Easter Trip To

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Easter Trip To MAKIN' TRACKS Steep ascent from Dry Creek Trip Participants Easter trip to the South Coast April 3 - 10 Trip Participants Allan Kidd (group leader) - LC100 Malcolm and Cherese Chaseling - LC200 John and Jenny Malcolm - LC100 Ken Ribbons and Diana Morgan - LC100 Wadbilliga Trail Part 1 – Saturday (Cherese & Malcolm) All the trip attendees met at Cobargo in time for a coffee before driving off into the wilds of the Wadbilliga National Park. On the road by 11.05am and along the Wandella Road and then turned off on Brassnocker Road and then to the lookout at Peak The track follows the Wadbilliga River for some time and in places Alone (954 metres). Ken decided to follow the power lines to the tracks along the side of the ridges with a very steep drop down to top of the mountain while the rest went via the dirt road to the the river. top. Consequently ‘the rest’ got lost after speeding past the lookout There was a real chill in the air with Malcolm and Cherese reporting turn, then off back to the turn on the Peak Alone Fire Trail (another that they were getting a reading of only 13oC for the outside wrong turn but an interesting looking road) so consequently Kenny temperature, this was certainly cooler than the temperature at arrived before us. The view was not as good as expected as there the camping area when we left. This wasn’t surprising when you was low cloud and a misty haze so we had lunch. consider that we had climbed from around 240m to the 1000m After lunch we drove back down the Peak Alone Fire Trail collecting mark as we headed through the gap. wood for the camp fire, then on to Yowrie Road, through Yowrie and All through this section Ken was singing the praises of the pie then on to a pleasant bush camp site at Lake Creek which was next shop in Nimmitabel, we think he was attempting to influence Allan to Wadbilliga Creek We arrived at around 3.00pm where we had to make a diversion (quite a lengthy one at that) so we could all a great night around the camp fire being the only campers at the sample the pies. When Allan eventually turned and headed towards camp site. Numeralla you could almost hear the resignation in Ken’s voice – no Wadbilliga Trail Part 2 – Sunday (John & Jenny) pies today! After a very pleasant night at the Lake Creek camping area the plan After passing through Conways Gap we left the National Park and was to depart at 10:00am, however everyone was up early and passed through some private property where there were acres of packed up ready to leave just after 9:00am so we departed early turnip crops. It begged the question of who would eat all those with Malcolm and Cherese at the tail end of the group and headed turnips, surely not that many people like turnips. In the ensuing west along the Wadbilliga Road towards Conways Gap. conversations over the radio it was suggested that they were grown The drive through this area while very easy in 4WD terms was quite as feed for cattle, that made sense as turnips are probably just as spectacular in terms of the scenery. We passed through areas where appetising and appealing as grass! ferns grew very densely and were almost overgrowing the track, After crossing the Tuross River we headed north and followed the however photo opportunities were limited due to the very dense river for a short while along the Tuross Road before heading into growth in the forest. This part of the Wadbilliga National Park is a Numeralla where we stopped for the obligatory coffee break. If you real delight and the drive is one anyone would enjoy. The track in ever decide to take a break in Numeralla take your own coffee as parts while easy was quite rocky as we climbed up to Conways Gap. there is nothing in the town – no coffee shop, no pie shop (sorry TLCC NEWS JUNE 2010 49 MAKIN' TRACKS Jenny exiting river The Cascades Ken), no service station – nothing. The only option would have been on the radio to say it was private property and he skedaddles out a 60km round trip into Cooma so we enjoyed our own coffee and before they can produce any shotguns for trespassers. refreshments alongside the town’s sporting fields. When we return to our marked camp site we drive down the road to After leaving Numeralla we headed for the Cascades camping area the river and notice there is no prepared track across it. After driving on the Tuross River, this was a relatively short and easy trip that on our side for a short time, a small cleared section is found but it is had us reaching the campsite at around 1:00pm. There were other already taken. After speaking to the incumbents we are told that the campers at the site so we spent a few minutes selecting an area crossing has been washed out but there is a way across after driving where we could all camp together near one of the fire places. After down a short steep bank. Allan and Ken wade across and decide setting up camp everyone relaxed and had lunch. the crossing is fine for our 4WD convoy. Notice is taken of a steep Around mid afternoon we decided to take the walk to the Cascades drop off and also a potential tyre staking stump on the track. After and the Tuross Falls, the walk to the falls was signposted as a 2 hour making sure everybody is aware of the line the crossing is finally return walk but it turned out to be much quicker than 2 hours. Both made and a lovely open space is found close to the river. Camp is the Cascades and the Falls were well worth the walk with quite a bit set up, lunch is had and we all settle down to a quite afternoon of of flow in the river treating us to a nice spectacle. They would have chatting and reading till it is time to light the camp fire. been really spectacular back in February when the area experienced Tuross River Run Part 2 – Tuesday (Allan) some really heavy rainfall. On returning to the camp site it was time After a very pleasant night camped beside the sparkling clear for refreshments and to get the fire stoked up for the night. Tuross River we had breakfast and made ready for departure. Ken We settled in for a very relaxing and enjoyable evening around had marked the edge of the river with several sticks the previous what was an excellent campfire. As was the case on most nights night and we could see that the river was now a little lower than on the trip we had more wood than we really needed so keeping when we crossed yesterday. the fire raging was not a problem. Ken assumed the role of the I was a little concerned at getting the group back onto the main keeper of the fire and perched himself on a large rock near the fire. track as the exit from the river was steep, over soft soil with the It was suggested at one stage that Ken was like a guru sitting on added complication of a possible tyre staking from a low tree his rock tending the fire, it was also suggested a little later in the root located in the ideal driving line out of the river. As such I evening that a line from Priscilla Queen of the Desert might also be (surreptitiously) made sure all my recovery gear was easily to hand applicable – some people can be cruel! and ready to use. Since there was essentially two distinct parts to It had turned out to be another very relaxed and enjoyable day. the river crossing we took advantage of a photo opportunity by Tuross River Run Part 1 – Monday (Allan) getting all cars through the first section before tackling the second Another leisurely start sees us packed up and ready to depart at – so far so good. The second part in fact was not an issue as the 10am. Last night was the coolest so far with a minimum of 4.6oC. first three cars easily made it over the bank and then onto the We return from the Cascades track to the Badja Forest Road and track. The fourth car however almost caused heart attacks in the make our way into the Badja State Forest. After turning onto the watching group! Instead of driving straight towards the opposite Woila Creek Fire Trail, again firewood is plentiful so we stock up for bank beside the main river, which necessitated making a sharp left the night and have morning tea. We have in mind several potential turn, it started veering to the right to give a straighter climb out of stops for the night but the preferred one is beside the Tuross River. the river and over the bank – this was a move that almost ended There are a number of steepish descents but nothing very difficult in disaster as here there was a steep drop-off into the river. With for a well prepared 4WD vehicle. Around 12:30 we passed a sign to much yelling from the onshore spectators and with the ‘Cruiser at a Wandella Road where the GPS indicated a camp site – a hasty look side angle in excess of a 30 degree list, the driver suddenly realised (while driving) seems to indicate very little space so we continue.
Recommended publications
  • Sydneyœsouth Coast Region Irrigation Profile
    SydneyœSouth Coast Region Irrigation Profile compiled by Meredith Hope and John O‘Connor, for the W ater Use Efficiency Advisory Unit, Dubbo The Water Use Efficiency Advisory Unit is a NSW Government joint initiative between NSW Agriculture and the Department of Sustainable Natural Resources. © The State of New South Wales NSW Agriculture (2001) This Irrigation Profile is one of a series for New South Wales catchments and regions. It was written and compiled by Meredith Hope, NSW Agriculture, for the Water Use Efficiency Advisory Unit, 37 Carrington Street, Dubbo, NSW, 2830, with assistance from John O'Connor (Resource Management Officer, Sydney-South Coast, NSW Agriculture). ISBN 0 7347 1335 5 (individual) ISBN 0 7347 1372 X (series) (This reprint issued May 2003. First issued on the Internet in October 2001. Issued a second time on cd and on the Internet in November 2003) Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by the author for NSW Agriculture, for and on behalf of the State of New South Wales, in good faith on the basis of available information. While the information contained in the document has been formulated with all due care, the users of the document must obtain their own advice and conduct their own investigations and assessments of any proposals they are considering, in the light of their own individual circumstances. The document is made available on the understanding that the State of New South Wales, the author and the publisher, their respective servants and agents accept no responsibility for any person, acting on, or relying on, or upon any opinion, advice, representation, statement of information whether expressed or implied in the document, and disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information contained in the document or by reason of any error, omission, defect or mis-statement (whether such error, omission or mis-statement is caused by or arises from negligence, lack of care or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • Wadbilliga Fire Management Strategy
    Fire Management Strategy NSW Wadbilliga and NATIONAL PARKS AND South East Forest WILDLIFE National Park SERVICE FIRE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY WADBILLIGA AND SOUTH EAST FOREST NATIONAL PARK NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Far South Coast Region November, 2003 2 Fire Management Strategy for Wadbilliga and South East Forest National Park ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author of this strategy was the Narooma Office of the Far South Coast Region of the N.S.W National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. Published by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Far South Coast Region, June 2003. Contact: Fire Officer, PO Box 282, Narooma, NSW, 2546. ISBN * **** **** *. 3 Fire Management Strategy for Wadbilliga and South East Forest National Park TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Scope and Purpose.............................................................................................. 5 1.2. Fire Management Objectives................................................................................ 5 1.3. Description of the Reserves ................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Location and Terrain.................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing the Impact of Road Crossings on Aquatic Habitat in Coastal Waterways – Southern Rivers, Nsw
    REDUCING THE IMPACT OF ROAD CROSSINGS ON AQUATIC HABITAT IN COASTAL WATERWAYS – SOUTHERN RIVERS, NSW REPORT TO THE NEW SOUTH WALES ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST Published by NSW Department of Primary Industries. © State of New South Wales 2006. This publication is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in an unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal use or for non-commercial use within your organisation provided due credit is given to the author and publisher. To copy, adapt, publish, distribute or commercialise any of this publication you will need to seek permission from the Manager Publishing, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW. DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing (May 2006). However, because of advances in knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that information upon which they rely is up to date and to check the currency of the information with the appropriate officer of NSW Department of Primary Industries or the user‘s independent adviser. This report should be cited as: NSW Department of Primary Industries (2005) Reducing the impact of road crossings on aquatic habitat in coastal waterways – Southern Rivers, NSW. Report to the New South Wales Environmental Trust. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Flemington, NSW. ISBN 0 7347 1700 8 Cover photo: Causeway with excessive headloss over Wadbilliga River on Wadbilliga Road (Tuross Catchment). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Stream connectivity and habitat diversity are critical components of healthy rivers. Many fish have evolved to be reliant on a variety of different habitat types throughout their life cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Sharing Plan for the Tuross River Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources
    Water Sharing Plan for the Tuross River Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources Background document Published by the Department of Primary Industries, a Division of NSW Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development. Water Sharing Plan for the Tuross River Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources: Background document First published July 2016 More information Rural Water Planning www.dpi.nsw.gov.au Acknowledgments Cover photo: Upper Tuross River courtesy of former Southern Rivers CMA © State of New South Wales through the Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services, 2016. You may copy, distribute and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute the NSW Department of Primary Industries as the owner. Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing (July 2016). However, because of advances in knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that information upon which they rely is up to date and to check currency of the information with the appropriate officer of the Department of Primary Industries or the user’s independent adviser. Water Sharing Plan for the Tuross River Unregulated and Alluvial Water Sources: Background document Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................6 Why are water sharing plans being prepared? ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NOWHERE,% HOPJTFJLY HEEJ1NQ Ut £4E4 S
    CANBERRA BUSHWALKING CLUB INC NEWSLETTER GPO Box 160, CanberraACT 2601 VOLUME 30 NOVEMBER 1994 NUMBER 11 NOWHERE,% HOPJTFJLY HEEJ1NQ Dickson Ubrary Community Room Wednesday 16 November, 8.00 pm onwards A representative from Mont Equipment will speak on stsil F4s io 4ut vas Ut £4e4 s (4c ec4seto~,s.r44 Make the most of the evening andjoh other members at 6.00pm for a convivial (BYO) meal at the Vietnamese Restaurant at O'Connor Shops (the one on the cornet). Thj to be early to ensixe there sill be ample time to tinh and still get to the meeting in comfortable time. FRESIDENT'S FRAflLE However, we all returned safely, again some of the beginners amazed that we had returned at all! In the last IT all members would have received letters with regards to their ability to lead walks. So think about leading walks. You always get lots Thank you Man Vidler for all the work and your of help with the planning (and even co-leading) enthusiasm in sending out these letters. and it can be fun as well as rewarding. Leading walks is a great way of seeing the areas The walks planning evening was a great success. that you want to see and you stifi have the benefit Look for the new leaders in future issues of iT. of sharing and getting to know more of the For those who couldn't make it, we hope to see members. Plus, most people think that you know you at the next wallcs planning evening. exactly where you're going! Only you know the hidden doubts and relief when you're successfully The committee has decided CBC is to join navigated and reached the destination.
    [Show full text]
  • Ca Nberra Bush Wa L King Club Inc. Newsletter P.O
    CA NBERRA BUSH WA L KING CLUB INC. NEWSLETTER P.O. Box 160, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Registered by Australia Post: Publication number NBH 1859 VOLUME 29 JANUARY 1993 NUMBER 1 JANUARY BARBECUE WHERE? Iiriarra Crossing WHEN? Wednesday 20th January 1993, 6.00pm onwards WHAT? This barbecue has become our regular January get-together and will be held as usual under the huge Casuarinas at Uriarra Crossing (East). Follow the road to Uriarra Crossing but turn off to the left before you get to the crossing, Club. signs will probably be in place but if not just look around till you find us. Wood fuelled barbecues are available, there will also be ppportunities for swimming. Bring your own everything including cutlery and plates. For enquiries contact Sybille on 2824325(h). PRESIDENT'S PRAULE A successful year for the Club is now behind us and written up in the Confederation Newsletter "The we can all look forward to good walking in 1993. In Bushwalker" in July 1992 and the advice given was addition to our normal activities, the Club will that these can be dangerous places, with dogs or booby participate in several other projects. traps. The safe response to such a find is to get out of the immediate area as soon as possible. I can supply On Sunday March 7 we will again take part in the a copy of the article to anyone who is interested. annual "Clean Up Australia Day". If you have any ideas on what form our contribution should take, speak Allan Mikkelsen to the Conservation Officer Paul Wallace, otherwise just turn up for work party which will be scheduled in IT.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Source of Sediment in Australian Coastal Catchments
    Regolith 2006 - Consolidation and Dispersion of Ideas TRACING THE SOURCE OF SEDIMENT IN AUSTRALIAN COASTAL CATCHMENTS Baihua Fu1, John B. Field1 and Lachlan T. Newham1,2 1 School of Resources, Environment and Society, the Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 2 Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, the Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 INTRODUCTION Many studies using tracers to quantify fluxes of sediment have been published over the last four decades. However, there is still insufficient information to enable routine selection of suitable tracers outside a limited number of study catchments (Foster et al., 2000). There is increasing evidence to suggest that multiple tracers provide better discrimination than one tracer because no single tracer property can represent all the characteristics of a source (Caitcheon et al., 1994). This paper presents an application of geochemical sediment tracing in Australian coastal catchments. It shows the importance of considering multiple tracers and a practical approach to their use. STUDY AREA The Moruya-Deua and Tuross River catchments are located in the Eurobodalla area on the south east coast of New South Wales. The Moruya-Deua River drains a catchment of approximately 1480 km2 and is fed by two large tributaries – Burra Creek and Araluen Creek. The Tuross River catchment is located south of the Moruya-Deua River catchment. It has a total area of approximately 2170 km2. The main town in the Moruya- Deua River catchment is Moruya, with a smaller village at Araluen. Bodalla is the main town in the Tuross River catchment. On the coast near the mouths of the Moruya-Deua and Tuross Rivers are the townships of Moruya Heads and Tuross Head (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Elysian Wind Farm
    Preliminary Environmental Assessment Elysian Wind Farm Reference No. 30012635 Prepared for Elysian WF Pty Ltd 31 March 2020 REFERENCE NO. 30012635 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... I ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS ............................................................................................................................VI 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of this document ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Proponent details ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2 PROPOSAL IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Location .................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Development overview ............................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Major wind farm infrastructure components ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • IT November 2002 Page 1 About It
    THE CANBERRA BUSHWALKING CLUB INC. NEWSLETTER it GPO Box 160, Canberra ACT 2601 VOLUME 38 November 2002 NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER GENERAL MEETING 8pm Wednesday 20th A short walk in the Indian Himalayas Speaker: Roger Farrow Roger Farrow is a retired CSIRO entomologist with an interest in the Himalayas and particularly in the wildlife there. He will talk about two walks he did there earlier this year, the first up the Singalila Ridge, the border between India and Nepal, and the second up to the Guichela Glacier at the foot of Kanthenjunga.. Shine Dome, Australian Academy of Science Gordon Street, Canberra City Make the most of the evening and join other members at 6.00pm for a convivial meal at the Vietnam Restaurant, 8-10 Hobart Place, Canberra City (opposite Canberra House Arcade, next to Aussie Home Loans) Try to be early to ensure there will be ample time to finish and still get to the meeting in good time danger in most of our favourite watercourses of the Cox, Kow- PRESIDENT’S walking areas. On our recent mung, Wollondilly and Nattai, are PRATTLE Barallier walk in the Blue Moun- bone dry. It is still magnificant tains, the impact of the drought was country to walk through, but it is very evident. Apart from certain certainly suffering. Our new committee for 2002/03 pockets near the Cox, there was a You will notice that a number of hope to make this an enjoyable and noticeable lack of spring wildflow- our weekend walks on this program productive year for club members, ers, and much of the bush foliage is are designated as “beginner walks”, and will do our best to maintain a drooping and parched.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTHERN TRAILS ISSUE 390 March 2012 Next Meeting 13 March
    SOUTHERN TRAILS ISSUE 390 March 2012 Directory 2 For Sale 45 C Taylor Torque 4 O Membership Thingamybobs and Whosywhatsits 5 N Applying 4psi tyre inflation rule 7 T Trips and Events 9 Farewell to a Mate 22 E Lights, Action Camera 23 N Camp Ovens 26 High Country Hill Billies Gr 3 28 T Club Christmas Mystery Event 30 High Country Revisited 31 S Brindabella Breakdown 33 The Sequel 37 Hight Country Hill Billies Gr 2 39 The Editor ST4WDC Timout 44 General meetings are held at the Canberra Deakin Football Club, Grose St, Deakin at 7.30 pm on the second Tuesday of each month. Next Meeting 13 March 2012 The deadline for material to be included in the next issue of Southern Trails is the Friday following the General Meeting 16 March 2012 This month’s magazine has been compiled by Michael Patrick SOUTHERN TRAILS - is the magazine of the ST4WDC Incorporated, GPO Box 2122, Canberra ACT 2601 ABN: 49 507 780 060 Registered by Australia Post Print Post No. PP248831/00046 National Library Catalogue No. ISSN 0314-0814 Web Address http://www.st4wdc.org The opinions expressed in the articles and letters in this magazine are not necessarily those of the The Southern Tablelands Four Wheel Drive Club. Southern Trails is printed by INSTANT COLOUR PRESS, 21 RAE ST, BELCONNEN, ACT 2617. All magazine correspondence should be directed to the Publications Coordinator. Trip reports & articles of interest are very welcome. Contributions may be edited. We gratefully acknowledge the support given to this magazine by our advertisers and encourage our readers to support and patronise them whenever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • C&/(5Tha5 Faecue
    CANBERRA BUSH WALKING CLUB INC NEWSLETTER GPO Box 160, CanberraACT260I VOLUME 31 DECEMBER 1995 NUMBER 12 C&/(5THA5 FAECUE Wednesday 13 December - from 6 pm The Club's Christmas Barbecue (replacing the normal monthly meeting) will be held at Weston Park, Yarralumla on Wednesday 13 December. Follow the signs - will be near the northern end of the Park. Bring your own everything - food, drink, cutlery, plates and also swimming costume! Bring your family for a great time. - nit qI a-..- ngsTv SIC? 'S 2W745 eo7esSnA7TO?j 10755 Firstly some Committee news. We have been ?41c14 here they are, my very first set of Conservation investigating whether the Club could have Christmas Notes for IT magazine. I must apologise for missing cards printed with the Club's logo (Corroboree Frog) - the last issue of IT (slap on wrist) and will endeavour we have previously bought cards from the Wilderness Shop. In the last IT, mention was made that we were not to let IT happen again. planning a Leap Year celebration for February next First, and thanks to that excellent read,"WILD" year at Franklin Chalet, which we have since learnt is not available for hire. However, the Social Secretary magazine, particularly in matters relating to the and I still plan to do something to celebrate the Leap wilderness experience, it appears that some areas of Year occasion. More about that in a later IT. Bungonia Gorge are a major health hazard due to very large boulders (VLBs) being dislodged from a quarry Regarding the Spanish Bioom clearing in Namadgi, on a ridge overlooking the Gorge.
    [Show full text]
  • South East Forest National Park and Egan Peaks Nature Reserve
    SOUTH EAST FOREST NATIONAL PARK AND EGAN PEAKS NATURE RESERVE PLAN OF MANAGEMENT NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Part of the Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) August 2006 This plan of management was adopted by the Minister for the Environment on 3rd August 2006. Acknowledgments This plan of management is based on a draft plan prepared by staff of the Far South Coast Region and Conservation Management Unit with the assistance of specialists in Southern Directorate and community representatives from the former Eden and Narooma District Advisory Committees on the steering committee. The plan draws heavily on a number of documents prepared for the Eden Comprehensive Regional Assessment (CRA) process which lead to the Eden Regional Forest Agreement. Extensive consultation was undertaken with community organisations and individuals during development of the plan. The NPWS gratefully acknowledges the information and ideas contributed by these people. Cover photograph: Carters Creek by M. van Ewijk. © DEC and M. van Ewijk. For additional information or enquiries about this plan, contact the NPWS Far South Coast Regional Office, Corner Merimbula & Sapphire Coast Drives, Merimbula phone (02) 6495 5001. © Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) 2006: Use permitted with appropriate acknowledgment ISBN 1 7412 101 3 FOREWORD South East Forest National Park and Egan Peaks Nature Reserve are adjoining reserves that together cover 117,644ha of rugged escarpment country west of Bega and Eden in south-eastern NSW. The two areas are part of a system of conservation reserves along the great eastern escarpment and are linked to other reserves that protect the coastline and coastal hinterland.
    [Show full text]