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European Social Charter the Government of Estonia

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European Social Charter the Government of Estonia 18/12/2018 RAP/RCha/EST/16(2019) EUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER 16th National Report on the implementation of the European Social Charter submitted by THE GOVERNMENT OF ESTONIA Article 7, 8, 16, 17, 19 and 27 for the period 01/01/2014 - 31/12/2017 Report registered by the Secretariat on 18 December 2018 CYCLE 2019 EUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER (REVISED) 16th Report of the Republic of Estonia on the Accepted Provisions For the reference period 1/1/2014-31/12/2017 Articles 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, 27 For the period 2014–2017 made by the Government of Estonia in accordance with Article C of the Revised European Social Charter, on the measures taken to give effect to the accepted provisions of the Revised European Social Charter, the instrument of ratification or approval of which was submitted on September 11th, 2000. In accordance with Article C of the Revised European Social Charter and Article 23 of the European Social Charter, copies of this report have been communicated to the Estonian Central Federation of Trade Unions, the Estonian Employees Unions Confederation, the Estonian Confederation of Employers, the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Estonian Association of SME’s. 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3 Article 7 – The right of children and young persons to protection ......................................................... 5 Subsection 1 – Prohibition on admission of children under the age of 15 years to employment ...... 5 Subsection 2 – Provide that occupations regarded as dangerous or unhealthy are prohibited for minors under the age of 18 years ....................................................................................................... 9 Subsection 3 – Provide that children who are still subject to compulsory education shall not be employed to work ............................................................................................................................. 10 Subsection 4 – Working time ............................................................................................................ 11 Subsection 7 – Paid annual holiday ................................................................................................... 13 Subsection 8 – Prohibition of night work .......................................................................................... 14 Subsection 9 – Regular medical examinations .................................................................................. 15 Subsection 10 – Special protection against physical and moral dangers .......................................... 17 Article 8 – The right of employed women to protection of maternity ................................................. 27 Subsection 1 – Maternity leave ......................................................................................................... 27 Subsection 2 – The unlawfulness of dismissal a woman from work during their maternity leave... 31 Subsection 3 – Rest breaks for employees who are nursing ............................................................. 33 Subsection 4 – Regulation of night work ........................................................................................... 34 Subsection 5 – The prohibition of work that is dangerous, unhealthy or arduous in nature ........... 35 Article 16 – The right of the family to social, legal and economic protection ...................................... 36 Housing for families ........................................................................................................................... 36 Child care facilities ............................................................................................................................. 38 Family counselling services ............................................................................................................... 40 Participation of associations representing families .......................................................................... 41 Legal protection of families: .............................................................................................................. 41 Economic protection of families ....................................................................................................... 45 Vulnerable families ............................................................................................................................ 57 Article 17 – The right of children and young persons to social, legal and economic protection .......... 62 Subsection 1 – Assistance, education and training ........................................................................... 62 Subsection 2 – Provide to children and young persons a free primary and secondary education as well as to encourage regular attendance at schools ......................................................................... 66 Article 19 – The right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance ................. 69 Subsection 1 – Immigration assistance and information .................................................................. 69 Subsection 2 – Departure, journey and reception ............................................................................ 73 3 Subsection 3 – Cooperation between the social services of the countries of emigration and immigration ....................................................................................................................................... 75 Subsection 4 – Equality in terms of employment, the right to organise, and accommodation ....... 76 Subsection 5 – Equality regarding taxes and payments .................................................................... 83 Subsection 6 – Family reunification .................................................................................................. 85 Subsection 7 – Equality regarding legal proceedings ........................................................................ 90 Subsection 8 – Guarantees relating to deportation .......................................................................... 93 Subsection 9 – Transfer of earnings and savings .............................................................................. 96 Subsection 10 – Equal treatment of self-employed persons ............................................................ 97 Subsection 11 – Teaching the language of the host country ............................................................ 99 Subsection 12 – Teaching the mother tongue of the migrant ........................................................ 100 Article 27 – The rights of workers with family responsibilities to equal opportunities and equal treatment ............................................................................................................................................ 101 Subsection 1 – Participation in work life ......................................................................................... 101 Subsection 2 – Parental leave ......................................................................................................... 107 Subsection 3 – The illegality of dismissal due to family responsibilities ......................................... 112 4 Article 7 – The right of children and young persons to protection Subsection 1 – Prohibition on admission of children under the age of 15 years to employment Legal regulation, measures for the implementation of the regulation When compared to the previous reporting period, provisions of the Employment Contracts Act (ECA) that concern the employment of minors have been amended. An Act to amend the Employment Contracts Act and other Acts was approved on 12 April 2017 and it came into force on 8 May 2017. The objective of the amendments was to modernize the regulation of working conditions of minors in a way that it would enable more flexible employment relationships, while also ensuring efficient protection to minors in employment relationships. Pursuant to the amendments, when concluding an employment contract with a minor aged 7–14 years, it is necessary to apply for a permit from the employment register1. Provisions concerning the working time of minors were amended so that, in the case of minors who are subject to compulsory school attendance2, a differentiation is made between working time during a quarter of an academic year and school holidays; additionally, longer working time is allowed in the case of minors aged 15– 17 who are not subject to compulsory school attendance. According to the ECA, the admissibility and works performed by young people depend on their age, duty to attend school and characteristics of the work. According to the ECA, as a rule, an employer shall not enter into an employment contract with a minor who is under 15 years of age and subject to the obligation to attend school, or allow such a minor to work. The ECA stipulates that a minor who is under 15 years or a minor who is subject to compulsory school attendance can be allowed to work only in specific cases provided in the legal framework of which minors are allowed to work in a limited extent and perform works at a limited level of difficulty. More specifically, an employer may enter into an employment contract with a minor of 13–14 years of age or a minor of 15–16 years of age subject to compulsory school attendance and allow him or her to work if the duties are simple and do not require
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