last winter, shewed him bonds and other eifects, to wit: a bed and a clock, belonging as she said to Henry Younken: A warrant was issued to the Sheriff of the city and county of Philadelphia to make search in the day time for the said effects, and to make return thereof to this Council forthwith. Juncken and his wife went from Philadelphia to New York to London, where he sought £2,725 (sterling) indemnity from the British for his losses here. Later he migrated again, this time to Quebec. After his death there in 1803, his widow re turned to live out her remaining years in Springfield (and probably also to reclaim various possessions not discovered during the traitor-hunting years). In nearby Whitemarsh were the Robeson brothers, Peter and Jonathan, Jr., millers on the Wissahickon Creek at Valley Green Road, near the Bethlehem Pike in Flourtown. The mill, built by their father, was a local landmark. Early German settlers in Salford and Franconia Townships had brought their grain there for grinding before they had mills of their own. Jonathan, Jr., was a large landowner and an executor of the extensive estate of his father-in-law, Edward Farmar, descend ant of the first family in the area. Among his 11 children, one son, also named Jonathan, was a lieutenant in the First City Troop and was ordered on duty during the Whisky Re bellion. The records show that Peter surrendered to the state authorities and was acquitted of treason. Since there is no mention of the seizure of Jonathan's considerable property, it may be assumed that he, too, was exonerated. However, some suppositions concerning the Robesons and their mill may be drawn from this petition of John Moore and 17 others to Council in February 1779: 266 op historical society of Montgomery county

... to let your Honours know the Distress of our Country in Regard of Bread, is as follows, viz.: there is Wheat plenty, But there is so many disaffected people that will not sell their grain without hard money, and it chiefly lays in the Hands of such People, Especially in the town ship of Whitemarsh. There is great plenty of wheat, but not a handfull to be sold for Continental money, so we, your humble petitioners. Beg the favours of your honours to take our Lamentable Case into searious Consideration, as our Case is Lamentable. Our Wives and Children must starve unless your Honours will Be pleased to grant your faithfull subjects some Relief.. . To set a Reasonable price on wheat, pr. bushels, as we, your faithfull subjects, can live, and we shall Ever bless your Honours. John Robeson, a cordwainer (shoemaker) in Whitpain, was another whose estate (like that of Daniel Jeans, of More- land) was "a wasting very fast" before he was proclaimed a traitor on June 22, 1779. His 75 acres included "a good house. Barn, stone spring House, and sundry out Buildings, a well planted orchard, some good meadow, and wood land whereon is some Timber," but there were these encumbrances: "John Robeson, Junr., to keep on said place, 1 horae, 3 cows and 6 sheep, to give £4 pr. an. in Cash and a house to his Grant mother during life. And to his step-mother £2 pr. an. during the grandmother's life and £4 during her own life afterwards, Also a legacy to his Sister of ^50 due 3 years ago." The public sale was held at the Court House in Philadelphia (the county seat) on May 30, 1781. The State, as usual, paid for liquor consumed at the sale, but whether this was intended to wet the whistle of the auctioneer or to overcome inhibition on the part of the bidders is not clear. Edward Milne acquired the prop erty for £715, subject to the Supreme Court decree allowing "Sarah Robinson [sic], widow, the additional stone building adjoining the Log dwelling house built by John Robinson the son during her widowhood, also the keeping of a horse, two cows & six sheep during her widowhood, [and] subject to a yearly ground rent of twenty-one bushels and nine-twenti- TBAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 267 eths part of a bushel of good merchantable wheat, payable to the trustees of the University of this state—^three fourths of which sum the said Edward Milne has paid to the agents of said county, the remaining one-fourth being reserved for the purpose aforesaid." Whitpain had two others on the list, both yeomen. Stephen Steyer, named in the proclamation of June 15, 1778, was later discharged by proclamation. Isaac Taylor had his "One Moiety of 100 Acres of Land in Whippen Township" seized and sold to the University for £20,000 in November 1780. The Hon. Jones Detwiler, in an article in the first volume of Historical Sketches of Montgomery County, states that at a meeting of Council held at Philadelphia in January 1778 (this should, of course, be 1779) Isaac Taylor was ordered arrested for aiding the enemy by joining the British army. Stephen Steyer and Isaac Taylor, Detwiler noted, "surrendered themselves, and were discharged." If this is so, Taylor must have incurred the Council's wrath a second time, because he and John Robeson were both proclaimed traitors in June 1779, and both lost their estates. Three of the four accused in Pljmouth Township were discharged. They were the brothers Lisle, John and Robert, both laborers, and Nicholas Knight, limeburner. Knight, who died in 1787 at age 69, was the son of John Nicholas Knight, described by the Hon. William H. Yeakle "as a gentleman of wealth" whose deeply panelled headstone in the ancient grave yard adjoining the Williams School in Whitemarsh was "cur iously wrought, with lettering in quite old style both in spell ing and form." The stone was dated 1722. In his Campaign to Valley Forge, John F. Reed mentions "a Quaker by the name of Parker, whom Howe had com mandeered as a guide." He gave the British intimate informa tion about Chester County before the Battle of Brandywine. It may have been John Parker, of Plymouth, a laborer about whom little can be discovered except that he was proclaimed a traitor on May 21, 1778. Several Parkers belonged to Ply mouth Friends Meeting. 268 BULLETIN OP HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY

Of the four accused in Norriton, one, John Huntsman, miller, was acquitted, and another, William Evans, carpenter, cannot be traced in the records. It is not known whether he was acquitted or proscribed. The brothers-in-law Robert Cunard, identified as a "Major," and Enoch Supplee, farmer, are another story. The Cunard name evolved from Kunders to Gunreds to Conrad or Cunard. One of this family, a Tory but not a traitor, fled from Norriton to Nova Scotia, where he married, and was the father of Sir Samuel Cunard, founder of the famous Royal Mail Steamship Line. Robert was a cousin of Sir Samuel's father, and his sister Sarah was the wife of Enoch Supplee. Both of these men eventually led small parties of emigrants to Kings County, New Brunswick. The most colorful narrative I have discovered about the traitors of our county (and it involves two of them) is con tained in the Sketches of this Society where Major William H. Bean quotes notes given Col. Theodore W. Bean in 1886 by Jeremiah Weber, an old resident of Norristown. It deserves re-publication: A correct and true account of the attempt made to cap ture Esquire Andrew Knox as given me by Isaac Mc- Glathery himself in 1835 when I worked on his farm. Andrew Knox lived on his farm in Whitpain township on the highway leading from the State road to Geisen- himer's Mill on the township line road between Norriton and Whitpain townships. The names of the men who made the attempt to make the capture were as follows: Enoch Supplee, Robert Jones, John Stuthers, Abisha Wright and William Thurlow. Thurlow was wounded. It took place in January, 1778 [it was actually February]. They said after their capture that they had a meeting under a tree near the mill. There was a slight snowfall while they were in consultation. Stuthers was wounded and was tracked in the snow from Knox's to Thomas Livezey's in Plymouth township, where he was found under a hogshead in the cellar. This led to the capture of the others by Stuthers giving their names for which he was left [sic] go free. He TRAITORS BY CHOICE OB CHANCE 269

had been met by the others and they compelled him to go along with them. Supplee and Jones escaped to the British lines below Barren Hill. Wright and Thurlow were cap tured by Isaac McGlathery, Henry Houpt, Abraham Weiers, and Peter Sterigere. When Thurlow found that they were going to take him and Wright up to Knox's, he became stubborn and would not go. The road that runs up to the Knox farm is opposite the school house called Ellis School. In the field in front of the house stood a large walnut tree. They hanged Thurlow on a limb of this tree. When Wright saw this, he went along to Knox's, and Esquire Knox sent them with him to the Provost Marshal. The officers made short work of him. They hanged him to the limb of a large white oak tree that stood near the Square (probably Penn) [but possibly Montgomery Square], until a few years ago. Stuthers said the British promised each of them ten guineas for the cap ture of Knox and the same for Captain Curry who lived in Norriton township near what is now Jeffersonville. The Knox house was built of stone and stood about 80 yards from the road and nearly opposite the lane leading to McGlathery's house. The houses were about 200 yards apart. A black girl from Knox's ran to McGlathery's for aid. Her screams alarmed the attacking party, but before leaving they fired five or six shots into the door.* Additional details of the attempted kidnaping of this jus tice of the peace are contained in a letter written at Valley Forge by Washington's aide de camp, John Laurens, to his father, then President of Congress sitting at York: This gentleman's house was surrounded early in the morning some days ago by a party of traitors, lately dis tinguished by the title of royal refugees; he was in bed in a lower room, and upon their demanding admittance, was going to open to them, when his son, who was above,

•This door is now on display in the headquarters of the Montgomery County Historical Society, Norristown, Pa. 270 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY

and perceiving from the window fixed bayonets, call'd to him to keep his door shut and warned him of danger. The villains in the mean time pressed against the door; the old man armed himself with his cutlass, and his son descended with a gun. The door was at length forced half open by one of the most enterprising; the father kept it in that position with his left hand and employed his right in defending the passage. After some vigorous strokes, his cutlass broke; the bad condition of the son's fusil had prevented his firing till this moihent. He was now prepared to salute the as sailants, but the old man thinking all was iost by the failure of his weapon, called to him not to fire; upon farther exami nation, however, he says he found that by being shortened, it was only better adapted to close quarters, and renewed the fight. The villains fired seven shots through the door, one of which grazed the squire's knee, which was all the damage done. They then threw down their arms, and took to their heels; they were pursued by the Knoxes and a party of militia, and one of them who was concealed in a cellar was taken. The besetting of Mr. Knox's house is a matter of civil cognizance, but it appears that the prisoner has held cor respondence with the enemy, and supplied them with pro visions, and he will probably suffer death for those offences by sentence of court-martial. In the "rich man, poor man" preamble to the first part of this article, a thief is listed. That thief was Abijah Wright, one of the two said to have been hanged for taking part in this villainy. He was one of three brothers listed among six traitors from Hatfield, although he was attainted for burglary, not treason. He apparently had a record of crimes in Philadelphia, Chester, Bucks, Lancaster, and Northampton Counties. The Wrights, Abijah, John, and Jonathan, all identified as yeomen, had purchased large farms from their father in the lower part of the township, a mile from Lansdale, but had not paid for them by the time he died. His will set a time limit for pay- TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 271 ment which the boys did not meet. Technically, therefore, Abi- jah's 94 acres, John's 50, and Jonathan's 101 did not belong to the traitors at all, but to their father's estate. This, however, did not forestall confiscation and sale of the farms. An appeal to the Supreme Court bythe father's executor thatAbijah's land should not be taken since he was not accused of treason was rejected. His other crimes seem to have provided sufficient justification. When Jenkin Evans and Charles Humphreys took inventory of the brothers' personal possessions, which in cluded one horse with the "pole-evil," they swore on the holy Evangelists, before a justice of the peace, that they had made "a just Praisment." The Wrights must have been a shiftless tribe. Jonathan's land was described as "very poor," and they were all "very much in debt." Among the creditors of both John and Jonathan was the treasurer of the free school of Montgomery township. What actually happened to Abijah, however, is obscured by conflicting evidence. Despite Jeremiah Weber's recollections (repeated with some obviously incorrect datesby Chauncey B. Knapp in the first Bulletin of this Society), Abijah was not hanged from any white oak limb near either Penn or Mont gomery Square. On November 30, 1778, a transcript of the conviction of Abijah for felony and burglary was read to Council: At a Court of Oyer & Terminer & General Goal delivery held at Philadelphia, for the County of Philadelphia, the twentieth day of September, in the year of Our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and Seventy-eight, it was pre sented, That Abijah Wright, late of the County of Phila delphia, Laborer, had with force and Arms, at Whitpain, in the County aforesaid, the dwelling house of Andrew Knox, Esq., there situated, feloniously and burglariously did break and enter, with an intent him, the said Andrew Knox, then and their being, feloniously to kill and murder, &ca., &ca.: It was, therefore, considered by the Court that the said Abijah Wright be hanged by the Neck 'til he be dead. 272 bulletin of histoeical society of Montgomery county

^ And on deliberate consideration, Ordered, That the Sentence of the Supreme Court against Abijah Wright, be executed against him on Satur day next [December 5, 1778], at the usual place, between the hours of ten O'Clock in the forenoon and two O'Clodc in the Afternoon of the said day. On the fourth of December, a petition by the wife, children, relatives, and neighbors of Abijah for a stay of execution was read before the Council, but there is no indication of their decision. (In most such cases silence gave consent to execu tion.) However, two years later, Council ordered that Joseph Stansbury (a Tory accused but acquitted of treason after sing ing "God Save the King**); ... be permitted to go to New York, he giving his promise upon honor to proceed immediately to that city, and use his utmost endeavors to have Abijah Wright and Casper Geyer, now prisoners on Long Island, released and permitted to return home... The Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher relates that a bar ber who shaved prisoners in the old jail at Third and Market Streets once called out to his neighbors in Cherry Alley "to turn out and bring their spades with them for they were to hang and bury Tories," and "had been very abusive to Abijah Wright, who was hanged for being a guide to the British Army while they lay in the city." Fisher also mentions Stansbury's trip to New York without explanation of the apparent contra diction. Could Abijah possibly have escaped the noose by join ing the Continental army? Not too much has been discovered about the other three Hat- field miscreants: Thomas Green, yeoman or shoemaker; Thomas Silkod, yeoman; and Cornelius Toys (or Tyson), black smith. There is even some question where they lived, since both Bucks and Philadelphia Counties listed them. Green (if he is the same man) was a member of the Loyal American Legion, a provincial regiment in British service which went to Vir ginia with Benedict Arnold, but returned -with him to New York TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 273 in 1781 "because the men had deserted so fast in Virginia they could no longer be trusted there." This Green later died in New Brunswick. It is reasonably safe to guess that one or more of the Hat- field traitors took part in the kidnaping of 130 fat cattle col lected in New York for the troops at Valley Forge. It was a cruel loss to Washington on the night after his birthday in 1778. The herd was being driven overland from the Delaware at Howell's Ferry to the Continental slaughter-house in Lower Providence Township. General Lacey, being short (as always) of troops, provided no protection for the drovers as they took a roundabout route through Doylestown into Hatfield Township, There a Tory informer, posing as an officer of Washington's staff, induced them to spend the night on a farm near Bartho lomew's Tavern. Disguised as farmers, a company of British dragoons, accompanied by Captain Richard Hovenden, a traitor from Newtown, Bucks County, rode out of the city and up the Bethlehem and Skippack Pikes, falling upon the cattle and their keepers at daybreak, capturing them all, and returning with them triumphantly into Philadelphia. It is a long jump, both socially and geographically, from the rabble of Hatfield to the distinguished Potts family of Doug lass and New Hanover Townships (before the Pottsgrove town ships were formed). John Potts, founder of Pottsgrove, had 13 children. The three oldest boys, Thomas, Samuel, and John, came into possession of most of his nearly 1,000 acres compris ing the present borough of Pottstown. The oldest, Thomas, was an active member of the Colonial Assembly, and helped to raise and equip five companies of riflemen from the Pottsgrove area. Samuel, the second son, made cannon at the Warwick Furnace for Washington's troops. Dr. Jonathan, another of the brothers, entered the Continental Army as a physician and became Director General of the Middle Department of the Army. Isaac owned the Valley Forge Mills and his home be came AVashington's headquarters during that fateful winter. John, Jr., however, held a commission as judge under the crown of England, and spent his winters in Philadelphia, the summers 274 bulletin of histokical society of Montgomery county either at his estate on the Schuylkill, which he called "Stowe," or at his dwelling at High and Hanover Streets. Another brother, David, was also attainted, but was subsequently dis charged by proclamation. As one of the "late crown & proprietary officers" covered in the resolution of Congress on July 31, 1777, John was or dered arrested, either "to be confined or enlarged upon parole." According to local tradition he escaped from a rear window of his house on High Street as a squad of Continental troops ap proached to arrest him. He hid for a time with relatives, and, according to Sabine (quoting from a Loyalist tract published in London in 1784), offered half of his property to the Whigs if they would restore the other half, which they refused to do. It may be that Potts considered his crime, if any, no worse than misprision of treason, a serious misdemeanor for which the penalty was the loss of half of one's estate. It is unlikely that a judge would have stooped to bribery if he had a legal loophole by which to escape, and this was the loophole Judge Potts hoped to employ. On June 3, 1778, Colonel James Morgan, in Reading, wrote to Council Vice President George Bryan, in Lancaster: There is a report here that the English have evacuated Phila'a; it is beyond a doubt that John Potts and Samuel Shewmaker Embarked on Sunday evening, but they don't know themselves where they are bound—^poor divels, they think any where better than to face their injured country men. Thomas & Sam'l Potts are on their way to Lancaster, I suppose, for their brother David. Because of his prominence and the fact that he joined the British as soon as they arrived in Philadelphia, Potts suffered at least partial seizure of his property long before any of the other traitors of the county. A letter dated December 20, 1777, from William Antes, Sub. Lieut, and Commissioner for Loyal ist estates, to John Mitchell explains: Mr. John Potts having gone into the Enemies Army, and by that Measure and Several others, come under the TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 275

Penalty of the Law, published by the Council of Safety of this State and confirmed by the General Assembly, by which his Estate appears to be a forfeiture to the publick, and you having rented the House, Garden, Stables and Lotts belonging to the said John Potts from his Wife for One year from the 1st January next, I do hereby authorize, im- power and direct you to keep full and ample possession of the said House, Stables, Garden and Lott as aforesaid for the above Term or untill the proper authority of this State shall dispose of the same by Publick Sale—^thisldoby Virtue of the Power and Authority invested in me by the said Council of Safety and Assembly of this State. Mrs. Margaret Potts also wrote to Mitchell, saying that "ray principal motive for letting you have it is that every thing may be taken care of and not injured nor abused." Potts, of course, accompanied the British to New York. From there he wrote: "It is very evident that unless [the British] Government can disengage itself from an European war and employ a greater force and more vigor in the pro secution of this, the game is certainly up and America lost." After nearly a year of separation, Mrs. Potts petitioned Coun cil for permission to visit him in New York, with her three children, maid-servant, three featherbeds, and other furniture. This was granted on the condition she give security in the amount of £2,000 and "not return without leave of Council." She was also obliged to list the furniture with the commis sioner of forfeited estates so that there would be no subsequent argument about its ownership. Apparently she did return to Philadelphia County, because in April 1781 she was again given permission to visit her husband, who was about to em bark for England. Even as late as 1783 John's son, Samuel, had to give security for his good behavior while in Pennsyl vania. John's brother, Jonathan, the physician, eventually bought the Stowe mansion and 235-acre farm for £20,100, while Gen eral Arthur St. Clair (pronounced Sinclair), who, to Washing ton's dismay, deserted Fort Ticonderoga without firing a shot 276 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY at Burgoyne's army, but later became president of Congress before the Constitution was adopted, acquired the house at High and Hanover for £6,700 (£411 in specie). St. Clair had had his eye on this property for some time. On June 16, 1779, he wrote to Council Secretary Matlack: ... I observed some time ago that Notice was given the publick that the Estates of certain attainted Persons would soon be sold—^you will oblige me by letting me know when that of John Potts will be disposed of that I may take Measures in Time for the Purchase of his house which I intend. Some miles down the Schuylkill River in Upper Merion were Frederick Woolf, laborer, and Jacob Richardson, carpen ter. Woolfs name does not appear on the proclamations, but it does on a fragmentary list of "Persons gone with ye enemy;" while Richardson, who was duly proclaimed, forfeited his recognizance, presumably by flight to escape trial, although Sabine says he surrendered himself and was discharged. Little else is known about either man. One farm in Upper Merion accidentally became involved in confiscation litigation. Joseph Dean, son of a Presbyterian minister, was a wealthy importer in Philadelphia before the Revolution. In his zeal for the cause of independence he was a signer of the non-importation resolutions against British com merce, loaned the government $60,000 at the outbreak of the war (which he subsequently lost), served on the Committee of Safety, and helped organize the Board of War. On June 24, 1777, he signed a purchase agreement -with William Bell for the latter's tract of 136 acres in Upper Merion, and paid £400 down. Bell then moved to Newtown Township, Chester County, where he was attainted a year later, before Dean had completed payment for the property. The "catch" was that when traitors were attainted the law provided that what they owned on July 4, 1776, or at any time thereafter, was forfeited. So, to save his £400 and prevent seizure of the property, Dean had to pe tition Council. Finally, after a Supreme Court decree in 1783 it was decided that Dean might keep the farm upon pajment TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 277 of the balance, "agreeable to the schedule of depreciation from June 25, 1777," with lawful interest, to the State Treasury. At the close of the war Dean bought several other estates of traitors. Melchior Meng, a carter and baker of Germantown, owned four properties, one of them in Lower Merion. Accused in May 1778, Meng surrendered by the due date in July and was sub sequently discharged. Meanwhile, the inventory which was taken of his real estate listed 34 acres along the Schuylkill. A few years before, Menghad advertised this property as having "a conveniency for a Shad Fishery." Not only shad but also catfish, sturgeon, herring, and rock fish came upstream in great numbers before the dams were built in the following century. Following the Battle of Germantown the British used Meng's houseas a hospital because the large quantities of vine gar Meng made and stored there helped to stanch the flow of blood from wounds. Meng was also noted for his gardens and his collection of unusual trees. Most conspicuous and tragic among the county's Loyalists was John Roberts, miller, of Lower Merion. John was the grandson of a 1690 settler along Mill Creek. He married Jane Downing, of Chester County, in 1743, and built the first of his mills in 1746 at Gulph and Mill Creek Roads. The datestone bore the initials "J.R.J." (for John and Jane). During the next 30 years Roberts accumulated land, wealth, and prestige. His holdings grew to nearly 700 acres, and he controlled both banks of Mill Creek for nearly two miles; he operated grist, flour, paper, saw, and oil mills, and leased part of his creek frontage for a gunpowder mill; there was also a shad fishery on the river, and a landing from which he floated lumber and other mill products down the Schuylkill to Philadelphia. His home was a welcome stopping place for travellers, and his mill complex was both a landmark and point of reference in the township. In 1763 Roberts was appointed trustee to arrange the pur chase of land for the Merion Friends Meeting; in 1773 he was a commissioner for improving Schuylkill navigation; in 1774, 278 bulletin of historical society of Montgomery county

when word of the closing of the Port of Boston reached Phila delphia, John Roberts was named to the Committee of Corre spondence which met in Carpenters Hall on July 15th to recom mend that the Assembly appoint delegates to a proposed Con gress. He also served on the later Committee of Correspondence and Inspection (with Isaac Knight of Abington), and was a delegate to a convention for the suppression of the slave trade. Between his many business and social activities he liked to fish for trout in the little creek which ran into Mill Creek between two of his mills, and he molded his own bullets for hunting in the woods on his many tracts of land.

Although many of the details of Roberts' activities for the British are lost, two of the charges against him were never denied. He joined the British when they occupied Philadelphia late in September 1777, and in December acted as a guide on one of their forays into Lower Merion. Two reasons were given for his "going over to the enemy." First, he was incensed by the arrest and detention of some of his friends (the Virginia Exiles) by the Americans and hoped that the British could re lease them; and, second, he feared that some of his more revo lutionary-minded neighbors were going to kill him for his Loy alist and Quakerly views. This fear was not exaggerated, as many other Tories discovered when set upon by club-wielding mobs. His other misdeed is summed up dispassionately by Reed in Campaign to Valley Forge:

[As the British approached the Black Horse Tavern, at the present City Line Avenue and the Lancaster Road] Potter's militia fired a volley and a smart skirmish ensued. In a short while the Americans, outflanked, overpowered, and having lost a half dozen men killed and wounded, fell back in confusion along Old Lancaster Road that now con nects the scene of the encounter with the present Mont gomery Avenue. The British followed on the militia's heels as far as Merion Meeting where the Americans, being sup ported, stood another hard skirmish, then fell back again, along the Gulph Road into the Mill Creek Valley. TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 279

Cornwallis continued his pursuit, guided by a local in habitant, John Roberts. Before quitting Philadelphia Corn wallis had commandeered Roberts, learning that he was familiar with the district of the proposed operation ... On May 8, 1778, Roberts was accused and given until the 25th of June to surrender. He left Philadelphia accordingly, and on the 19th of June went before Justice of the Peace Zebu- lon Potts and posted bail for his court appearance. At the same time he took the affirmation of allegiance to the Common wealth of Pennsylvania, and Potts did "command all Sheriffs, Constables, &c., not to detain nor keep in Custodythe said John Roberts, on any Account, Cause, Action or thing, relative to the above mentioned proscription." The pressures of public outrage, however, were snowballing to such an extent a war rant was issued on July 27th for his arrest for high treason by another Justice of the Peace, James Young, based on the oath of Michael Smith and Mary, his wife. Roberts and a miller named Fishburn were even accused of grinding glass into "mur derous particles sharper than steel" and mixing it with white flour for Washington's troops at Valley Forge, a deed, his accusers said, that was providentially discovered. At his trial before Chief Justice McKean and Justice John Evans it was argued that Roberts, "not having the fear of God before his Eyes, but being moved & seduced by the instigation of the Devil... did falsly & traitorously, & in Warlike & hostile manner, array & dispose himself against this Common wealth ..." His defense was almost entirely one of self-de fense: first from his threatening neighbors, then from the wrath of the British if he did not guide them. His conviction was inevitable. Part of McKean's sentence was quoted in the Pennsylvania Packet of November 7, 1778: It is in vain to plead you have not personally acted in this wicked business, for all who countenance and assist are partakers in the guilt. Your junction gave encouragement to the invaders of your country. Your example occasioned the defection of others, and you exerted yourself in forward- 280 bulletin op historical society of MONTGOMERY COUNTY

ing: their arbitrary designs. It is in vain to plead that you fled to the enemy for protection against some of your neigh bors who threatened your life, because they thought you a Tory, for you might have applied for and obtained protec tion from the civil magistrate or from the army of your country. It is true, and I mention it with pleasure, that your interest with the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army was fre quently employed in acts of humanity, charity, and benevo lence. Ten of the jurors, it was said, favored acquittal, but since enormous pressure was being applied by the State to obtain a conviction, they agreed, with the full expectation that his life would be spared. Probably never before nor since in the history of criminal trials have both judges and juries made such a forceful but vain appeal for a man's life as they did for John Roberts. The Grand Jurors pleaded "that Pennsylvania, if she err in the punishment of offenders may ever err on the side of Mercy;" the regular jury stated "that altho by the oath we have taken, we found ourselves obliged to pronounce him Guilty, yet knowing that Juries are but fallible Men, and reflecting that the evidence before us was of a very complicated nature, and some parts of it not reeoncileable with his general conduct, and other evidence of his good offices to many persons who were prisoners among the enemy... we most earnestly pray... that the penal part of the said John Roberta's sentence may be suspended..." Justices McKean and Evans also recommended postponement of the execution. Then followed a veritable ava lanche of petitions, signed by more than 1,000 of the most in fluential citizens of the state. Whig as well as Tory, poor as well as rich. One hundred and forty-five names were attached to 12 petitions certifying "That on the 11th day of December 1777, when the Enemies of America, commanded by Lord Corn- wallis, with an armed force, came a plundering amongst us, the said John Roberts did use his utmost endeavours to save us from that Repacious hand. And when any of us were taken Prisoners he likewise used his utmost entreaty to have us lib- TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 281 erated, and to procure us satisfaction as far as in his power for such of our property as was taken from us by the Enemy." Roberts and Abraham Carlisle, a Philadelphia carpenter, were sentenced to be hanged together on November 4th. Jane Downing Roberts and nine of her ten children flung them selves on their knees before Congress, beggingfor mercy. The coldness of Council's response to the various entreaties can be felt across nearly two centuries in their Minutes of November 3d: The Council resumed the consideration of the cases of John Roberts and Abraham Carlisle; And after solemn con sideration, and the Questions being put, shall a Reprieve begrantedto John Roberts and Abraham Carlisle, or either of them? The same was carried in the Negative. The two men were taken out to Bush Hill, the former estate of Andrew Hamilton which extendedfrom 12th to 19th Streets, between Vine and Vinyard Lane (now Fairmount Avenue), which, during the Revolution, had deterioriated into an open common and hangman's ground. There, according to a letter written by Isaac Ogden, a witness (as quoted by Sabine), Rob erts "told his audience that his conscience acquitted him of guilt; that he suffered for doing his duty to his Sovereign [George III] ; that his blood would one day be demanded at their hands; and then turning to his children, charged and exhorted them to remember his principles for which he died, and to adhere to them while they had breath... after which he suffered with the resolution of a Roman." He was buried at Merion Meeting. Legends have grownlikeweeds in the Roberts' garden. One of them placed the hanging in his own apple or chard, and another investedhis gray stone housewith his ghost. For years the home which had always been open to travellers became the "haunted house" of Lower Merion. In an unpremeditated poetic couplet, General James Potter, in a letter to Council, wrote in 1777: "The Torreys I am told Loock as Cain did of old, and the Whigs Begin to Rejoice." His observation was premature, but it came to pass when Rob erts fell under the inflamed passions of the mob which, having 2g2 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY been oppressed by the British, thirsted for blood, the bluer the better. Only six months after Roberts and Carlisle died the Council issued a reprieve for George Harding, another con victed traitor, stating that "his death (being a man of small note or consideration) would afford little benefit by the exam ple." It is easy today to agree that Roberts' hanging was un justified, yet in the context of the. times it is remarkable how few traitors paid for their deeds with their lives, especially when it is remembered that even burglars, highway robbers, and passers of counterfeit money were hanged almost without exception in the 18th Century. Although Roberts' properties were sold in 1780 for more than £271,600 (of which one-fourth was reserved for the Uni versity) , the Supreme Court must have had considerable mis givings because they issued several decrees permitting the widow and children to retain many specific household articles, use of the mills, some of the land, and an annual pension. One son, Nathan, did not benefit. He was attainted in Bristol Town ship, now part of Philadelphia, and served the British in the Barrackmaster-General's Department. Like so many others, he later settled in New Brunswick. A few of the more moderate Whigs recognized the absurdity of persecuting the Tories after the war was over. They argued that these misguided people had lost all political influence any way. It would be better to allow them to stay in the United States than to drive them off to found an unfriendly colony to the north. But those who argued thus, no matter how conspicu ous their own service had been in the American cause, ran the risk, almost literally, of being tarred with the same stick. The British government undertook a huge task in evacuat ing the Tories, giving them land and indemnifying them for their losses in the States. Even if the promised 200 acres of farmland for the head of each family did not always material ize, by 1790 Parliament had paid out about $16,000,000 to 4,000 refugees, including some of our traitors, while others received grants of crown-lands, half pay as military officers, special annuities, or civil service appointments. It seems ironic TKA1T0R8 BY CHOICE OB CHANCE 288 that our ancestors, who had so much more to be grateful for, did far less during and after the war for our ragged liberators than the enemy did for the traitors in our midst.

SOUECES Most of the material for this article was drawn from an almost page-by-page examination of the Colonial Records, Vols. XI, XII, and XIII, and from thePennsylvania Archives, First Series, IV, V, VI, VII; Second Series, I; Third Series, XIV; Fourth Series, III; and Sixth Series, XII and XIII. Lesser sources follow: Barker, C. R., "The 'Old Dutch Church' in Lower Merion," BuU., Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., IX, 4 (1965), 300-2. "Old Millsof Mill Greek,"Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., 50 (1926), 3 ff. Bean, Maj. W. H., "The Attack on Andrew Knox,' 'Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., VI (1920), 246-8. Bill, A. H., Valley Forge, (N.Y., Harper, 1952). "Black List," A List of Those Tories who took pa/rt with Great Britain, In the Revolutionary War, and were Attainted of High Treason, eom- monly called the Black List (Phila., printed for the Proprietor, 1802). Boatner, M. M., Encyclopedia of the American Revolution (N.Y., David McKay, 1966). Buck, W. J., "A British Capture," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., I (1895), 328-32. "The History of Mooreland from Its First Purchase and Settle ment to the Present Time," BulL Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., VI, I (1947), 53-63. Conrad, H. C., Thomas Kunders and His Children, (Wilmington, Press of W. Costa, 1891). Detwiler, Hon. J., "Fourth and Fifth Battalions, Pennsylvania Militia, 1777-1780," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., I (1895), 336-46. Fisher, S. R., "The Journal of Samuel Rowland Fisher," Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., 41 (1917). Fiske, J., The American Revolution, (Boston, Houghton, Mifilin, 1893), II, 58-9. Francis, Rev. J. G., "Providence's Part in Provisioning the Camp and Valley Forge," Bull. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., I, 6 (1939), 263-4. 284 bulletin of historical society of Montgomery county

Harvey, Margaret B., "Something about Lower Merlon," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., I (1895), 159-61. Heydinger, E. J., "The SchuyUcill, Lifeline to Valley Forge," Bull. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., IX, 3 (1954), 162-4. Hooker, E. W., GermanUnon: 1683-198S (Phila., priv. printed, 19SS), 121, , "Old Time Advertisements," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., V (1915), 238-42. Johnston, J. C., "The Tyson Lime Kilns," Bull. Old York Bd. Hist. Soc., Ill (1939), 48. Enapp, C. B., "Monfeomery Square and its Traditions," BuU. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., I, I (1936), 11. Labaree, L. W., Conservatism in Early American History (Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell Univ. Press, 1948), 164. Lippincott, H. M., "Gulielma Maria Penn's Manor of Springfield," Bull. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., V, 4 (1947), 252. Mann, C. S., "Graeme Park," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., VII (1925), 234-6. Montross, L., Bag, Tag and Bobtail (N.Y., Harper, 1952), 95-6, 281. Morison, S. E., The Oxford History of the American People (N.Y., Ox ford Univ. Press, 1965), 286. Parry, E. €., Jr., "Treason in Abington," BuU. Old York Bd. Hist. Soc., XXVni (1967), 10-25. Reed, J. F., Campaign to Valley Forge (Phila., Univ. of Pa. Press, 1965) 114, 385. , "The Papers of Henry Juncken, Tory, and His Wife, of Spring field Township," Bull. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., XIV, 4 (1965), 315-30. Reed, Dr. W. H., "The Thompson Family and the Jeffersonville Inn," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., I (1895), 360. Register, I. L., "Historical Remarks," Hist. Sketches Montg.Co., V (1915), 162-3.

Sabine, L., Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Bevolution (Boston, Little, Brown, 1864), in 2 vols.

Scharf, J. T., and Westcott, T., History of Philadelphia, 1609-188It (Phila., L. H. Everts, 1884), in 3 vols. TRAITORS BY CHOICE OR CHANCE 285

Siebert, W. H., "The Loyalists of Pennsylvania," Ohio State Univ. Bul letin, XXIV, 23 (1920), 101 if. Smith, C. H., "Colonial Land Tenure in Hatboro and Vicinity," BulL Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., Ill, 4 (1943), 279 ff. j "General Lacey's Campaign in 1778," BulL Hist. Soe. Montg. Co., II, 4 (1941), 273-6. , "Horsham Men in the Revolution," Bull. Hist. Soc. Montg. Co., I, 5 (1938), 225 ff. -, "Sidelights on the History of Graeme Park," BuU. Hist. Soe. Montg. Co., IV, 4 (1946), 267 ff. Walker, L. B., "Life of Margaret Shippen, Wife of Benedict Arnold," Pa. Mag. Hist. & Biog., 26 (1901), 21 ff. Watson, J. P., Annals of Philadelphia (Rev. ed., Phila., Leary, Stuart, 1909), in 3 vols. Wright, Esther C., The Loyalists of New Brunswick (Predericton, N. B., priv. printed, 1965). Yeakle, W. H., "Whitemarsh," Hist. Sketches Montg. Co., I (1895), 47. Young, J. R., Ed., Memorial History of the Citv of Philadelphia (N.Y., N.Y. Hist. Co., 1895), vol. 1. A PALATINE BOOR A Short Comprehensive History of the Life of Christopher Sauer I By Hkibert Harley "Christopher Sauer, clockmaker, (was a) noted printer and publisher of Germantown, whose labors and efforts for the diffusion of knowledge among his countrymen form a bright chapter in the history of Pennsylvania Germans..the his torian, Edward Mathews, wrote. Benjamin Franklin had some thing less complimentary to say about the Pennsylvania Ger mans, among whom was included Christopher Sauer. "Why should the Palatine boors," Franklin queried, "be suffered to swarm into our settlements and by herding together establish their language and manners to the exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a colony of aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us, instead of our Anglifymg them?" WilliamPenn had even given the Germans power to make laws by which to govern them selves. These laws were written in German, and the courts conducted in German, though the English legal system was used, and appeals could be made to provincial courts. Neverthe less, early in life Franklin, ever the astute business man, did not h^itate to publish a German language newspaper intended for sale to the "Palatine boors," as he had disparagingly called them. This paper, by which Franklin proposed to "Anglify" the Germans, was founded as early as June 11, 1732, but was not a success. Despite Franklin's early antipathy to the Germans in gen eral, he and Christopher Sauer had many striking similarities. Both men were printers and publishers whose productions were widely read. Both searched, sometimes to distant places, for durable paper, or rags with which to make that paper, in order to give better physical quality to their publications.

286 A PALATINE BOOR 287

Neither was a native Pennsylvanian, but had arrived in Phila delphia from a distant place. Both made eyeglasses. Both made fireplace stoves, either inventing them, as did Franklin, or im proving those used in their time. Both were prolifically indus trious, though even the amazing Dr. Franklin, great as he was in numerous fields of endeavor, would have discovered it diffi cult to equal Sauer's record of self-taught mastery of 26 trades. Both were staunch supporters and defenders of various public causes. Both printed almanacs. Both printed newspapers. Neither had inhibitions about condemning folly and injustice, and employing their publications as media for condemnation, though Franklin could temper his sharp jabs with wise and witty humor. Conversely, Franklin and Sauer had their differences in personality. To begin with. Franklin was English, Sauer, Ger man. Nevertheless Franklin was more self-contained and less easily disturbed; Sauer was often explosive and critical. Frank lin's private life, history intimates, was sometimes rather loose (Franklin enjoyed great popularity with the ladies, especially in the French Court during the American Revolution); Sauer appeared rather inert to such sexual desires. Franklin was diplomatic; Sauer overflowing with German bluntness. One writer went so far as to say that Franklin "was a quack, a hypocrit, and an infidel," and sneeringly called him "Old Light ning Rod." This condemnation of Franklin, however, undoubt edly falls in the same categoryas Franklin's own condemnation of the Pennsylvania Germans—to be taken with the same pro verbial "grain of salt." While time has perhaps diminished public knowledge of the tremendous output of the Sauer press, none can deny that Sauer was an important and unforgettable contemporary of Franklin. Although Sauer was a member of the German Bap tist Brethren Church, now known as the Church of the Breth ren, which since its founding has advocated peace and non violence, sharp words nevertheless occasionally found their way into his publications, though on most occasions he was able to keep his personal feelings under control as far as the public 288 bulletin of historical society of Montgomery county was concerned. He was ever a person to speak out for what he thought was right, and to denounce through his publications all unscrupulous or questionable dealings in the business, po litical and even religious worlds. Many articles and short sketches concerning the life of Christopher Sauer I (to distinguish him from his son, Chris topher II) have been published. No comprehensive history of his full and vigorous life, however, is known to have been written. The present article is an attempt to rectify, in a small way, this deficiency. Sometimes it takes a man numerous years to discover the work for which he is best suited —work that is not reallywork, but rather a task of love. When this discovery has been made, then neither days, years nor a lifetime seem long enough to ac complish what a man sets out to do. Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is the man who has found his work. Let him ask for no other blessedness." Christopher Sauer's labor of love was printing and publishing. Johann Christopher Sauer, whose first name, which he sel dom used, was that of his father, was born in Ladenburg, Ger many, in 1695, and was baptized on February 2 of the same year. He was the son of the Reverend Johann Christian Sauer, previously a widower, whose first wife, Anna Elizabeth, had died July 30, 1684 at the age of 29 years and 7 months. The Reverend Sauer was bom in 1642 in Rotenburg, on the Fulda River, in Hesse. His second wife was Ann Christine Meckel, widow of Johann Georg Meckel. Sauer and the Widow Meckel were married February 24, 1685. She had been born April 22, 1650, the daughter of Johann Wendelin, a Burgermeister, and his wife Anna Maria (Zahn). The Reverend Sauer's second wife became the mother of Christopher Sauer I, and died in Ladenburg December 21, 1704 aged 52 years and 31/2 months. The Reverend Sauer died in Feudenheim, August 17, 1701. A later Sauer descendant in Philadelphia once recalled that Christopher Sauer I had a brother who lived in Lohne, Ger many. Many of the Sauers of their generation are recorded as A PAIATINB BOOR 289 having been killed as a result of religious persecution and war, leaving onlythe two brothers to carry onthe name and family. In his youth Christopher Sauer attended the Reformed Church, but later became interested in a religious group who called themselves The Inspired, or Separatists. He studied med icine at Halle and Marburg Universities. At the same time he learned and began following the trades of tailor and herbalist. His income from these latter occupations enabled him to con tinue his medical studies. As previously noted, during his life time he taught himself or was taught 26 trades in all. Whether his first trade as tailor was self-taught or not is unknown. In 1713 Sauer was living in Schwarzenau, to which place a famous preacher named Hbcker came. Hbcker's first name is thought to have been Heinrich. He was a good friend of Ernest Christopher Hochman von Hochenau, a religious stu dent and preacher, who lived in Krefeld. Hoeker was married outside the Brethren faith to a girl named Maria Christina Gruber. About 1718 a controversy over this marriage and the question of all marriages outside the church arose, which much affected Hocker's health. The Reverend Peter Becker, who would become the founder of the Brethren Church in America, sided with Hocker and attempted to comfort him. Because of the unsettled times in Germany, Hocker was forced to sell his residence, which is described as having been palatial. This misfortune, coupled with the religious arguments against his marriage, caused Hocker'shealth to worsen, sothathe died. His widow, Maria Christina Gruber Hocker, was left with three small children, two boys and a girl. Soon thereafter Chris topher Sauer married the Widow Hocker, and they moved to Laasphe in 1721, where, on September 25, 1721, Christopher Sauer II was born. Maria Christina Gruber Hocker Sauer was a daughter of the Reverend Eberhard Ludwig Gruber. Her brother was Jo- hann Adam Gruber, who presently would sail to America with the Sauer family. Johann Adam Gruber, like Sauer, was a member of The Inspired. Other members were Blasius Daniel Mackinet, Johann Karl Gleim, Christopher Wiegner, a man 290 bulletin of raSTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY named Schirwagen, possibly Georg Bensel, and a few more. They all would soon go to America and settle in or near Ger- mantown, Pennsylvania. Having finally determined on this move, the group, includ ing the Sauers, after a trip down the Rhine River which, be cause of numerous toll stops, lasted approximately six weeks, arrived at Rotterdam, Holland. There they boarded a ship whose destination was the English Colonies in America. The ship is recorded as having put in at Dover, England, though two accounts differ on this point. Nicholas Wolff, one of the group with Sauer, said they left Amsterdam August 3, 1724, and left Deal, England, September 6 of the same year. Another account states that Sauer went to America via Bristol, England. Possibly the ship made all three stops at English ports. At Dover, Christopher Sauer is recorded as having bought his wife a sugar bowl made of slate, which she brought to America. Nicholas Wolff stated that the vessel that bore them ar rived at Philadelphia October 29, 1724, and mentioned that Sauer had been very sick on the voyage. Johann Georg Kase- bier, another of Sauer's companions, wrote to Count Casimir in Germany on November 7 that Sauer had been very ill for more than a week on board ship, though Sauer himself did not mention this fact in two letters he sent back to Germany shortly after his arrival. Kasebier also wrote dramatically concerning a near shipwreck either off the American coast or after the ship entered Delaware Bay, an event which Sauer dismissed lightly in his letters, merely mentioning that "he, Maria Chris tina and the children were on deck by the fire baking cakes, during the greatest storm." Kasebier had little chance to learn much concerning his new homeland, since he died on Decem ber 19, 1724, within two months of his arrival in America. Apparently he had suffered more than Sauer as a result of the hazardous trip to Philadelphia, which Nicholas Wolff noted as being a beautiful town of some 2,000 houses with streets laid out at right angles. Christopher Sauer, too, noted the fine ness of the city, its busy occupants and their productivity, and the lushness of America. He could not speak or write enthusi- A PALATINE BOOR 291 astically enough of the abundance of everything he saw. He was amazed atthe soil, at the quality and quantity of the fruits and vegetables, and at the complete civil and religious freedom that flourished in Pennsylvania. The Sauer family soon settled in Germantown, where Sauer began to make a profitable living as a manufacturer of button molds. About 1725 Sauer's wife, Maria Christina, received word that her unmarried sister, who was coming to join Maria Christina in Pennsylvania, had died on shipboard and had been buried at sea. This shock greatly affected Mrs. Sauer, who reportedly exclaimed, "I cannot stay near this seaport city of Philadelphia. I feel I must get as far away from the sea and the ships as I can. It is a cruel, monstrous and heathenish thing to have one's sister cast overboard as so much refuse." Nor could she forget the scene she had witnessed in Holland in 1717 when seventy-two towns and villages had been submerged by flooding seas. As a result of the effect incurred by the tragic death of his wife's sister, Sauer, in 1725, moved west with his family into a region still roamed by Indians. The further the family re moved from Philadelphia, the more contented Maria Christina seemed to become. The Sauers settled in what was then a part of old Lancaster County, where Christopher bought a 50 acre farm from Simon Konig which was located on Mill (or Miihl- bach) Creek in Leacock Township, in what is now Lebanon County. For his living, Sauer turned to farming, though at the same time continuing his old trade of pharmacist, dispens ing medicines to the sick. He continued these occupations for six years. Meanwhile, having come under the influence of (Johann) Conrad Beissel, Superintendent of the Seventh Day Baptist Brethren at Ephrata, Sauer was baptized in that faith by Beissel on Whitsuntide Sunday, June 9, 1728. A so-called Love Feast among the communicants was held in recognition of Sauer's conversion. Later, Maria Christina Sauer, together with Maria Hanselman, was also baptized by Beissel. Maria Christina, assuming the name of Sister Marcella, and Maria Hanselman soon entered the Sister House, where Maria Chris- 292 bulletin of historical society of Montgomery county tina remained fourteen years and became prioress. A century later John Greenleaf Whittier would dedicate a thirteen-verse poem to Maria Christina. The first and last verses are as follows: "Wake, Sisters, wake! The day star shines Above Ephrata's eastern pines. The davm is breaking, cool and calm. Wake, Sisters, wake to prayer and psalm.

He cometh soon! At dawn or noon, Or set of sun. He cometh soon. Our prayers shall meet Him on His way; Wake, Sisters, wake! Arise and pray!"

Christopher Sauer, literally deserted by his wife, sold his farm and returned to Germantown in 1731, taking with him his ten year old son, Christopher II, and the three Hocker children of his wife's first marriage. On Sauer's arrival with the four children in Germantown his friend, Dr. Christopher Witt, a clockmaker who had been born in England, and who had made a clock for Beissel's Ephrata Society, offered to share his home with Sauer and the children until Sauer could build his own home. Gratefully Sauer accepted the offer, availing himself of this opportunity of learning the clock-making trade, of which Sauer had had some knowledge before leaving Ger many, by assisting Witt in the latter's business. In those days it was "tedious and expensive to bring clocks from the old country," and cheaper clocks were in demand. "From contem porary letters and documents, 1784-1750, it appears that Sauer's ambition in that early time was to be known as a clock- maker, and that he was known as such for a decade." The sign outside Sauer's shop, after he built his home, would read "Chris topher Sauer, Clockmaker, etc." The etcetera would include the trades of optician, apothecary and cabinet maker. The Library Company of Philadelphia, founded by Benjamin Franklin, owns a grandfather clock made by Sauer in 1735. Meanwhile, shortly after arriving in Germantown, Sauer began building a A PALATINE BOOB 203 rather pretentious house, measuring 60 by 60 feet, on a six acre plot of ground. Here he planned to continue raising his son and the three Hocker children. In 1733, however, Helnrich Hocker, the eldest of Sauer's step-children, now aged 17, having moved from the Sauer home, lived in a half a house in Germantown with Alexander Mack. Mack's brother, Valentine, lived with his wife in the other half of the house. On March 27,1738, young Hbcker, now 22, Alex ander Mack and John Reisman, stirred by the religious fervor of the time, moved to Ephrata and became members of Beissel's Seventh Day Society. Only once, in 1745, would Hocker leave the Community, accompanied by the Eckerlin brothers, to be come briefly a trapper and hunter. Apparently this life did not suit him, since he returned to Ephrata in the same year to spend his remaining days at The Cloisters. His record in the Society notes that he came from a preacher family. In 1738 Ludwig Hocker, Heinrich's younger brother, hav ing likewise moved from the Sauer household, was to be found living with Stephen Koch, an early Brethren member, in a cabin beside the Wissahickon Creek. In 1739 he also went to Ephrata and joined the Society, and since matrimony was not prohibited, he there married Margaretta, oneof the sisterhood, and lived with his wife in the building reserved for married couples. Ludwig and Margaretta parented a daughter, Maria (presumably named for her paternal grandmother, Maria Christina Sauer), who, when grown, would also join the Soci ety. Although a continued communicant of BeisseTs Society, Ludwig Hocker, unlil:e his brother, apparently did not reside permanently at the Ephrata Cloisters, since he is recorded as teaching school at his step-father's house in Germantown. Very little is known of the third Hocker child, Anna Elizabeth, ex cept that she too eventually joined the Ephrata Society where the records simply note that "Annalis Hocker died at the Cloister in 1785." Some time prior to 1738 Christopher Sauer, besides his numerous other occupations, determined to become a printer and publisher, an occupation that would make him famous. He 294 bulletin of histohical society of Montgomery county constructed his own printing press, probably patterned after the press that the Ephrata Brethren had received from Ger many, and cast his own type. The first product of Sauer's press was a broadside titled "An Earnest Admonition to Young and Old" issued in 1738, though Felix Reichmann, in his life of Christopher Sauer, Sr., lists "Ein ABC und Buchstabler Buch, etc." as the first printing from the Sauer press. In the same year the press also issued a German language almanac, and in 1739 Sauer began a newspaper which he continued to issue with great success. Sauer's greatest printing triumph, however, would be his great German Bible, dated 1743, the first Bible in a European language printed in America. It was published 39 years before Robert Aitkin of Philadelphia would issue the first Bible in English. British Colonial law had prohibited ear lier English printings, a law canceled by the American Revolu tion. Between 1738 and 1758 more than 200 printed works were issued by the Sauer press. Concerning leadership among the Pennsylvania Germans in Sauer's time the historian Barr Ferree wrote, "Schlatter [Michael] was the leader of the Reformed" Church people. "Muhlenberg [Henry Melchior] was the leader of the Luth erans in Pennsylvania and the colonies. These two men with Sauer, of Germanto-wn, with his newspaper, were the three leaders of opinion among the Germans in Colonial Pennsyl vania. Sauer through his press became the great German leader in Pennsylvania. He was a fearless exponent and critic of wrongs.and abuses for all the colonies, and the founder of one of the oldest publishing houses in America." Sauer, having witnessed the frequent eruptions of war in Europe, and as a member of a church with peaceable inclina tions, was, like the Quakers, unalterably opposed to the periodi cal conflicts between Britain and France for the mastery of North America. During the French and Indian War "When General (John) Forbes was in town, something like martial law was the rule. Christopher Sauer, the Germantown printer and publisher of the German Newspaper, was summoned before the General merely for having printed a paragraph stating A PALATINE BOOR 295 that Tedyuscung and the Delaware Indians, who had arrived in the city, were still attached to the interest of the English," thereby implying that none of the other Indians were, and that the Delawares' allegiance was perhaps shaky. "Sauer was mis trusted as a friend of the Quakers," who refused to support the war, "and the paragraph" concerning the Delawares "was looked upon as a slur on the government. Sauer maintained the innocence of his intentions, offered to make any correction required of him, and was dismissed with a caution." Among his many charitable works Sauer organized the Lazaretto in Germantown to care for sick immigrants, often loaning his large house for this purpose. The following tradi tion is related in the Life of Dr. George de Benneville. "One night Christopher Sauer, a printer of Germantown, dreamed that a vessel had arrived in Philadelphia having on board a person who was very ill, and in his dream he was told to bring the man to his house. He awoke, fell asleep again, whereupon the dream was repeated. He drove to the city, 6 miles distant, and made inquiry at the wharf. The captain of the vessel in formed him that he had a very sick man on board, whom Mr. Sauer at once removed to his carriage and took to his home, where" the sick man "was restored to health." This man was George de Benneville. Sauer having continued to operate his drugstore as well as engage in his printing activities, and de Benneville being skilled in medicine, the latter during his con valescence assisted Sauer in preparing prescriptions. Not long after de Benneville's recovery Jean Bertolet, of Oley, Pa., paid a visit to his friend Sauer, met de Benneville, and persuaded de Benneville to accompany him back to the frontier, where physicians were in great need. De Benneville, having settled in the then frontier of the Colony, not only administered to the sick but also preached his doctrine of uni versal redemption, and became noted in both endeavors. In 1745, at the age of 42, he married Esther, Jean Bertolet's 25 year old daughter. Also in 1745 de Benneville was able to repay his benefac tor, Christopher Sauer, in a more concrete way than hereto- 296 bulletin of historical society op Montgomery county fore. For years Sauer's son, Christopher 11, had pleaded with his mother, Maria Christina Sauer, to return home from Bph- rata. De Benneville took it upon himself to add his persuasions to those of her son. At last de Benneville succeeded, and accom panied her home to Germantown, where they arrived on June 20, 1745, thereby concluding Maria Christina's separation of 14 years from her husband. Sauer, despite incurring occasional enmities because of his outspoken criticism in his publications, lived contentedly busy until his death on September 25,1758. The exact site of Chris topher Sauer I's last resting place is unknown, and the general area known to but few persons. Townshend Ward in his book, Germantown Road, stated that Sauer lies buried in the back comer of the garden at Sauer's home on Germantown Avenue, Germantown, but there is no marker to show the exact spot. The grave-mound was once pointed out to Abraham Harley Cassel, but as the property changed hands the mound was lev eled off and all trace lost. Reportedly, the following burials took place at this spot: 1. Maria Christina Gruber Hocker Sauer, wife of Christo pher Sauer I, died December 14, 1752. 2. Maria Christina Sauer, daughter of Christopher Sauer II and Catherine Sharpnack Sauer, born October 12, 1752, died August 13, 1753. 3. Johann Christopher Sauer I, born in Ladenburg, Ger many in 1695, died September 25, 1758. 4. Catherine Sharpnack Sauer, wife of Christopher Sauer II, died January 8,1777. Not long ago an attempt was made to locate the site of these burials in the garden of the former Sauer home. The task was fruitless, however, since all trace of the location had long been obliterated. A local newspaper, learning of the search, advised the searchers that the use of a metal detector might prove effective; but after a consultation the archeologists de cided that after 200 years, and since the Sauers were un doubtedly buried in the usual plain pine coffin, there would A PAIiATJNE BOOR 297 be nothing metallic to attract the needle of the detector. The consultants recommended that the attempt would be useless. "Christopher Sauer," therefore, "after a long life and a well- earned rest," continues to sleep in an unmarked grave 'Tjeside the creeper-covered garden wall"—Christopher Sauer, the man of many talents. He had been clockmaker, oculist,cabinetmaker, botanist and herbalist, turner, glazier, cast-iron stovemaker, horseshoer, veterinarian, printer, lampblackmaker, paper- maker, wire and lead drawer, bookbinder, tanner, matrix forger, toolmaker, mathematical instrument maker, tinplate worker, newspaper editor, agent for imported Bibles, distiller, surgeon, farmer, apothecary and tailor—surely more than enough occupations for a single life-time.

BIBLIOGEAPHY The Gentlemen's Magazine for November 1755, pub. by the Pennsylvania FoUdore Society, Vol. 3. Manners of the German Inhabitants of Pennsylvania, by Benjamin Rush, The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania, by Julius P. Sachse. History of the German Baptist Brethren, by M. G. Brumbaugh. The German-American Book Printing, by Priedrich Kapp. Christopher Sauer, the Germantown Printer, by Gustav Mori. History of Old Germantown, by Naaman H. Keyser. Peter Porcupine, pen name of William Cobbett. History of Philadelphia, by Sharp & Westcott. Literary Activities of the Brethren, by J. S. Plory. Christopher Sower, Sr., by Pelix Reichmann. Germantown Road, by Townshend Ward, pub. in the Pennsylvania Maga zine of History and Biography (Hist. Soc. Pa.) Article by D. P. Dumbaugh, pub. in Penna. Mag. of Hist. & Biography. European Origins of the Brethren, by D. P. Durnbaugh. The Grave of Christopher Sauer, from a History of Germantown, by the Site and Relic Society. Philadelphia Experience Magazine. BENJAMIN EASTBURN by John F. Reed At the southeast corner of Valley Forge Road and Tabak Avenue in Upper Merion Township, just outside the Bridge port Borough line, stands a house of ancient vintage. Much of its ancient appearance, however, has given way to modern improvement. The roof is now slate in place of the original wood shingles, the stone walls are plastered over, and other changes are evident. The house, which once stood in lonely dignity on the southeast slope of Eastburn Hill, is now crowded by other much later dwellings. Few passers-by recognize the building as of Colonial construction. The house is correctly known as the Benjamin Eastburn house, though this name has long been confused with that of the better known Benjamin Eastburn, Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania under the Penn proprietaries from 1733 to 1741. The Benjamin Eastburn who once dwelt in this house was a nephew and namesake of the Surveyor-General, and as such warrants no historical note. Nevertheless the elder Benjamin once owned the land whereon the house is situated in con junction with his brother, John, the father of the younger Ben jamin. This ownership, therefore, associates the elder Benja min Eastburn vdth Upper Merion Township and Montgomery County. There were other associations too, as will be related as Surveyor-General Eastburn's story is unfolded in the following pages. The future Surveyor-General was born in England, July 15, 1695, the eldest son of Robert and Sarah (Preston) Eaist- burn. Although the male Eastburns were probably of English- Welsh descent, their name, which means "east brook," would indicate the presence of Scotch blood also. The Eastburns belonged to the Society of Friends, a religion nearly anathema at that time in Anglican England. As with many of their fellow Quakers, therefore, William Penn's new colony in the New

298 BENJAMIN EASTBUBN 299

World offered the Eastburns surcease from persecution. In 1713, when young Benjamin Eastburn was 18, the family, con sisting of the two parents, at least three sons, Benjamin, Sam uel and John, and an unknown number of daughters, includ ing the youngest, Elizabeth, crossed the ocean to Philadelphia and settled in that incipient city. Benjamin's early years were scarcely distinguished enough to warrant contemporary recording; though it is certain that he received an education, especially in mathematics, adequate to fit him for the profession of surveyor to which he devoted his secular life. In this line of endeavor he would become rea sonably well noted in Colonial Pennsylvania; and his associa tion with the famous "Walking Purchase" of the Penns, and his survey of the initial Pennsylvania-Maryland boundary twenty-six years before Mason and Dixon finally settled the boundary quarrel between the Penns and the Lords Baltimore, would gain him a lasting place in the history of his adopted Colony.^ By 1722 Benjamin Eastburn was well enough settled in life to be able to take as his wife Ann Thomas. The ceremony was performed at Abington Meeting in Abington Township, old Philadelphia (now Montgomery) County. In the following year, 1723, Eastburn, being much of a religious mind, pub lished his only known literary effort, which he titled Doctrine of Absolutes ... refuted (the lengthy title is here abbreviated). This tract, published by the Philadelphia printer Samuel Keim- er, was an attempt to refute, as the title indicates, the Presby terian doctrine of absolute reprobation; but the sale of the volume even among Eastburn's co-religionists proved disap pointing, and Eastburn was urged by this disappointment to stick to his professional field of endeavor, surveying.^ In 1725 Eastburn and his wife transferred their residence to Radnor, and attended Radnor Meeting in that part of old Chester County that is now Delaware County. In 1726 the elder Isaac Norris, for whom Norristown is named, sold East- burn several hundred acres in Norriton Township, Philadel phia County.® This tract of land included Barbadoes Island 300 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY in the Schuylkill River at the present Norristown. The land was part of the old Williamstadt Manor which William Penn had earlier given to his son, William, Jr., and which the younger Penn had immediately sold to Norris. Eastburn prob ably bought his part of the tract on speculation, since he is not known to have lived on it, and was not possessed of it at his death. Apparently he sold the land in the intervening years. Commencing in 1730 and continuing through succeeding years Eastburn surveyed Norris's remaining lands in Norri- ton. The earliest plan he drew of the area shows one dwelling, a barn, a smithy, a cooper shop and a spring house standing along the Manatawny, or Ridge Road on the site of the present Norristown. His second draught of this map added "the Schuyl kill Mills at Norriton" which stood on the bank of the river at the foot of the present Swede Street in Norristown. Eastburn also draughted a plan of a proposed town west of the future Norristown, though this plan was never implemented.^ Eastburn's work for Isaac Norris undoubtedly gave him access to the Proprietary Penns with whom Norris was closely associated. In particular, Thomas Penn, fourth son of the Founder and the second by the Founder's second wife, Hannah Callowhill, became Eastburn's patron. Thomas Penn was al ready personally acquainted with Eastburn, having met with him at least once, at Thomas Penn's request, on July 22, 1733 at Moyamensing, probably to discuss land surveys in that area.® As a result of these acquaintanceships and the recognized ex cellence of his work, Eastburn was appointed Surveyor-General of the Colony on October 29, 1733, an office earlier held by the more famous Thomas Holme, and an office which Eastburn would occupy until his death. On December 13, 1734 Eastburn, with his wife, moved to Philadelphia, the better to be near the offices of government with which he was now closely associated. At about the same time his brother, Samuel, moved to Bucks County and founded a line of Eastbums in that area. At this time too, Benjamin Eastburn consummated his first major work for the Penns by surveying 2,000 acres for Thomas Penn "scituate on a Branch TO NORfilSTOWN > EIHG OF FHUSSU

TO 7XLLET FORGE

TO FAOLI

TO PHIU.

TO BA3S0R

MAP OF SOUTHEBS CORNER OF UPPER MBRION TOWNSHIP SHOWING LINES OP EiSTBUHN SURTET. TO WATSS- (HEiVT LINES) BENJAMIN EASTBURN 301 of the River Schuylkill called Andenlelea In the County of Philadelphia... By virtue of two Warrants from the Proprie taries (each for 1000 Acres) Dated at London the 12™"' Day of May 1732 ..The warrants had been recorded at Philadel phia January 3, 1734.® About this time too Eastburn made a re-survey of some of the lands sold off from Mount Joy Manor by William Aubrey and his wife Letitia Penn. Letitia, the eldest child of William Penn and his first wife, Gulielma M. Springett, and full sister of William Penn, Jr., had been given the 7,800 acres of Mount Joy by her father in 1701. Subsequent to her marriage, Le- titia's greedy husband forced her to dispose of the Manor lands in 1730. The south portion of the Manor was broken up into plots and sold to various new owners, including George, Thomas and William Rees, Henry Griffith, William George, Evan Lloyd and Rees Thomas, though there was some dispute over the latter's ownership of part of the Manor lands. The rest of the Manor passed into the hands of successive non resident owners in England; Sir Archibald Grant, William Wilkinson and John Thomson; then, in 1736, reverted to the Penn family by sale to William Penn, Jr., who broke up the remaining Manor lands and sold them off. Eastburn's re-survey of the lands which had been sold to the Reeses, Griffith, George, Lloyd and Thomas (which lands now form Colonial Village, the Bob White Farm development and the central part of King of Prussia proper) confirmed the boundary lines of these new owners, but also discovered a "Suppos'd Fraud." Apparently a line had been moved subse quent to the original survey, thereby stealing land from the remaining Manor. Eastburn noted, "a white oak Tree that seems to have had some distinguishing & uncommon mark upon it which is now defaced as also... another in like manner defaced."^ (See the accompanying survey map.) What the result of this discovery was is not recorded. In 1737 Eastburn gained his first historical note by partici pating in the famous "Walking Purchase" of lands from the Leni-Lenape (or Delaware) Indians. Chief Nedoaway (or 302 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY

Netawatees) of the Leni-Lenape Turtle Clan agreed to sell to the Penns as much land west of the Delaware River and north of Maryland as could be reached by a walker or walkers proceeding on a northwest tangent in one and a half days. The Indians, familiar with the difficulties of much of the terrain, were contented that only a reasonable amount of land would be encompassed by the proposed walk. As a result of this agreement, the Penn agents in Phila delphia advertised for the best walkers available, agreeing to pay£5 per man. The walkers appointed were Edward Marshall, James Yates (or Yeates) and Solomon Jennings. These men were noted walkers, men of hardihood, and were reasonably familiar with the wilderness beyond earlier Penn purchases. Benjamin Eastburn, Sheriff Timothy Smith and Eastburn's assistant, Nicholas Scull, were present on September 19, 1737 at the start of the walk, and, mounted, followed the walkers at a more leisurely pace, though keeping reasonably close on their trail. Accompanied by two watch carriers, Alexander Brown and Enoch Pearson, who would record their time of eighteen hours actual walking, and who were also mounted, the three walkers set out at sunrise from an agreed on starting point at a chestnut tree standing near the Wrightstown Meet ing House in Bucks County. Blazing their path through the forest by notching the trees along the route, the three men set a rapid pace. Although they were accompanied by several Indians who were intended to oljserve their progress, the white men soon outdistanced their aboriginal escort and disappeared in the forest. They covered an incredible distance on the first day. The walkers ceased at sundown, having reached the Indian town of Hockendocqua, where they rested for the night. By dawn Eastburn, Scull and "another person" also reached the town and requested its chief, Lappawingo, to appoint some of his men to act as guides for the walkers, who were now ap proaching the rough wildness of the Endless Mountains in the area of the later-named Poconos. The chief, according to Ed ward Marshall, one of the walkers, aghast that the walkers had BENJAMIN EASTBUB^' 303 come so far in a single day, replied bitterly, "that they had got all the best of the land, and they might go to the Devil for the bad" lands that lay beyond in the mountains, "and that he would send no Indians with them."® The walkers then proceed ed unescorted into the mountains, ceasing their walk at 2 p.m. on the 20th as agreed, having reached the north slope of the mountains some 68 miles from the start. (Nicholas Scull later maintained that the distance was only 55 miles, but this dis tance would have only taken the walkers into the edge of the mountains.) The line of the walk was presently surveyed by Eastburn and his two deputies, Nicholas Scull and John Chapman. Although most of the Indians at first seemed contented with the deal they had made, they presently came to a real ization of the vast extent of territory they were forced to cede. They protested that they had been robbed since they claimed that the walkers, when out of sight of the Indians, had run most of the distance, thereby covering nearly four times the distance that the Indians had conceived possible by merely walking. Nicholas Scull, in 1757, refuted this argument, stating that none of the men had run at any moment during the actual 18 hours of the walk. Nevertheless the Indians were much em bittered against Marshall, the principal walker, and reportedly attempted several times to take his life. It is said, too, that his pregnant wife was captured and subsequently found dead on Broad Mountain, whether murdered or not is not recorded.® In 1738 Eastburn received a commission from the Penns to join with Commissioners appointed by both Pennsylvania and Maryland to survey an at least temporary boundary line be tween the two Colonies. The boundary had been in dispute ever since William Penn had received his charter for Pennsylvania from Charles II in 1681. Penn's charter and the earlier charter of Lord Baltimore had granted lands that considerably over lapped since little was known of the country at the time of the issuance of Penn's Charter. Lord Baltimore demanded the 40th degree north latitude as the northern boundary of Maryland. The ownership of the three Lower Counties that were later 304 bulletin op historical society of MONTGOMERY COUNTY

Delaware was also long in dispute between the two proprietary governments. Long previous to his commission Eastburn, as early as 1733, had become involved in the controversy. The immediate quarrel between the Proprietaries of the two Colonies in that year cen tered on the definition of the Great Circle drawn from New castle as its center, which was to define the northern boundary of the three Lower Counties of Delaware. Until the diameter of this Circle was agreed on, no westward line between Penn sylvania and Maryland could be surveyed. The line was to be drawn as a tangent from the point where the Circle met the western border of Delaware. Hugh Jones and William Rumsey "of the Province of Maryland Mathematicians" on September 4, 1773 submitted to the Pennsylvania and Maryland Commis sioners, "met at Newcastle" to confer on the matter, that a circumference, not a diameter, of 12 miles was meant by a decision reached in England. Therefore "The diameter" of the "Circle or Compass about is somewhat less than four miles."^® On tiie contrary, the Pennsylvanians claimed that a diameter, not a circumference, of 12 miles was meant. In an effort to refute the Maryland contention and establish the Penn claim, Eastburn countered the Jones-Rumsey asser tion by submitting, at Thomas Penn's direction, his own opin ion in the matter. "Benjamin Eastburn in the County of Philada. Surveyor, By Order of James Logan, Esqr."—^Logan was the Penn representative in the Colony when none of the Penns was present—"attending on the Commissioners on the part of Pennsylvania, at the Town of New Castle, Craveth leave to present an answer to a Question which the Commrs. on the part of Pennsylvania obtained in Writing from the Commrs. on the part of Maryland vizt. "All that the Town of New Castle, otherwise called Del aware, And all that Tract of Land lying within the Compass or Circle of twelve Miles about the same. .. Query. What is the Diameter of the above described circle? "The Surveyors employed by the Commrs. on the part of Maryland say, The Circumference of the above described Circle BENJAMIN EASTBUBN 305 is twelve Miles which makes the Diameter thereof three Miles, two hundred sixty two perches & five foot +, By my Computa tion. "To which Answer of theirs, I object..Eastburn then em ployed Euclid's definition of a circle to elucidate his point; then proceeded, "That the Town of New Castle is scituate in the Center of the Circle described in the Deeds of Feoifment (I think) none will deny. "And, the Quantity of that Extension of Space from (or about) the said Center, Is indubitably (in the said Deeds) ex plained to be twelve miles."^^ Lord Baltimore finally acceded to the Penns' contention in the matter of the Great Circle, thereby permitting the initial survey of a boundary line dividing the two Colonies. This boundary, however, bore even more seeds of contention than had the Great Circle. As 1738 drew near its close Eastburn, despite the unproprit- ious weather that might be expected in November, was ordered to join the Pennsylvania and Maryland Commissioners to sur vey the line. On November 5th Eastburn wrote from Philadel phia to his assistant, John Taylor (surveyor for Chester Coun ty) at Thornbury, "The 10th instant as I am informed is now fixed to begin to run a West line from the South Side of this City in order to fix the Boundary between this Province & Maryland according to his Majesty's late Order, at wch. time I desire thy Company and Assistance." The King (George II) had ordered the dispute settled. Eastburn added, "I hope to see thee in Town the Evening before," and noted on the address sheet that the missive was "desired to be forwarded at all speed" by the bearer." Time was short. The survey began, as ordered, on November 10th, and was to continue as far west across the Susquehanna River as feasible. Besides Taylor, Eastburn was assisted by Edward Scull "& a Chain man wth. each of them a horse" who were paid 10 shillings each per day, and by Patrick Burn, who car ried the chain and was paid 3 shillings per day.^^ The survey was finished on the 28th of the month, having proceeded 88 306 bulletin of histoeical society of montgomeky county miles westward to the "Kitochtinny" or Blue Mountains near the southern boundary of the present Cumberland County, Pa. The survey was forced to end at this point since the lands beyond had not yet been purchased from the Indians by either Pennsylvania or Maryland. The route was marked only by blazed trees, not by the more permanent stone markers such as would be set up by Mason and Dixon in 1764-7. On his return to Philadelphia Eastburn submitted a full re port on the survey to Deputy Governor George Thomas for transmittal to the Penns in England. The report was also signed by the Pennsylvania Commissioners, Lawrence Growden and Benjamin Peters, who had accompanied the survey from be ginning to end. Although the Penns were reasonably satisfied with the result of the survey, Lord Baltimore was not, despite the presence of his own Commissioners to observe the pro ceedings. The dispute, therefore, continued. Lord Baltimore claiming that the line had been laid out too far south, thereby depriving him of considerable land rightfully belonging to Maryland. The dispute continued until settled by Mason and Dixon, who surveyed the finalized line some 5 miles north of Benjamin Eastbum's line. The completion of his survey scarcely ended Eastbum's immediate business for the Penn interests. Soon thereafter he was required to map the "Courses and Distances" of the Lan caster Road, construction of which had begun at the Middle Ferry over the Schuylkill River at the west terminus of High (now Market) Street in Philadelphia in 1773.^^ By 1738 the road reached well into Chester County. Beyond that point the road was still not much more than a wildness path. On November 16, 1739 Eastburn submitted to the Penn sylvania authorities "An Account of Lands in Pennsylvania surveyed for the Joint Use of the Honble Proprietaries . .. Re turned into my Office" between 1732 and 1739. "In Philadelphia County On a Branch of Maiden Creek 200 A® sold to Robert Jones," and "On a Branch of Neshannick [Neshaminy Creek] 905." In Bucks county he had surveyed or directed his assist ants to survey nine plots totaling 11,422 acres; in Chester BENJAMIN EASTBURN 307

County one plot of 772 acres. He also caused to be surveyed in Lancaster County 51 acres "On Susquehanna River for a Ferry" (probably John Harris's at the present Harrisburg) Eastbum was also continually ordering his assistants, particu larly John Taylor, to survey smaller plots for individual per sons other than the Proprietaries, from whom they bought the land. Frequently too Eastburn and his assistants became in volved in disputes concerning these surveys. He also surveyed Oley Township in the present Berks County, though that Coun ty was not organized from surrounding counties until 1752. On September 14, 1740 Eastburn personally surveyed the Market Square in Germantown in preparation for erecting the Market House which was built in the following year.^® He also, at the direction of Thomas Penn, drew a modernized plan of Philadelphia "in which there is no Notice taken either of the Publick Squares, or the Centre square as laid down in the Old Plan" of the original Surveyor-General, Thomas Holme.^' Eastburn's map of the city also changed the street plan by numbering Broad Street at 14th Street, as it now is, instead of at 12th; and by numbering the proposed streets from the Schuylkill River east from one to 8, though the actual altera tions had been proposed by Holme as early as 1695. Neverthe less the changes remained unmapped until Eastburn's version brought Holme's ideas up-to-date. (The system of numbering the streets west of Broad Street was, of course, long ago re versed, so that the streets west of Broad are now numbered from 15th to 24th to the Schuylkill River.) With the influx of new immigrants from Europe, the load of work of necessity assumed by Eastburn became an increas ing burden. In an effort to place more of this burden on his assistants, Eastburn endeavored to divide his duties. Nicholas Scull was "appointed, not only Surveyr. of Philada. but of Bucks County also, for which he is obliged to BE [i.e., Ben jamin Eastburn] who has taken a Great deal of pain ... in getting him Established."^® In 1741 Eastburn and his brother, John, jointly purchased 200 acres, "part of the Manor of Mount Joy," in Upper Merion 308 bulletin of historical society of MONTGOMERY COUNTY Township, including Eastburn Hill. The vendor was undoubt- edly'Williafn Penn, Jr., who had purchased the Manor in 1736 and began breaking up the estate in 1740. Penn's agents for his land sales were James and William Logan, since Penn himself remained in England. James Logan had been President of the Colonial Council, and acting Governor from 1736 to 1738, and was a trusted agent for the Proprietaries in all matters that concerned them. Benjamin Eastburn did not long enjoy the acquisition of this land, since he died intestate and childless in the same year (1741.) The scene of his death was probably Philadelphia. Although his widow, Ann, was appointed executrix of his estate, she received scant solace from this appointment. By the English law of primogeniture which still lingered, though al ready antiquated, through the I8th century, Eastburn's brother, John, inherited all the lands and appurtenances held by East- burn in Philadelphia and Upper Merion. In the settlement of the estate these properties were conveyed to John Eastburn by a deed dated April 21, 1742 and signed by James and William Logan. Ann Eastburn inherited only the household furnishings. Nor did she long enjoy the use of these, since she died in 1744. Eastburn was succeeded as Surveyor-General by William Par sons, who held the office from August 21, 1741 to June 10, 1748. On the latter date Eastburn's old protegA Nicholas Scull, received appointment to the office. Ann Thomas Eastburn, however, did not go nearly wholly unrewarded for the nineteen years she had lived as Benjamin Eastburn's wife. On December 22, 1741 in Philadelphia she placed her "mark" (she was apparently illiterate despite her long marriage with a rather literate man) on the verso of a document by which she acknowledged receipt "of Messrs. (James) Steel"—anold friend of Eastburn—"and Lardner ye Sum of one hundred and ten pounds in full" which was still owing to Eastburn for his services to the CoIony.i« This docu ment had been drawn up by her husband shortly before his death, since it was dated January 4,1741, and listed his unset tled accounts with the Penns from 1735 half-way into 1740. BENJAMIN EASTBUBN 309

"An Acct. of Services done to the Honble. THE PRO PRIETARIES of Pennsylvania &c by Benja Eastbum from the Year 1735 inclusive to the 20th of June 1740 drawn by Command of The Honble. THOMAS PENN Esqr. One of the Said PROPRIETARIES. 1735 By Wm. ShanhlandSurv. of Sussex Co. [Delaware] his measuring the Roads in the Southern part of that Coun ty (usedin drawingthat part of Thos. Hoxons Map &c) to whom for himself, Chain men &c I paid. -6£—By Duplicates of Maps copied from Herman Molls Copy of a Map of Maryland By Duplicates of Maps to explain John Taylor's affirm ation of the situation of T. Cresap's Settlemt. how much more Northwd. than the line of the provinces according to the Articles of Agreement & than Philada. City, and of Lord Baltimore's line from Octoraro [Creek] East ward. By Duplicates of Maps of Springetsbury Mannr. on the West side of Susquahanna shewing T. Cresap's Settle ment within the same & how far North from the lines aforesaid 1736 By surveying two Tracts of Land 500® each for the Honble. Thos. Penn in the forks of Delaware Rivr. in Bucks County and another Tract of 1000® for the Joint use of the said Proprietaries 1737 By 13 days spent in fixing the bounds of the Indian pur chase in Bucks County and Duplicates of Maps shew- the same besides Maps 9.16 By Duplicates of Maps of the three Counties on Delaware contracted from Thos. Noxon's large Map and joining Delaware Bay to the same 1738 By 4 days spent in Resurveyg. Pennsbury Mannr. in Bucks County [Pennsbury Manor house was built by William Penn as his intended permanent home in Ameri ca, but he lived there only a short time], also a Draught of the same 3.10 By 17 days in company with the Jersey Survrs. assaying 310 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY

to fix the Temporary limits of the Jurisdictions of Penn sylvania and Maryland 17.15 1738&By 40 days spent in fixing the said Temporary limits 1739 with the Commrs. appointed on behalf of each Province

By Duplicates of Maps of Pennsylvania & Counties on Delaware shewg. the said Temporary Limits 30 1740 By 8 days spent attending the Commrs. to Maryland & observing some Rivers there and part of Chesapeak Bay in order to form a Map of the same 6 1739 By 5 days spent in a journey to the Land called Cox's in Chester County, & collecting an Accot. of the Setlers thereon, and drawing a Draught of the Land aforesd. being 20,000 acres 2.10 In drawing the necessary Originals, and the Maps &c above mentioned, I believe I spent about 6 Months; its more time than deserves to be considered —^70.10 For the Blank Services 39.10

£110. At the foot of this document Eastburn had noted, "to pay for my own accts. for the two 500 Acre Tracts," presumably those surveyed for Thomas Penn in Bucks County in 1736.20 Evident ly Eastburn had intended to buy these tracts from Penn in lieu of pajrment for services rendered. The fact that Ann East- burn received payment in cash, however, would indicate that the deal had never been consummated. As a footnote to the story of Benjamin Eastbum's life it is interesting to note that a younger John Eastburn (grandson of Benjamin Eastburn's brother, John, and eventual inheritor through his father, the younger Benjamin Eastburn, of the Eastburn lands in Upper Merion) had his own slight brush •with the history of the area, though in far less degree than his great-uncle, the Surveyor-General. On September 25, 1795 Brigadier General Louis Lebeque Duportail of Revolutionary fame is recorded as having bought from "John and Margaret Eastburn for the sum of fifty-five pounds lawful money of BENJAMIN EASTBUBN 3H

Pennsylvania" a piece of land "situate on the south east side of the road [the present DeKalb Pike] leading to Norristown ;ford on Schuylkill included between and bounded by said road the said river and the plantation of the said Louis Lebeque Duportail, containing by computation 3 acres more or less."^^ Duportail, the French Chief of Engineers in Washington's army and the planner of the Valley Forge defenses, had been appointed Minister of War in 1791 by the constitutional mon archy of France that had resulted from the initial stages of the French Revolution. Duportail's tenure in this office was brief, since with the outbreak of the French Revolution proper and the overthrow of the monarchy, Duportail was forced to flee to America. He settled in what is now the Borough of Bridgeport, where he bought considerable land prior to his purchase of the three acres from John and Margaret Eastburn. After the French Revolution had spent its force, Duportail was permitted to return to France, but the ship bearing him home was lost at sea with all hands. Duportail's tenure of his lands in Upper Merion was scarcely longer than that of the former Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Eastburn.

SOURCE NOTES (Pa. Mag. = Pennaylvania Magazine of History and Biography pub. by the Hist. Soc. of Penna., here noted as HSP.) 1. Most of the information in fliia para, from Walton, Hettie A., and Reeder, Eastburn, Eaathum Family^ Doylestown, 1903. 2. Pa. Mag. LXI 373-4. 3. Walton-Reeder (see note 1.) 4. Hocker, Edward A., Isaac Norris Surveys by Benjamin Eastburn, Norristown Times-Herald, Norristown, Pa., Sept. 1, 1933. 5. HSP, Thomas Penn to Eastburn, Moore Coll., Misc. American Sec tion 2988. 6. HSP, James Hamilton Papers No. 27 b. 7. HSP, Montgomery County Books, Norris of Fairhill MSs. 131.

8. Pa. Mag. VII 216. 312 BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY

9. Watson, John Fanning, and Hazard, Willis P., Amala of PkiUidel' phia, and Pennsylvania, Phila. 1898 ed., 11 100. 10. HSP, Cadwalader Coll. Box 4, Penn-Baltimore Misc. items (copy in hand of Easthurn.) 11. Ibid., Easthurn to Thomas Penn. 12. HSP, Easthurn to Taylor, (John) Taylor Papers Vol. 15 #3265. 18. Pa. Mag. XXXVIII 243.

14. Ihid. XLII 9.

15. HSP, Penn-Physick Papers Vol. 4 105. 16. Pa. Mag. VI 282. 17. Nicholas Scull to Richard Peters, Pa. Mag. XIX 421-2. 18. HSP, James Steel to John Taylor, Taylor Papers Vol. 15 #3162.

19. HSP, Penn MS. Accounts Vol. I 62.

20. Ibid.

21. Pa. Mag. LVI 350. Free Inhabitants in New Hanover Township in the County of Montgomery State of Pennsylvania According to the Census of 1850 Samuel H. Babtolet, Ass*t Marshal Aug. 27 — Sept. 14th 1850 R.E. — value of Real Estate owned. SCHAFFER [SHAFER] : John 39 (farmer), Mary 39, Louisa 16, Sarah 14, Augustus 12, Henrietta 10, William 8, Lucy Ann 6, Mary Ann 2. R.E. $3000. MARKLEY: Andrew 61 (farmer), Elizabeth 48, James 22 (blacksmith), Susanna 15, Sarah Shaner 15, John Hauck 45 (farmer). R.E. $6000. SCHNELL: Samuel H. 34 (merchant), Rachel 32, Henry 10, Daniel U. 8, Samuel 5, Samuel Hottenstine 22 (huckster), Henrietta Smith 10. BINDER: William 36 (farmer), Esther 35, Maria 8, Amanda 1, William Feathers 14, Samuel Mayberry 24. FAGLEY: Elias 27 (farmer), Elizabeth 28, Susanna 7, Cath arine 5, Esther Elmira 4, Frederick Monroe 2, Daniel Wil son 1, Mary Gebhart 26, Joseph Oser 23 (farmer). R.E. $2300. MILLER: Solomon 38 (carpenter), Catharine 38, Mary Ann 10, Rebecca 7, Emeline 3. R.E. $510. FAGLEY: John 53, Susanna 53, Frederick 28 (farmer), Noah 20 (tanner), Elizabeth 18, John Schmeirer 11, John Fag- ley Jr. 25 (tanner), Sarah 22. R.E. $5000. BUCHER: [BUCHERT]: David 40 (farmer), Lydia 42, Re becca 16, Mary Ann 14, Hannah 10, John 6, Conrad Milton 2. FILLMAN: David 52 (weaver), Anna 46.

313 314 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

GEBHART: Andrew 64 (carpenter), Sarah 63, Henry 34 (carpenter), Nancy 38, Andrew 22 (carpenter), Noah 7, Elias 6, John 4. R.E. $550. DECKER: Jacob 59 (farmer), Leah 56, Ann Jane Miller 14, George Bolig 12, Malary 3. R.E. $2,000. FEATHERS: Sarah 45, Henrietta 7. STOFFLET: Henry 29 (carpenter), Sarah 27, Elizabeth 7, Jacob 5, Henry 3, Amanda 2. ALTINGER [ALDINGER]: Andrew 62 (laborer), Anna Maria 56, Angeline 18, Christopher Deal 21 (laborer). KEELER: William 60 (stonemason). Miss Keeler 58, Jesse Keeler34. DIEGEL: John A. 44 (stonemason), Maria Magdelina 38, Gotlieb 8, John 7. NEIMAN: Jesse R. 27 (plasterer), Hannah 22, Sarah Ann 10/12, Henry Roads 9. R.E. $795. DEAINLY: Wendel 63, Fronica 63, Margaret 28, Mary Ann 7, Sophia 5. R.E. $725. GEIST: Daniel 51 (miller), Catharine 53, Jesse 25 (farmer), Mayberry Goodman 5, Daniel Reed 30 (millwright), Lydia 23, Amanda 1. R.E. (DG) $2300. SCHWEINHART [SWEINHART]: Henry 44 (farmer), • Rachael 41, William 18 (farmer), Henry 15, Harrison 12, John 7, Philip 3, Rufus 8/12. R.E. $2500. KALB: Daniel 51 (shoemaker), Catharine 51, Daniel 16, Levi 13, Lovina 18. R.E. $700. SMITH: Daniel S. 62 (shoemaker), Maria 55, Benjamin 14, GOLDSMITH: Frederick 52 (day laborer), Josephine 50, Augustus 17 (farmer), Carolina 13, Elizabeth 3. R.E. $2000. SCHNELL,: John 33 (shoemaker), Rachael 33, Jacob 5, Sam uel 1, Sarah Krause 11, Jeremiah Bucher 19 (shoemaker). R.E. $1100. PUGH: John 47 (farmer), Sarah 44, Sarah Ann 10, John Henry 7, Washington 5, Samuel Lane 4, Sarah Reifsnyder 15, Mathias Buchert 68. • :R.E. $2500. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 3^5

FILLMAN: Israel 41 (carpenter), Catharine 39, Ephraim 14, Sarah Ann 8, Catharine 4, Mary Fillman 69. R.E. $1200. , ROOKSTOOL [RUCKSTOOL] : Jacob 51 (farmer), Elizabeth 29, George 7, Catharine 2, John Roose 24 (taylor). R.E. $2000. ACHE [AUCHE]: Herman 39 (day laborer), Catharine 38, Emeline 10, Elizabeth 7, Henry A. 3, Mary Ann 1. R.E. $300. SMITH: Dieter 38 (farmer), Sophia 36, Simon 12, Elizabeth 9, Emma Matilda 5, Susanna Batz 20, John Repert 22, Daniel BishofF 35 (day laborer), Elizabeth Bishoif 31, Eve 8, William 2. R.E. $4800. ROSHON: Dieter 28 (carpenter), Sophia 26, Milton 5, Sarah Rebecca 2, Mary Amanda 6/12, Simon F. Wolff 11. YERGER: John 27 (farmer), Mary Ann 20, Catharine 4/12, Reuben Mauger 14, Elizabeth Ziegenfuss 16, Barbara Koch 62. R.E. $3000. ROMIG: George 49 (farmer), Catharine 50, Jeremiah 20 (farmer), Sophia 14. R.E. $4000. KNETZ: Michael 64 (farmer), Catharine 55, Isaac 32 (farm er) , Mary 25. R.E. $4000. SMITH: James 32 (laborer), Catharine 29, Samuel 2. WEANT: Francis 39 (tavern keeper), Elizabeth 33, Henry 8, Mary 6, Elmira 1, Catharine Geyer 22, Mary Leidig 65. R.E. $2500. SCHNEIDER; Wm. H., Esq. 39 (tanner), Mary Ann 31, Louisa Maria 13, Emeline Rhoads 6, Elizabeth Steltz 26, Henry Young 19 (farmer), Andrew W. Fillinger 21 (tan ner), Jesse Nyce 12. SCHNEIDER: Alfred 37 (tanner), Clarisa 27, Olivia C. 7, Anna M. 6, Ellen L. 3, Leanna Fagley 20, David Nester 23 (tanner), Jacob K. Francis 22 (teacher), Henry Schneid er 69. R.E. (HS) $6500. SMITH: Henry 24 (farmer), Susanna 23. 816 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY SCHEETZ: John 37 (farmer), Anna Catharine 35, Jacob Henry 14, Catharine 12, George 10, John 3, Anna Eliza beth 1, Joseph Varley 60, Israel Smith 35 (farmer), Mary Vanhorn 18. R.E. $7000. KEHL: Sarah 40, Jonathan 20 (wheelwright), Margaret 17, William 13, Sarah Ann 9. R.E. $1900. •GILBERT: David 35 (farmer), Maria Marilda 35, Milton 8, Mary Keeler 47. R.E. $2000. SMITH: Benjamin 39 (farmer), Maria Eve 32, Washington Henry 10, Mary Smith 68. R.E. $2100. SEIPERT: Samuel 49 (minister), Elizabeth 47, Maria 25 (vest making), Emeline 13, Mary Cadildo 6, John J. 17 (teacher), Rush G. 16, George W. 11. BARTOLET: Henry 53 (drover), Elizabeth 46, Mary Ann Koch 8, Lovina Koch 6, John Keeley 13. R.E. $1800. BARTOLET: A.R. 27 (huckster), Elmira 22, Henry R. 18 (farmer), Catharine 20, Henry 10, Lewis Giles 17 (farm er), Martin Bemhard 37, Jacob Rosenberger 21 (huck ster) . YORGY: Peter 69, Maria 64, Elizabeth Harner 18, Frederick Wolf 58 (day laborer), Elizabeth 58. R.E. $2500. HATFIELD: Samuel 46 (farmer), Sarah 44, Louisa 14, Hen rietta 13, Henry 12, Daniel Clauser 20. R.E. $3000. KEHL: Moses 52 (innkeeper), Nathan 16 (farmer), Harri son 13, Carolina Davidheiser 20, Catharine Bickhart 54, Benjamin Roshon 41 (blacksmith), Jesse Bolig 16. R.E. $5000. KRAUSE: Amos A. 45 (farmer), Rebecca "40, Edward 11, James 9, Joseph Wensell 17, Catharine Sheiry 30. R.E. $10,000. SCHNEIDER: Jacob 55 (day laborer), Elizabeth 58, William Schneider 25 (carpenter), Rebecca 21, Maria 17. YOST: Isaac 39 (farmer), Mary 39, Abraham 14, Michael 12, Jacob 7, Urias Sassaman 16, Susanna Fryer 16. R.E. $5500. KEPNER: Henry 69 (farmer), Hanna 33, Catharine 22, Samuel 18, Henry Yerger 7. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 317

KEPNER: John 25 (day laborer), Charlotte 21, Amanda 2. HATFIELD: David 42 (tinker & farmer), Sarah 41, William 19 (tinker & farmer), Milton 11, Sarah 6, Elizabeth Kep- ner 75. R.E, $2000. LEAVENGOOD: William 45 (farmer), Sarah 42, Maria 15, Phares 8, Equilly 5, Mahlon 3, Aaron 1, Harlin Kolb 16 (farmhand). R.E. $5000. WISE: David 47 (carpenter), Hannah 46, Jonathan 20 (car penter), Joshua 16 (carpenter), Frederick 14, Henry 11, Maria 8, David 7. R.E. $2000. BUCHERT: Jesiah 29 (farmer), Susanna 25, Precilla 4, Ezekia 3, Lando 1, Elizabeth Berryman 18. R.E, $4500. HAUBERGER: Peter 39 (farmer), Sophia 37, Emeline 14, Mary 12, Hiram Jonas 6, Samuel Leidig 16 (farmer). BRENDLINGER: Frederick 41 (merchant), Mary 36, Erwin 13, Emma 11, Mary 10, Lydia Ann 9, Mahlon Charles 8, James Frederick 6, Lewis Jacob 4, Rosa Elizabeth 2, Peter Franklin 3/12, Michael Koch 30 (storekeeper), Amanda Roshen 21. RE $8000. SCHNEIDER: John 30 (farmer), Elizabeth 29, Emeline 6, Sarah Ann 3, Amanda 1, Elias Gilbert 25 (blacksmith), Rebecca 18. ZINK: Christian Z. 34 (taylor), Catharine 34, Amandus 11, Clara Elizabeth 1, Jacob Zink 66, Elizabeth Heist 17, Chris tian Bickhart 15. R.E. $2000. WIESNER: Samuel 36 (wheelwright), Sarah 31, Catharine 9, Mary 7, Henry 5, Samuel 4, Sarah Thomas 45, Caroline Thomas 21, Levina 11, William Weasner 2. KNIPE: Jacob 46 (physician), Rachael 44, Mary Ann 18, Frances 15, Sarah Jane 14, Jacob 13, Hannah 12, Septimus 9, Rachael 7, Isaac Fryer 21 (hired man). R.E. $5000. STORE [STARB]: Theodore 55 (organist), Elizabeth 50, Al bert 23 (stonecutter), Carolina 21, Theodore 15, Elizabeth 13, Mathias 11, Emelia 7. BICKHART: Henry 33 (carpenter), Matilda 30, Malary 7, Milton 4. R.E. $1500. 313 THE UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMEBY COUNTY

HOFFMAN: David 42 (day laborer), Sarah 41, William 11, Jesiah 8, Sarah 5, Fayette 2. MILLER: Rev. Conrad 52 (minister), Hannah 55, Marks Haas 13, Christianna Minger 16. HAUBERGER: Abraham 37 (sadler), Rebecca 35, Christian na 65. R.E. $2500. BRENDLINGER: Jacob 80, Mary 76, Angeline Kline 21, Ja cob Feathers 33 (shoemaker), Caroline Feathers 35, Han nah 10, Nathaniel 9, Hiram 4, Isaac 20 (shoemaker), Au gustus Adams 24 (shoemaker). R.E. (JB) $3000 (JF) $2000. BINDER: Moses 71, Anna C. 41, Maria Shaner 18. R.E. $1000. FEATHERS; Isaac 59 (weaver), Mary 60, Andrew Ratz 33, Anna 33, Amanda 4, Elizabeth 2, Mahlon 6. BICKEL: Henry 58 (farmer), Henrietta 21, Milton 14, Jacob Nathaniel 9. R.E. $6000. KRAUSE: Susanna 51 (widow), Edwin Beideman 33 (day laborer), Rebecca 36, Amanda 11, Henry 7, Eizabeth 4, Oliver 2. R.E. (SK) $2000. BRENDLINGER: Maria 66, Solomon 30, Maria Stichter 60, Sophia Brendlinger 25. R.E. $1000. HOFMAN: Rev. Andrew 52 (minister), Mary Lovina 29, Amel 3, Oscar 2, Doris Eta 8/12, Anna Freyer 18, John Greber 17 (farmer). R.E. $400. LEAVENGOOD: Samuel 50, Anna 49, Catharine 24, Mary Ann 20, Adam 15, Sarah 12, Michael 10, Rosanna 6. WARTMAN: John 28 (day laborer), Maria 32, Jacob 8, Mary 5. BLYLER: Mary 63, Sophia 26, Amanda 23, Julie Ann 22. R.E. $750. KURTZ: Mathias 58 (farmer), Sarah 55, John Decker 15. R.E. $2000. DECKER: Susanna 54. R.E. $1100. FAGLEY: John 47 (ceedar cooper), Anna 40, R.E. $1362. STETLER: Solomon 32 (farmer), Esther 33, Malinda 6, Mal- ary 3, Esther Brunner 13, Peter Bolig 8, Catharine Reigner 64. R.E. $3000. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 319

RUDY: William 33 (farmer), Margaret 29, Ephraim 6, Wil liam Antrim 14, Ellen Moser 17. KURTZ: Michael 62 (farmer), Mary 55, Michael 26 (fanner), Augustus E. 14, Sarah Ann 23. R.E. $5000. FRYER: Frederick 51 (stonemason), Elizabeth 48, Malary 8, Sophia 5. R.E. $1000. RELLER: William 40 (miller), Hannah 36, Emelia 11, James 5, Therasa 2, Peter Steltz 45 (farmer). R.E. (WR) $4000 (PS) $2000. STELTZ: Christian 72, Catharine 69, Jacob Steltz 42 (farm er), Esther 38, Malary Catharine 10, Jacob Franklin 8, Henry Mahlon 6, Erwin 3, Adam Keifreiter 16, Anna Fryer 19. R.E. (CS) $10,000 (JS) $6000. STELTZ: William 31 (farmer), Sarah 32, Catharine 7, Peter 5, Hiram 3, Pheoris 13, Catharine 68. R.E. $3200. SPERRY: Francis H. 27 (blacksmith), Henrietta 27, Jacob 5, Samuel 2, Samuel Sperry 22 (wheelwright), Jacob Sper- ry 68. R.E. $1800 BINDER: Jacob 56 (farmer), Elizabeth 40, Sarah 20, Sophia 8, Elizabeth 5, Jacob 3, Mary Fryer 16, Isaac Bickel 17, Daniel Fryer 25, Elizabeth Erb 69, Elizabeth Bickel 35. R.E. $8000. YERGER: Conrad 47 (farmer), Elizabeth 45, Samuel 22 (farmer), Mary 17, Henry Machreich 23, Margaret Shuler 50. R.E. $6000. BINDER: William 31 (farmer), Henry 3, Christianna Fries 38, George Daub 21 (miller), Samuel Derolf 20 (farmer), Philip Schneider 13, Jesse Binder 24 (shoemaker), Aaron Fryer 27 (hiredman), Maria 22. R.E. $8500. PALSGROVE: John 56 (farmer), Mary 55, Aaron 25 (car penter) , Christianna 24, Daniel Palsgrove 29 (carpenter), Catharine 21. R.E. (JP) $800 (DP) $800. GROSS: Rebecca 58, John Joseph 48. R.E. $1000. SMITH: Conrad 49 (farmer), Hannah 40, William 12, Jere miah 10, John 9, Henry 6, Sarah 5, Joshua 2. 320 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, MONTGOMEEY COUNTY

MENSH: Peter 37 (taylor), Anna 34, William Adam 13, John Franklin 10, Amandas Conrad 3/12, Ablesena Elizabeth 8, Franklin Hoof 18, Jonas Hoof 15, Maria Decker 20. R.E. $2400. FRYER: Christian 45 (carpenter), Susanna 47, Jessiah 20 (carpenter), Benjamin 14. R.E. $2000. KEHS: Joseph 85 (blacksmith), Magdelana 30, Jacob 7, John 6, Elizabeth 4, Matilda 2, Franklin Vanhom 20, Henry Schweinhart 84, Catharine 69. R.E. $1700. HOLLOBUSH: John 43 (farmer), Elizabeth 39, Mary Ann 1, Harrison Seaver 14. R.E. $3000. ZOLLER: Elizabeth 64, Ephraim Zoller 22 (huckster). R.E. $2700. GEIST: Samuel 46 (farmer), Elizabeth 46, Esther 19, Henry 15, Samuel 13. R.E. $2000. WARTMAN; Elizabeth 70, Susanna Bickhart 63. DENGLER: Jacob Sr. (carpenter), Margaret 54, Mary Ann 21, Elizabeth Sarah 8/12, Catharine 84. R.E. $1200. DENGLER: Jacob B. 28 (carpenter), Elizabeth 19, Nathan iel 1. ZOLLER: William 27 (stocking weaver), Maria 25, Henry 2. R.E. $1550. SMITH: David 30 (farmer), Matilda 33, Mary Ann 6, Per- cival 2. R.E. $2200. REIFSNEIDER: Isaac 44 (farmer), Rebecca 38, Sarah Stof- flet 14. R.E. $4500. FAVINGER; Charles 33, Lydia 32, Amanda 10, Henry 7, Jesse 6, Anne 3, Albert 2. BORNEMAN: Isaac 32 (farmer), Esther 34, Isaac 4, Eliza beth 1, Ephraim Gresh 18 (hiredman), Rachael Gresh 41, Benjamin Katz 10. R.E. $4400. REIFSNEIDER: Jacob 54 (farmer), John 16 (farmer), Jacob 10, Rebecca Moser 30. R.E. $3500. REIFSNEIDER: Maria 39, Carolina 9, Ephraim 10, John 5, Widow Schnell 65. CHRISTMAN: Michael 32 (showman), Catharine 39 R.E. $500. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 321

KOLB: Henry 47 (shoemaker), Rachael 37, Samuel 14, Solo mon 12, Aaron 8, Henry 7, Susanna 5, George 3, Hannah 1, Jesse 15. R.E. $2200. HILTEBEITEL [HILTEBIDLE] : Adam 37 (farmer), Sarah •31, Mark 14, Jessiah 11, Angelina 9, Augustus 7, Jacob 5, Sarah 3, Mary 1, Augustus Wunderllch 28, Hannah Dan gler 61, Jacob Dengler 22 (daylaborer). R.E. $4100. ZOLLER: George 45 (farmer), Rebecca 37, Milton 9, Mary Ann 2. R.E. $4500. DECKER: Hannah 49, Mary Loch 75. MOCK: Jacob 40 (shoemaker), Sophia 37, Mary 13, Sarah 5, John Brecht 18 (shoemaker), Isaac Mock 26 (shoemaker). R.E. $2000. RITTER: Henry 36 (daylaborer), Hannah 35, Jacob 14, John 12, Sarah 10, William 8, Elizabeth 6, Henry 3. R.E. $1800. MOYER: Daniel 35 (farmer), Sarah 30, David 11, Elizabeth 8, Daniel 4, Mary Ann 1, Esther Shaner 18, Ephraim Ren- inger 16 (farmer). R.E. $4000. READS: Daniel 48 (farmer), Catharine 49, Levines 21 (sad- ler), John 17 (farmer), Jacob 12, Henry 6, Lydia 18, Mary 10. R.E. $4000. SETZLER: John 75, Maria 63, William 22 (farmer), Sarah 31, Sarah Deam 12. R.E. $1800. GABEL: Philip 40 (organist), Lydia Stearly 35. R.E. $3000. SAYLOR: Philip 43 (farmer), Elizabeth 33, Catharine 13, Franklin 11, Amos 9, Philip 7, Isaac 5. R.E. $3000. PENNEBECKER: Elizabeth 62, William 32 (saddler), Esther Schlichter 15. R.E. $6000. PANNEBECKER: Charles H. 39 (innkeeper), Hannah 36, Mary 15, Henry 14, Franklin 11, Albert 9, Samuel 7, John 2, Conrad Neiman 64 (storekeeper). KREBS: Henry 77, Hannah 77, John Shaner 12, Hannah Shaner 16, John Huber 26, John Bartman 16, Elizabeih Smith 22, Mary Huber 19. R.E. $10,000. KECK: David 48 (farmer), Rachael 43, Daniel 19 (farmer), Joel 15, Rebecca 11, Judith Kolb 15. R.E. $8000. 322 IJNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, MONTGOUEBY COUNTY

POH: Levi 39 (carpenter), Judith 36, Marietta 12, Amanda 8, Mathilda 6, Esther 4, Levi 3. R.E. $600. SMITH: Henry 68 (farmer), Catharine 61, Samuel 30 (farm er) , Catharine 22, Maria 24. R.E. $5000. SAYLOR: Samuel 49 (farmer), Sarah 42, Hermina 21, Esther 18, Samuel 16 (farmer), Joshua 13, Mary 12, Fayette 10, Sarah 8, Maria 6, Gidion 6, Lydia 4, Henrietta 2. R.E. $1200. CHRISTMAN: John 67 (farmer), Catharine 62, Daniel 20 (daylaborer), George 26 (daylaborer), Judith Latshaw 39, Celinda Latshaw 14, Susanna 11. R.E. $1500. SENSENDERFER: Michael 67, Elizabeth 58, Lewis 21 (day- laborer) , Hannah 19, Elizabeth Bortzenhart 8. R.E. $800. HOLLOBUSH: Daniel H, 40 (farmer), Mary 37, Henry 12, Philip 10, Richert 7. R.E. $1500. ALBRIGHT: Michael 70, Susanna 68, John Schweisfort 51 (farmer), Solome 42, Mary Ann 18, Esther 13, Sarah 11, Samuel 10. R.E. $4000. BINDER: Samuel 27 (farmer), Esther 28, Sarah 3, Adeline 1, Isaac Geris 16, Emma Miller 14, Hannah Binder 54. R.E. $3600. KERCH [HERSH]: John 49 (farmer), Sarah 52, Sarah 14, Mary Ann, 23, Sarah Ann 5, B. Franklin 3, Mahlon Herch 1. GRADY: Levi 28 (daylaborer), Mary 25, James Gross 7, Catharine Linsenbigler 15, Maria Linsenbigler 18, Feyette 7. WEANT (WEAND): William 30 (butcher), Christianna 27, Melinda 2, Harrison 7, Mary Batz 16, Solomon Hoffman 18 (farm hand), Catharine Weant 73, Sophia Weant 18, Mal- ary 5. R.E. $4500. DREHS (DRACE): Nathan 26 (taylor), Esther 25, Amanda 3, Albert 1, Milton Styer 19 (apprentice), Mary Binder 13. R.E. $3200. DENGLER: George 53 (farmer), Rebecca 49, Sarah 11, Hen ry 3, Emeline 14. R.E. $2500. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 328

HARTRANFT: David 60 (farmer), Christianna 52, Aaron 20 (miller), Louisa 19, Malinda 17, David 14, Christianna 10. R.E. $8000. DENGLER: George 31 (carpenter), Catharine 30, Louisa 1, R.E. $2500. SCHENLY: Jonas 23 (carpenter), Hannah 19, Catharine 1. EHL: William 55 (farmer), Elizabeth 45, Esther 19, William 12, Caroline 11, Catharine 10, Joseph Leister 22 (hired- man). R.E. $4000. FAGLEY: John 43 (farmer), Anna 35, Elizabeth 13, John 11, Amilie 10, Henry 8, Mary 7, Sarah 5, Esther 3, Jessia 1. R.E. $2000. ROTH: Obediah 34 (farmer), Hannah 33, Levi 12, Catharine 10, Franklin 8, William 6, Henry 4, John 1. R.E. $5000, YERGER: Henry 48 (weaver), Rebecca 44, Rebecca 13, Hen ry 9, Sarah 7, George Albert 4, Sarah Dotterer 15, Sarah Hallman 60. R.E. (SH) $500. KNEER: Jonathan 54 (farmer), Maria 52, Abraham 24 (farmer), Mary Miller 58, Anna Miller 21, Joshua Houck 27 (taylor). R.E. $3000. HAUCK: George 29 (daylaborer), Hannah 33, John 8, Au gustus Mayberry 23 (mason). R.E. $800. DREHS: Peter 54 (taylor), Maria 53, Lydia 19, Peter 17 (farmer), Mary 14, Edwin 12, Thomas Hoffman 24, Esther 21, Malary 1. R.E. $2000. FRYER: Joshua 37 (millwright), Sarah 37, Maria 15, Wil liam 10, Sarah 6, Joshua 3, Mathilda 7/12. R.E. $550. G... .T: John 28 (farmer), Hannah 27, Milton 5, Louisa 3, Amilie 3/12. R.E. $2300. LEISTER: David 29 (blacksmith), Susanna 28, Henry 7, Su sanna 5, Emily 3, Susanna Frederick 54, Emeline Fred erick 19. R.E. $1000. BITTING: Isaac 49 (daylaborer), Mary 38, John 17, Caroline 13, Emeline 6, William H. 1/12. FRYER: Jacob 63 (farmer), Sarah 50, Caroline 13, Henry 10, Jacob 7. R.E. $1800. 324 TTTF! united states census op 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY MILLER: George 37 (fanner), Caroline 36, Henry 14, Su sanna 9, Sarah 7, Thomas 5, Catharine 61. R.E. $2700. BERRET: Henry 52 (no trade), Susanna 45, Erasmus 20 (daylaborer), Mary Ann 11. SMITH: John 29, Elizabeth 22. RENINGER: Reuben 30 (eeedar cooper), Henrietta 29, Eliza beth 5, John 3, Susanna 5/12. R.E. $800. STELTZ: Reuben 35 (stocking weaver), Sarah 27, Theophilus 6, Adaline 4, Valentine 2. R.E. $700. KNETZ: Jonas 45 (farmer), Elizabeth 37, Sarahann 8, Ja cob 5, Benjamin Keeler 13. R.E. $8000. RENINGER: Peter 52 (farmer), Anna Maria 42, Augustus 23 (farmer), Samuel 20, (farmer), Sophia 16, Peter 14, Jessia 12, Susanna 10, Maria Stauffer 60. R.E. $4500. BINDER: Amos 33 (farmer), Maria 33, Amanda 9, Nathan 5, Mary Elizabeth 1, Nathaniel Erb 14, Carolina Erb 17, Jacob Binder 74, Elizabeth Binder 67. R.E. (JB) $4000. REIFSNIDER: Sebastian 47 (farmer), Mary 36, Catharine 15, Mary 12, William 10, Milton 7, Elizabeth 5, Rebecca Lucette 3. R.E. $4000, STELTZ: Jonas 33 (farmer), Sarah 25, Mathilda 5, Catharine 4, Elizabeth 5/12, Nathan Keeler 16, Sarah Fagley 18, Barbara Herpel 85, Valentine Steltz 79, Catharine 67, Samuel Steltz 51 (laborer). R.E. (VS) $8000. YERGER: John 29 (farmer), Sophia 28, Amanda 5, Mary 3, John Strunk 12, Elizabeth Yerger 61, Lydia 16. R.E. $2000. RICHARDS: Philip 60 (farmer), Maria 58, Sophia 24, Esther 22, Magdeline 20, Samuel 18 (farmer), Jesse 16. R.E. $4000. FAUST: Peter 55 (farmer), Margaret 43, Samuel 21 (mill wright) , Jesse 19 (farmer), Margaret 17, Peter 15, Jona than 8, Sarah 3. R.E. $1600. BEYER: Enos 43 (farmhand), Eliza 44, Francis 9. R.E. $850. KEISER [KEYSER]: Henry 56 (farmer), Sarah 54, Abso- lom 12. R.E. $800. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 325

KOONS: Philip 34 (farmer), Maria 30, Malary 8, Maryann 6, Jonathan 4, Milton 2, Philip 2. R.E. $2000. ZERN: Abraham 60 (farmer), Maria 55, Sophia 17, Henry 12, Lovina 7. R.E. $900. ZERN; George 35 (day laborer), Esther 32, John 10, Abra ham 8. R.E. $500. MOYER: Daniel 33 (farmer), Christianna 33, Esther 9, Sarah 6, William 4. R.E. $1600. HAUCK: Peter 35 (carpenter), Sarah 28, Esther 6. R.E. $800. ERB: George 21 (segar maker), Catharine 21, Mahlon 2, Thema 1. R.E. $500. HAUCK: Daniel 55 (weaver), Elizabeth 50, George Moser 31 (laborer), Lydia Moser 40, Maryann 15, Nathan 10, Es ther 8, Levina 3. R.E. $2000. YOST: Jacob 52 (farmer), Maria 45, Samuel 21 (stone mason), Jacob 17 (farmer), John 14, Sophia 24, Maria 8, Caroline 5. R.E. $1000. WITMAN: Catharine 50 (widow), Susanna 12, Jessia 8, Lydia 5. R.E. $325. GOUGLER: John 42 (shoemaker), Hannah 38, Nathainel 17 (daylaborer), Levina 16, Amanda 9, Magdelina 7, Cath arine 2. R.E. $800. YONSON: Christopher 50 (farmer), Maria 56, John 28 (farmer), Sophia 19, Rebecca 17, William 11. R.E. $3000. KEELER: Elias 25 (blacksmith), Feyette 24, Henry 1. R.E. $875. SMITH: George 52 (daylaborer), Maria 48, William 7, Maria 3, Joshua 13. GILBERT: Henry 65, Sarah 64. BOYER: William 82, Mary 67. SCHLONEKER [SLONAKER]: George 47 (carpenter), Catharine 47, Adam 21 (carpenter), Catharine 13, Eliza beth 16, Philip 10, John Esterline 60. R.E. $700. 326 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1860. MONTGCMEEY COUNTY

ZINK: Lewis 55 (ceeder cooper), Michael Irabody 64 (carpen ter) , Catharine Imbody 57, Jacob 20 (carpenter), Daniel 16 (carpenter), David 13, Mathilda 10. R.E. $500. GRODY: Henry A. 61, Maria 58, Sophia 18. R.E. $500. SMITH: Joseph 40 (fanner), Mary 30, John Smith 34, Wil liam Weil 13, John Erb 32, George Cress 85 (drover), Maria Francisia 36, Paul 7, Mary Eliza 1. R.E. (JS) $2000 (GC) $500. SMULL: Charles 50 (daylaborer), Rachael 42, Benneville 18 (laborer), Mary 13, Elizabeth 11, Sarah 2/12, John Ram say 1. FRYER: Joseph 50 (sawmiller), Elizabeth 48, Susanna 14, Deborah 13, Levi 24 (laborer), R.E. $2200. STYER: John 34 (laborer), Nancy 30, John 9, Mary 7, Na thaniel 4, Hannah 10/12. SCHENKEL: Adam 30 (carpenter), Catharine 30, Augustus 6, Sarah 3, Catharine 8/12. SMITH: Simon 33 (carpenter), Catharine 33, Caroline 9, Mary Ann 7, Sarah 4, Catharine 2, Edward 1. R.E. $500. RENINGER: Jacob 50 (farmer), Elizabeth 43, Lydiann 22, Jacob 13, Esther 10, Maryann 5. R.E. $700. BARTMAN: John 70, Barbara 67, Jacob Bartman 27 (farm er), Sarah Bartman 23, Lucyann 2, Rebecca 3/12, Bohme (?), Yonson 13. R.E. $3000. SWEISFORT: Peter 44 (farmer), Rebecca 35, Maria 12, Jes- sia 10, Catharine Ann 6, Albert Grimley 24 (laborer). R.E. $3000. GROB: Jacob 50 (farmer), Catharine 49, Henry 18, Catharine 11, Caroline 8. R.E. $3000. LACHMAN: Charles 32 (stonemason), Sophia 29, Ely 8, Sarah 6, Henry 4, Ervin 2, Mary Elizabeth 6/12. R.E. $900. MARKLEY: Benjamin 49 (farmer), Susanna 46, Augustus Y. 22 (farmer), Stephen 13, Benjamin 11, Elizabeth 6, Sophia Bickhart 21. R.E. $6500. NEIMAN: Charles 38 (weaver), Maria 34, Esther 9. R.E. $600. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 327

KOLB: William 38 (carpenter), Anna 37, Mathilda 5, Henry 14, R.E. $400. KOLB: Philip 52 (farmer), Susanna 46, Jonas 14, Feyette 13, Mary 11, Michael 8, Susanna 4, Levisa 5/12, Susanna Kolb 79. R.E. $1400. KOLB: John 43 (wheelwright), Christianna 40, Joshua 14, Henry 11, John 8. R.E. $1000. FRYER: George 61 (farmer), Mary 58, Franklin 21 (farm er), Susanna 24, Nathan Fryer 31 (millwright), Lucinda 24, David 3, Adeline 2. R.E. $2500. WEIANT [WEAND] : Charles 29 (coal burner), Lydiann 24, Jacob 5, Mary 2. R.E. $550. SPICHT [SPECHT]: William 49 (Justice of the Peace), Magdelena 46, William 24 (segar maker), Levina 13, John Gougler 15, Maria Wonsidler 16. R.E. $3000. YERGER: Peter 51 (farmer), Sarah 49, Lydia 17, Rebecca 15, Peter 13, William 7, Catharine Badman 68, Elizabeth Roth 78, Esther Gougler 21. R.E. $2000. STYER: George 54 (carpenter), Mary 49, Caroline 17, Cattilie 16, Neiette 8, Maryann 21, James Styer 26 (carpenter), Sophia Styer 25, Mary 2, Franklin 7/12. KOLB: John 60 (daylaborer), Susanna 61, Ellen 28, Charles Styer 28 (carpenter), Eliza Styer 23, Luisanna 6, John 4, Jacob Mabrey 24 (daylaborer), Susanna Mabrey 22, Cath arine Ann 2, Wilson 1, Hannah Moser 33, Hannah Moser 8. R.E. $400. BRENDLINGER: Jacob 48 (farmer), Elizabeth 46, Maryann 20, Luise 18, William 15, John Badman 38 (daylaborer), Catharine Badman 36, Joseph 13, Edward 11, Henry 9, John 7, Lydia 5, William 2, Charles Zem 24 (laborer), Sarah Zern 22, Elizabeth 8/12. R.E. $2500. NEIDIG: George 34 (augersmith), Catharine Schweinhart 35, Catharine 12, Mathilda 9, Henry 7, Benjamin 4. R.E. $1200. HAUCK: Jacob B. 33 (faimer), Elizabeth 30, Percivel 7. R.E. $700. 328 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, UONTGOMEBY COUNTY

FAUST: John 43 (daylaborer), Christianna 33, Susanna Lick 5. SCHWARTZ: Abraham 50 (farmer), Maria 46, William 8, Julyann 6, David 14, Susanna Smell 39. R.E. $800. WEIGNER: Jacob 75, Catharine 74, George Huber 46 (farm er), Elizabeth 42, Sarah 4, William Erb 14. R,E. (GH) $2000. JOHNSON: John 67, Catharine Mechler 65. BICKEL: William 27 (farmer), Elmina 24, Jacob 20 (farm er), Daniel 12, Hannah 11, Amanda 9, Susanna 48, Abra ham Bolig 40 (daylaborer). R.E. $3000. ACKERMAN: John 65, Hannah 56, Franklin Thompson 15, Mathilda Ackerman 14. KOLB: Jacob 31 (daylaborer) Mary 33, David 5, John Kolb 26 (carpenter), Rebecca 30, William 2/12. GOUGLER: Michael 41 (weaver), Elizabeth 45, Samuel 9. R.E. $300. SCHWOYER. Jacob 27 (stonemason), Maryann 19, William 1, Jacob Beaver 10. R.E. $1340. SMITH: John S. 34 (ceedar cooper), Sarah 35, William 6, Maryann Elizabeth 3, Elizabeth Erb 60. R.E. $770. SCHEN [SHANE]: Henry 53 (augersmith), Mary 49, Henry 11. R.E. $600. SCHWENK: Christian 46 (daylaborer), Maria 41, Hannah 11, Levina 9, John 7, Elmina 6. SCHICK: John 45 (weaver), Catharine 45, Catharine 12, John 9. FREED: Samuel 57 (farmer), Rebecca 59, Henry 10. R.E. $600. SIESHOLS [SEISHOLTZ]: Henry 32 (carpenter), Elizabeth 38, Maria 11, Jessia 5, Levina 3, Sophia 9/12. R.E. $800. MILLER: Michael 38 (farmer), Maria 34, Catharine Ann 10, John 8, Christian 5, Lydia 2. R.E. $2000. MILLER: Solomon 42 (farmer), Sarah Ann 14, Elizabeth 12, Conrad Washington 10. R.E. $600. NACE: Adam 65, Rachael 65. NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 329

MAYBREY: Joseph 34 (wheelwright), Catharine 26, Mathias 8, Casper Schaeffer 1, Mary Ann 6. R.E. $580. ZERN: John 56 (fanner), Catharine 52, Isaac 15, Aaron Zem 29 (mason), Elizabeth Zern 24, Rebecca 7, Sophia 5, R.E. $900. DRUMBORE: George 50 (carpenter), Elizabeth 47, Theo- phelus 16, George 14, Elizabeth 12, Hillarius 10. R.E. $1000. KOLB: Jonas 40 (stonemason), Esther 40, Daniel 11, Jonas 8, Esther 6, Jacob 3, Charles 8/12. R.E. $300. ERB: Jonas 45 (carpenter), Barbara 43, John 12, Rebecca 17, Sophia 10, Susanna 7, Elizabeth Fox 59. R.E. $800. KEIFREITER: George 23 (taylor), Lydia 22, Carolina 7/12. ZIMMERMAN: John 56 (farmer), Margaret 52. R.E. $1800. MALEHORN: Louisa 45, Carolina 13. R.E. $300. ADAM: Jacob 68. HERB: David 53, Catharine 59. HOFFMAN: Andrew 30 (laborer). Lea 25, Lydia 2, Peter Hoffman 32. R.E. $675. ZERCHNER: Paul 47 (drover), Catharine 45, Sarah Linsen- bigler 11. R.E. $420. MILLER: Jonas 28, Lydia 28, Henry 8, George 5, Catharine 3, George Kehl 36, Lydia Kehl 36. NEITER: George 45 (farmer), Cattilie 44, Jonas 11, George 3, Barbara 2/12, Brigette 9, Eliza 7, Simon 6. R.E. $1500. ZERN: Jacob 33 (carpenter), Sophia 28, Esther 7, Jacob 5, Mary Ann 3, Susanna 6/12. R.E. $400. STROHL [STROLE] : Michael 58 (paper packer), Mary 45, Tillman Augustus 19 (shoemaker), Rebecca 16, William 14. R.E. $450. REIGNER: Jacob 55 (potter), Maria 60, Esther 20. R.E. $1500. KEIFREITER: Jacob 66, Catharine 50, Nicholas 18 (day- laborer) . SCOTT: Elizabeth 82. 330 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

STOFFLET; George 42 (carpenter), Rebecca 31, Lea 7, John 9, Isaac 16 (stonemason), Sarah 14, Catharine 11, George Stofflet Sr. 72, Mary 62. R.E. $500. BADMAN: David 46, Sarah 49, William Shueck 20 (farm hand), Franklin Fox 19 (carpenter). R.E. $250. ERB: John 59, Catharine 61, William 27 (daylaborer), Amos 20 (daylaborer), James 18 (daylaborer). R.E. $1500. SELL; Philip 62, Elizabeth 53, Philip 21, Malinda 13, Amanda 11. R.E. $400. BARRITT: John 55, Catharine 50, Sarah 20, Willoughby 12. R.E. $200. GILBERT: Frederick 59 (farmer), Susanna 56. R.E. $700. GILBERT: Charles 34 (blacksmith), Lucyanna 31, Sophia 12, Esther 10, Sarah Ann 5, Augustus Scheffey 16. R.E. $900. EDELMAN: George 42, Malinda 39, Edwin 9. ZERN: Henry 39 (powdercask maker), Sophia 33, Nathan 13, Esther 11, Henry 4, Lydia 1. R.E. $650. HAUCK: George 62 (stonemason), Hannah 58, Hannah 17. EDELMAN: Jacob 49 (farmer), Rebecca 47, Thomas 22, Reu ben 16, Hiram 11, Judith 20, Feyette 5. R.E. $1900. SMITH: Esther 47 (widow), Rebecca 22, Maryann 15, Charles 10, Amanda 7, Henry W. Harpel 27 (millwright), Julie- ann 23. R.E. $500. FOX: Charles 35 (stonemason), Catharine 34, Ann Juline 12, Gedion 10, Lucinda 7, Susanna 7, Esther 5, Elizabeth 2. DRASE: Reuben 32 (farmer), Sarah 32, Nathan 8, Milton 5, Jessiah 3, Sarah 1/12, Catharine Drase 68. R.E. $800. FINK: John 49 (shoemaker), Margaret 44, Jacob Franklin 17 (shoemaker), William 13, Henry 9, Maria 7, John 3, Eli Brendlinger 24 (shoemaker), R.E. $1200. SMITH: John 58 (farmer), Elizabeth 54, Reuben 19 (stone mason), Judith 22, R.E. $1000. LEISTER: Philip 51 (stonemason), Anna 53, Mary Ann 15, Philip 12. R.E. $2000. LEISTER: John 22 (stonemason), Lea 24, Maryann 1. ERB: Henry 28 (shoemaker), Rebecca 31, Susanna 4, Sarah 2, Sophia 6/12. R.E, $800, NEW HANOVER TOWNSHIP 331

BARNHART: John 58, Catharine 57, James 15. ERB; Henry 60 (farmer), John 26 (gentleman), Sophia Bam- hart 18, Jonas Erb 32 (farmer), Maria Erb 30, Nathan 8, Mary 7, Charley 5, Esther 2. R.E. $2000. DAVIDHEISER: Jacob 46 (farmer), Sarah 42, Carolina 16, Rebecca 12, Jessiah 9, William Badman 28 (hiredman). R.E. $2500. FRYER: Isaac 30 (daylaborer), Rebecca 28, Carolina 9, Lou isa 4, Susanna 1. HOFFMAN: John 46 (sawmiller), Elizabeth 43, John 17, Jacob 22 (farmer). R.E, $2000. ERB: George 25 (carpenter), Sarah 20, Jacob 7/12. ERB: Daniel 46 (shinglemaker), Catharine 44, Catharine Ann 9, Simon 7, Sarah 5, Angeline 1. R.E. $900. HARPEL: Jacob 50 (millwright), Mary 50, Jacob 22 (mill wright) , Daniel 18 (millwright), Mary Ann 15, Benjamin 12, David 9, Peter Eshbach 20 (miller), Rebecca Smith 21. R.E. $4000. LINSENBIGLER: Paul 71 (farmer), Elizabeth 69, Mathias Linsenbigler 40 (farmer), Susanna 30. R.E. $1800. HERBERT: Philip 51 (daylaborer), Catharine 49, Catharine Rothenberger 13. R.E. $500. ZOLLER: Samuel 37 (stocking weaver), Elizabeth 35, John 9, Mary Malinda 6, Emma Elizabeth 4. R.E. $1000. REIGNER: Frederick 27 (daylaborer), Sophia 25, Mary 5, John 4, Lewis 1. BITTING: Joseph 60 (carpenter), Elizabeth 56, Luisa 20, John 18 (carpenter). R.E. $1800. BITTING: Peter 32 (carpenter), Mary Ann 25, Levina 13, John Keeler 18. R.E. $1000. BARTOLET: Hannah 38 (widow), Charlotte 19, Elizabeth 16, Samuel 9, Sophia 4, Abraham Bartolet 77, Henry Reinert 24 (hiredman), John Hoffman 16 (hiredman). R.E. $5000. MICKERT: John V. 38 (shoemaker), Justina Frederick 46, Emmaline Maria 10, Mary 9, John 7, Catharine 4. R.E. $1150. 332 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

Whole Number of Population —1635 (Male 811, Female 824) Attended school within the year — 395

All persons born in Pennsylvania with the following exceptions; Bom in GERMANY MACHREIGH, Henry SCHNEIDER, Philip HAUCK, John JOSEPH, John OSBR, Joseph CHRISTMAN, Michael ALDINGER, Andrew Anna Maria WUNDERLICH, Augustus Angelina BORTZENHART, Elizabeth DEAL, Christopher CRESS, George DIEGBL, John A. Maria Francisia Maria Magdelina Paul (jotlieb MALEHORN, Luisa John ZERCHNER, Paul DEAINLY, Wendel Catharine Fronica NEITER, George BISHOFF, Daniel Cattilie Elizabeth Jonas Eve MICKERT, John V. FILLINGER, Andrew W. Justina Fredericka BERNHARD, Martin WOLF, Frederick Born in FRANCE Elizabeth KEIFREITER, George STORB, Theodore KEIFREITER, Jacob HOFMAN, Rev. Andrew Catharine KEIFREITER, Adam Nicholas Free Inhabitants in Whitemarsh Township in the County of Montgomery State of Pennsylvania According to the Census of 1850

JOSEPH KIRKNER —Ass't Marshal Aug. 13 to Nov. 1st 1850 R.E. — value of Real Estate owned.

HANNIS: William 45 (farmer), Rosanna 55, Morris Deshong 34 (farmer), Rosanna Deshong 28, Andrew Hannis 18 (farmer), William 15, Louisa 12, Anna 7, Margaret Swarts 17. R.E. $5000. BOUD; James 34 (farmer), Sarah 28, William H. 6, Margaret 5, Jacob Boggs 24 (farmer). R.E. $1300. DAGER: Charles 42 (victualler), Mariah 32, Daniel 16, Han nah 15, Martin V. 14. R.E. $3000. HITNER, Daniel 0. 35 (marble merchant), Catharine 33, Elizabeth 11, Rebecca 8, Harry 6, Catharine 5, Ellen 1, Alexander Fulton 30 (farmer), Elizabeth Bickings 26, Ann Hiltner 15. R.E. $79,580. MAGUIRE: Robert 35 (farmer), Harriet 28, Mary Ann 9, Margaret 4, Louisa 2, George Stevin 19 (farmer), Eliza ? 19. R.E. $6500. LUKENS: William M. Sr.: 28 (merchant), Caroline 25, Win- field L. 3, William 1. RHOADS; Samuel, Sr.: 39 (farmer), Elizabeth 35, Margaret 15, Sarah 14, Daniel 12, Henry 10, Mary 7, Samuel 4, Ed win 2, Rebecca 10/12, Francis Lukens 20 (clerk), James Beatty 25 (teamster). R.E. (JB) $100. FREAS: Chas. 48 (farmer), Margaret 40, Eliza 24, Mary 22, Amanda 20, Martha Ann 18, Daniel 16, Charles 14, Emma 10, Isabella 8, Harry 4, Josephine 1. R.E. $5500.

333 334 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

LYLE: Charles 41 (gate keeper), Elizabeth 40, Mary Ann 19, Elizabeth 17, Allen 15, George 12, Hannah 7, Franklin 3, Tyson 5/12. KEX: Abraham 59 (smith), Caroline 45, Caroline 9, George 1. YEAGLE [YEAKLE]: Samuel 43 (shoemaker), Mira 33, Isaac 12, Emilie 7. GULP: John 47 (farmer), Mariah 42, Elizabeth 22, Deborah 20, Mariah 16, Leonard 14, Sarah 11, Charles 9, Henry 5, Samuel 1, Leonard Culp 75 (farmer), Catharine 65. R.E. $4000. DEWEESE: Daniel 46 (farmer), Mary Ann 47, Sarah Ann 20, George 18, Jacob W. 15. R.E. $6000. DEWEESE: Henry 55 (farmer), Mary 48, Edwin 23 (farm er), Susanna 16, Anna Jane 12, Mary 8, Jacob 6, Janet Burt 30. R.E. $6000. HART: Daniel 28 (farmer), Mary 41, Ellen Zell 17, Elizabeth Staley 13, Caleb Staley 9, William Wampole 45. R.E. $5000. SHINGLE: John 34 (cordwainer), Mary Ann 80, Henry Mil ler 3. .KEELY: Rebecca 58, Caroline 24, Sarah Ann 19, Lucinda 17, Austina 14, Elizabeth 12, Mark 24. R.E. $6565. SCHOCH: Theodore 26 (none), Mary 25, Jacob 2, Emma 11/12. MILLER: Andrew 55 (farmer), Mary 53, Susanna 23, George 20, Harriet 14, Sarah Ann 11, Walton Barton 21 (none). R.E. $10,000. MILLER: Samuel 27 (farmer), Ann Eliza 25, Chas. Morgan 13, Sarah Dillman 7. LIGHTCAP: George 48 (farmer), Elizabeth 48, Anna 19, Charles 17, George 14, Mary Ann 10, Jacob Katz 45 (none). R.E. $4000. LENTZ: Girard 42 (farmer), Margaret 32, Elizabeth 11, Henry H. 10, Fineman W. 8, Howard M. 4, William Ma- guire 29 (none), Ezra Roberts 43, Isabella McCullough 14, Elizabeth Lentz 55. R.E. $7000. WHITBMARSH TOWNSHIP 335

RAPINE: Nicholas 55 (farmer), Ann 48, Jacob 24 (none), Andrew 18, Jeremiah 13, Mary Ann Rapine 10, Margaret Hartman 19. R.E. $6000. STREEPER: Peter 55 (farmer), Mary 56, Amanda 25, Caro line 16. R.E. $9800. BOYTON: Charles 40 (saddler), Mary Ann 32, Sarah 11, Lou isa 9, Hannah 6, Richard 4, Jacob 1, Dorothy Eddleman 77. GOSHEN: Davis Sr. 44 (cooper), Agnes 42, Anna M. 21^ Sarah 19, Hannah 11, John 9, Davis 6, Emily A. 3. CULP: George 64 (farmer), Sarah 55, Catharine 30, Angelina 26, Leonard 23, Elizabeth Hartness 20, Frederick A. Culp 18 (none), Ellen 15, Sarah Ann 15 (twins), Charles 10. R.E. $5000. MARKLEY: Isaac Sr. 45 (none), Lydia 38, Sophia 12, Win- field S. 6, Abraham 3, William 11/12. HILTNER: Andrew 40 (none), Sarah 29, Amanda 11, John H. 1. R.E. $1000. THOMAS: Susan 45, Mary 16, Jane 12, Henry H, 16. R.E. $2000. KLINE: Peter Sr. 61 (none), Heneritta 56, Eliza Cauble 15. DAGER: John 52 (hotel & farmer), Ann 50, Sarah 23, Eliza 20, Charles 15, Albert 13, Nicholas 11, Mary 9, Anna 5. R.E. $5000. JOHNSON: Reuben 29 (carpenter), Sophia 28, William Col- flesh 19 (carpenter). BARNHOLT: John Sr. 77 (victualler), Henry 41 (victualler), George 30 (none), Mary Fight 18. CRESSMAN: Samuel 52 (laborer), Mary 55, Henrietta 26, .Catharine 13, Louisa 10. EDDLEMAN: Isaac 43 (smith). Massy 38, Mary Ann 16, Rosanna 14, George 10, Peter 8, Eliza Bamett 7/12. MAGUIRE: Esther 64,-John 42 (laborer), James 25 (stone cutter), Catharine S.. .in 20, Angeline S.. .in 16. 336 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMEBY COUNTY

BROOKS: Clarissa M. 39, Mary H. 21, Ellen C. 20, Elizabeth M. 19, George C. 17, Emery J. 14, Arthur G. 12, Fanny C. 10, Charles T. 8, Alexander C. 4, Catharine O'Conner 20, Allen R. Reeves 50 (Iron master), Hezia S. 45, Hugh Mat thews 20 (laborer), Lewis Yerkes 44 (merchant), Mary Hannis 70. R.E. $22,000. BISBING; George W. 27 (none), Elizabeth H. 25. BARNETT: Elias 29 (clerk), Sarah Kely 15, Mary E. Bur nett 4. SWEENEY: James 29 (laborer), Mary 29, Alexander 2, Su san 3/12. WRAY: William 28 (laborer), Rachel 28, Elizabeth 5, Rachd 2, Elizabeth 60, James Rankin 30 (laborer), Thomas Trig ? 25 (laborer). LAFFERTY: Solomon 26 (laborer), Mary 26, Jeremiah 2, Martha Ann 3/12. PAUGH: Robert 27 (founderer), Margaret 22, Mary C. 3, Daniel 10/12. ANDREWS: William 23 (laborer), Anna 33, Sarah 1, Wm. Toland 23 (laborer), David Toland 24 (laborer). MC CLAY: James 31 (laborer), Eliza 30, Anna 8, Andrew 4. JONES: Elizabeth 62, Hiram 18. STREEPER: Charles 40 (farmer), Elizabeth 17, Sarah 17 (twins), Charles 12, Isaac 10, Jesse 7, Henry 5, Anna 2. R.E. $2000. SHERD: John 59 (laborer), Ellen 52, John25 (laborer), Luke 23 (laborer), Sarah A. 9. R.E. $500. TOLAN [TOLAND]: Charles 35 (innkeeper), Frances 35, Reuben 12, Mary 10, George 8, Sarah 6, Pheby H... 18, Evolin Minnis 35 (laborer), Dennis Gannon 28 (laborer), James Canady 30 (laborer), Peter Ryen 23 (laborer). Marble Egle 28 (laborer), Francis Tracey 42 (laborer), Patrick Blaney 23 (laborer), Thomas Evans 38 (laborer). WENTZ: George 45 (teamster), Margaret 26, John 11, Mary Jane 7, Salena 6/12, Isabella 2. R.E. $6500. WHITEMAKSH TOWNSHIP 337

GRINSCIFF: Edward 43 (laborer), Ann 43, Joseph 8, Thomas 4, Benjamin Green 22 (B) (none), Solomon Cujf 25 (B) (none). MACANE: John 30 (laborer), Mary 32, Lydia 3, Margaret 11/12, Bridget Macane 14. RICHARDSON: David 34 (laborer). May 30, Ellen 11/12. DERR: John 32 (laborer), Elizabeth 24, John 6, Catharine 4, Andrew 3, Mary Ann 2, Charles H. 6/12, George C. 6/12 (twins). R.E. $400. GRAVES: John Sr. 25 (laborer), Mary 26, William 2. CRAWFORD: John 27 (laborer), Mary Ann 28, James 3, Anna 9/12. SMITH: Griffith 50 (cordwainer), Mariah 43, George 6, Ema- line 2, Richard Ferman 27 (cordwainer). HARNER: Daniel 65 (laborer), Rebecca 64, Sydney 30, Charles Lukens 24 (laborer), Rebecca Lukens 24, (leorge 11/12. THOMPSON: Benjamin 85 (laborer), Sydney 44, Alycia 10, Elizabeth 8, Irena 6, Frances Ann 4. MC CULLOUGH: Patrick 30 (laborer), Isabella 37, Isabella 14, Margaret 12, Mary E. 8, Susan 6, Hannah 4, Edward 1. REARDOM: Thomas 30 (laborer), Margaret 22. PUGH: Stephen 39 (wheelwright), Lydia 49, Eliza Ann 9. PARKS: George 21 (carpenter), Catharine 20, John Newel! 25 (laborer), Elizabeth Lynch 21. STREEPER: George 67 (farmer), Elizabeth 71, Charles Da- ger 15, Caroline Streeper 40, Mariah Streeper 21, George Dager 20 (none), John Dager 18 (none). R.E. $5000. STREEPER: Jacob 36 (laborer), Jane 30, Albert 9, Clary 6, Morris 4, Emma 2. R.E. $1000. HILTNER: Daniel 52 (laborer), Elizabeth 40, Andrew 21 (laborer). R.E. $800. OWENS: Thomas 52 (farmer), Rachel 42, Margaret 7, Sam uel 5, Zachariah 1. R.E. $1500. SPIELHOFFER: Rudolph 56 (farmer), Elizabeth 58, Jacob Miller 22, Eliza Miller 18, Henry Zell 15. R.E. $5000. 338 the tJNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

HTLiTNER: Charles 38 (smith), Margaret 36, Edwin 13, Mary M. 11. R.E. $1500. MORRIS: William 40 (cabinetmaker & farmer), Ann E. 34, Martha E. 10, Mary 9, Ann C. 6, Sarah 5, Thomas W. 4, William J. 4 (twins), Henry 1, George Fie 19 (cabinet maker) . R.E. $2500. DAGER: Philip 51 (laborer), Sarah 45, William Fliger 14, Newton D. Smith 4. DAGER: Henry 44 (victualler), Martha 38, John H. 5, Eliza beth W. Morris 35, Josephine A. Wilson 14. R.E. $3000. MARTIN: Franldin B. 28 (physician), Anna Maria 28, Pres ton 5, Elizabeth J. 8/12, Henry Meon 33 (none). SNYDER; Abraham 43 (gatekeeper), Catharine 44, Samuel 3. MORRISON: Joseph 27 (taylor), Roseanna 22, Eliza 4, Mar garet 2. WENTZ: Jacob 64.(farmer), Catharine 57, Daniel 21, Aman da 20, Thomas 15, John Wentz 11, John Allebach 30 (none). R.E. $15,000. NEIMAN: John 50 (farmer), Catharine 40, Sarah Ann 22, Charles 19, William 14, George 8, Catharine Carr 20, John Alleback 33 (laborer), Mariah 32, William 3/12. WENTZ: Charles 43 (farmer), Mary Ann 46, George 21 (none), Albert P. 17, Sarah Ann 14, John 12, Ellen 10, Hannah 6, Charles 4. R.E. $11,000. SHEETZ: George 88 (farmer), Susanna 37, Catharine 14, Catharine Wentz 77, Elizabeth Shetinger 15, Henry Wentz 18 (none). FENEMORE: Charles 26 (miller), Hannah 21, William F. 1. SHAFFER: John 24 (farmer), Deborah 22, John 4, Mary Lower 17. R.E. $6000. JAGO: Samuel 44 (smith), Susanna 30, George 15, Samuel 13, Thomas 8, Henry 6, John 4, Wilmina 2. HEIST: Edward A. 27 (wheelwright), Ruth 26, Martha J. 1. NACE: Maria 46, George Sheriff 28 (farmer), Mary Ann Jones 13. R.E. $5000, STALEY: John 61 (laborer), Rachel 16, Priscilla 14, Louisa 11, Esther 5, John 8, Charles 2, Esther Staley 45. WHITEMABSH TOWNSHIP 339

BOGGS: John 65 (miller), Sarah 31, Davis 27 (school teach er) , Elizabeth 23, Emily 19, Clementine 16, Catharine 14. HAINES: Jacob 53 (hotel & farmer), Ann 52, Janetta 23, Richard 22, Jacob 15, Susanna 12, Anna 9, Amelia Snyder 22, George Shaffer 28 (none). R.E. ?15,000. SPARE: Daniel 44 (laborer), Barbara 40, Anna E. 8, Morris 6, Alephia 2, Susanna 7/12, Timothy Boyle 44 (laborer), HOCKER: Elizabeth 60, Anna 22, Susanna Dager 57, William Dager 22 (none), John Dager 17. FRIES: Adam 50 (farmer), Ann 45, Susanna 20, Solomon 18 (none), Christian 14, John Benner 15, Sophia Fie 14, Lydia Fries 7, Solomon Fries 79, Susan Fries 79. R.E. $8000. PETERMAN: Charles 48 (farmer), Mary H. 45, Jacob 26, Mary 20. R.E. $2500. NUNGESER: Joseph 57 (farmer), Maiy 59, John 70 (none). R.E. $4000. KATZ: John 60 (farmer), Mary 59, Mary 22, Francis 17 (none), Henry Filman 8, Susan Hichline 60. R.E. $8000. FOGLE: Joseph 30 (none), Elizabeth 40, William Katz 25 (none), Catharine 20, Margaret 1. HINAMAN: John 57 (faimer), Eliza 52, Eliza Wandall 18, Kate 2, John M. Hynaman 13. R.E. $3100. DAGER: John 55 (farmer), Christianna 55, Frederick Marc- heimer28 (none), Mary Nicholas 21. R.E. $6000. STOVER: Abraham 26 (saddler), Mariah 27. SHUGARD: William 45 (farmer), Mary Ann 43, Caroline 19, George 17, Alfred 11, Franklin 8, Ephraim Dolby 30 (la borer), Samuel Hocker 58 (none), Elizabeth Lower 20. R.E. $11,000. VAN WINKLE: Samuel 36 (victualler), Elizabeth 31, Jacob 8, Mary Jane 6, Margaret 5, Samuel 3, Albert Katz 19 (victualler), Thomas Hartranft 22 (victualler), Sarah Van Winkle 18. R.E. $3000. FREED: Charles 39 (wheelwright), Eliza 41, Andrew 19 (wheelwright), Sarah Niblick 75. '340 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

SORBER: Seth 30 (smith), Angeline 30, John P. 6, Charles J. Jones 22 (smith), R.E. $2500. WELKER: Charles 31 (hotel keeper), Louisa 26, Charles W. 1, Frederick Fainly 26 (none), Mary Bride 25. LONGSTRETH: Morris 49 (farmer), Mary Elizabeth 45, George Cook 16, Joseph Cook 12, Lydia Cook 10, Charles Stahlmaker 24 (none), Edwin Stahlmaker 18, George Lower 29 (none), Margaret Middleton 72, Catharine Byrclin (?) 23, Catharine Marcheimer 23. R.E. $55,000, BODEY: John 43 (farmer), Mary 40, Sarah Ann 18, Cath arine 15, Daniel 30 (none), William 28, Hannah 39. SECHLER: George 45 (limebumer), Elizabeth 36, Henry 17 (none), Sarah Ann 16, Mary Ann 14, John 12, Susanna 2, John 77 (none), Rachael Staley 16, Robert Noah 24 (none), Edward Freed 20 (none), Jacob Staley 18 (none). RHOADES: Jacob 50 (none), Catharine Jones 40, Henry Rhodes 12, Mariah Jones 8, Anna Rhodes 7. LEWIS: Joseph 36 (carpenter), Mary 36, William 9, Law rence 6, Harman 3, Henry 1, Mary 1/12. BOOZ: Jacob 74 (weaver), Mary Goodwin 30, Charles Good win 45 (none), Mary Clemer 75, Benjamin F. Goodwin 1. TRESELER [TREXLER] : John 60 (none), Mary 62, Henry 35 (none), Louisa 25. CONRAD: Albert 29 (augermaker), Martha 25, William 3, Mary E. 9/12, Catharine Roache 21, Isaac Conrad 21 (au germaker) . BUSH: Joseph 52 (hotel keeper), Catharine 60, Eliza Ann 16. BUSH: George 28 (farmer), Sarah 21, Louisa Puff 50, Caro line Kneeal 25, Thomas Kindy 25, Henry Sholler 54, God- fry Ablewine 26, Frederick Gnailly 26. R.E. $6500. DAGER: Jacob 28 (none), Susan 24, Isabella 4, Samuel 2, Reuben Miller 22 (none), Elizabeth Dipple 15, Elizabeth Shugard 59. HERSH: William 31 (hotel keeper), Maiy Ann 28, Emma 1, Elias 80 (none), Mary 46, Nancy Farell 23, Philip Smith 24 (none), George Amey 23 (none), Harriet Amey 21, John Katz 25 (victualler), Edwin Amey 21 (victualler). WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 341

AIMAN: Charles 28 (victualler), Sarah 26, Charles 5, Jacob 2/12, Isaac Artman 50 (none), Sarah Ann Peterman 18. R.E. $5000. EDDLEMAN: John 35 (wheelwright), Catharine 35, Charles C. 11, Mary G. 7, George D. 6, Charles Tindell 16 (wheel wright) . BYARD: Henry Sr. 23 (M) (none), Eliza 22 (M), Mary H. 1 (M), Amelia Jackson 42 (M), Mariah Johnson 85 (M), Mary Bowen 21 (M), Henry Jackson 7 (M), Elizabeth Jackson 2 (M), Emma Bowser 5 (M), William Bowser 3 (M), George K. Bowser 5/12 (M). LEWIS: James 45 (B) (farmer), Caroline 28 (M), Elizabeth 9 (M), John 7 (M), Mary 4 (M), James 2 (M). R.E. $1500. COMFORT: Jeremiah 33 (farmer), Elizabeth 27, Ezra 3, Sarah 1, Martha 66, Mary Poeson 77, Michael Tally 20 (none), Mary MacDonel 25, Ann King 25, William Mc- Bride 11, Ellen McBride 7, James Wilson 24 (M) (none), George Wilson 22 (M) (none). R.E. $10,000. YOUNG: William 75 (B) (none), Jane 74 (B). VAN DYKE: Henry 50 (B) (none), Hannah 43 (M), Amelia liewis 25 (M), Ely Wilkinson 25 (M) (none), Hannah 18 (M), William Lewis 43 (M) (none). R.E. $600. BERNARD: James Sr. 48 (carter), Mary 34, Josiah 23 (none), Margaret 21, Rebecca 18, James 14, Elizabeth 10, William 12, Mary Ann 6, Matilda 4. ROBB: Caspar F. 28 (miller), Catharine 30, William 4, Rich ard 2, Mary 3/12, Jesse Brey 24 (miller), Mary Mere dith 23, Isaac Fetter 21 (miller). YOUNG: Joseph 40 (miller), Sophia 55, George 6, Edwin Vandyke 22 (B), William Brown 30 (school teacher), William Brown 2. RIGHTER: John 64 (farmer), Elizabeth 54, Peter 57 (none), Louisa 25, Charles Righter 27, George 20 (none), Lindley V. 15, Margaret Dougherty 45. R.E. $20,000. RIGHTER: Joseph 30 (farmer), Eliza 27, George L. Righter 1, Makolas Meyers 7 (B). 342 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

RIGHTER: Anthony 30 (farmer), Emaline 30, Lindley 5, James 4, Mary 2. BARNHILL; Robert 30 (none), Jane23, Emma 1, Martha 18. RIGHTER: John 28 (storekeeper), Rebecca24, Daniel 3, Hor ace 6/12, Bridget Owens 17, Henry Cress 16. YERKES; John 25 (laborer), Jane 46, Abraham 21, Mary • Jane 13. KLINE: Barbara 66, Elizabeth Vetthoven 32, Louisa Gr-zy 30, Emelie Kline 16. LEWIS: Thomas 29 (hotel keeper), Elizabeth Jane 21, Sarah Jane 9/12, Harvey 12, Michael Gallagher 16 (none), Ann Meredith 22, Joseph Bitting 24 (mason), Thomas 0. Mc Dowell 30 (clerk), Jesse Pawling 46 (none), Robert Walker 26 (none). LAFFERTY: Solomon 28 (none), Mary 27, Jeremiah 3. HAMELBAGH: Francis 34 (none), Elizabeth 26, William 9, Duncan 7, Jacob 5, Margaret 2. R.E. $100. WILKINSON: John 36 (M) (laborer), Mary Ann 33 (M), Anna 8 (M), Henry 6 (M), John 6/12 (B). R.E. $500. FINIGAN: Patrick 49 (laborer), Mary 50, Barney 24 (none), Patrick 22 (laborer), Lawrence 19 (none), James Finigan 17 (none). WILLIAMS: William 35 (laborer), Mary 34, David 12, Mary 10, Hannah 8, Margaret 2, James Duffie 27 (laborer), Margaret Duffie 23. KEYS: John 47 (laborer), Mary 45, Alexander 19 (none), Margaret 17, Joseph 14, Thomas 8, John 6. McEWELL: John 48 (mason), Mary Ann 41, Ellen 17, Eliza 15, Cynthia 14, Margaret 12, John 8, Emma 1. NAGLEE [NEAGLE] : Christian 59 (baker), Mary 56, Owen 16, George Nameth 28 (mason). R.E. $500. KANOUSE: Edwin 23 (smith), Mira 23, George R. 25 (smith). TODD: Andrew 39 (carpenter), Anna 41, Ellen Keen 14. BROWN; John 40 (M) (none), Mary 35 (M), Harriet 9 (M), Jacob 4 (M), Soloman 3 (M), Samuel 10/12 (M). WHITEMABSH TOWNSHIP 343

FRIES: Jeremiah 27 (laborer), Elizabeth 21, Daniel 4, Anna K. 7/12, R.E. $650. LEARY: Charles 40 (laborer), Ann 42, Elizabeth Graham 7, John Royer 32 (laborer). BEYRLEY: John 45 (laborer), Lavinia 28, Elizabeth 5, Amanda 4, John 2. R.E. $800. HOCKER: George 36 (farmer), Elizabeth 28, Fernandez 8, George 6, Christopher 4, Catharine 2. R.E. $4000. STALBY; Jacob 48 (laborer), Harriet 40, Mary Ann 16, Isaac 13, Samuel 10, Elizabeth 8, Jacob 4. R.E. $800. STALEY: Peter 44 (laborer), Sarah Ann 43, Eliza 18, Wil liam 14, Jane 12, Amanda 10, Joseph 7, Ann Catharine 3, Emily 1. R.E. $600. MACLANE: James 31 (laborer), Anna 29, Alexander Steel 31 (laborer). STALEY: Samuel 26 (laborer), Harriet 28, Lindley 5, Walton 4, Frelan 1. R.E. $1600. FISHER: Daniel 52 (smith), Margaret 54, Hannah 29, Har- man 24 (laborer), David 21, Stacy Haines 30 (laborer), Elizabeth Haines 23, Henry 7, Daniel 5, Margaret 3. FREAS: Daniel 57 (farmer), Christiann 52, Mary Ann 31, Ezekiah 23, Margaret Ann 21, Susan 19, Catharine 16, Daniel 13. R.E. $5000. FREAS: Joseph 55 (farmer), Ann 53, Joanna 26, Elizabeth 24, John 21 (none), Caroline 16, Tacy A. 13. R.E. $11,000. DETTRA: Christian 48 (laborer), Jane 45, Eliza 14, Dorothy Makener 72. ADAMSON: Jonathan 65 (toll keeper), Priscilla 64. R.E. $1000. STOCKTON: Charles 57 (farmer), Mary 56, Sarah 17, Eliza 13, George Sampson 30, Hannah Gray 30, William Mere dith 8, Elizabeth Filman 12. R.E. $10,000. FREAS: Walton 28 (laborer), Eliza 22. HILTNER: Elizabeth 53, Catharine 33, Sarah Lare 10, Henry Kline 3, Samuel Hiltner 24 (farmer). R.E. $2500. SHEETZ: Andrew 35 (none), Elizabeth 63, John 8, Elizabeth 7, Andrew 4, Mary Deterer 36. 344 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

GUILINGER: William 39 (plasterer), Sarah 34, Sylvester 11, Edwin 8, Catharine 5, William 2/12, William Cooke 15, Clarke Davis 21 (plasterer), Jacob Boiser 30 (none), Ja cob Golaver 23 (plasterer). R.E. $4800. GUILINGER: John 67 (laborer), Elizabeth 65, Elizabeth 24, John 21 (plasterer), Andrew 15, Jeremiah 13, Elizabeth 11. R.E. $1800. RHODES: Franklin 27 (taylor), Catharine 27, Hannah 2, William 4/12. POTTS: Jane 40, George 20 (none), Mary 18, Elwood 7, Sam uel 3. MC CLAY: Hannah 77, William 50 (carpenter), Margaret 30. R.E. $1800. STALEY: Charles 37 (farmer), Sarah 23, Sylvester 9, Tyson 7, Elwood 5, Harrison 3, Susan 2, Sabella 3/12. R.E, $5000. RITTENHOUSE: William 27 (wheelwright), Ann C. 28, Ed ward 4, Abraham 2, Emma 1/12, Hiram Wolf 19 (wheel wright), Priscilla Knouse 18, Rachel Knause 21. PRUTSMAN: Isaac 34 (smith), Catharine 29, Harrison 10, Amanda 7. COOKE: Christian L. 30 (smith), Catharine 26, William 8, George W. 5/12. LEVERING: John 58 (farmer), Mariah 60, Susanna 29, Amel ia 17, William Wilson 14, Louisa Cressman 12, Laud. .. Styer 20 (clerk). R.E. $8000. LANDIS: Lewis 25 (miller), Mariah 26, John 2, Catharine 1, CRESSMAN: Samuel 52 (laborer), Mary 56, Henrietta 27, Catharine 14. PIFER [PIPER]: John 29 (laborer), Mary 24, Samuel Fisher 5, Ann Rebecca Pifer 2. HEYDRICK: Caleb 43 (farmer), Sarah 33, Mary 2, Violet Stephenson 13. YERKES: Elizabeth 68, Mira 45, Susan 40, Martha 35, Na thaniel 31 (storekeeper), Anna 25. R.E. $6000. RIGHTER: Morris 61 (farmer), Sarah Corson 31, Rosanna 25. R.E. $1500. WHITEUABSH TOWNSHIP 345

CARN: Henry 45 (limebumer), Mary 29, George 11, Samuel 9, Benjamin 7, Sarah Ann 5, Mary Catharine 3, Anna Eliza 1. R.E. $800. HARRY: Rees 28 (carpenter), Emeline 24, Cecilia 2. GETMAN: John 28 (carpenter), Anna Mirah 28, Benjamin Grouse 22 (carpenter). R.E. $610. MAULSBY: Rachael 51, Matthias Crotty 28 (laborer). R,E, $4000. ELLIS: Joseph 31 (storekeeper), Susan 29, Sarah 2, Mary Wood 62, Charles Thomas 66, Lawrence Egbert 20 (none). R.E. (JE) $3000 (GT) $2000. SHAFFER: Josiah 38 (limeburner), Barbara 40, John 20 (none), George 16, William 14, Catharine 12, Rachael 11, Isaac 9, Mary Ann 7, Sarah Ann 1. R.E. $500. THOMAS: William 36 (laborer), Rebecca 37, Margaret Eg bert 59, Mary Egbert 83, Elizabeth Egbert 23, Emma 18. LUKENS: Peter 52 (storekeeper), Eliza 49, Elizabeth 22, Mary Ann 17, Martha 10, Joshua Jones 18 (clerk). R.E. $4000. CORSON: George 47 (farmer), Martha 45, Samuel 12, El- wood 8, Ellen 3, Marcus 1, Michael Quirk 21 (laborer), Ellen Powers 18, Catharine Jago 21, Robert Corson 19 (none). R.E. $15,500. SHINGLE: William 55, Sarah 45, George 15. R.E. $1000. FULMER: John 50 (farmer), Mary 45, George 25 (teamster), Seth 23 (plasterer), Christianna 21, Catharine 19, John 14, Hiram 11, Henry 8, Hannah 1. R.E. $3500. MCCLELLAND: John 28 (laborer), Sarah 18. CLINTON: Peter 24 (laborer), Mary 20. FIGHT: Andrew 35 (laborer), Abigail 36, John 6, Sarah 4. R.E. $500. VANHORN: John 39 (laborer), Amelia 36, Margaret 14, Ben jamin 9, John 6, Joseph 4, Mary 1. WOOD: Joseph 41 (laborer), Hannah 42, Charles 20 (none), David 17. FIGHT: Daniel 39 (laborer), Catharine 36, Catharine 35 (widow), Ezekial Wood 38 (laborer). R.E. $700. 346 the united states census of isso, Montgomery county

HOLT: John 63 (farmer), Rachael 63, Hannah 28, Tacy 21, James Henry 11. II.E. $3000. WOOD: John 28 (laborer), Phebe 28, Mary 4, George 2, SNOWDEN: Joshua 22 (shoemaker), Anna 55, Robert 17 (none). FREAS: Rachael 50, George 19 (farmer), Susanna 16, Henry , Boyle 14. R.E. $7000. - FREAS: Thomas 29 (farmer), Mary 28, Sarah 3, William 1. FRONFIELD: Jacob 34 (laborer), Sarah Ann 25, Hiram Blee (?) 44 (carter), Emaline Blee 23, Malvina 8, Catharine 5, Rachael 2, Rachel Wittick 28, Emma J. Wittick 1. R.E. (HB) $200. WOOD: Septimus 56 (farmer) Elizabeth 51, Joseph 24, Sarah 20, Harriet 17, John 15, Phebe 12, Charles 9. R.E. $4000. STALEY: John 39 (laborer), Sarah 34, Albert 16 (none), Elizabeth 12, Anna 11, Caleb 9, Frederick 5, Isabella 7, Levi 2, Daniel 6/12. R.E. $1600. STONG: William 36 (butcher), Anna Mariah 30, Ruth Ann 8, Phillip 6, Sarah 5, Abigal 3, Henry 2, Cornelia 5/12, Ann Darrah 50, Margaret Holland 16, Charles Johnson 23 (butcher), William Steward 33 (none). R.E. $4000. CLINTON: Laurence 32 (laborer), Ellen 28, Thomas 4, Mary Ann 2, Catharine 6/12. ROBERTS: Isaac 75 (farmer), Mary 49, Isaac 34 (farmer), Hiram 33, Hannah 30. R.E. $10,000. WOOLF: John 59 (carpenter), Susan 58, Mariah 32. R.E. $1500. FLEMING: Robert 35 (laborer), Mary 68, Catharine 33, Mary Cunningham 4, James Cunningham 2, Mathew Cunning ham 40 (laborer). CUSCADEN: John 28 (laborer), Mary 19, John J. 3/12. WOODS: James 46 (laborer), Eliza 48, Samuel 18 (moulder), Andrew 16 (none), James Quinn 40 (laborer), David Henderson 30 (laborer), Samuel Stephenson 32 (laborer). BOGGS: William 33 (laborer), Susan 35, Martha 9, Eliza 7, Mary 5, Margaret 7/12. THOMAS: Jacob 36 (laborer), Sarah 31, Mary 11. R.E. $2500. WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 347

THOMAS: Marshall 28 (farmer), Martha 35, William 6, Mary 2, Elizabeth 2/12, Solomon Gilbert 28 (weaver), Eunis Bugle 18, Henry Potts 22 (clerk). WOOLF: Jonathan 32 (engineer), Margaret 27, Sarah 7, Caleb H. 4, Ghaning 1, Catharine Wcolf 77. R.E. $1500. MAGELIGAN: Hugh 40 (laborer), Hannah 40, Patrick 7, Catharine 6, Mary 4, John 3, Ellen 6/12. MAGELIGAN: Thomas 29, Sarah 28, Hugh 4, Catharine 2, Robert 2/12, Daniel 40 (laborer). FAUST: Charles 62 (laborer), Sarah 54, Mary Ann 30, Wil liam 22 (carpenter), Emma Maguire 3. R.E. $1000. MAGELEGAN: William 28 (laborer), Jane 25, John 10/12, John Macollen 33 (laborer), George McDonell 28 (la borer) . MCDONELL: Daniel 30, Ann 24, George 3, Patrick 1. MURPHY: William 32 (laborer), Ellen 30, Rosanna 3/12, Catharine Lukens 48, Ann 24, Mary 17, Sarah 8, Sarah Lukens 77, John Thompson 36 (mule driver), Jeremiah Thompson 21 (mule driver). THOMAS: Ely 23 (laborer), Sarah 25, Mary Ann 1, John 2/12. YETTER: Beneval 29 (laborer), Sarah 26, Ada 3, Angelina 2. SMITH: Christopher H. 29 (clerk), Mary W. 22, Clarence M. 6/12. LIGHTCAP: Solomon 51 (laborer), Hannah 19, Ann 10. DETTRA: Nathan 56 (farmer), Margaret 51, Christian 25 (none), John 19 (none), Jacob 16 (none), Mary Ann 12, George 10, Horace 9, Mary White 90. R.E. $2500. TOMPKINS: Jonathan 36 (shoemaker), Ann 35, Catharine Ann 10, Elizabeth 8, Isaac 6, John 5, David 1, Jonathan Marple 38 (shoemaker). BISBING: Joseph 52 (farmer), Susan 58, William 26 (farm er), Euphemia 22, Sarah 20, Josephus 17 (none), William Dougherty 20 (none). 348 XJinXED STATES CENSUS OP 1860, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

KIRKNER; Joseph 59 (farmer), Elizabeth 52, George 22 (farmer), Joseph 19 (farmer), Elizabeth 16, Daniel 12, Henry Clay 4, Chas. Taylor 30 (M) (none), Isabella De- Haven 10. R.E. 140,000. DEWEESE: William 68 (laborer), Mary 49, William 17, Josiah 20, Mary 15, Lena 10. VAN DYKE: John 81 (none), Mary 82, Harriet Lowery 12. R.E. $6000. HART: John 40 (carpenter), Marira 35, Samuel 16 (none), Caroline 10, William 8, John 4, Mary 2. GULP: Samuel 54 (hotel keeper), Catharine 49, Samuel 21 (none), Mary 15, Elizabeth 13, Cadelia 11, Caroline 7, Martin 6, George Bilger 68 (none). R.E. $6000. COOKE: Christopher 29 (smith), Catharine 27, William 2, George 3/12, Cornelia Smith 9. MASTERSON: Elizabeth 59, Emaline 21, Alfred Phleger 17 (none), Margaret Phleger 30, Mary Linebough 62, Jacob Linebaugh 22 (carpenter). R.E. $1000. HELLINGS: William 42 (farmer), Catharine 42, Elizabeth 22, Margaret 19, Sarah 17, Henry 14, William 12, George 8, Christopher 4. R.E. $4500. KERPER: Levi 30 (carpenter), Mary 27, John 6, Charlotte 4, George 6/12. R.E. $1200. FISHER: Henry 27 (carpenter), Mary Ann 33, Ann 4, John 1, Anna Bisson 65. R.E. $1200. FREASE: Hiram 28 (smith), Elizabeth 25. FISHER: Margaret 56, Samuel 32 (carpenter), Louisa 22. R.E. (MF) $1500 (SF) $1200. MACOY: Ellick 40 (laborer), Catharine 42, John 19 (none), William 15, James 6, John Taylor 27 (laborer), John Mann 20 (none), Joseph Ross 19 (none), James Christy 27 (laborer), Mary Christy 30, George 7, Mary 5, John 3. STALEY: William 42 (none), Hannah 35, Ezekiel 16 (none), Charles 15, William 13, Mary 10, Daniel 8, Augustus 5, Andrew 4, Reuben 3. R.E. $850. FREASE: Benjamin 30 (shoemaker), Frances Ann 24, Sarah 1. R.E. $850. WHITEMABSH TOWNSHIP 349

HAINES: Joseph 27, Mirah 26. FILLMAN: Peter 38, Mary 40, Martha 13, Henry 6, MACLAIN; Charles 30 (laborer), Eliza 30, Rachel 11/12, John Weir 28 (laborer). ANDERSON: John 28 (laborer), Catharine 25, Ann 1, James 3/12, Robert Fulerton 22 (laborer), Dugal Fulerton 18 (laborer). STREEPER; Leonard 25 (laborer), Hannah 24. LENTZ: John 50 (farmer), Elizabeth 51, Catharine Wallace 56, Anna Wallace 54, Mary Corson 52, Sarah Mathews 26, Mary Corson 24, William Wallace 8, Charles Armstrong 24 (none). R.E. (MG) $12,000. DAVIS: John 46 (teamster), Elizabeth 44, Clarke Davis 21 (plasterer), Elizabeth 17, Evan 11, Robert 6, Ezra Rode- bach 21 (teamster), Perry Filman 35 (B) (teamster). WILLS: Michael 35 (tailor), Esther 36, Charles Deweese 25 (smith). DARRAH: John 24 (laborer), Margaret 22, William Macanel (?) 30 (laborer). RIGIN: Martha 25 (laborer), Ann 25, Michael Delany 20 (shoemaker). FREASE: Samuel 38 (carpenter), Catharine 38, Daniel 8, Edwin 6, Allen M. 2/12. R.E. $1200. STALEY: William 84 (none), Elizabeth 76, Daniel 26, (labor er) , Eliza Ann 18. R.E. $1000. LOWERY: Susanna H. 43, Leod--ia W. 13, Robert H. 9, Jo seph Fisher 27 (carpenter), Martha Fisher 26, George M. Dallas 4, Harrison 2, Harman Y. 9/12, Elizabeth Deweese 56. R.E. $1000. DAGER: George 41 (wheelwright), Catharine 15, William 12, Jonathan 9, Catharine Woolf 26, Sylvester Cressman 23 (wheelwright), George Cressman 21 (wheelwright), George Fratt 23 (smith). R.E. $2000. FIE: Andrew 55 (farmer), Maria 48, Phillip 28 (farmer), Susanna 23, Sophia 21. R.E. $6000. FREASE: William 52 (farmer), Catharine 49, Margaret Davis 16, Angelina Keely 9. R.E. $7000. 350 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGtOMERY COUNTY

JOHNSON: William 45 (laborer), Mary 50, William Hillors 9. COLWELL: Alexander 32 (laborer), Rosanna 37, Ezekial 10, Daniel 8, John 5, Arthur Farrier 55, Neal Hill 25 (labor er), John Kilpatrick 25 (laborer), Conrad Maloy 27 (laborer). ROBINSON: Daniel 30 (laborer), Ellen 25, James 1. KANE: Charles 35 (laborer), Susan 28, James 1, William Murphy 44, Mary Murphy 35, Mary 5, James 2. MCINTIRE: Robert 36 (laborer), Emaline 33, Catharine 5, Alexander 3, Samuel Mclntire 30 (laborer), Sarah Jane Peacock 10. TAGERT: James 40, Catharine 38, John 8, Wm. McCormick 25 (laborer), Samuel Samson 22 (laborer), James Sam son 20 (laborer), James Thompson 20 (laborer). OILMAN: Samuel 34 (laborer), Mary 35, James 10, Martha 8, Henry 4. FULERTON: James 27 (laborer), Mary 20. DULL: Sarah 69, Mary 30, Nancy 26, Harriet Collar 23, Hen ry Coller 22 (farmer). R.E, $8000. DULL: Abraham 28 (farmer), Ann 23, Calvin J. 2. R.E. $2700. BISBING: George 59 (farmer), Sarah 59, Albertis 16, Clara 14, Isaac 12, William 10, Catharine 7, Elizabeth 5. FRACT [FRATT]: William 35 (laborer), Mary Ann 30, Sarah 8, Henry 5, James 3. SHEPHERD; John 49 (farmer), Mariah Streeper 36, Henry Kerper 28 (farmer), Sarah H. 26. R.E. $7000. COULSTON: Grace 43, Ann 14, Sarah 9, John Engle 40 (labor er), James Peirce 30 (carpenter), Samuel Eddleman 20 (carpenter), Hiram Detts 18 (carpenter). Job Tyson 17 (carpenter). R.E. $1500. BOLTON: Jephemiah 27 (plasterer), Belinda 24, Mary 3, Catharine 1, David Bolton 19 (plasterer), R.E. $800. CARN: Philip 48 (lime burner), Eliza 42. R.E. $800. CARN: Joseph 50 (lime burner), Catharine 48, Margaret. R.E. $775. JOHNSON; Henry 27 (lime burner), Elizabeth 25, Joseph 2. R.E. $720. WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 351

BAKER: John 45 (laborer), Rebecca 40, Lydia 20, John 10, Rebecca 10 (twins), Charles 8, George 1, Joseph 18 (none). MAGIGAN: Sarah 40, Michael Rodeback 24 (none), Mary J. 23, Jane Jones 56. GREEN: Charles 26 (tailer), Mary 26, William 7, Beulah 5, Martha 2. GARRETSON: Isaac 40 (cordwainer), Sarah 35, Ann 2, Mary 1, Eliza Garretson 35, Mary Ann Rowland 37, John Coulston 32, David McFee 21 (cordwainer). R.E. $5000. RODEBACK: Michael 60 (none), Nathan 36 (laborer), Mar garet 33, Elizabeth 12, Benjamin 10, Charles 8, Catharine 5, William 3, Margaret 1. R.E. $700. JONES: Mark 37 (wheelwright), Eliza 35, Ephraim 13, Rex M. 11, George E. 6, Eliza F. 3/12, Ann Deweese 15, Alex ander Geary 56 (laborer). R.E. $11,000. LARE; Joel 42 (B. Smith), Mary 42, Joseph 12, Joel 6, Willi am Donelly 19 (B. Smith), Sarah Lare 65. R.E. $1800. WILLS: Jeremiah 43 (tailor), Mary Ann 40, Henrietta 20, Ann Elizabeth 17, Violet 15, Adeline 9, Clarissa 7, How ard 5, Caroline 3, Alfred 14, John Ottey 40, (laborer), Luke Corson 35 (B. Smith), John Lehman 21 (mason). R.E. $1500. HITNER: Henry S. 35 (farmer), Margaret 33, Catharine 11, Mary 9, Margaret 8, Sarah Ann 7, Aletha 5, Anna 2, Susan 2/12, Henrietta Dager 16, Edward Ryan 30 (farm er), James Thompson 23, Catharine Ryan 26, Catharine Lare 18. R.E. $65,000. CRESSON: James 43 (farmer), Mary J. 44, J. Clarence 15, Wm. L. 10, Frances C. 6, Mary 5, James C. Bradford 15, Mary O'Connor 35, Ann O'Connor 20, John Neois 26 (B), R.E. $45,000. O'TOOL: Peter 50, Mary 49, James Kennedy 12, Bridget Horaty 19. R.E. $6000. CORSON: Hicks 34 (Hmebumer), Emily H. 27, Henry H. 2, George 1, Cynthia Caldwell 40, Mary Caldwell 8, James Denny 17 (none). R.E. $4000. READ: Andrew 39 (laborer), Elizabeth 29. R.E. $700. 352 UNITED STATES CENSUS OP 1850, MONTGOMEBY COUNTY

SANDS: Mahlon 43 (laborer), Isabella 33, Hannah 15, Charles 12, Wm. 10, Mahlon 7, Samuel 1. R.E. $1475. DAVIS: Luke 32 (carpenter), Elizabeth 34, Rebecca 6, Rebec ca Davis 63. R.E. $1500. CORSON: Allen W. 62 (surveyor), Mary 64, Patrick Kane 25 (laborer). R.E. $7000. STYER; Isaac 24 (farmer), Martha 23, David Murphy 16 (none). PHILLIPS: Catharine 45, Sarah 43. R.E. $2000. ROBERTS: Massy 34. DEWEES: Samuel 38 (farmer), Elizabeth 34, Mary 15, Har rison 14, Elizabeth 10, Jonathan 8, Charles 4, Andrew Miller 40 (laborer). R.E. $2600. DEWEES: Jonathan 46 (farmer), Charlotta 44, Joel 19, Samuel 18, Henry 15, Ann Eliza 5. R.E. $4000. JOHNSON: Henry 63 (farmer), Elizabeth 65, Henry 23 (none), Deborah Dewees 25. R.E. $4000. THOMPSON: John 50 (laborer), Ann 49, Mary 14, Eliza 12, John 8. R.E. $400. FIGHT: Catharine 75, Elizabeth 43, Sarah Bush 21, Ann Bush 3, Francis Fight 39 (laborer), Eliza Ann 27. R.E. $600. SCHLATER: Isaac 65 (laborer), Susannah 35, Louisa Body 40, Daniel Body 28 (none). FETTER: Joseph 50 (hotel keeper), Catiiarine 34, Mary Eliz abeth 10, Michael Walker 28 (laborer), William Sentman 30 (segarmaker), George Peterman 11. HOUPT: Samuel 56 (mason), Isabella 66, Elizabeth Tivarts 53. R.E. $24,000. MACALESTER: John 56, Rachael 46, John 20 (none), Cath arine 18, James 14, Elizabeth 10. R.E. $1400. WILLIAMS: Charles 35 (farmer), Hannah 30, Joseph 6, Tacy 4, Annie 4 (twins), Martha 1, Oliver Lockes 14, Jane Teven 13, Margaret Reed 18, Sarah A. English 18, Jacob Queen 25 (M). R.E. $27,000. WHITBIIARSH TOWNSHIP 353

WILLIAMS: Isaac 31 (fanner), Mary H. 27, Edward P. 4, Henry 1, David McCandels 23, Edward Quin 14, Mary Jane Sinclair 13, Julia Ford 12. R.E. $18,000. COULSTON: Thomas 35 (farmer), Elizabeth 72, William Kitler 50 (farmer), Mary Kitler 43, Adam Hofman 83 (none), Thomas Rasner 21 (none), Archabald Macales- ter 22 (none), Eliza Marfit 35, Henry Steward 13. MCCREA: James 35 (Doctor), Aim T. 34, Mary 9, James 2, Adam Sevilmaine 49 (laborer), Margaret 34, Cecelia Spare 16. R.E. $20,000. NEIMAN: Joseph 47 (farmer), Matilda 44, Mary Ann 24, Amelia 19, Sarah Ann 17, Louisa 12, Margaret 6, Joseph Malsberger 14, Joshua Myers 22 (none), William Jones 1. DETTRA: Christian 47 (farmer), Martha Ann 42, Sarah 20, Price 18 (none), David Winkle 17 (none), Hannah Dettra 14, Phebe 11, Lewis 5, James 4, Anna 2, Charles 4/12. WATSON: Jeremiah H. 43 (B) (none), Elizabeth 28 (B), Sarah 8 (B), George Hacker 33 (B), Ann 29 (B). CLEAVER: Silas 29 (miller), Mary 24, John 27 (miller), Hannah 22, James Barnett 20 (none). R.E. $9000. PHIPPS: Peter 57 (farmer), Lydia 58, Joseph 21 (farmer), Samuel 19 (none), William 17 (none), Margaret 15, Lydia 16. R.E. $13,000. YEAKLE: Samuel 35 (farmer), Charles 24 (farmer), Abra ham 20 (farmer), Sabina VanWinkle 19, Mary Beacom 20. R.E. $30,000. YEAKLE: William A. 26 (farmer), Caroline 24, Catharine Hallman 11, Ann Schultz 60, Salena 26, Ellen 24. R.E. $2000. AIMAN: Samuel H. 30 (farmer), Elenor 29, Virginia 2, Jo sephine 1, John 13, Mariah Heist 16, John Miller 26 (none), Elijah Dennis 22 (none), Edwin Aiman 21 (butcher). R.E. $9000. VAN WINKLE: Joseph 48 (laborer), Hannah 45, Joseph 6, Hannah 10, Edwin 3. LARE: George 57 (laborer), Jane 22, George 19 (mason), Sylvester 11. 354 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

PHIPPS: Jonathan 47 (laborer), Mary 47, Hiram 18. CHILDS: James 38 (farmer), Mary 29, John 7, Jesse 3, Chalkly 2, John Bradfield 22 (farmer), Ann McKlney 17, Nathan Holt 68. BROOKS: Isaac 33 (carpenter), Rebecca 28, Margaret 4, Emma 2, Evan 1. R.E. $400. BERKHEIMER: Andrew 34 (carpenter), Hannah 26, Eliz abeth 3, Mary Ann 1. R.E. $2000. WOOD: Emeline 38, Israel Clay Wood 6, John Yetter 72 (none), Mary Yetter 60. R.E. $3500. DAVIS: Jonathan 55 (carpenter), Rachael 50, Elizabeth 15, Isaac 12, Julian Rogers 5, Mary Hughs 4/12.^ R.E. $1000. SMITH: William S. 34 (limeburner), Sarah A. 27, Elizabeth 6, Emily 4/12, John Hensler 25 (none), Charles Moore 27 (none), John Zigler 22 (none), Jane McClenan 18, John Glaspell 13. COULSTON: William 53 (farmer), Hannah 22, Elizabeth 24, James 19 (none), William 12, Hannah Meredith 36, Richard Hill 15, Hannah Meredith 12, Peter Rasener 26 (laborer). R.E. $9000. JEANS: William 67 (farmer), Martha 66, Mary 40, Hannah 35, Martha 28, Ruth 23, Elizabeth 18, William 21 (farm er), Martha 13, William Smith 15, Timothy Boyle 30 (none), Andrew German 22 (none). R.E. $11,500. PHIPPS: Amos 55 (farmer), Susanna 53, Thomas 21 (none), Elias H. 18 (none), Matilda 14, Latitia 14 (twins). R.E. $8000. KILPATRICK: John 26 (laborer), Margaret 25, Rosann 6/12. SMITH: Henry 78 (laborer), Martha 67, Henry 32, (lime- burner) , Margaret 27, Martha Jane 13, Mary 4, Camila 1. EVANS: Samuel 50 (storekeeper), Mary Ann 48, Elizabeth Grafly 16, Margaret Evans 76, David Grafly 50 (store keeper) . R.E. $2500. ANSPACH: Frederick 33 (minister), Elizabeth 28, Virginia 3, John 1, Catharine Case 20, William Leidy 25 (school teacher). R.E. $10,000. WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 355

CORSON: Hiram 45 (Physician), Ann J. 37, Edward C. 15, Jo seph 13, Caroline 11, Tacy F. 9, Charles F. 7, Susan 5, Bertha 1, Francis 8/12, Ann W. Jones 37, Isaac Shaw 40 (servant). R.E. $6000. BARNES: George 42 (farmer), Sarah 40, Edwin 14, Eliza 11, Hannah 7, George 4, William Gearhard 23 (none), Robert Fuss 14, Rachael Macalester 17, George Cam 28 (black smith) , Susan Cam 27, Margaret 8/12, John Grant 25 (B. Smith). DICKINSON: Henry 51 (farmer), Mariah 50, Elizabeth 30, Angeline 25, Albert 23 (farmer), Emiline 18, Henry 15, Israel 11, Thomas 8. R.E. $6000. WENTZ: George 33 (farmer), Sarah 25, Margaret 6, Cath arine 4, Jacob 2, Alexander Harrison 18. R.E. $5000. KENDERDINE: Chalkly 45 (farmer), Ann 44, Tacy 21, Sarah 17, Latitia 12, Elizabeth 10, Chalkly Bright 15, William Sample 26 (none). FARINGER: Mathias 48 (shoemaker), Pamela 33, Emma 6, Joseph 4, Ann Catharine 1, Charles Faust 28 (shoe maker), William Nuss 21 (shoemaker), Elmira Smith 19, Jonathan Butler 14. R.E. $2200. ROBINSON: Frederick B. 48 (farmer), Mary Ann 43, Hannah Ann 18, Joseph 16, George Frederick 14, Mary Jane 10, Howard 6, Thomas 4, William Ryser 22 (none), Catharine Sentinger 19. R.E. $10,000. WAMPOLE: John 64 (laborer), Elizabeth 64, Mary 36, Ma tilda Rittenhouse 16, Carolina 9, Fannie 7, Henry Snyder 2. GRAFLEY: Christopher 42 (farmer), Ann 34, Sarah 13, Margaret 11, David 8, Milton 5, Alicia 7/12. R.E. $2200. KEHR: Francis 50 (farmer), Elizabeth 48, Mary 18, Charles 14, Ann Catharine 12, Hannah 9, John Kehr 74 (none), Frederick Kehr 37 (laborer). R.E. $6000. MATTHIAS: Joseph 58 (laborer), Mary 66, Ellen 27. SLINGLUFF: Henry 50 (farmer), Elizabeth 48, William 24 (carpenter), Samuel 23, (mason), Casper 22 (mason), John 18, Mariah 16, Rachael 14, Hannah 12, Margaret 5, George Creamer 15, Mary Slingluff 83. 356 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1850, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

REIFF: Frederick 85 (farmer), Collom Clime 50 (farmer), Elizabeth Clime 40, Frederick 20 (mason), Albert 18, Mary 14. R.E. $3000. CONRAD: Rees 50 (fanner), Catharine 40, Elizabeth S. 17, David 13, Clara 4, Elizabeth Styer 73, Kate McBride 18, Harriet Pratt 12, James Hart 22, William Harts 12. R.E. $8500. SHEETZ: George W. 47 (hotel keeper), Mary 47, Elizabeth Evans 24, William F. Scheetz 22 (mason), Caroline 20, Ann Amelia IS, Joseph 15, Mary Ann 13, Theresa 11, George 8, John 5, Samuel Schlater 53 (none), Jesse Jago 24, (saddler). R.E. $5000. SMITH: William 26 (wheelwright), Mary 25, Elemina 1, John Dewees 26 (laborer). COOK: Henry 59 (laborer), Mary 66, George 24 (carpenter), Henry 22 (carpenter). MCDOWELL: William 32 (laborer), Catharine 31, Emma 10, Henry 1, Margaret McDowell 70. NUSS: Frederick 60 (farmer), Sarah 56, George 30 (carpen ter), Catharine 26, Henry 24 (shoemaker), Samuel 19, Ann 14. R.E. $3000. SCHLATER: John 48 (farmer), Hannah 43, Ann Catharine 19, Francis 18, Martha Jones 15, Bartley Jones 13, James Conner 20, John Nuss 28 (mason). R.E. $5600. HADDEN: James 31 (farmer), Ann B. 38, Mary 6, Hannah 1, George W. Schlater 26 (farmer), Sarah Ann Schlater 23, Ulrich 82 (weaver), James Lowden 55 (laborer). R.E. $2500. SHEAFF: George 70 (farmer), Ann Catharine 69, Frederick 42 (farmer), Ann Catharine 88, Mary 34, Ellen 32, Henry M. 35, John D. 27, Catharine 16, Ellen F. 18, Catharine Keough 38, Bridget McDermot 20, Catharine Dungan 26, Ann Cassady 21, Lewis Martin 20 (B) (none). R.E. $300,000. WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 357

COAR [CORE]: Thomas 35 (farmer), Silas 6, Seth 10, Amos 8, Mary 4, Thomas 2, Franklin Walker 26 (laborer), John Wolf 43 (laborer), Jacob Eddinger 43 (laborer), John Ghalmer 30 (gardener), William Roof 46 (laborer), Eliz abeth Jago 61, Catharine Millican 36. DAVIS: Thomas 41 (farmer), Sarah 37, Mary Ann 6, William Lockane 25 (laborer), Mary Speace 20. DAVIS: Samuel 36 (farmer), Mary 30, Gleorge Rhoads 16, Elizabeth Thomas 14, Abraham D. Lukens 23 (miller), Samuel Maclaran 21 (miller), Margaret Fritzgerald 65, R.E. (AL) $800. FERRINGER: John 54 (fanner), Mary 52, Eliza 20, Sarah B. 18, Rubin 16, Mary Ann 12. R.E. $2000. HALLOWELL: Isaac 39 (fanner), Sarah 38, Sarah Jane 17, George W. 14, Thomas 11, William 8, Ann Eliza 5. CARN: Abraham 67 (school master), Mary 64, Abraham H. 26 (schoolmaster), Sarah Hymas 24, Hannah Hursch 13. R.E. $1200. WENTZ: Phillip.67 (laborer), Susannah 62, Samuel Henry 25, Sarah Henry 29. VAN COURT: Charles 30, Mary 28, Benjamin 12, James 10, Emma 6, Howard 2, Thomas Magraft 17, Mary Jane Mur phy 18, Morris Gorman 32. R.E. $1500. FREASE; Jesse W. 32 (farmer), Ann Catharine 25, William 2, Phebe Wood 10, Andrew Steward 22 (laborer). HILTNER: Jacob 68 (farmer), Catharine 62, Andrew 35 (farmer), Jacob Scheetz 14. R.E. $10,000. BELL: Jonathan 53 (farmer), Martha 38, Eliza 3, Jonathan 2, Elizabeth White 78, Thomas Kyley 24 (laborer), Eliz abeth Kyley 22. R.E. $6000. WILSON: John 79 (farmer), Mary Yerger 40, John Ulmer 8, Ann Virtue 2/12, Robert Thomas 48 (B) (laborer), George Wilson 50 (farmer), Sarah 48, Hannah 20, Martha Ann 19, Oliver 17, Robert Lovady 40 (B) (laborer), Sarah White (B). R.E. $10,000. 358 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1860, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

CASE: Elizabeth 26, Charles 4, Bertah 1, Rubin Ellis 26 (farmer), Mary Ann Ellis 25, Jesse Rush 12. R.E. (EC) $7200 (RE) $1300. GABLE: Jacob 50 (farmer), Eliza 45, John 21 (farmer), Clementine 19, Hester P. 17, Washington 15, Mordecaih 18, Isaac 6, Hiram 4, Mary 2, John Richard 20, Jacob Herschberger 18. R.E. $30,000. RICHEY: Andrew 32 (farmer), Sarah Sherman 30, Peter Clarke 21 (none), Joseph Rees 14. R.E. $3500. WALTON: Atkinson 41 (farmer), Rebecca 3, John Yeager 36 (none). COX: Rubin 31 (limebumer), Eliza Ann 27, Abel 7, Sarah 5, Daniel 3, Mary 1, Amanda Spare 18. R.E. $12,000. SMITH: John 40 (laborer), Estie 34, Alice 11, James 4. RODEBACH: Thomas 54 (lime dealer), Rebecca 51, George 22 (mason), Sarah 17, Charles 14, John 12, Samuel 10, Aaron 7. R.E. $800. BUTLER: Isaac 45 (laborer), Elizabeth 35, Jason 10, Mary 8, Emma 4. VAN HORN: Joseph 39 (laborer), Susan 35, Hiram 15, Wil liam 12, Mary 7, Joel 3. R.E. $600. JACKSON: Thomas (M) 45 (laborer), Jane 36 (M), John 1 (M), Robert Hare 58 (M) (laborer), Elizabeth Hare 52 (M). HARNER: Henry 62 (farmer), Ann 60, John 26 (farmer), Ann 23, Charles 22, Sarah 17, Ann Wentz 13. R.E. $8000. JONES; Benjamin 51 (farmer), Ann 48, John 17, George 13, Rebecca 10, Susan 8, Charles Jones 14 (B). R.E. $9000. HARNER: Charles 26 (laborer), Mary 57. WOLF: John G. 49 (farmer), Mary 42, George 22 (farmer), Edward 20 (farmer), Elizabeth 18, Henry 16, Ann 14, Ann Tenny 11. R.E. $7000. SHEPARD: Catharine 17, Henrietta 15, Sarah 33, Henry Ga- row 2/12. WHITEMARSH TOWNSHIP 359

JACKSON: Henry 60 (B) (laborer), Dianna 42 (M), Boran 7 (M), James 4 (M), Hannah 1(M), Thomas Williams 19 (M) (laborer), Edward Williams 13 (M), Susanna Cox 84 (M). SPARE: Peter 45 (hotel keeper), Angelina 41, Emma 18, Syl vester 22 (none), Jane 15, Charles 12, Samuel Carver 52, (laborer). R.E. $4700. FISHER: George 56 (farmer), Mary 56, Catharine 26, Aman da 19, Susan 14, Abigal A. 12, George 9, Horatio Fegly 30 (tailor), Elizabeth Fegly 24. R.E. $5000. MILLER: William 60 (farmer), Sarah 50, Mary J. Mckee 30, Elenora Mckee 4, Sarah Mckee 3, James Dotts 17, Ann Roberts 8, Winney Glenn 20, William Gorey 39 (none), Soloman Hangen 22 (none). R.E. $30,000. ARTHUR: Robert 27 (laborer), Elizabeth 24, Mary 3, Joseph Lockart 35 (laborer). SHOEMAKER: David 28 (physician), Alicia 20, Sarah Slen- dox 40. ROBERTS: Jonathan C. 40 (laborer), Ann 38, Rebecca 2. MC FADDEN: Andrew 23 (laborer), Mary 19, Mary 1. MARPLE: David 34 (limebumer), Edith 24, William 4, James Culbert 30 (laborer), George Deal 28 (laborer), William Tolan 19 (laborer), Amelia Harner 19. R.E. $2000. SNYDER: Charles 26 (M) (laborer), Mary A. 30 (M), Eme- line Johnson 7 (M), Ann McKenny 25, Roberts Owens 15. FISHER: George 30 (teamster), Sarah 25, Elizabeth 3, Mary 8/12, Richard Wright 22 (none), William Montgomery 19 (none). FISHER: Daniel 54 (farmer), Elizabeth 56, Jacob 26 (team ster), John 19 (farmer), Daniel 17, Sabilla 16, Daniel Frease 7, John Maealester 25 (M) (none). R.E. $7000. COMLY: Joseph 25 (miller), Martha 23, Conrad 27 (none), Benjamin Fisher 18 (miller). REYSBR: Daniel 25 (none), Elizabeth 23, Rebecca 4, Laura 1. CRESS: Margaret 72, Margaret 28. 360 UNITED STATES CENSUS OF 1860, MONTGOMEEY COUNTY

KLINE: John 35 (farmer), Esther 42, Lydia Boyer 14, Mary Kline 2, Perclval Boyer 22 (storekeeper), George Haas 41 (none), Patrick Quinley 22 (none), Timothy Boyle 20 (none), Eliza Queen 19. HILTNER: Samuel 48 (cooper), Sarah 47, Elizabeth 17, Daniel 16, Samuel 13, Sarah 13 (twins), Mary Catharine 7. R.E. $1500. COLLINS: James 34 (founderer), Elizabeth 28, James 8, Mary 6, Sarah 3, Charity Vandyke 54, Elizabeth Shermer 89. Whole Number of Population — 2408 (Male 1230, Female 1178) Attended school with the year — 494 Allpersons bom in Pennsylvania with the following exceptions: Bom in IRELAND BLANEY, Patrick FULTON, Alexander MACANE, John Mary O'CONNER, Catharine Lydia MATTHEWS, Hugh MACANE, Bridget SWEENEY, James RICHARDSON, David Mary Mary WRAY, William GRAVES, John Rachel Mary RANKiN, James CRAWFORD, John TRIG, Thomas Mary LAFFERTY, Solomon MC CULLOUGH, Patrick PAUGH, Margaret Isabella MC CLAY, James REARDOM, Thomas Eliza Margaret MINNIS, Evolin PARKS, George GANNON, Dennis Catharine CANADY, James NEWELL, John RYEN, Peter LYNCH, Elizabeth EGLE, Marble MEON, Henry TRACY, Francis BOYLE, Hmothy WHTTEMABSH TOWNSHIP 361

Born in IRELAND (eont.) JAGO, Catharine CLINTON, Peter ROACH, Catharine Mary TALLY, Michael CLINTON, Laurence MACDONEL, Mary Ellen KING, Ann FLEMING, Robert MC BRIDE, William Mary Ellen Catharine BERNARD, James CUNINGHAM, Mary Mary Mathew Josiah CUSCADEN, John MEREDITH, Mary Mary DAUGHERTY, Margaret WOODS, James BARNHILL, Robert Eliza Jane QUIN, James Martha HENDERSON, David OWENS, Bridget STEPHENSON, Samuel MEREDITH, Ann BOGGS, William WALKER, Robert Susan LAFFERTY, Solomon MAGILIGAN, Hugh Mary Hannah FINIGAN, Patrick MAGILIGAN, Thomas Mary Sarah Barney David Patrick MAGILIGAN, William Lawrence Jane James MACOLLEN, John DUFFIE, James MC DONNELL, George Margaret MC DONELL, Daniel KEYES, John MURPHY, William MAGLANE, James EUen Anna DOUGHERTY, William STEEL, Alexander MACOY, EUick SAMPSON, George Catharine CROTTY, Matthias John QUIRK, Michael William POWERS, Ellen TAYLOR, John 302 the united states census of 18S0, MONTGOMERY COUNTY

Bom in IRELAND (cent.) MC CORMICK, WilUam MANN, John SAMSON, Samuel James ROSS, Joseph THOMPSON, James CHRISTY, James GILMOR, Samuel MAGLAIN, Charles FULERTON, James WEIR, John Mary ANDERSON, John MC FEE, David Catharine THOMPSON, James Ann O'CONNER, Mary FULLERTON, Robert Ann Dugal O'TOOL, Peter ARMSTRONG, Charles Mary DARRAH, John KENNEDY, James Margaret HORATY, Bridget MACANEL, William DENNY, James RIGIN, Martha KANE, Patrick Ann MURPHY, David DELANY, Michael THOMPSON, John COLWELL, Alexander Ann Rosanna MACALESTER, John FARRIER, Arthur Rachael HILL, Neal John KILPATRICK, John Catharine MALOY, Conrad James ROBINSON, Daniel Elizabeth Ellen LOCKES, Oliver KANE, Charles TEVEN, Jane Susan REED, Margaret MURPHY, William MC CANDELS, David Mary QUIN, Edward Mary SINCLAIR, Mary Jane James MACALESTER, Archibald MC INTIRE, Robert MARFIT, Eliza Samuel BOYLE, Timothy TAGERT, James KILPATRICK, John Catharine Margaret WHTTEMABSH TOWNSHIP 363

Bom in IRELAND (cent.) SHOLLER, Henry ABLEWINE, Godfrey MACALESTER, Rachael GNAILY, Frederick HARRISON, Alexander DIPPLE, Elizabeth SEMPLE, William SMITH, Philip MC BRIDE, Kate NAYGEE, Christian HART, James BYRELEY,John HARTS, William MILLER, ^drew CONNOR, James SEVILMAINE, Adam MCDERMOT, Bridget Margaret DUNCAN, Catharine CASSADY, Ann MYERS, Joshua ZIGLER, John MILLICAN, Catherine GERMAN, Andrew LOCKENS, William YERGER, John MAGRAFT, Thomas WOLF, John G. STEWARD, Andrew RICHEY, Andrew Bom in SCOTLAND CLARKE, Peter BEATTY, James TENNEY, Ann GLENN, Winney WRAY, Elizabeth GOREY, WiUiam GALLAGHER, Michael BOYLE, Henry MC FADDEN, Andrew LOWDEN, James Mary CHALMER, John QUINLEY, Patrick KYLEY, Thomas BOYLE, Timothy QUEEN, Eliza Elizabeth Born in ENGLAND Bom in GERMANY BOYTON, Charles SWARTS, Margaret SCHOCH, Mary ANDREWS, William WALTON, Barton SHERD, John DERR, John Ellen SHAFFER, George John B. FOGLE, Joseph Luke MARCHEIMER, Frederick GRINSCIFF, Edward FAINLY, Frederick Ann BYRCLIN, Catherine Joseph MARCHEIMER, Catharine Thomas 864 THE UNITBD STATES CENSU8 OF 1860, MONTGOMEEY COUNTY

Bom in ENGLAND (cont.) BAYARD, Henry,* Sr. - Eliza NACE, Maria JACKSON, Amelia WILLIAMS, William Mary JOHNSON, Mariah David BOWEN, Mary Mary WILSON, James Hannah George STEPHENSON, Violet YOUNG, WilUam JOHNSON. William BROWN, John Mary Mary HILLORS, William Harriet FUSS, Robert POTTS, Jane HADDON, Jamea GARRETSON, Eliza SCHLATER, Sarah Ann ROWLAND, Mary Ann KEOUGH, Catharine DONELLY, William HACKER, George Bom in WALES

EVANS, Thomas Bom in NEW JERSEY THOMAS, William STEVIN, George Rebecca REEVES, Allen R. Bom in CANADA VANDYKE, Henry CHRISTY, Mary Hannah George HAINES, Stacy Mary STOCKTON, Charles HAINES, Joseph Bom in WEST INDIES NEOIS, John WILSON, Josephine A. WILLIAMS, Hannah Bom in DELAWARE ENGLISH, Sarah A. WILLIAMS, Mary H. GREEN, Benjamin GORMAN, Morris CUFF, Solomon JACKSON, Thomas CALDWELL, Cynthia Jane Mary HARE,. Robert WATSON, Jeremiah H. Elizabeth Bom in MARYLAND JACKSON, Dianna BURT, Janet COX, Susanna WHTTEMARSH TOWNSHIP 365

Bom in NEW YORK Bora in OHIO PEACOCK, Sarah Jane HOOKER, George FORD, Julia Bom in VIRGINIA JACKSON, Henry LEWIS, James Caroline Bom in NORTH CAROLINA ANSPACH, Elizabeth HACKER, Ann MARTIN, Lewis Acquisitions Herbert Harley: Collection of scrap books, compiled by the donor, on Isaac Noms, Peter Becker, James Vaux, Christopher Sower, Henry Landis of Ringoes, Hans Landis, the Martyr, the Esterline Family, the Wentz Family, etc. Also other items of interest. Kent Slavin: Booklet—Eden Mermonite Church, Schwenksville, Pa., 160th Anniversary, 1818-1968. Charles E. Childs: Charter of one of the first electric light companies in the United States, Amoux Electric Light Company of Norristown, September 17,1883. Montgomery County Manufacturer's Association: Handsome walnut table, stretcher base, once owned by Adjutant General Thomas J. Stewart (1848-1917). Miss Florence L. Coates: An interesting collection of account books, dockets and ledgers of Samuel Coats (1841-1923), of Borough of Bridgeport. Also a collection of early school books. Octavitis Perin- ckief, His Life of Trial andSupreme Faith, by Charles Lanman, 1879. Mrs. Joseph F. Cottrell: Clothing, letters and mementoes of Colonel Joseph Frederick Cottrell, while a prisoner of war on Corregidor with General Wainwright. Corregidor, The Saga of a Fortress, by James H. and William M. Belote, New York, 1967. Miss Dorothy M. Wright: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition. Volumes V and VI, 1740-1742, and 1743-1745, in memory of her parents, Norris Delaplaine Wright and Gertrude (Miller) Wright. Mrs. Frank B. Moore: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume VII, 1745-1748, in memoryof her mother, Mary Jane (Seltzer) Keller. James Cheston: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume VIII, 1748-1750. Mrs. R. L. Brinson: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition Volume rx, 1750-1753. H. Durston Saylor: ThePennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition. Volume X, 1753-1755. Mrs. Henry B. Brown, Jr.,: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume XI, 1765-1757. Judge and Mrs. Alfred L. Taxis: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint ed ition, Volumes XII and XIII, 1757-1760 and 1760-1762, in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm H. Ganser and Rev. and Mrs. Alfred L. Taxis.

366 BEPORTS 367

Ronald E. Heaton; The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume XIV, 1762-1764. Justices Of The Supreme Court, Identified as Mas- ons, compiled by the donor, Washingrton, D. C., 1968. Albert H. Mainwaring: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume XV, 1764-1767, in memory of his father, Isaac Mainwaring, pioneer in the development of the "Continuous Steel Process" 1890-1901, and who left Pencoyd Iron Works, Peneoyd, Montgomery County, Pa., to become European Representative of the process, 1901-1904. Hon. Richard S. Schweiker: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition Volume XVI, 1767-1769, in memory of his brother, Malcolm Schweik er Jr. Mrs. Wilfred S. Rambo: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Vol ume XVII, 1769-1771, in memory of her husband, Wilfred S. Rambo. An interesting assortment of books and special edition newspapers, including The History of The Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751-1895, and a German catechism not listed by Seidensticker in his celebrated checklist,namely, Der Kleine Catechismus bes fel, D. Martin Luther, printed by Michael Billmeyer, Germantown, 1809. Mrs. Andrew Y. Drysdale: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Vol ume XVIII, 1771-1773, in memory of her father, William Schall. Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Brunner; The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint ed ition, Volume XIX, 1773-1775, in memory of Sarah Jarrett Hilles, the mother of Mrs. Brunner. Mrs. Franklin B. Wildman; The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume XX, 1775-1777, in memory of her aunt and daughter of Theodore Weber Bean, Mary Bean Jones. Silas H. Shoemaker: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, 1779-1780. Mrs. Rebecca Roberts Shelly: The Pennsylvania Gazette, Volume XXI, reprint edition, 1781-1783, in memory of Rebecca Mclnnes who in collaboration with Anna Morris Holstein purchased George Washing ton's Headquarters at Valley Forge to "Save It For The Nation." William L. Hires: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Volume XXIII, 1783-1785. The Hires Family by William L. Hires, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1964. Pedigree of Hires, extracted from the College of Arms, London, Windsor Herald, England. Pedigree of Lawson, as connected with Hires, extracted from the College of Arms, London. Hon. David E. Groshens: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition, Vol- lume XXIV, 1786-1788. Clarke F. Hess: The Pennsylvania Gazette, reprint edition. Volume XXV, 1788-1789. 368 REPORTS

Ellwood C. Pany, Jr.; Manuscript—"Where Did The Nineties Come From?" An address at the 75th Anniversary of Calvary Church of Wyncote, November 2, 1967, compiled by the donor. CarrollD.Hendricks; Reproduction of an iron "drippingpan" circa 1742, identified from the inventory of Rev. Philip Boehm, and cast from an original "kich eisa" (kitchen iron) dug up on the site of an early Hendncks homestead in Lower Salford township. L. Kepner Gottshalk: TheStory Of A Dozen GeneraUone, by 0. W. Siden- er, three volumes. Miss Marian Burman: Original parchment deed with seal, John, Richard and Thomas Penn to Hans Reiff, 319 acres "situate on, or near the branches of the Parkeoming Creek", bounded by lands of Gabriel Shouler, Jacob Hooffman, Jacob Reiff, and the vacant lands of Andrew Lederach; being part of 3000 acres granted to be surveyed by David Powell, September 10, 1717; recorded Philadelphia Deed Book "A", August 21, 1734. Two books of fiction by Charles Heber Clark, of Conshohocken, imder the pen name of Max Adeler, Out Of The Hurly Burly, 1874, and Elbow Room, 1876. All three items from the Estate of Flora M. Jones. Arthur Buchanan Orem: Orem Family, a collection of worksheets on the descendants of William Orem and Rebecca Beale, as compiled by the donor, 1968. The Commissioners of Montgomery County, and Hon. Alfred L. Taxis, Jr.: The will of Charles Thomson, First Secretary of Continental Congress, dated January 29, 1822, placed in the custody of The His torical Society of Montgomery County by a Court Order of January 28,1965. Dr. David K. Bums: Case of 150 Steel Tooth Forms patented September 27, 1910, and made by The Central Tool Company, Providence, R. I., with S. S. White Dental Mfg. Co., as sole agent. S. A. Hargrave: Ambler Family of Pennsylvania, 1688-1968, by Frank Rhoades Ambler, Sr., privately printed, 300 copies, November, 1968. Books acquired by purchase: Family of Hans Michael and Maria Veronica Horlacher, by L. J. and Vanetta Horlacher, Lexington, Kentucky, 1968. Pennsylvania, The Heritage Of A. Commonwealth, by Sylvester K. Stevens, Three volume, 1968. Early American Gunsmiths, 1650- 1850, by Henry J. Kauffman, New York, 1952. Other donors to whom we are grateful: Mrs. George W. Wood, Sr., Mr. H. C. Palm, Mr. Stanley C. Thomas, Irvin S. Rubin, Esq., Mr. J. Herbert Francis, Mrs. Vincent Godshall, Mr. Edwin M. Markel, Mr. John W. Sutch, Mr. A. S. Graham, Sr., Mr. W. R. Wonsidler, Miss Emma Christian, Mrs. John A. Bown, Estate of Mrs. Horace C. Cole- man, Sr., Mr. Elroy Keller, Mr. Carl D. Bucholz, Jr., and Dr. William ShainlineMiddleton. JANE KEPLINGER BURRIS The November Meeting November 16,1968

The regular meeting of the Historical Society of Montgomery County was convened at 2 P.M. at the building of the Sodety, with President Taxis presiding. The minutes of the meeting of April 27, 1968 were read and approved. Mrs. Burris read the list of the eighteen members sponsoring volumes of the reprint edition of the early Philadelphia newspaper, The Pennsyl vania Gazette, 1728-1789, Mention was made of the Petition for Preserving Plymouth Meeting, and the members were asked to sign following the close of the meeting. President Taxis intxoduced Mervin G. Sneath who read an interest ing paper, THE RELIGION OF THE PRESIDENTS. At the dose of the meeting the Hospitality Committee served punch and cakes. Eva G. Davis Recording Secretary

The February Meeting February 22, 1969

The annual meeting of the Historical Society of Montgomery County was convened at 2 P.M. at the building of the Society, with Vice-President Brunner presiding. The minutes of the meeting of November 16, 1968 were read and approved. Howard Gross, Treasurer, read his report for the year 1968. This showed an aTimial income of $15,839.84 and annual apenditures of $15,926.27, leaving a cash balance of $378.61. The report had been duly audited by Earl R. Roth and Dorothy R. Prick, and upon a motion duly seconded and passed it was received and ordered filed. Mrs. Johnson read the report of the Nominating Committee with the following nominations:

869 President Trustees Hon. Alfred L. Tasis, Jr. Herbert T. Ballard Merrill A. Bean Vice-Presidemts Kirke Bryan, Esquire Robert B. Brunner, Esqaire Norris D. Davis J. A. Peter Strassbnrger Mrs. Andrew Y. Drysdale Hon. Robert W. Honeyman Donald A. Gallager, Esquire Recording Secretary Hon. David E. Grodiens Eva G. Davis Howard W. Gross Corresponding Secretary Kenneth H. Hallman Mrs. Earl W. Johnson Arthur H. Jenkins Ellwood 0. Parry, Jr. Financial Secretary William S. Pettit Mrs. LeRoy Burris John F. Reed Treasurer Hon. Alfred L. Taxis, Jr. Howard W. Gross Mrs. Franklin B. Wildman

There being no further nominations from the floor, it was moved and seconded that the report of the Nominatii^ Committee be adopted, and the nominations were declared closed. Upon a motion duly seconded and passed the Secretary was directed to cast a collective ballot for the nominees. This being done the nominee were declared duly elected for the ensuing year.

Mr. Brunner introduced Dr. John L. Cotter who spoke on VALLEY FORGE AND THE FUTURE OP HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. The talk was supplemented with colored slides.

At the close of the meeting the Hospitality Committee served tea and dainty sandwiches. Eva G. Davis Recording Secretary

370 Report On Membership NEW MEMBERS (Elected November 16, 1968) Mr. & Mrs. Artiiur A. Alderfer Miss Edytiie Esbenshade Mrs. John A. Beard Eugene L. Lacek Russell S. Butterweck Miss Ruth E. Lowry Dr. & Mrs. Robert A. Buyers Anthony Paul March Travis Coxe Mrs. Evelyn K. Schlegel William B. Daub Mrs. N. James Simler Mrs. W. S. Detweiler, Jr. Robert M. Sullivan LIFE MEMBERSHIP Hon. Richard S. Schweiker

DEATHS Dr. Russell C. Erb Rev. Robert J. Gottschall John H. Halford John Neely Mears Mrs. Christine Schultz Shearer NEW MEMBERS (Elected Februaiy 22, 1969) Charles W. Barclay Miss Evelyn V. Leichthammer Mr. & Mrs. George Bartleson Mr. & Mrs. William B. Mattern Dr. Bruce Carney Mrs. Edna Grubb McClure William W. Focht Mrs. Harold J. Miller Mrs. Allen C. Harman Mrs. Manrico A. Troncelliti Mr. & Mrs. J. C. Henderson Mrs. Chase Whltaker TRANSFERRED TO LIFE MEMBERSHIP Rev. Luther F. Gerhart

DEATHS Perdval E. Foerderer Mrs. Horace H. Francdne Ernest E. Heim Paul E. Shipe

PRESENT STATUS OF MEMBERSHIP Life 60 Annual 611 Affiliates 6 Subscriptions 43

Total 723 HELEN W. M. JOHNSON Gorreaponding Secretary

371 Treasurer's Report January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1968 RECEIPTS EXPENDITURES Montgomery County Salaries, Wages, Tax 6,828.30 Commissioners Maintenance and Utilities 1968 Grounds 728.75 appropriation $8,000.00 Building 395.28 Publication Telephone 130.45 aid 1,800.00 4,800.00 Gas, electric 834.91 Membership Dues 2,854.00 Water, sewer, Trust Funds and Interest. fire pr. 57.06 2,146.45 J. E. Cope 701.68 General Administration W. H. Reed 718.68 Insurance 685.04 S. F. Jarrett 2,016.06 Equipment 658.95 Building Fund 473.22 Supplies, Permanent postage, etc. 446.58 Fund 624.71 Hancock Tomb M. H. Beidler 288.19 4,761.54 Care 30.00 Service Fees and Donations Outing 401.04 Arcadia Books and Foundation 1,000.00 binding 1,029.90 Pennsylvania Bank Service 20.11 3,271.62 Gazette 720.00 Bulletin Published Copy-Mite Printing, donations 100.00 cuts, etc. 3,440.25 Service Pees, Postage, donations 281.60 2,101.60 copyrights 82.00 3,522.25 Sales and Subscriptions Transfer of Funds To Society Life publications 282.16 Member (PP) 100.00 Other Sales and Receipts Microfilm advance Outing 486.00 repaid (BP) 1,000.00 Books, maps, To certificate charts, etc. 664.65 1,040.66 (CB&TC) 67.65 1,167.65

$ 16,839.84 $ 16,926.27 Balance on hand Jan. 1, Balance on hand Dec. 31, 1968 465.04 1968 378.61

$ 16,304.88 $ 16,304.88 Audited and Found Correct Jaunary 30, 1969 Earl R. Roth Dorothy R. Frick

372 The Historical Society of Montgomery County hag for its object the preservation of the civil, political and religious history of the county, as well as the promotion of the study of history. The building up of a library for historical research has been materially aided in the past by donations of family, church and graveyard records; letters diaries and other manu script material. Valuable files of newspapers have also been contributed. Hiis public-spirited support has been highly appreciated and is earnestly desired for the future.

Membership in the Society is open to all interested persons, whether residents of the county or not, and all such persons are invited to have their names proposed at any meeting. The annual dues are $5.00; life membership, $100.00. Every mem ber is entitled to a copy of each issue of The Bulletin, free. Additional copies, $1.50 each.

Historical Building, 1654 DeKalb Street, Norristown, with its library and museum, is open for visitors each week day from 10 A.M. to 12 M. and 1 to 4 P.M., except Saturday after noon. The material in the library may be freely consulted dur ing these hours, but no book may be taken from the building.

To Our Friends Our Society needs funds for the furthering of its work, its expansion, its growth and development. This can very nicely be done through be quests from members and friends in the disposition of their estate. The Society needs more funds in investments placed at interest; the income arising therefrom would ^ve the Society an annual return to meet its needs. Following is a form that could be used in the making of wills:

1 HEREBY GIVE AND BEQUEATH TO THE

HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,

PENNSYLVANIA. THE SUM OF

DOLLARS r$ )