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Fourteenth Amendment FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS GUARANTEED PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF CITIZENSHIP, DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION CONTENTS Page Section 1. Rights Guaranteed ................................................................................................... 1671 The Fourteenth Amendment and States’ Rights ............................................................. 1671 Citizens of the United States ............................................................................................ 1671 Privileges or Immunities .................................................................................................... 1674 Due Process of Law ............................................................................................................ 1678 Generally ...................................................................................................................... 1678 Definitions .................................................................................................................... 1679 ‘‘Person’’ ................................................................................................................. 1679 ‘‘Property’’ and Police Power ............................................................................... 1681 ‘‘Liberty’’ ................................................................................................................ 1682 The Rise and Fall of Economic Substantive Due Process: Overview ...................... 1682 Regulation of Labor Conditions .................................................................................. 1689 Liberty of Contract ............................................................................................... 1689 Laws Regulating Working Conditions and Wages ............................................ 1693 Workers’ Compensation Laws ............................................................................. 1696 Collective Bargaining ........................................................................................... 1697 Regulation of Business Enterprises: Price Controls ................................................. 1700 Types of Businesses That May be Regulated ..................................................... 1700 Substantive Review of Price Controls ................................................................ 1703 Early Limitations on Review ............................................................................... 1705 History of the Valuation Question ...................................................................... 1707 Regulation of Public Utilities and Common Carriers ............................................... 1710 In General ............................................................................................................. 1710 Compulsory Expenditures: Grade Crossings, and the Like .............................. 1711 Compellable Services ........................................................................................... 1712 Imposition of Statutory Liabilities and Penalties Upon Common Carriers .... 1715 Regulation of Businesses, Corporations, Professions, and Trades .......................... 1716 Generally ............................................................................................................... 1716 Laws Prohibiting Trusts, Restraint of Trade or Fraud ..................................... 1717 Banking, Wage Assignments and Garnishment ................................................ 1719 Insurance .............................................................................................................. 1720 Miscellaneous Businesses and Professions ........................................................ 1722 Protection of State Resources ..................................................................................... 1724 Oil and Gas ........................................................................................................... 1724 Protection of Property and Agricultural Crops .................................................. 1726 Water, Fish and Game ......................................................................................... 1727 Ownership of Real Property: Rights and Limitations .............................................. 1728 Zoning and Similar Actions ................................................................................. 1728 Estates, Succession, Abandoned Property .......................................................... 1730 Health, Safety, and Morals ......................................................................................... 1732 1665 VerDate Apr 15 2004 14:05 Aug 18, 2004 Jkt 077500 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 8221 Sfmt 8221 C:\CONAN\CON045.XXX PRFM99 PsN: CON045 1666 AMENDMENT 14—RIGHTS GUARANTEED Section 1. Rights Guaranteed—Continued Due Process of Law—Continued Health ................................................................................................................... 1732 Safety .................................................................................................................... 1734 Morality ................................................................................................................. 1736 Vested and Remedial Rights ...................................................................................... 1736 State Control over Local Units of Government ......................................................... 1737 Taxing Power ............................................................................................................... 1738 Generally ............................................................................................................... 1738 Jurisdiction to Tax ...................................................................................................... 1742 Generally ............................................................................................................... 1742 Real Property ........................................................................................................ 1743 Tangible Personalty ............................................................................................. 1743 Intangible Personalty ........................................................................................... 1745 Transfer (Inheritance, Estate, Gift) Taxes ......................................................... 1748 Corporate Privilege Taxes ................................................................................... 1752 Individual Income Taxes ..................................................................................... 1753 Corporate Income Taxes: Foreign Corporations ................................................ 1754 Insurance Company Taxes .................................................................................. 1755 Procedure in Taxation ................................................................................................. 1756 Generally ............................................................................................................... 1756 Notice and Hearing in Relation to Taxes ........................................................... 1756 Notice and Hearing in Relation to Assessments ............................................... 1757 Collection of Taxes ............................................................................................... 1759 Sufficiency and Manner of Giving Notice ........................................................... 1761 Sufficiency of Remedy .......................................................................................... 1762 Laches ................................................................................................................... 1762 Eminent Domain ......................................................................................................... 1762 Fundamental Rights (Noneconomic Substantive Due Process) ............................... 1763 Development of the Right of Privacy .................................................................. 1763 Abortion ................................................................................................................ 1768 Privacy after Roe: Informational Privacy, Privacy of the Home or Personal Autonomy? ......................................................................................................... 1778 Family Relationships ........................................................................................... 1787 Liberty Interests of the Retarded, Mentally Ill or Abnormal: Commitment and Treatment .................................................................................................. 1789 ‘‘Right to Die’’ ....................................................................................................... 1792 Procedural Due Process: Civil ........................................................................................... 1794 Generally ...................................................................................................................... 1794 Relevance of Historical Use ................................................................................. 1794 Non-Judicial Proceedings .................................................................................... 1795 The Requirements of Due Process ...................................................................... 1795 The Procedure Which Is Due Process .......................................................................
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