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Los Espacios De La Antropología En La Obra De Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, 1894-1938 Ballestero, Diego Alberto Doctor En Ciencias Naturales

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Los Espacios De La Antropología En La Obra De Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, 1894-1938 Ballestero, Diego Alberto Doctor En Ciencias Naturales Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de La Plata http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Los espacios de la antropología en la obra de Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, 1894-1938 Ballestero, Diego Alberto Doctor en Ciencias Naturales Dirección: Podgorny, Irina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2014 Acceso en: http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/id/20140424001338 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Los espacios de la antropología en la obra de Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, 1894-1938 Diego Alberto Ballestero Directora: Dra. Irina Podgorny Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo – UNLP 2013 Tomo I Resumen El propósito de esta Tesis Doctoral es el análisis de las condiciones de posibilidad para las prácticas y el trabajo antropológico en la Argentina de fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Especialmente, se examina la cultura material, las redes de circulación de información, los espacios de encuentro así como las prácticas de observación y registro, a través del análisis de las producciones del antropólogo alemán Robert Lehmann-Nitsche. Se busca relevar cómo se constituyó el “trabajo de campo” a través de los distintos espacios de encuentro y actores que mediaron/intervinieron entre los objetos de estudio elegido, los distintos espacios involucrados y los sectores científicos. Asimismo se busca dar cuenta de las estrategias para obtener información y colecciones así como los distintos circuitos en los que participaron los objetos o individuos estudiados, tal como ferias o exposiciones. Estas cuestiones permiten vislumbrar diferentes aspectos de cómo trabajaron los científicos pero también hablan de la naturaleza colectiva de la producción de conocimientos y de las interacciones con ámbitos no académicos Agradecimientos Primeramente quiero agradecer a mi Directora, Irina Podgorny, por haberme dado la oportunidad de llevar adelante este proyecto con entera libertad. Por brindarme constantemente su guía, su sincero juicio crítico, sus exhaustivas y valiosas correcciones, y su enorme paciencia. A Miguel Saghessi y Marta Roa por haberme abierto las puertas del mundo de la investigación y por su constante apoyo a lo largo de los primeros años. En distintos momentos de esta investigación Silvia Ametrano, Gustavo Politis, Margaret Lopes, Nelia Dias, Barbara Göbel han sabido brindarme su apoyo a través de cartas de presentación a becas, apoyo institucional, sugerencias bibliográficas, y discusión de datos e ideas relevantes que han enriquecido enormemente el resultado final de esta investigación. Mis compañeros de equipo: Máximo Farro, Susana García, Tatiana Kelly, Andrea Pegoraro, Alejandra Pupio y Alejandro Martínez merecen un especial agradecimiento. Por haber contribuido a mi formación académica, soportando estoicamente la lectura de mis primeros trabajos. Por repetir el mismo heroicismo al leer versiones de los borradores de esta tesis, contribuyendo con ideas fundamentales. Pero más que nada por haber sabido estar en los momentos más necesarios de la redacción de este trabajo. Especialmente quiero agradecer al Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schäffner de la cátedra de Historia del Conocimiento y la Cultura del Instituto de Estudios Culturales de la Universidad Humboldt de Berlín. Gracias a él pude realizar una estadía de investigación de 2 años en Berlín, pudiendo acceder a innumerables espacios de formación científica y académica que siempre pensé lejanos. Su paciencia, su erudición y fundamentalmente su enorme calidad humana han sido pilares fundamentales en este proceso. Al grupo de Berlín: Liliana Gómez-Popescu, Ricardo Cedeño Montaña, Nadia Guevara, José Muñoz, y Fabio Schillaci, por escuchar ideas, corregir versiones previas de este trabajo, sugerencias y el aliento constante. En este sentido quiero destacar la invalorable ayuda y las pacientes lecturas de Settimio Pessuoto quien, junto a Lutz Matsche, supieron acompañarme desde mis primeros días en Berlín, y por saber estar. Asimismo debo agradecer a los empleados de las diversas bibliotecas, institutos, bibliotecas y fondos documentales por su paciencia y predisposición al momento de ayudarme a encontrar gran parte del material utilizados en este trabajo. Mi agradecimiento a: la Biblioteca del Museo de La Plata, la Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, la Biblioteca Nacional, el Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, el Archivo General de la Nación, el Archivo del Museo Etnográfico de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. En Alemania debo agradecer especialmente a los empleados de: el Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut de Berlín, el Ethnologisches Museum Berlin Staatliche Sammlungen Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz, la Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, el Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin, y finalmente el Universitätsarchiv der Humboldt- Universität Berlin. Esta investigación fue apoyada institucionalmente por una Beca de Investigación Científica de tipo Inicial otorgada por la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de la Argentina, financiando la investigación entre los años 2008 y 2010. Posteriormente gracias a una Beca Sandwich del Servicio Alemán de Intercambio Académico (DAAD) se pudo realizar una estadía de investigación en la ciudad de Berlín entre los años 2010 y 2012. Asimismo, esta investigación se enmarcó en los proyectos “El mapa de una controversia científica: los debates sobre la antigüedad de la formación pampeana, 1880-1925” (PIP 5675); “El comercio de datos y artefactos en la cultura de las ciencias de los Siglos XIX y XX” (PIP-CONICET 0116), y “Cultura Material y medios técnicos” (PICT 2005 ET 32111), dirigidos por la Dra. Irina Podgorny. A mis amigos de una parte del mundo: Matías Fortunato, Julián Tabuenca, Rada Castillo, Ana Marchetti, Pía Arnedillo, Nahuel González, Alfredo Leaden, Natalia Badino, Solana Vila Moret, Lili, Griselda Späth, Diana Ramos, Mailen de Santis, Mery Braco, Emiliana Carricondo, Gisela Tissone, Matias Ferraro, Ariel Raggio, Federico Biancuzzo. Por haber estado siempre, por haber escuchado (aguantando la risa) aquellas cosas “raras” que estudiaba, y por saber perdonar todas mis llegadas tarde. A los amigos que el estudio de las cosas “raras” me permitió conocer: Gisela Ferraro, Ezequiel Meza Hidalgo, Alexander Araya López, Orlando Venegas Valencia, José Romero, Luis Espinales Delgado, Diego Gormaz Lobo, Claudia Andres, Sabine Gabriele, Enrique Sulbaran Romero, Yarua Jaimes, Mira Cecile Merks, Vanesa Sepulveda Medialdea, Maine Ochoa, Claudia, María Virginia Carrero, Elisa Meza Vilalón y Liliana Zerpa. Por que me acompañaron en la etapa final de este camino e iniciaron uno nuevo. A mi madre Miriam, a mis hermanas María y Letiziá, a mi hermano Ezequiel. Por su amor y su apoyo incondicional. Por creer fielmente en mí en todos estos años. Nada hubiese sido posible sin ellos. A Annika, por su paciencia, por su ayuda, por su enorme conocimiento y por haber soportado siempre con una sonrisa las etapas más intensas de la redacción de este trabajo. Por que gracias al estudio de las cosas “raras” pude conocerla. Pero fundamentalmente por su amor, por su ternura y la enorme alegría de estos años. Finalmente a mi mejor amigo, mi mentor, mi guía y ejemplo: a mi padre Alberto A la memoria de mi padre A Miriam, María, Ezequiel y Letizía A Annika Índice General Tomo I Introducción general……………………………………………………………………01 Algunas cuestiones teórico- metodológicas……………………………………………09 Robert Lehmann-Nitsche………………………………………………………………17 1. La Antropología entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX ........................... 28 2. Caos y orden en la Antropología Argentina…………………………………………… 65 3. El estudio de las colecciones osteológicas del Museo de la Plata .................................. 72 4. La observación sobre individuos vivos: Antropometría y Somatología ........................ 94 5. El estudio de las tradiciones populares ........................................................................ 107 6. La Antropología y las excursiones al campo ............................................................... 150 7. Redes de cooperación ................................................................................................... 190 8. La enseñanza de la Antropología ................................................................................. 222 9. Congresos y sociedades científicas .............................................................................. 255 10. Consideraciones Finales ............................................................................................... 297 Tomo II Bibliografía y Anexos 1 Introducción general El objetivo general de esta tesis es analizar el desarrollo de los espacios de la antropología argentina entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Como ha señalado Bruno Latour, este tipo de análisis implica desentrañar las redes institucionales que envuelven la práctica científica, a fin de poder historizar y contextualizar un objeto en particular que, estabilizado y estandarizado en tiempo y espacio, cobra existencia como objeto científico1. En este sentido Hans-Jörg Rheinberger ha remarcado la necesidad de preguntarse por “[…] the peculiar historical character of scientific objects, or epistemic things and that of our historical narratives, what it means to speak of scientific objects and what it means to organize our stories around them”2. Los espacios
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