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The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: an Analysis of Globalization Effects on Union and Disintegration of Yugoslavia
International ResearchScape Journal Volume 1 Article 1 February 2014 The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: An Analysis of Globalization Effects on Union and Disintegration of Yugoslavia Una Bobinac Bowling Green State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/irj Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bobinac, Una (2014) "The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: An Analysis of Globalization Effects on Union and Disintegration of Yugoslavia," International ResearchScape Journal: Vol. 1 , Article 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/irj.01.01.01 Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/irj/vol1/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International ResearchScape Journal by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Bobinac: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: An Analysis of Globalization Ef Bobinac 1 The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: An Analysis of Globalization Effects on Union and Disintegration of Yugoslavia Una Bobinac ABSTRACT The purpose of writing this project is to identify the influence globalization had in two most important parts of Yugoslavia: its formation as well as its fragmentation. The effects of this ongoing process range from direct intervention in the breakup of Yugoslavia to more indirect influence in its formation. This research strongly centers on previously established and well accepted theories of globalization to illustrate the consequences globalization had on Yugoslavia specifically. Throughout the research, the concept of critical globalism emerges as the prevailing method in the attempt to explain the events that took place in this region. -
The Yugoslav Wars: No. 2: Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia, 1992-2001 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE YUGOSLAV WARS: NO. 2: BOSNIA, KOSOVO AND MACEDONIA, 1992-2001 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nigel Thomas,Darko Pavlovic | 48 pages | 28 Nov 2006 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781841769646 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom The Yugoslav Wars: No. 2: Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia, 1992-2001 PDF Book The insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia was an armed conflict in Tetovo which began when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army NLA militant group began attacking the security forces of the Republic of Macedonia at the beginning of February , and ended with the Ohrid Agreement. Kosovar Albanians were fired in large numbers from public enterprises and institutions, including banks, hospitals, the post office and schools. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague , Netherlands. Retrieved 23 November Ryan Argent rated it it was amazing Oct 19, Institute for Historical Justice and Reconciliation. Its constituent republics declared independence, despite unresolved tensions between ethnic minorities in the new countries, fueling the wars. Slovenia and Croatia desired greater autonomy within the Yugoslav confederation, while Serbia sought to strengthen federal authority. The Balkans. Most of the Serb population in the reclaimed areas became refugees. Galbraith , stated that genocide was occurring. Condition: Brand New. Their boycott escalated into an insurrection in areas populated by ethnic Serbs, mostly around Knin, known as the Log Revolution. Lucktam added it Jan 02, By the end of , Serbia thus became the host of , Serb refugees or internally displaced from Kosovo, Croatia and Bosnia. Washington cautiously welcomes move". International Center for Transitional Justice. Russell Slater rated it really liked it Jun 09, Hart, author of Partisans: War in the Balkans — , the ethnically mixed region of Dalmatia held close and amicable relations between the Croats and Serbs who lived there in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
The Reasons for the Collapse of Yugoslavia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UGD Academic Repository International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied The Reasons for the Collapse of Yugoslavia Dejan Marolov Goce Delchev University, Pance Karagozov 31 , 2000 Shtip, Republic of Macednia [email protected] Abstract The former Yugoslav federation dissolved in early 90's creating five independent successor states. There are many theories that are trying to explain why this happened. However it is extremely hard task to declare which of those theories is the most relevant. This paper is making attempt to combine the most popular and famous theories concerning the issue and to separate the most relevant aspects of each of them. Key words: Yugoslavia; collapse; theories; international system. 1. Introduction The former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was important subject of the international community. Internally this federation was composed by six republics, and two autonomous provinces. It was country located on the historically very important geopolitical region in the Balkans. Yugoslavia dissolved in a bloody civil war in the first half of the 90's. The literature review offers a wide range of explanations for the causes that led to the breakup of the Yugoslav federation. Especially controversial are some conspiracy theories. In this respect the paper is treating the issue concerning the reasons for the collapse of Yugoslavia by reviewing the existing theory, reconsidering them and finally offering its own conclusion that the collapse should be searched equally in both inside and outside the federation. -
Remembering Wartime Rape in Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina
Remembering Wartime Rape in Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarah Quillinan ORCHID ID: 0000-0002-5786-9829 A dissertation submitted in total fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2019 School of Social and Political Sciences University of Melbourne THIS DISSERTATION IS DEDICATED TO THE WOMEN SURVIVORS OF WAR RAPE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA WHOSE STRENGTH, FORTITUDE, AND SPIRIT ARE TRULY HUMBLING. i Contents Dedication / i Declaration / iv Acknowledgments / v Abstract / vii Note on Language and Pronunciation / viii Abbreviations / ix List of Illustrations / xi I PROLOGUE Unclaimed History: Memoro-Politics and Survivor Silence in Places of Trauma / 1 II INTRODUCTION After Silence: War Rape, Trauma, and the Aesthetics of Social Remembrance / 10 Where Memory and Politics Meet: Remembering Rape in Post-War Bosnia / 11 Situating the Study: Fieldwork Locations / 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina: An Ethnographic Sketch / 22 The Village of Selo: Republika Srpska / 26 The Town of Gradić: Republika Srpska / 28 Silence and the Making of Ethnography: Methodological Framework / 30 Ethical Considerations: Principles and Practices of Research on Rape Trauma / 36 Organisation of Dissertation / 41 III CHAPTER I The Social Inheritance of War Trauma: Collective Memory, Gender, and War Rape / 45 On Collective Memory and Social Identity / 46 On Collective Memory and Gender / 53 On Collective Memory and the History of Wartime Rape / 58 Conclusion: The Living Legacy of Collective Memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina / 64 ii IV CHAPTER II The Unmaking -
War in the Balkans, 1991-2002
WAR IN THE BALKANS, 1991-2002 R. Craig Nation August 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or be e-mail at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-134-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword . v Preface . vii Map of the Balkan Region. viii 1. The Balkan Region in World Politics . 1 2. The Balkans in the Short 20th Century . 43 3. The State of War: Slovenia and Croatia, 1991-92. -
Yugoslav Wars 1991-1999 and Some of Their Social Consequences
PART I WAR AND LOSSES Yugoslav Wars 1991-1999 and Some of Their Social Consequences Borislav Radovic (Translated by Jelena Antonijevic) Abstract This paper primarily intends to provide a brief introduction into the causes, chronology and context of the Yugoslav wars 1991 – 1999. It is worth mentioning that this overview has been inevitably abridged, since Yugoslav wars, due to their extreme complexity and tremendous abundance of events, require a separate extensive study. The second part of the paper attempts to point out the specific features of Yugoslav wars, which distinguish them from other wars, which is a widespread practice of ethnic cleansing, great number of improvised prison camps and places of detention and strong reliance on paramilitary formations by all warring sides. Third part represents an attempt to determine the correct number of those killed and missing in the Yugoslav wars. This chapter stresses the difficulties of establishing correct numbers, not only because incomplete and often conflicting material sources, but also due to political manipulations with the number of casualties. Therefore this paper ends with an appeal to finally determine the exact number of casualties, not only for the sake of numeric end to the Yugoslav wars and prevention of various manipulations, but also for the sake of piety and respect for the victims. 25 TORTURE IN WAR: CONSEQUENCES AND REHABILITATION OF VICTIMS POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION INTO THE WARS IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 1991-1999 There is a variety of conflicting opinions about the causes of disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Besides, there are opposing views regarding whether the disintegration of this state was inevitable or it could have been avoided. -
Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995
The War and War-Games in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 The main events, disagreements and arguments, resulting in a “de facto” divided country Magnus Bjarnason (This page intentionally blank.) 2 The War and War-Games in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 The main events, disagreements and arguments, resulting in a “de facto” divided country Magnus Bjarnason 3 Anonymous cover photo: Media images make world politics and one picture is worth a thousand “facts”. Published by author. 2001 ISBN 9979-60-669-x Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This book is intended for academic purposes and for those wishing to study the different aspects of the Yugoslav War of Disintegration. This book is not intended for sale. Extra copies can be obtained from “http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/f99-01.htm” as of 2002. The author wishes to thank the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) for supporting the research and publication of this book. The views expressed are those of the author and may diverge from current NATO policy in the Balkans. 4 The author expresses his sorrow over how politicians have caused such enormous unnecessary suffering to so many individuals. 5 Contents Chapter title: Page: Summary. 9 I. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE YUGOSLAV CIVIL WAR OF THE EARLY 1990s. 10 1. Introduction. 10 2. Background. 11 II. THE YUGOSLAV WAR OF DISINTEGRATION BETWEEN 1991-1995 AS SEEN FROM INSIDE THE CONFLICT AREA. THE WAR IN THE FIELD. 19 3. The Republic of Serbian Krajina, 1991-1995. 19 4. The Bosnian War in 1992. -
The Root Cause of Instability in the Balkans: Ethnic Hatred Or Trans-Border Crime?
International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations (IMIR) The Root Cause of Instability in the Balkans: Ethnic Hatred or Trans-Border Crime? Marko Hajdinjak 2004 Sofia 1303, 55, Antim I St., tel: (+3592) 8323112; fax: 9310-583; e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.imir-bg.org 1 The Root Cause of Instability in the Balkans: Ethnic Hatred or Trans-Border Crime? Introduction The 1990s were marked by the violent dissolution of Yugoslavia and a number of wars and ethnic conflicts in its successor states. This led countless experts to try to explain how and why did this happen. Three most common theories, which appeared were the theory about "ancient hatreds" between the Yugoslav nations, the theory about the political elites, who destroyed Yugoslavia to grab power in the successor states, and the theory about the total breakdown of socialist regime, which led to the outbreak of hostilities. What all these theories have in common is that they all view nationalism as the driving force behind the conflicts and that they, consequently, describe the conflicts and wars as ethnic conflicts. This paper will argue that the root cause of instability and violence on the territory of former Yugoslavia is neither nationalism nor ethnic hatred, but crime. Specifically, what pushed former Yugoslavia into a succession of bloody wars was the symbiosis between authorities and organized crime during the process of creation of new states, which led to a permanent transformation of state/national interests into private ones, fostering the development of corrupt, non-transparent and crime-permeated societies. Countless episodes and events, documented by numerous authors, researchers and, most importantly, the UN Commission of Experts, which compiled thousands of pages of material about the war, demonstrate that the driving force behind the destruction of Yugoslavia was not nationalism, but greed. -
Serbia and the Serbian Rebellion in Croatia (1990-1991)
Serbia and the Serbian Rebellion in Croatia (1990-1991) By Harry Jack Hayball Thesis submitted to Goldsmiths College, University of London, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 Supervised by Professor Jan Plamper 2 Declaration All the work presented in this thesis is my own. Harry Jack Hayball Declaration 3 Abstract It is often suggested that the Serbian rebellion in Croatia in 1990-91 was orchestrated by Serbia, and, in particular, by its president Slobodan Milošević personally. Despite the popularity of this interpretation, however, the literature on the break-up of Yugoslavia is yet to offer a focused study of Serbia's role in the descent into conflict in Croatia. Many sources that have become available in recent years remain unused. Through a critical and cautious use of such sources, including extensive interviews with participants in the conflict and contemporary documentation, this thesis aims to fill this gap in the literature and to update our knowledge of this important aspect of the bloody disintegration of Yugoslavia. Honing in on Belgrade's relationships with Serb political and military/paramilitary leaders in Croatia, as well as Serbia's direct involvement in and attitude towards the road to war, it concludes that the existing focus on Milošević's Serbia has been misplaced. Serbia's stance towards Croatia was hardline, but Belgrade's influence over the Croatian Serbs was limited and its direct involvement in events minimal. Milošević did not have a grand plan to orchestrate violence in Croatia, and the leaders of the Serbian rebellion in Croatia were fundamentally independent and autonomous actors, who, far from being Milošević's puppets, were often in conflict with him. -
Using Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia to Predict the Outcome
Open Political Science, 2020; 3: 1–10 Research Article Thomas Kennedy* Using Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia to predict the outcome of the dissolution of states: factors that lead to internal conflict and civil war https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2020-0001 received December 17, 2019; accepted February 5, 2020. Abstract: During the process of the dissolution of countries, there exist multiple critical junctures that lead to the partition of the territory, where the different groups cannot find a consensus on who rules and how to organize the government. The outcome of these crossroad decisions and political dynamics, who are often set-up centuries ago, either lead to conflict or relative peace between the nations and peoples who express opprobrium towards each other. The most recent cases of the divorce of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia have many similitudes and are therefore appropriate to attempt to theoretically analyze the essential difference between these two types of partitions. The Yugoslav situation led to War between the nations of Croatia, Bosnia, Slovenia and Serbia, with an estimated 140,000 citizens of the former Yugoslav Republics killed, while the Czechoslovak case led to an innocuous settlement of differences and the creation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, who joined the European Union ten years later and saw zero casualties. It is worthwhile to study the relationship between the dissolution of states and conflict using the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav cases for three main reasons. First, the similitude of the two instances enables one to identify variables that bring the outcome of having either peaceful relations or conflict between divorcing nations. -
Gendered Visions of the Bosnian Future: Women’S Activism and Representation in Post-War Bosnia-Herzegovina
GENDERED VISIONS OF THE BOSNIAN FUTURE: WOMEN’S ACTIVISM AND REPRESENTATION IN POST-WAR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA by Elissa Lynelle Helms BA, Bucknell University, 1991 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 1998 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2003 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Elissa L. Helms It was defended on August 1, 2003 and approved by Nicole Constable Joseph Alter Kathleen Blee Dennison Rusinow Robert M. Hayden Dissertation Director ii To the memory of my grandmothers Julia Moore Helms 1906 - 1994 and Ruth Zimmerman Schliebe 1912 - 1998 iii GENDERED VISIONS OF THE BOSNIAN FUTURE: WOMEN’S ACTIVISM AND REPRESENTATION IN POST-WAR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA Elissa L. Helms, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2003 This is an ethnographic study of women’s activism in Bosniac (Muslim) areas of post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina. I examine the activities and representational strategies of activists in women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and political parties as they engage local nationalist and religious discourses, established notions of gender, and the discourses and policies of foreign donors and international bodies. The work is based on over two years (1999-2000) of ethnographic research among women activists, who take a range of approaches to gender and ethno-national/religious identity. I show how women’s attempts to influence the direction of post-war reconstruction often rely on what I term, following Richard G. Fox, “affirmative essentialisms”– over-simplified but positive characterizations of women. -
Conflict Profile
MODERN CONFLICTS: CONFLICT PROFILE Croatia (1991 - 1995) Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, under the leadership of Franjo Tudjman, a hardline nationalist who had been elected president the previous year. Aided by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA), Serb residents took control of a third of the country. The United Nations intervened but was unable to stop communal violence. In 1995, after several broken ceasefires, the Croatian army retook the Serb-held areas. An estimated 40,000 people died in the conflict, which ended with the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. During World War II, Croatian leaders cooperated with the Nazis, murdering hundreds of >> MODERN CONFLICTS thousands of Serbs, Jews, and Roma. After the war, Croatia rejoined the rest of HOME PAGE Yugoslavia as a multi-ethnic state. When Yugolsav leader Marshall Tito died in 1980, nationalist sentiments grew in Croatia and other Yugolsav republics. >> CONFLICTS MAP In 1990 Croatia held its first multi-party election since World War II. Tudjman, leader of >> CONFLICTS TABLE the HDZ party, Franjo Tudjman, was elected by appealing to Croatian nationalist >> PERI HOME PAGE sentiments. Once elected, he declared Croatia the home of the Croat people and designated all other ethnic groups as minorities residing in Croatia. The Serbian National Council, with representatives in the Serb-dominated regions of Croatia, responded by declaring the sovereignty of the Serbian people. Local skirmishes escalated to full-scale war when the Yugoslav general Ratko Mladic led JNA forces and local Serbs in an attack against a small town in the Krajina region. Soon after, the JNA attacked Vukovar, on the Serbian border, killing hundreds of Croat civilians and soldiers taken from the hospital.