Understanding Knowledge As a Commons
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A NEW VISION of the KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY Brian Chi-Ang Lin National Chengchi University
A NEW VISION OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY Brian Chi-ang Lin National Chengchi University Abstract. To date, more than half of the output in the major OECD countries has been knowledge based. This paper argues, however, that the current growth- oriented exposition of the knowledge economy rooted in the conventional concept of free competition is insufficient for promoting the long-term development of human societies. Although we now live in a knowledge economy, most countries have been concurrently characterized by serious phenomena such as environmental degradation and growing economic inequality. The prospect of meeting global commitments, for instance, to reducing inequality, as outlined in the 1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen and endorsed in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, is bleak and the global society as a whole has become less and less sustainable. Indeed, the world is better seen as composed of numerous (but finite) knowledge economies. To take up the challenge of sustainable development of human societies, we have to develop a pluralistic perspective of the knowledge economy and fully acknowledge the characteristics of each unique knowledge system (such as indigenous knowledge possessed by a small tribe). Once we can help each individual knowledge system develop into a specific set of economic institutions that freely exchange concepts and beliefs with each other in a global environment, we will be able to develop a global economy that embodies a value-committed basis that assures a sustainable path of development on earth. Keywords. Economic inequality; Growth; Indigenous knowledge; Sustainable development; The knowledge economy There are changes in other spheres too which we must expect to come. -
Saving the Information Commons a New Public Intere S T Agenda in Digital Media
Saving the Information Commons A New Public Intere s t Agenda in Digital Media By David Bollier and Tim Watts NEW AMERICA FOUNDA T I O N PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE Saving the Information Commons A Public Intere s t Agenda in Digital Media By David Bollier and Tim Watts Washington, DC Ack n owl e d g m e n t s This report required the support and collaboration of many people. It is our pleasure to acknowledge their generous advice, encouragement, financial support and friendship. Recognizing the value of the “information commons” as a new paradigm in public policy, the Ford Foundation generously supported New America Foundation’s Public Assets Program, which was the incubator for this report. We are grateful to Gigi Sohn for helping us develop this new line of analysis and advocacy. We also wish to thank The Open Society Institute for its important support of this work at the New America Foundation, and the Center for the Public Domain for its valuable role in helping Public Knowledge in this area. Within the New America Foundation, Michael Calabrese was an attentive, helpful colleague, pointing us to useful literature and knowledgeable experts. A special thanks to him for improv- ing the rigor of this report. We are also grateful to Steve Clemons and Ted Halstead of the New America Foundation for their role in launching the Information Commons Project. Our research and writing of this report owes a great deal to a network of friends and allies in diverse realms. For their expert advice, we would like to thank Yochai Benkler, Jeff Chester, Rob Courtney, Henry Geller, Lawrence Grossman, Reed Hundt, Benn Kobb, David Lange, Jessica Litman, Eben Moglen, John Morris, Laurie Racine and Carrie Russell. -
Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development, Selected Essays of Herman Daly ADVANCES in ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Series Editor:Jeroen C.J.M
Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development, Selected Essays of Herman Daly ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Series Editor:Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, ICREA Professor, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain and Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Founding Editor:Robert Costanza, Director, University of Maryland Institute for Ecological Economics and Professor, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies and Zoology Department, USA This important series makes a significant contribution to the development of the principles and practices of ecological economics, a field which has expanded dra- matically in recent years. The series provides an invaluable forum for the publica- tion of high quality work and shows how ecological economic analysis can make a contribution to understanding and resolving important problems. The main emphasis of the series is on the development and application of new original ideas in ecological economics. International in its approach, it includes some of the best theoretical and empirical work in the field with contributions to funda- mental principles, rigorous evaluations of existing concepts, historical surveys and future visions. It seeks to address some of the most important theoretical questions and gives policy solutions for the ecological problems confronting the global village as we move into the twenty-first century. Titles in the series include: Economic Growth, Material Flows and the Environment New Applications of Structural Decomposition Analysis and Physical Input–Output Tables Rutger Hoekstra Joint Production and Responsibility in Ecological Economics On the Foundations of Environmental Policy Stefan Baumgärtner, Malte Faber and Johannes Schiller Frontiers in Ecological Economic Theory and Application Edited by Jon D. -
Info Commons Development Task Force
Information Commons Development Task Force 2008 Recommendations For the Development of the Information Commons Services and Facilities At the University at Albany 2008 – 2010 By the Information Commons Development Task Force Greg Bobish, Jane Kessler, Chris Moore, Lorre Smith, Laura Ryan, and Robert Wachs March 10, 2008 1 Information Commons Development Task Force 2008 Introduction The Task Force charge is to provide ideas for development of the current Information Commons (IC) to allow evolution to the next generation. The Task Force was asked not to be overly constrained by resource limitations, but to provide ideas that may be used by the University Libraries and Information Technology Services to develop facilities, staff and services. The Task Force was encouraged to develop an expanded concept for the IC. The Task Force decided to look at IC‐related web pages at our peer institutions as well as look at additional Information and Learning Commons that featured services and facilities that were innovative. We used the InfoCommons‐L electronic discussion list to find IC sites and discover ideas through those discussions at the international level. We used survey data gathered from users in the University Libraries by the Reference Assessment Librarian during the fall of 2007. We also met with IC staff and asked them to tell us from their experiences what were successful services, what the users indicated that they liked, what problems users were having, and what they requested often that we are not currently offering. We searched the growing body of literature about Information Commons and Learning Commons and drew philosophical and pragmatic ideas from our results. -
Knowledge Commons
Working Paper No. 2018-39 December 2018 Knowledge Commons Forthcoming in Hudson, Blake, Rosenbloom, Jonathan, and Cole, Dan eds. Routledge Handbook of the Study of the Commons, Abingdon, UK: Routledge Michael J. Madison University of Pittsburgh – School of Law Katherine J. Strandburg New York University – School of Law Brett M. Frischmann Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law University of Pittsburgh School of Law 3900 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260-6900 Michael J. Madison Brett M. Frischmann Katherine J. Strandburg Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3300348 Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3300348 Knowledge Commons Michael J. Madison,* Brett M. Frischmann,** and Katherine J. Strandburg*** Forthcoming in Hudson, Blake, Rosenbloom, Jonathan, and Cole, Dan eds. Routledge Handbook of the Study of the Commons Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Draft of 31 August 2017 Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to and overview of the knowledge commons research framework. Knowledge commons refers to an institutional approach (commons) to governing the production, use, management, and/or preservation of a particular type of resource (knowledge). The research framework supplies a template for interrogating the details of knowledge commons institutions on a case study basis, generating qualitative data that may be used to support comparative analysis. I. Introduction This chapter provides an introduction to and overview of the knowledge commons research framework. Knowledge commons refers to an institutional approach (commons) to governing the production, use, management, and/or preservation of a particular type of resource (knowledge). -
A Framework for Analyzing the Knowledge Commons : a Chapter from Understanding Knowledge As a Commons: from Theory to Practice
Syracuse University SURFACE Libraries' and Librarians' Publications Libraries 2005 A Framework for Analyzing the Knowledge Commons : a chapter from Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: from Theory to Practice. Charlotte Hess Syracuse University Elinor Ostrom Indiana University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/sul Part of the Communication Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Hess, Charlotte and Ostrom, Elinor, "A Framework for Analyzing the Knowledge Commons : a chapter from Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: from Theory to Practice." (2005). Libraries' and Librarians' Publications. 21. https://surface.syr.edu/sul/21 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Libraries' and Librarians' Publications by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Framework for Analyzing the Knowledge Commons (Draft 12-2005) Chapter for the forthcoming book Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice (The authors’ names are reversed in the published version) Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom Who hasn’t heard of the six blind men of Indostan encircled around an elephant?1 The six—one a political scientist, one a librarian, one an economist, one a law professor, one a computer scientist, and one an anthropologist—discover, based on their own investigations, that the object before them is a wall, spear, a snake, a tree, a fan, and a rope. The story fits well with the question that propelled this chapter: how can an interdisciplinary group of scholars best analyze a highly complex, rapidly evolving, elephantine resource such as knowledge? Trying to get one’s hands around knowledge as a shared resource is even more challenging when we factor in the economic, legal, technological, political, social and psychological components—each complex in their own right—that make up this global commons. -
Information Commons: Models for Eliteracy and the Integration of Learning
Information Commons: Models for eLiteracy and the Integration of Learning Susan Beatty and Peggy White, University of Calgary Abstract Information Commons are often described as integrated learning facilities, where the user can receive assistance in acquiring information literacy skills and/or technical literacy skills or “e-lit skills”. User acquisition of e-lit skills that support further learning is a desirable goal. Information Commons in academic libraries are designed to facilitate this learning goal, often through an integrated and collaborative service model. What are the models of integrated service delivery for Information Commons in academic libraries? Are there models which have been more effective in fostering the learning of e-lit skills and if so, how? This paper will describe the results of an environmental scan of some of the most successful Information Commons in North America and elsewhere, focusing on the elements of their service and program model that in the authors’ opinion foster e-lit integration. Keywords: Information Commons, e-literacy, learning, university, library Journal of eLiteracy, Vol 2 (2005) 2-14 2 1. Introduction Information Commons are a new type of library facility offering innovative services that facilitate student learning. This paper presents an environmental scan of Information Commons in universities and identifies service and program models that support e- literacy. It examines to what extent instruction and services, supporting formal and informal learning, are offered for technology and information searching, that is e-literacy. It seeks to identify which models of Information Commons best meet this objective and suggest areas for further research. 2. Background During the 1990’s and continuing through the present day, a new type of service facility has begun to appear in academic libraries across North America, Europe, and elsewhere. -
Incorporating the Commons: a Political Economic Analysis
INCORPORATING THE COMMONS: A POLITICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE INVOLVEMENT IN FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE by BENJAMIN J. BIRKINBINE A DISSERTATION Presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2014 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Benjamin J. Birkinbine Title: Incorporating the Commons: A Political Economic Analysis of Corporate Involvement in Free and Open Source Software This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the School of Journalism and Communication by: Dr. Janet Wasko Chairperson Dr. Biswarup Sen Core Member Dr. Gabriela Martinez Core Member Eric Priest, J.D. Institutional Representative and J. Andrew Berglund Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2014 ii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Benjamin J. Birkinbine Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication September 2014 Title: Incorporating the Commons: A Political Economic Analysis of Corporate Involvement in Free and Open Source Software Free (libre) and open source software (FLOSS) emerged in the 1980s as a radical alternative to proprietary software. Fighting back against what FLOSS enthusiasts viewed as overly restrictive intellectual property protections placed on proprietary software, FLOSS was designed with the intent of granting users the right to study, modify, adapt, or otherwise tinker with the source code of software. As such, FLOSS users were able to collaborate in producing software that could be distributed freely and widely to others, who could, in turn, make changes to the software. -
Information Commons
Please do not remove this page Information Commons Kranich, Nancy; Schement, Jorge Reina https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/discovery/delivery/01RUT_INST:ResearchRepository/12643403850004646?l#13643526980004646 Kranich, N., & Schement, J. R. (2008). Information Commons. In Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 547–591). Rutgers University. https://doi.org/10.7282/T3KW5JBB This work is protected by copyright. You are free to use this resource, with proper attribution, for research and educational purposes. Other uses, such as reproduction or publication, may require the permission of the copyright holder. Downloaded On 2021/09/25 21:16:40 -0400 Information Commons 1 Information Commons Nancy Kranich Consultant Jorge Schement Pennsylvania State University Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) Chapter 12: 547-591. ABSTRACT This chapter reviews the history and theory of information commons along with the various conceptual approaches used to describe and understand them. It also discusses governance, financing, and participation in these commons. Today’s digital technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for human creativity, global communication, innovation, and access to information. Yet these same technologies also provide new opportunities to control—or enclose—intellectual products, thereby threatening to erode political Information Commons 2 discourse, scientific inquiry, free speech, and the creativity needed for a healthy democracy. Advocates for an open information society face an uphill battle to influence outcomes in the policy arena; yet they are developing information commons that advance innovation, stimulate creativity, and promote the sharing of information resources. Designers of these new information resources can learn from those who have studied other commons like forests and fisheries. -
Peer Production: a Form of Collective Intelligence.” in Hand- Book of Collective Intelligence, Edited by Thomas Malone and Michael Bernstein
THIS IS A PRE-PRINT VERSION OF PUBLISHED BOOK CHAPTER.THE FINAL VERSION AND THE REFERENCE TO USE WHEN CITING THIS WORK IS: Benkler, Yochai, Aaron Shaw, and Benjamin Mako Hill. (2015) “Peer Production: A Form of Collective Intelligence.” In Hand- book of Collective Intelligence, edited by Thomas Malone and Michael Bernstein. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peer Production: A Form of Collective Intelligence Yochai Benkler ([email protected]) HARVARD UNIVERSITY Aaron Shaw ([email protected]) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Benjamin Mako Hill ([email protected]) UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON INTRODUCTION Wikipedia has mobilized a collective of millions to produce an enormous, high quality, encyclopedia without traditional forms of hierarchical organiza- tion or financial incentives. More than any other twenty-first century collab- orative endeavor, Wikipedia has attracted the attention of scholars in the so- cial sciences and law both as an example of what collective intelligence makes possible and as an empirical puzzle. Conventional thinking suggests that ef- fective and successful organizations succeed through hierarchical control and management, but Wikipedia seems to organize collectively without either. Legal and economic common sense dictates that compensation and contracts are necessary for individuals to share the valuable products of their work, yet Wikipedia elicits millions of contributions without payment or owner- ship. Intuition suggests that hobbyists, volunteers, and rag-tag groups will not Parts of this chapter build upon work published in: Y. Benkler, Peer. “Production and Cooperation” forthcoming in J. M. Bauer & M. Latzer (eds.), Handbook on the Economics of the Internet, Cheltenham and Northampton, Edward Elgar. 1 2 be able to create information goods of sufficient quality to undermine pro- fessional production, but contributors to Wikipedia have done exactly this. -
Information Commons - a Public Policy Report - by Nancy Kranich
- the - Information Commons - a public policy report - by Nancy Kranich THE FREE EXPRESSION POLICY PROJECT BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE at NYU SCHOOL OF LAW e Information Commons: A Public Policy Report © 2004. is report is covered by the Creative Commons “Attribution-No Derivs-NonCommercial” license; see http://creativecommons.org. It may be reproduced in its entirety as long as the Brennan Center for Justice, Free Expression Policy Project is credited, a link to the Project’s Web page is provided, and no charge is imposed. e report may not be reproduced in part or in altered form, or if a fee is charged, without our permission. Please let us know if you reprint. BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE at NYU SCHOOL OF LAW Democracy Program, Free Expression Policy Project 161 Avenue of the Americas, 12th floor New York NY 10013 Phone: (212) 998-6730 Web site: www.brennancenter.org Free Expression Policy Project: www.fepproject.org Author of the report: Nancy Kranich, Senior Research Fellow, Free Expression Policy Project, 2003-04 Editing: Marjorie Heins, Director, Free Expression Policy Project, 2000-04 Design: Jon Hecht table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................ INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... I. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE INFORMATION AGE.. Evolution of the Information Society................................................................... e Promise of the Internet and -
Privacy As Knowledge Commons Governance
Privacy as Knowledge Commons Governance Madelyn Rose Sanfilippo,1 Brett Frischmann,2 & Katherine J. Strandburg3 1. Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University 2. Charles Widger School of Law, Villanova University 3. School of Law, New York University Prepared for delivery at the Workshop on the Ostrom Workshop (WOW6) conference, Indiana University Bloomington, June 19-21, 2019. Ó Copyright 2019 by the authors. Please note that this manuscript is based in part on Sanfilippo, Frischmann, and Strandburg, 2018 and a revised version will be forthcoming in 2020 within Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons, by Cambridge University Press. Privacy as Knowledge Commons Governance Privacy as Knowledge Commons Governance Abstract The Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework, inspired by and adapted from the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, structures analysis of commons governance arrangements around knowledge resources and production. Within the first few dozen empirical applications, scholars routinely encountered privacy concerns and values, along with rules-in-use that govern appropriate personal information flow, in systematically studying commons governance of knowledge production, often even when personal information was not associated with knowledge resources. This paper highlights the interdependence between knowledge flows aimed at creative production and personal information flows and discusses how meta-analysis of past case studies, originally presented in “Privacy as Commons,” and current empirical case research, forthcoming in the edited volume Governing Privacy in Knowledge Commons, has yielded additional questions to supplement the GKC framework, based on the specific governance challenges around personal information. 1. Introduction Although “privacy” and “commons” might on first impression seem conceptually orthogonal or even opposed, a deeper analysis suggests there are insights to be gained from studying information privacy as a question of knowledge commons governance.