DOCSLIB.ORG

It Takes Two to Tango: Entrepreneurial Interaction and Innovation by Joe Tidd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
It Takes Two to Tango: Entrepreneurial Interaction and Innovation by Joe Tidd Innovation It Takes Two to Tango: Entrepreneurial interaction and innovation By Joe Tidd Innovation management focuses too much on processes and What is Conjoint Innovation? tools, whereas entrepreneurship is pre-occupied with individ- Traditional treatments of the lone, heroic, visionary entre- ual personal traits. However, many of the most successful in- preneur fail to account for the frequency of couples or small novations were co-created by multiple entrepreneurs, and it is groups of entrepreneurs in the creation of successful innova- this interaction of talent that is at the core of radical innovation, tive ventures. The latter qualification is important, because what we call Conjoint Innovation. We examine 15 cases, histor- the focus here is on the creation of innovative new ventures, ical and contemporary, to identify what Conjoint Innovation is and how it works. Table. Examples of Conjoint Innovation ince the pioneering work of scholars such as Joseph Schumpeter and Peter Drucker, the fields of Innovation Apple* Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak Sand Entrepreneurship have become two separate and dis- Google* Larry Page & Sergey Brin tinct disciplines. However, this division and specialisation has Facebook* Mark Zuckerberg & Eduardo Saverin resulted in a blind-spot: entrepreneurship has become preoc- Microsoft* Bill Gates & Paul Allen cupied with the personalities of individual entrepreneurs and Netflix* Marc Randolph & Reed Hastings small business creation, and innovation is dominated by cor- Intel* Robert Noyce & Gordon Moore 1 porate R&D and new product development processes. As a Marks and Spencer* Michael Marks & Thomas Spencer result, we have failed to identify and understand an important ARM Mike Muller & Tudor Brown part of innovation and entrepreneurship, innovative new ven- Skype Niklas Zennström & Janus Friis tures created by multiple entrepreneurs, what we call Conjoint Sony Masaru Ibuka & Akio Morita Innovation. If we study recent and historical cases of radical new Rolls Royce Henry Royce & Charles Rolls ventures we find that a significant number of the most successful DNA James Watson & Francis Crick were co-created, by multiple entrepreneurs, and it is this interac- tion of talent that is at the core of Conjoint Innovation (Table). Electrification George Westinghouse & Nikola Tesla We define Conjoint Innovation as “the combination and inter- Steel process Henry Bessemer & Robert Mushet action of two or more entrepreneurs with different capabilities Steam power James Watt & Matthew Boulton to create a novel technology, product, service or venture.” *Ranked “world’s most innovative” rms, http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2011/ 58 The European Business Review September – October 2012 If we study recent and historical cases of radical new ventures we find that a significant number of the most successful were co-created, by multiple entrepreneurs, and it is this interaction of talent that is at the core of Conjoint Innovation. often predicated on the development sharing. The first allowed the transfer and Ford for his process and corpo- or application of technology, rather of voice over the Internet, rather than rate innovations, including the creation than more general start-ups or small conventional telecommunications net- of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel. business formation. The table identi- works, and the other exploited the dis- Sherman Fairchild agreed to fund the fies 15 recent and historical examples tributed computing power of users’ “Traitorous Eights” new venture on the of Conjoint Innovation. This list is not computers to avoid the need for a ded- basis of Noyce’s reputation and vision. representative or comprehensive in any icated centralized server or infrastruc- At Fairchild, Noyce created a climate sense, but is intended to demonstrate ture. Skype was created in 2003 by the in which talent thrived: it was much less that Conjoint Innovation is evident and Swedish serial entrepreneur Niklas structured; more relaxed, team-based significant. Many of these cases are Zennström. Zennström was previously and less hierarchical than at Shockley. well known and have been discussed (in)famous for his pioneering web Arguably this was the archetype for in the popular business press and busi- company Kazaa, which provided a P2P the future culture of Silicon Valley. ness school case studies, but the focus is service, mainly used for the (illegal) In 1968 Noyce left Fairchild to form too often on only one of the more pub- exchange of MP3 music files. He sold a new venture with Gordon Moore licity-seeking founders. However, it is Kazaa to the US company Sharman (also one of the original “Traitorous worth exploring some of these exam- Networks to concentrate on the devel- Eights” from Shockley, and originator ples to illustrate the concept. opment of Skype. He teamed up with of “Moore’s Law”). Five of the original the Dane Janus Friis and together founders of Fairchild Semiconductor Randolph and Hastings, Netflix they built Skype. Zennström had dual funded the creation of Intel (INTgrated Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph degrees in Business Administration ELectronics). Intel’s third employee and Reed Hastings in 1997. Hastings had (BSc) and Engineering Physics (MSc) was Andy Grove, a chemical engineer graduated in maths and computer science, from Uppsala University in Sweden, and credited as its key business and and prior to creating Netflix had experi- and senior professional experience at strategic leader. ence at the software company Adaptive Tele2, a European ISP. In contrast, Technology and had created his own Janus Friis had no formal higher edu- Royce and Rolls, Rolls Royce business Pure Software in 1991, which cation, but had gained customer service Charles Stewart Rolls and Frederick he sold in 1995, for US $750 million. and support experience at CyberCity, Henry Royce originated from con- Prior to founding Netflix, from 1986 one of Denmark’s first Internet service trasting backgrounds and educations. to 1992, Randolph was Vice President providers. He met Zennström in 1996, Charles Rolls was born into the aris- of Direct Marketing, Vice President when he hired Friis to run its customer tocracy, and was educated at Eton and of Corporate Marketing and General support. Friis and Zennström worked Cambridge University, where he dem- Manager of Borland International's together at Tele2 for four years, but onstrated a natural flair for engineering Consumer Products Group, and from in January 2000 they left Tele2 and work and gained a degree in Mechanical 1994 to 1996, he was the Vice President created Kazaa in 2001 to develop and Engineering and Applied Sciences. of Marketing for Visioneer. In 1996, he promote peer-to-peer file sharing soft- In 1902 Rolls established a business became Vice President of Marketing ware and services. selling cars, C S Rolls, which became for IntegrityQA, and at Pure Atria a leading distributor. Royce had a more served as Vice President of Corporate Noyce and Moore, Intel conventional background, the son of a Marketing, where he worked with Robert (Bob) Noyce was one of the miller. He won an apprentice with the Reed Hastings. pioneers of microelectronics, whose Great Northern Railway where he was contribution can be traced all the way trained in engineering, but also taught Zennström and Friis, Skype forward to current entrepreneurs such himself foreign languages, mathemat- Skype successfully combined two as Steve Jobs of Apple fame. He has ics and the fundamentals of electric- emerging technologies to create a new been referred to as the Thomas Edison ity. In 1906 they formed Rolls Royce service and business model for tele- and the Henry Ford of Silicon Valley: Ltd, and in 1907 developed the Silver communications. The two technolo- Edison for his invention and techno- Ghost, which became known as the gies were Voice over Internet Protocol logical innovations, including the co- greatest car in the world. Its production (VoIP) and peer-to-peer (P2P) file invention of the integrated circuit; continued for 20 years. www.europeanbusinessreview.com 59 Innovation Marks and Spencer of commercial electricity. Tesla studied progress for the next decade, until he Michael Marks, a Russian Jewish electrical engineering in Austria, but entered into a partnership with Matthew refugee, first set up a stall in a Leeds left university after one term. In 1884 Boulton. Watt had the technical ingenuity, market place selling homewares under he moved to New York, and began to but Boulton had the capital and commer- the slogan ‘Don't ask the price, it's a work for Thomas Edison in the famous cial knowledge. Together they formed a penny.’ The company was founded Edison Machine Works. Tesla quickly new venture, Boulton and Watt, to exclu- in 1884 by Marks, aged 21. In 1894 progressed and was given the impor- sively manufacture steam engines, and by Thomas Spencer, a cashier at one of his tant task of completely redesigning the 1800 had installed almost 1,500 engines. suppliers, joined him. Spencer decided Edison company's direct current (DC) The new venture represented an early that the £300 required for a half-share generators. However, Edison did not example of a “systems integrator” with in the business would be a good invest- have the mathematical background nec- an innovative business model. The firm ment. The running of the business was essary to fully appreciate the benefits of of Boulton and Watt did not manufac- split between Spencer, who managed alternating current (AC) over DC, and ture steam engines, but instead required the office and warehouse, and Marks, had dismissed Tesla’s ideas for AC gen- their customers to purchase parts from who continued to run the market stalls. eration and transmission. As a result, a number of suppliers, which were then By 1900 he and his partner were operat- Tesla left Edison to work with George assembled on-site. However, Boulton ing 24 stalls and 12 shops, mainly in the Westinghouse at Westinghouse.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Peer-To-Peer Systems
    CSF641 – P2P Computing 點對點計算 Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Systems 吳俊興 國立高雄大學 資訊工程學系 Outline • Introduction –Why P2P • Basic P2P Technologies – Search/Lookup – Centralized – Unstructured – Structured • Comments on P2P 2 Peer-to-peer Model “Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is a way of structuring distributed applications such that the individual nodes have symmetric roles. Rather than being divided into clients and servers each with quite distinct roles, in P2P applications a node may act as both a client and a server.” Excerpt from the Charter of Peer-to-Peer Research Group, IETF/IRTF, June 24, 2003 http://www.irtf.org/charters/p2prg.html Peers play similar roles No distinction of responsibilities 3 Client-server Model Clients and servers each with distinct roles Request Clients Server U11 Service U12 S U13 U21 The server and the network U22 become the bottlenecks and points of failure U32 U31 •DDoS •Flash Crowd 4 Content Distribution Networks U11 U12 CR1 S U13 CRa CRb U21 Overlay Network CR2 U22 CR3 Hosting + Hierarchical Proxies Content Router + DNS Request Routing CR or Peer Node U32 U31 (Akamai, CacheFlow, etc.) Name: lb1.www.ms.akadns.net Addresses: 207.46.20.60, 207.46.18.30, 207.46.19.30, 207.46.19.60, 207.46.20.30 Aliases: www.microsoft.com, toggle.www.ms.akadns.net, g.www.ms.akadns.net Name: www.yahoo.akadns.net Addresses: 66.94.230.33, 66.94.230.34, 66.94.230.35, 66.94.230.39, 66.94.230.40, … Aliases: www.yahoo.com Name: e96.g.akamaiedge.net Address: 202.177.217.122 Aliases: www.gio.gov.tw, www.gio.gov.tw.edgekey.net Name: a1289.g.akamai.net Addresses: 203.133.9.9, 203.133.9.11 Aliases: www.whitehouse.gov, www.whitehouse.gov.edgesuite.net 5 Content Distribution Networks (Cont.) Paradigm ICPs “Serverless ICP” ICPs Shift (Fabless IC Design House) Content Network “Content Foundry” Providers (CNPs) (Semiconductor Foundry) ISPs ISPs I.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Skype Is a P2P (Peer-To-Peer) Voice-Over-IP (Voip) Client Founded by Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis—Also F
    Signals Codes Analog and Digital Signals Compression Data integrity Skype Signals Codes Analog and Digital Signals Compression Data integrity Skype What is Skype? Why is Skype so successful? Everybody knows! Skype is a P2P (peer-to-peer) Voice-Over-IP (VoIP) client founded Because: by Niklas Zennstr¨omand Janus Friis—also founders of the file it provides better voice quality than anybody else (Skype sharing application Kazaa (the most downloaded software ever, transmits the full range of human hearing, 20 Hz to 20KHz Skype’s 309 million registered users have made more than 100 (compare with the best telephone supporting frequencies in billion minutes worth of free Skype-to-Skype calls). the range 300Hz to 3.4KHz); Skype is an application that allows free phone calls between it is reliable and can work almost seamlessly behind NAT’s computers, and extremely cheap calls to (practically) everywhere and firewalls; on Earth! it is extremely easy to install and use (probably the most Skype (founded in 2002, acquired by eBay in 2005; on September user-friendly application). 1st, 2009, a group of investors led by Silver Lake bought 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion) is the fastest growing service in the history of the Internet. Data Communications Fundamentals 172 / 191 Data Communications Fundamentals 173 / 191 Signals Codes Analog and Digital Signals Compression Data integrity Skype Signals Codes Analog and Digital Signals Compression Data integrity Skype How does Skype actually work? 1 How does Skype actually work? 2 Skype network has three types of machines, all running the same A Skype client (SC) (or ordinary host) is the computer of a regular software and treated equally: Skype user connected to the network in order to communicate with other users.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 the Entrepreneur: Concepts and Evidence
    24 Chapter 1 The Entrepreneur: Concepts and Evidence The following case material is extracted frem a case study written by Professor Hans Bent Martinsen at Aarhus " Business Scheoj, Denmark and we aTle grateful f0F the permission to lise it Source: Martinsen (2006) Why were Janus Friis and Niklas Zennström successful with Kazaa and Skype?, Aarhus Business School, Denmark. Three important technological trends occurred in the 1990s: • The growth of digital recordings via CDs and move away from analogue recordings • 'flue growth of home PC use • The growth and availability of the Internet allowing the possibility of sharing digital files with other users During the 1990s the music industry had seen th€ introduction of digital CDs, and with the advent and take• up of home pes copying CDs and retaining qualify of sound became viable. The I!flternet brought the pos• sibility of sharing and exchanging files. In 1999 Napster was created by American student Shawn Fanning: This was a software program that made MP3 files available for all other Napster users via the Internet. In this way Napster turned thousands of computers into one huge server. However, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) took Napster to court and Napster was forced to close its server in August 2000. But Napster had shown the way and soon there were a whole swarm of peer-to-peer file servers on the Internet. The result was that companies could try to get court injunctions, but because servers could be ænywhere in the world, the growth of downloading digital recordings via the Internet continued unabated.
    [Show full text]
  • What Are the Uses of Skype? What Does It Do? Who Uses Skype?
    Skype Unknown macro: {align} Unknown macro: {logo} http://wiki.itap.purdue.edu/download/attachments/4293019/rsz_logo_-_skype-1.jpg "> Unknown macro: {align} Unknown macro: {logo} http://wiki.itap.purdue.edu/download/attachments/4293019/rsz_logo_-_skype-1.jpg What Are the Uses of Skype? What Does It Do? The main purpose of Skype is to connect people. People from around the world can connect through many different ways. They can connect through one or two way audio, one or two way video, one or two way audio and video or through text. People can also call any telephone around the world though this costs money, but talking between Skype users does not cost a thing. It can be used on Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems so almost all computers are compatible. It also works with many different cell phones and mobile devices so individuals can use it whenever/wherever they want. It also can be used by a teacher who is teaching an online class. Unknown macro: {center} Who Uses Skype? Skype in Business Skype is used for businesses that need to reach people around the country or world for as cheap as possible. When business workers use Skype they can get more done, talk more to your clients, and cut your phone bill. Business workers can make free calls to people when they are using Skype and if they choose to call mobile phones or landlines it is very cheap.They can also use Skype from many mobile phones so you can use it anywhere. Skype also allows users to make video calls so business workers can make conference calls for free anytime, anywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Please Read This Notice Carefully. It Contains
    1 PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. IT CONTAINS IMPORTANT 2 INFORMATION THAT MAY AFFECT YOU 3 4 TO: ALL PERSONS WHO ARE MUSIC PUBLISHER-PRINCIPALS OF 5 THE HARRY FOX AGENCY, INC. (“HFA”) OR WERE MUSIC 6 PUBLISHER-PRINCIPALS OF HFA BETWEEN MAY 14, 2002 AND 7 JANUARY 29, 2007. 8 9 Pursuant to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, you are hereby 10 notified: 11 1. A class action lawsuit, Jerry Leiber, et al. v. Consumer 12 Empowerment BV a/k/a FastTrack, et al., Case No. CV 01-09923-SVW (FMOx), is 13 pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the 14 “Leiber action”). It was brought on behalf of the class consisting of all persons who 15 are music publishers represented by The Harry Fox Agency, Inc. (“HFA”) that own 16 or control at least one copyrighted musical work that has been made available, 17 without their permission, through the online services of defendants MusicCity.com, 18 Inc. (now know as StreamCast Networks, Inc.) and MusicCity Networks, Inc. 19 (collectively “StreamCast”), Grokster, Ltd. (“Grokster”), and Kazaa BV f/k/a/ 20 Consumer Empowerment BV (“Kazaa”) (collectively, the “Original Defendants”). 21 In July 2002, the lawsuit was amended to add Sharman Networks Limited, LEF 22 Interactive Pty Ltd., Niklas Zennstrom (“Zennstrom”), La Galiote BV, Janus Friis 23 Degnbol (“Degnbol”), and Indigo Investment BV as party defendants (collectively 24 with Kazaa the “Kazaa Defendants”), based on their operation and support of or 25 involvement with the Kazaa software and Internet service.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazaa, Skype, and Now "The Venice Project"
    Kazaa, Skype, and now "The Venice Project" http://www.businessweek.com/print/bwdaily/dnflash/content/jul20... Close Window JULY 24, 2006 TOP NEWS By Steve Rosenbush Kazaa, Skype, and now "The Venice Project" Serial entrepreneurs Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis are at it again, this time with a venture for distributing TV and other video over the Net Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis, the entrepreneurs who created the pioneering Web applications Kazaa and Skype, are working on a new communications venture, BusinessWeek.com has learned. The pair plans to develop software for distributing TV shows and other forms of video over the Web, according to people familiar with the matter. Working under the code name "The Venice Project," Zennstrom and Friis have assembled teams of top software developers in about a half-dozen cities around the world, including New York, London, and Venice. The teams are currently in negotiations with TV networks, although it's not clear whether any agreements have been reached. A formal announcement of the new venture could come as early as this fall. The mortality rate for tech startups is high, but Zennstrom and Friis have defied the odds with a series of highly disruptive new businesses that have roiled the communications and media establishments (see BusinessWeek.com, 9/19/05, "Skype's 'Aha' Experience"). GOOD TRACK RECORD. They created the Kazaa file-sharing network, which consumers used for the distribution of music and video. The peer-to-peer network's system consisted entirely of its users' PCs. The controversial company, which bypassed the entertainment industry by allowing free distribution of content, was sold to Sharman Networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Winnie Soh Overview I
    Presented by: Winnie Soh Overview I. What is Skype? II. Features III. The Man Behind Skype IV. How it Started V. System VI. How VoIP Works? VII. Just for Thoughts VIII. Possibilities of Microsoft Acquisition IX. The Deal X. After the Acquisition XI. Reference The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. What is Skype ? • Voice-over-internet Protocol (VoIP) service and software application which allows users to communicate with peers by voice, video, and instant messaging over the internet. • hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system, and makes use of background processing on computers running Skype software; the original name proposed – Sky peer- to-peer The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Features • Voice chat - Allows telephone calls between pairs of users and conference calling, and uses a proprietary audio codec. • Video Conferencing – between two users was introduced in January 2006 for the Windows and Mac OS X platform clients. Skype 2.0 for Linux, released on 13 March 2008, also features support for video conferencing.16 Version 5 beta 1 for Windows, released 13 May 2010, offers free video conferencing with up to five people Messaging - Allows group chats, emotion icons, storing chat history and editing of previous messages. The usual features familiar to instant messaging users — user profiles, online status indicators, and so on — are also included. The Man behind Skype • Founded in 2003 by Janus Friis from Denmark and Niklas Zennström from Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Skype - Reasons for Growth
    Stockholm School of Economics Marketing Department Skype - Reasons for Growth Master Thesis, 10 credits Author: Nils Hammar Tutor: Christopher Rosenqvist Spring 2007 CONTENT ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................3 1.1 BACKGROUND..............................................................................................................................................3 1.2 OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................................................................4 1.3 DELIMITATIONS ...........................................................................................................................................4 1.3.1 Users - Not Profit................................................................................................................................4 1.3.2 Why Net2Phone...................................................................................................................................5 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THESIS ................................................................................................................................6 3. METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Entrepreneurial Interaction and Innovation
    It takes two to tango: entrepreneurial interaction and innovation Article (Unspecified) Tidd, Joseph (2012) It takes two to tango: entrepreneurial interaction and innovation. The European Business Review. ISSN 0955-534X This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/40349/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Innovation It Takes Two to Tango: Entrepreneurial interaction and innovation By Joe Tidd Innovation management focuses too much on processes and What is Conjoint Innovation? tools, whereas entrepreneurship is pre-occupied with individ- Traditional treatments of the lone, heroic, visionary entre- ual personal traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Aaron Pok Kwoon Hoe Dip IT 08 Scope
    Aaron Pok Kwoon Hoe Dip IT 08 Scope • Introduction • History of Skype • Technology used in Skype (Frontend, Backend) • Business Growth of Skype • Impacts of Skype on ISPs and Telcos Introduction Skype is a software application that allows users to make voice and video calls and chat over the Internet. • Calls to other users within the Skype service is free • Calls to other traditional landlines telephones and mobile phones can be made for a fee using a debit-based user account system • Instant messaging • File transfer • Video Conferencing Other Features History of Skype Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennstrom from Sweden Janus Friis from Denmark History of Skype Skype software was developed by Ahti Heinla Priit Kasesalu Jaan Tallinn who were also behind the peer-to-peer file sharing software Kazaa History of Skype In April 2003, Skype.com and Skype.net domain names were registered. •In August 2003, the first public beta version was released. •Initial name was ‘Sky peer-to-peer’ which was then abbreviated to 'Skyper'. •Some of the domain names associated with 'Skyper' were already taken. Therefore, the letter “r” was removed and the final name became ‘Skype’ History of Skype Important Milestones in Skype's History Yr 2005 In October, eBay purchased Skype for $2.6 billion. Yr 2006 “Skypecasting” was introduced which allow voice recording over VoIP and has the ability to host public conference call. This feature was discontinued from 1st Sep 2008. In October , Skype 2.0 for Mac was released, the first full release of Skype with video for Macintosh.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 US Dist. LEXIS 97391, * 31 of 72 DOCUMENTS STREAMCAST
    Page 1 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97391, * 31 of 72 DOCUMENTS STREAMCAST NETWORKS, INC., Plaintiff, vs. SKYPE TECHNOLOGIES, S.A., et al., Defendants. CV 06-391FMC (Ex) UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97391 September 14, 2006, Decided September 14, 2006, Filed, September 15, 2006, Docketed and Entered SUBSEQUENT HISTORY: Claim dismissed by, Mo- Encino, CA; Jeffrey F Gersh, LEAD ATTORNEY, tion granted by Streamcast Networks, Inc. v. Skype Gersh Law Firm, Encino, CA. Techs., S.A., 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97392 (C.D. Cal., Sept. 14, 2006) For LA Galiote BV, Indigo Investment BV, Defendants: [*2] Jeffrey P Alpert, LEAD ATTORNEY, Gershkaplan, COUNSEL: [*1] For StreamCast Networks Inc, Plain- Encino, CA; Jeffrey F Gersh, LEAD ATTORNEY, tiff: Charles S Baker, David L Burgert, Eric D Wade, Gersh Law Firm, Encino, CA. LEAD ATTORNEYS, Porter & Hedges, Houston, TX; Daniel J Woods, Gary S Sedlik, Matthew P Lewis, For Sharman Networks Ltd, Lef Interactive Pty Ltd, De- LEAD ATTORNEYS, White & Case, Los Angeles, CA. fendants: Mark A Albert, Roderick G Dorman, Hennigan Bennett & Dorman, Los Angeles, CA. For Skype Technologies S A, eBay Inc, Defendants: Benjamin F Chapman, Joseph S Leventhal, Michael G For Murray Markiles, Defendant: Marc Morris, Mark A Rhodes, Philip C Tencer, LEAD ATTORNEYS, Cooley Albert, Roderick G Dorman, LEAD ATTORNEYS, Godward Kronish, San Diego, CA. Henningan Bennett and Dorman, Los Angeles, CA. For Niklas Zennstrom, Kazaa BV, Mark Dyne, Defend- JUDGES: FLORENCE-MARIE COOPER, Judge. ants: Lance A Etcheverry, Peter Bradley Morrison, LEAD ATTORNEYS, Skadden Arps Slate Meagher and OPINION BY: FLORENCE-MARIE COOPER Flom, Los Angeles, CA; Thomas J Nolan, LEAD AT- TORNEY, Skadden Arps Slate Meagher and Flom LLP, OPINION Los Angeles, CA.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Were Janus Friis and Niklas Zennström Successful with Kazaa and Skype?
    HD-afhandling Forfatter: Ebbe Munk EM66645 Vejleder: Bent Martinsen Why were Janus Friis and Niklas Zennström successful with Kazaa and Skype? Handelshøjskolen i Århus Aarhus School of Business 2006 Abstract Friis and Zennström have a unique cooperation. They generate ideas and turn them into big business. They are classical entrepreneurs in Schumpeter's understanding. They create valuable networks and are well prepared to be lucky in Alchian's understanding. They founded Kazaa and learned a lot, but did not earn much. When they founded Skype, they chose to use viral marketing only – a demanding principle, as the distributed product must be viral in itself. In both cases they have created their own market by letting their customers have the basic service for free and then wait for the network to grow. In both cases they could later sell the network without depriving the customers of their advantages. With limited means they have created a business model that affect the whole world. They created an enormous profit for themselves and disrupted the music, film, and telecom industries. kazaa_skype_ebbe_munk.doc 1 29-04-06 Table of Contents 1 . Research Questions .................................................................................................................. 5 1 .1 Delimitations ........................................................................................................................... 5 1 .2 Definitions ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]