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Crop Residues and Livestock Residues BIOENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY RAPID APPRAISAL (BEFS RA) User Manual CROP RESIDUES AND LIVESTOCK RESIDUES 1 BEFS Rapid Appraisal Natural Resources Module __________________________________ Agricultural Residues Component Crop Residues and Livestock Residues User Manual 2 Acknowledgements The BEFS Rapid Appraisal was the result of a team effort to which the following authors, listed in alphabetical order, contributed1: Giacomo Branca (Tuscia University, Viterbo), Luca Cacchiarelli (Tuscia University, Viterbo), Carlos A. Cardona (National University of Colombia at Manizales), Erika Felix, Arturo Gianvenuti, Ana Kojakovic, Irini Maltsoglou, Jutamanee Martchamadol, Luis Rincon, Andrea Rossi, Adriano Seghetti, Florian Steierer, Heiner Thofern, Andreas Thulstrup, Michela Tolli, Monica Valencia (National University of Colombia at Manizales) and Stefano Valle (Tuscia University, Viterbo). Inputs and contributions were also received from Renato Cumani, Amir Kassam, Harinder Makkar, Walter Kollert, Seth Meyer, Francesco Tubiello and his team, Alessio d’Amato (University of Rome, Tor Vergata) and Luca Tasciotti. We would like to thank the Bioenergy and Food Security Working Group in Malawi2 as well as the National Biofuels Board3 and its Technical Working Group in the Philippines for their involvement in the pilot testing of the BEFS Rapid Appraisal and the useful feedback provided. We also wish to extend our appreciation to Rex B. Demafelis and his team from University of the Philippines Los Baños for their valuable support in the pilot testing exercise. The BEFS Rapid Appraisal benefited from feedback and comments provided at a peer review meeting held in February 2014 in FAO Headquarters by Jonathan Agwe (International Fund for Agricultural Development), Adam Brown (International Energy Agency), Michael Brüntrup (German Institute for Development Policy), Tomislav Ivancic (European Commission), Gerry Ostheimer (UN Sustainable Energy for All), Klas Sander (The World Bank), James Thurlow (International Food Policy Research Institute), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho (Inter- American Development Bank), Jeremy Woods (Imperial College, University of London) and Felice Zaccheo (European Commission). Useful feedback was also provided by Duška Šaša (Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar, Zagreb). Furthermore, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to Monique Motty and Ivonne Cerón Salazar for their assistance in finalizing the tools and documents. The work was carried out in the context of the Bioenergy and Food Security Rapid Appraisal project (GCP/GLO/357/GER) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL). 1 Unless otherwise specified, all authors were affiliated to FAO at the time of their contribution. 2 The BEFS working Group in Malawi comprises the following members: Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Lands, Housing, and Urban Development, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and Department of Forestry, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training, Ministry of Transport and Public Infrastructure, Ministry of Information and Civic Education, Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. 3 The National Biofuels Board is chaired by the Secretary of Department of Energy and includes the following members: Department of Trade and Industry, Department of Science and Technology, Department of Agriculture, Department of Finance, Department of Labor and Employment, Philippine Coconut Authority, Sugar Regulatory Administration. 3 BEFS RA User Manual Volumes I. Introduction to the Approach and the Manuals II. Country Status Module III. Natural Resources Module 1. Crops Section 1: Crop Production Tool Section 2: Crop Budget Tool 2. Agricultural Residues Crop Residues and Livestock Residues 3. Woodfuel and Wood Residues Section 1: Forest Harvesting and Wood Processing Residues Section 2: Woodfuel Plantation Budget IV. Energy End Use Options Module 1. Intermediate or Final Products Section 1: Briquettes Section 2: Pellets Section 3: Charcoal 2. Heating and Cooking Biogas Community 3. Rural Electrification Section 1: Gasification Section 2: SVO Section 3: Combustion 4. Heat and Power Section 1: CHP (cogeneration) Section 2: Biogas Industrial 5. Transport Ethanol and Biodiesel 4 BEFS Rapid Appraisal – Agricultural Residues User Manual Table of Contents 1 Overview of the Natural Resources Module ................................................................................................... 3 2 Terms and Definitions in the Agricultural Residues Component ..................................................................... 5 2.1 The Crop Residues Tool ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 The Livestock Residues Tool ..................................................................................................................... 5 3 Scope and Objective of the Agricultural Residues Component ....................................................................... 6 3.1 The Crop Residues Tool ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.2 The Livestock Residues Tool ..................................................................................................................... 7 4 Running the Tools of the Agricultural Residues Component ........................................................................... 8 4.1 Starting the analysis ................................................................................................................................ 8 4.2 Agricultural Residues Tool ..................................................................................................................... 10 4.2.1 Step 1: Selecting the crop-residue type......................................................................................... 10 4.2.2 Step 2: Defining the location of crop residues .............................................................................. 11 4.2.3 Step 3: Defining crop production .................................................................................................. 11 4.2.4 Step 4: Producing crop residues – Residue-to-Crop Ratio............................................................. 11 4.2.5 Step 5: Defining the residues left in the field ................................................................................ 12 4.2.6 Step 6: Estimation of the residues burnt in the field..................................................................... 13 4.2.7 Step 7: Defining the current use of crop residues ......................................................................... 13 4.3 Livestock Residues Tool ......................................................................................................................... 14 4.3.1 Step 1: Cattle production ............................................................................................................... 14 4.3.2 Step 2: Defining the cattle feeding system .................................................................................... 15 4.3.3 Step 3: Production of manure per head per day ........................................................................... 15 4.3.4 Step 4: Swine production .............................................................................................................. 17 4.3.5 Step 5: Production of manure per head per day ........................................................................... 17 4.3.6 Step 6: Chicken production ........................................................................................................... 17 4.3.7 Step 7: Production of manure per head per day ........................................................................... 17 5 The Results of the Agricultural Residues Component ................................................................................... 19 5.1 The crop residues results ....................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 The livestock results .............................................................................................................................. 19 6 Assumptions and Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 22 6.1 Assumptions and limitations of the Crop Residues Tool ....................................................................... 22 1 BEFS Rapid Appraisal – Agricultural Residues User Manual 6.2 Assumptions and limitations of the Livestock Residues Tool ................................................................ 23 7 Annex ............................................................................................................................................................. 25 7.1 Methodology and outputs ..................................................................................................................... 25 7.1.1 Crop Residues Tool ........................................................................................................................ 25 7.1.2 Livestock Residues Tool ................................................................................................................. 26 7.1.3 Databases .....................................................................................................................................
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