A GUIDE TO ONE FIRST EDITION English Speaking Caribbean ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The University of the West Indies, Mona-Western Campus’ Communication, Analysis and Planning class of 2017 wishes to specially thank the following: Lecturers: - Steffon R. K Campbell - Cheryl Belcher- Peart

Sponsors: - The University of the West Indies, Mona- Western Jamaica Campus (UWI WJC) - The Caribbean Institute of Media and Communications (CARIMAC) - Caribbean Airlines - Sandals Resorts International - Elite Conceptz and Solutionz

Special thanks: - Andrae Hewitt - Natalia Crooks - The UWI WJC Guild of Students Photo credits- Bevin Wilkinson Table of contents

pg. 6 & Barbuda 8 Bahamas 10 12 Belize 14 bermuda 16 18 cayman islands 20 22 grenada 24 26 jamaica 28 30 St. Kitts & 32 st. lucia 34 st. vincent & the grenadines 36 Trinidad & Tobago 38 turks & caicos 40 United States virgin Islands 42 6 ANGUILLA

Anguilla is simply put, tranquility wrapped in blue because of its peaceful nature. Many persons flock to the islands’ 35 square miles during peak tourism season to escape their everyday lives and enjoy the islands’ peace, quiet and luxuries. As of 2006 approximately 14,000 persons reside on the island. Tourism is the island’s main industry. Today, Anguilla is a self-governing British overseas territory; however it was once part of a tri-union with St. Kitts and Nevis. There was a revolution in 1967 which led to an official severing of ties in 1980. Anguilla received its own constitution in 1982.

Things to do ▬▬ Moonsplash Music Festival ▬▬ Annual Festival Del Mar ▬▬ Fisherman’s Day ▬▬ Anguilla Summer Festival ANGUILLA 7 ♦♦ Visit the Heritage Museum where everything Places inside the storehouse of history is lovingly compiled by historian Colville Petty O.B.E. The to go museum’s collection chronicles the Anguillan way of life as far back as the Amerindians right down to the present date. ♦♦ A vestige to the island’s colonial past is the centuries old Walkblake House. Built with the blood sweat and tears of slaves, the property is the only plantation house that is still standing. ♦♦ Visit Sandy Ground which offers a breathtaking view of sun, sea, sand and people with it’s panoramic views. The village is surrounded by the ocean on one end, and a large salt pond which was once used for mining salt on the other.

Things we say ▪▪ Ayalard An expression of shock ▪▪ Aya looka wuk Oh my Gosh ▪▪ Above To the east ▪▪ Below To the west ▪▪ Across To the south ▪▪ Scamp Untrustworthy ▪▪ Take out Turn off, as in “take out the lights” ▪▪ Lock off Turn off ▪▪ Eat Used as “taste”. Or, to pertain to texture. E.g., “Da pumpkin eat good?” 8 ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

The twin island nation of is an English speaking commonwealth nation that became emancipated on November 1st 1981. Its first inhabitants are said to be the Amerindian and Ciboney peoples, who referred to the country as Wadadli and Wa’onomi. The islands are central in the Caribbean archipelago. Antigua is 108 square miles, Barbuda is the smaller of the two coming in at 68 square miles. Today the island is most known for its 365 white and pink sand beaches, one for each day of the year. Latest census data indicates that 90,801 people call the twin island nation home.

Things to do Antigua Barbuda ▬▬ Antigua Sailing Week ▬▬ ▬▬ Antigua ▬▬ Mango Fest ANTIGUA & BARBUDA 9 ♦♦ Barbuda, Antigua’s twin sister isle is home to Places a colony that over one hundred thousand frigate birds call home. Visit the Frigate Bird Sanctuary to go to see the birds that frequently travel back and forth between the Galapagos islands for mating. ♦♦ Arguably offering one of the best views in the twin island nation; Shirley Heights is a restored look out and gun battery that was built during the years of British occupation. The lookout gives the viewer a 360 degree view of the island. ♦♦ The Devil’s Bridge is a naturally occurring limestone and coral reef formation. The crashing waves of the Atlantic Ocean and dangerous blow holes carved a narrow strip of rock formation commonly known to Antiguans and Barbudans and the Devil’s Bridge. Preferring death to enslavement, many slaves made their way to the site to take their lives. Things we say ▪▪ Chupit Stupid ▪▪ Da mek That’s why ▪▪ Hab Have ▪▪ Hat Hurt ▪▪ Lacka Like ▪▪ Mawga Skinny ▪▪ Nayga People, or a black person ▪▪ Nyam Eat ▪▪ Bang well Tastes good ▪▪ Dey wid Date ▪▪ Tap Stop 10 BAHAMAS

The Bahamas got their name from the term ‘baja mar’ when Christopher Columbus first observed how shallow the waters surrounding the islands were. Like Jamaica and Bermuda it is considered an archipelago; made up of 700 islands and cays. take up 13,939 sq km in area which is occupied by the islands estimated 377,000 inhabitants. After changing hands from Spain, Britain governed the Bahamas until the country gained independence in 1973.

Things▬▬ to doCarnival ▬▬ Wine And Art Fest ▬▬ Rum Fest ▬▬ Jollification BAHAMAS 11 ♦♦ The Ardastra Gardens is set in four acres Places of lush jungle, filled with indigenous and regional plants, and the gardens are undoubtedly one of to go the most memorable parts of a visit to the Zoo ♦♦ The Blue Lagoon Island, also known by its official name Salt Cay, has been an interesting part of The Bahamas’ history for centuries. Located just three miles from Nassau, it is now the home of the dolphins and sea lions of Dolphin Encounters ♦♦ Go swimming with pigs if you’re staying in Nassau or The Exumas, you can easily book a day trip to go feed Bahamian rock iguanas, visit Blowhole Beach, see the pigs, pet a stingray and hold a starfish. ♦♦ The Bahamas is surrounded by waters from both the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea and the Glass Window Bridge offers the rare opportunity to view both bodies of water at the same time. The stark comparison between the dark rough waters of the Atlantic ocean and the turquoise waters of the Caribbean sea is breathtaking.

Things we say ▪▪ What da wybe is? What’s up?” or “What’s going on?” ▪▪ Een nothin’ “Nothing much!” ▪▪ Well mudda sick! “You’re kidding!” ▪▪ Dem Refers to a group of people ▪▪ Jitney Bus ▪▪ Jam up Crowded or full ▪▪ Potcake Stray Dog 12 BARBADOS

Barbados is a vibrant island nation that boasts a bounty of wondrous natural beauty and gracious hospitality. It is a small, coral island- 431 square Kilometers, and 166 square miles in area. Generally flat, the island rises gradually on its eastern side, while its terraces lead to its famous beaches on the western and southern areas of the island.

Things to do ▬▬ ▬▬ Barbados Reggae Festival ▬▬ Barbados Food & Wine and Rum Festival ▬▬ Holetown festival ▬▬ Celtic Festival ▬▬ Gospelfest ▬▬ Oistins Fish Festival BARBADOS 13 ♦♦ The St Nicholas Abbey is a Jacobean-style Places mansion that is one of the oldest plantation houses in the Caribbean and a must-see stop on any to go island itinerary. The grounds include the Great House, various gardens and a very traditional rum distillery. ♦♦ The Harrison Cave is promoted as one of the island’s premier attractions. The guilded tours would teach you about caves, animal life, rocks and water conservation. ♦♦ The Andromeda Botanic Gardens is the island’s original botanic garden. This lovely spot has two exploratory paths that wind their way through a wide collection of tropical plants, including orchids, ferns, water lilies, bougainvillea, cacti and palms.

Things we say ▪▪ Behind God’s back The countryside or very rural areas ▪▪ Bumpa / bumsi The buttocks ▪▪ Cool-out To relax ▪▪ Backchat A disrespectful reply ▪▪ Cus To insult, swear or use bad words ▪▪ Fuh-true? “For truth?”; for real ▪▪ Playing de’ fool Acting annoying ▪▪ Poppit An idiot ▪▪ Rasshole Idiot, to do foolishness ▪▪ Thingumajig Gadget ▪▪ Wha gine on What’s going on with you ▪▪ Wulloss Used to express disappointment ▪▪ Wufless Worthless, terrible, no good 14 BELIZE

Located in Central America, the beautiful, lush and historical Belize is 22, 966 kilometers and its capital city is ‘Belmopan’. As of December, 31st 2016, the country was estimated to have 371 413 people and in September 21st 1981 it gained its independence. Belize is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional Monarchy and is also the only English speaking country in Central America

Things to do ▬▬ Coast Maya Festival ▬▬ Lobster Fest ▬▬ Garifuna Settlement Day ▬▬ St. George’s Caye Day ▬▬ Belize City Carnival ▬▬ Crooked Tree Cashew Festival ▬▬ Belize Chocolate Festival BELIZE 15 ♦♦ Known to the Caribbean as a historical Places and culturally diverse country, Belize offers its guests the opportunity to visit the Maya temples to go and palaces which began in 1500B.C. ♦♦ The Jaguar Preserve has one of the most extensive jungle hiking trails in the country. The scenic view offers its guests a variety of lush greenery where plants are identified along the trails and animals are often seen. ♦♦ The Maya Ruins was once the very center of the ancient Maya civilization who one of the largest concentrations of temples and underground ritual chambers. The magnificent repository of art in gold, jade, obsidian, pottery, elaborate stone carvings and paintings are a sight for its visitors.

Did you know? ▲▲ Belize has around 900 Mayan sites ▲▲ Belize has the only Jaguar reserve in the world called ‘Cockscomb Basin’ Wildlife sanctuary’.

▪Things▪ Weh gaanwe ahn?say Hello/What’s up? ▪▪ Da weh time? What time is it? ▪▪ Si yoo lata See you later. ▪▪ Ah tayad/mi tayad I’m tired ▪▪ Weh/weh-paat Where is ▪▪ Fu Chroo? Really/Is that right? 16 BERMUDA

Bermuda is a British overseas territory that was granted self- governance in 1968. Although small in size Bermuda is not lacking in natural beauty. Bermuda is not located within the Caribbean archipelago, but it is actually considered to be an archipelago of a few small islands itself. A 2009 estimate indicates that approximately 65,000 people live on the island. Although English is the official language Portuguese is regarded as the second unofficial language. Ethnically the island is primarily populated by descendants of migrant Portuguese labourers and Africans.

Things to do ▬▬ Bermuda Festival of Performing Arts ▬▬ Festa do Senhor Santo Cristo dos Milagres ▬▬ Bermuda Peppercorn Ceremony ▬▬ Bermuda Gombey Festival BERMUDA 17 ♦♦ With 185 steps to the top, the Gibb’s Hill Places Lighthouse is one of the few remaining cast iron lighthouses in the world. to go ♦♦ The Bermuda Museum, Aquarium and Zoo, is a one stop shop where interested parties can view over 200 species of marine life, 300 types of birds, reptiles and mammals. The organization also places firm emphasis in research that will lead to preservation of wildlife and the environment. ♦♦ History has it that the Crystal Cave was discovered by two little boys who were trying to recover their favourite ball that disappeared down a hole. In search of their ball, instead they discovered a whole new world: a cave filled with an underground lake, walls full of rich mineral deposits and a roof of wondrous stalactites. Things we say ▪▪ Bie Boy ▪▪ Chile up Impregnate ▪▪ Blinds Sunglasses ▪▪ Chopsin To hang out ▪▪ Greeze To eat with enthusiasm ▪▪ Iggrunt Stupid ▪▪ Hott Drunk ▪▪ Longtail Single female tourists ▪▪ Mysin To daydream ▪▪ Yuck To make a sudden turn 18 BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

The volcanic archipelago of islands known as the British Virgin Islands is nature’s little secret. The self-governing British Overseas territory has a population of 24,004 spread out over four main islands and several smaller ones. The peaceful community is known for its reef-lined beaches and is a staple attraction for the yachting community.

The Islands British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands: ▲▲ Tortola ▲▲ Virgin Gorda ▲▲ Anegada ▲▲ Jost Van Dyke, along with over 50 other smaller islands and cays. BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS 19 ♦♦ The Virgin Gorda Baths are a whole new Places world unto itself. Its huge granite boulders and grottos full of mystique it’s the perfect place for to go exploration. The luxurious natural saltwater pools make for the perfect stop for rest and relaxation. ♦♦ The Rhone National Maritime Park has the unique quality of being made from a ship wreck. Today that wreck has been transformed into a highly sought after site for diving in the Caribbean. Underwater wonders await those who dare to dive there.

Things to do ▬▬ BVI Spring Regatta and Sailing Festival ▬▬ Spanish Town Fisherman’s Jamboree ▬▬ BVI Music Festival ▬▬ BVI Summer Festival

Things we say ▪▪ Bazzidy Not thinking straight/acting logically ▪▪ Dingee Slow thinker ▪▪ Dingbat Silly person, uses no sense ▪▪ Foolee A complete idiot ▪▪ Deading Laughing very hard ▪▪ Tek a leak Go the urinate ▪▪ Scatta To command someone to leave 20 CAYMAN ISLANDS

Comprising of three serene and colourful islands: Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, collectively their area is 100 square miles. The Cayman Islands are a British Crown Colony where the Grand Cayman is the highest point about 60 feet above sea level and is roughly 22 miles long and 8 miles wide. Cayman Brac is approximately 12 miles long and 1 mile wide while Little Cayman, is the flattest of the three and lies around 5 miles west of Cayman Brac.

Things to do ▬▬ Taste of Cayman Food and Wine Festival ▬▬ Little Cayman Festival ▬▬ Cayman Islands Orchid Show ▬▬ Cayfest ▬▬ Cayman Carnival : Held in early May CAYMAN ISLANDS 21 ♦♦ For all the nature lovers and sea creature Places enthusiasts Stingray City is just for you. Pet, feed and interact with the stingrays while at the same to go time gain a better appreciation for the marine life, nature and wildlife. ♦♦ Used for raising the endangered Green Sea Turtle, the Turtle Farm breeds and raises turtles to sell, but it also serves as a research facility. Things we say ▪▪ Ah Wah Or what? ▪▪ Breddren A close friend ▪▪ Charge Up Extremely drunk and rambunctious ▪▪ Duppy A ghost ▪▪ Wutless Good-for-nothing ▪▪ Stoopidness Pure foolishness 22 DOMINICA

Dominica is affectionately regarded as the nature isle of the Caribbean with its mountainous terrain, lush greenery, roaring waterfalls and lakes. Early settlers referred to the island as Wai’tukubuli which means tall is her body. The island has a history of colonialism, having been settled upon by Christopher Colmbus in 1493, the island changed hands several times throughout history, remaining under British control until its declaration of independence on November 3, 1978. As of 2009 71,898 persons reside on Dominica’s 290 square miles.

Things to do ▬▬ Carnival or ‘The Real Mas’ ▬▬ Cochrane’s Rabbit Festival ▬▬ Kalinago Week ▬▬ World Creole Music Festival DOMINICA 23 ♦♦ Dominica is renowned among whale and Places dolphin watching enthusiasts as being a prime location to witness the majestic mammals in their to go natural habitat. ♦♦ The second largest of its kind, the Boiling Lake is a flooded fumarole; an opening in the earth’s crust near a volcano. The Lake, which resembles a witch’s cauldron is full of bubbling, hot steaming water. It’s located in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park. ♦♦ The Kalinago territories are home to indigenous peoples formerly called Caribs. Immerse yourself in cultural traditions handed down from generation to generation, days tours throughout the Waitukubuli National trail, Isulukati waterfall and the Touna Kalinago Heritage Village, watching the skilled dancers, craftsmen and women and much more. Things we say ▪▪ Brace To be full with food ▪▪ Catapul Slingshot ▪▪ Labass Garbage dump ▪▪ Copawayzuh To be afraid, to be a coward ▪▪ Fou Crazy ▪▪ High sin Locally famous ▪▪ Kixx To laugh or joke about ▪▪ Pose za Chilling ▪▪ Sewo Party/celebration ▪▪ Tralala Drama or confusion 24 GRENADA

Grenada or the spice island as it is also known is an independent tri-island stated which comprises of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite . Although the island’s first settlers were the Amerindian people, it was first colonized by the Spain in the 1500s, and changed later changed hands to the French in the 1600s. The British were the last super power to occupy the territories and were never quite successful in ridding the island from French influences. Grenada occupies 133 square miles of planet earth and is home to an estimated 110,000 people.

Things to do ▬▬ Annual Grenada Sailing Festival ▬▬ Carriacou Carnival ▬▬ Carriacou Maroon and Music Festival ▬▬ Carriacou Parang Festival GRENADA 25 ♦♦ The Under Water Sculpture Park is a Places breathtaking sight of functional art pieces. Located in Molinere Beausejour Marine, the park to go is considered as a protected area. Although beautiful to behold, the sculpted pieces also serve as home to several species of marine life, which were displaced due to damage sustained to the natural coral reef. ♦♦ The Grand Etang Lake is a body of water formed in the crater of a now extinct volcano. It’s a haven to many life forms, and a favoured retreat spot for nature lovers. ♦♦ The River Antoine Rum Distillery was the eye of many an apple when sugar was King in the West Indies. It’s the oldest functional distillery in the Caribbean that uses water-propelling technology. Things we say ▪▪ Allyuh All of you people ▪▪ Aye yah yie Expression of anticipation or pain ▪▪ Ah gone ‘I am leaving now’ ▪▪ Bageede Ghost or spirit ▪▪ Beh Beh Idiot ▪▪ But look my cross! Well, I never ▪▪ Caraho An expression of annoyance ▪▪ Cut skin To spank ▪▪ Dat good for yuh Serves you right ▪▪ Eh-heh Oh really? I understand. Yes. ▪▪ Harden Stubborn; disobedien 26 GUYANA

The cooperative Republic of Guyana, has an area of 83,000 square miles. As of January 2017, Guyana’s population was estimated to be 771, 050 persons. Guyana is divided into administrative regions, with an executive president and parliamentary legislature. A constitutional amendment made in 2001 allows for an executive presidency and a unicameral legislature.

Things to do ▬▬ Divali or the Festival of Lights ▬▬ Phagwah ▬▬ Eid-ul-Azha ▬▬ GUYANA 27 ♦♦ If you want to gain some insight into Places Amerindian culture as well as understand the country’s lifestyle and traditions, you should visit to go the Macushi tribe at Surama Village. ♦♦ One of the four last pristine tropical forests in the world, the Iwokrama Forest, is a protected area and homeland of the Makushi people. ♦♦ Located in Kaieteur National Park, Kaieteur Falls runs for 225km (140 miles) and is roughly four times taller than Niagara Falls. It is one of the tallest and most powerful waterfalls in the world and the largest single-drop waterfall by volume in the world. Things we say ▪▪ How yuh do? How are you? ▪▪ Awa ya do? What are you doing? ▪▪ Abee a guh cook We are going to cook? ▪▪ Na Man No Man ▪▪ Wha rong wit yuh? What’s wrong with you? ▪▪ Come hay! Come here! ▪▪ Draw down Move over. ▪▪ Ayuh catch house Go home! ▪▪ Gwhan from yah Gone from here ▪▪ Wah gwan? Whats going on? ▪▪ Auntie Man Gay man ▪▪ Meh Nah Want I dont want ▪▪ Nah Abedese Not Us 28 JAMAICA

Jamaica, which is known as the land of wood and water, has a total area of 10,991 square kilometres (4244 square miles). The island boasts of its various cultural contributions internationally which include but are not limited to creating eight genres of music including reggae and dancehall. Jamaica’s government can be described as a Parliamentary democracy and is based on a representational government system. The island gained independence from England on August 6, 1962.

Things to do ▬▬ Accompong Maroon Festival ▬▬ Rebel Salute Music Festival ▬▬ Reggae Sumfest ▬▬ Caribbean Fashion Week JAMAICA 29 ♦♦ For the adventurous souls in the world, Places Jamaica offers its guests the opportunity to climb the rocks, take pictures and swim at its to go renowned Dunn’s River Falls. ♦♦ Home of Reggae king, Bob Marley, visitors can immerse themselves in history, culture and music for the soul when they visit the Bob Marley Museum that showcases an assortment of the legends personal treasures. ♦♦ If you’re a lover of food, diving and cultural socialization, then visiting the incomparable Rick’s Cafe is a must. Eat, swim, dive, mingle and watch the sun set, a truly peaceful, quiet and scenic experience in Jamaica. ♦♦ Taste the spirit of the island with the Rum Tour courtesy of Appleton Rum Estate. Take a tour of the distillery while tasting the various rum offered by the estate, can you taste the Jamaican spirit yet? Things we say ▪▪ A so di ting set That’s the way it is ▪▪ Ben Upset, angry ▪▪ Crawny Look awful ▪▪ Deh pon a endz Gone out ▪▪ Goodaz Hot- sexy woman or girl ▪▪ Gyalis A guy who has many women ▪▪ KMT Kiss mi teeth ▪▪ Sick or slap weh Awesome (Da tune deh sick!) ▪▪ Waste man Useless person 30 MONTSERRAT

Montserrat, which is often referred to as the ‘Emerald Isle of the Caribbean’, is known for its active volcanic eruptions over the years and its mountainous terrain. The island boasts of a number of aquatic and environmental attractions and is an internally self-governing overseas territory within the Commonwealth. The British monarch is the head of state, represented by an appointed governor.

Things to do ▬▬ St Patrick’s Festival ▬▬ Calabash Festival ▬▬ Montserrat Carnival ▬▬ Cudjoe Head Celebrations ▬▬ Montserrat International Fishing Tournament ▬▬ Alliouagana Festival of the Word ▬▬ Volcano Half Marathon MONTSERRAT 31 ♦♦ Immerse yourself in history and culture at Places the Montserrat Volcano Observatory where the Soufriere Hills volcano has been actively erupting to go since 1995. ♦♦ The Montserrat National Trust has been at the forefront of preserving and conserving the cultural, historic and archaeological heritage of the Island. Take a guided tour along the nature trails and visit the Natural History Centre Exhibition and the Botanical Garden.

Did you know? ▲▲ Montserrat is the only country other than Ireland to recognise Saint Patrick’s Day as a public holiday. ▲▲ The island is often referred to as the ‘Emerald Isle of the Caribbean’ because of its similarity in shape to Ireland!

Things we say ▪▪ Pret Up Arrogant, snobby ▪▪ Woggi Clothing sent from overseas ▪▪ Jumbee dance Dance ritual used to summon spirits ▪▪ Chupid Stupid 32 ST. KITTS & NEVIS

Saint Christopher (St. Kitts) is 176.8 square kilometers and Nevis is 93.6 square kilometers. St. Kitts and Nevis, was estimated to have 56, 170 people as of December 31st 2016. The twin islands are a constitutional monarchy who recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state. The governor general serves as her representative under advice from the prime minister. The islands gained their independence on 19 September 1983.

Things to do St. Kitts: Nevis: ▬▬ St. Kitts & Nevis ▬▬ Nevis Blues Festival National Carnival or ▬▬ Nevis Mango Festival Sugar Mas ▬▬ Nevis ▬▬ St. Kitts Music Festival Festival ST. KITTS & NEVIS 33 ♦♦ The Brimstone Hill Fortress was built in the Places 17th century by African slaves and was the scene of several battles. It is surrounded by to go former sugar plantations and was dubbed ‘The Gibraltar of the West Indies’. It is also a defunct British fort and UNESCO World Heritage Site. ♦♦ The historic attractions found along the Nevis Heritage Trail circles the island and takes visitors to the abandoned British citadel, Fort Charles, the Hermitage Estate (now a boutique inn), St. John’s and St. Paul’s Anglican Churches. Also included in the route is Saddle Hill fortress, near Montpelier Plantation, which is known locally as ‘Nelson’s Lookout’.

Things we say ▪▪ Arebe All of us ▪▪ Shum deh See it there ▪▪ Dardi buh All right then ▪▪ Moomoo Stupid ▪▪ Hin-ting That thing over there ▪▪ Waahampn to you? Whats wrong with you? ▪▪ Moo deh dardi Excuse me please ▪▪ Dung dey Down there ▪▪ Gu owa dey Move over there ▪▪ Nuh come een yah Do not come in here ▪▪ Entit Isn’t that true? ▪▪ Yuh moda a carl yh Your mother is calling you 34 ST. LUCIA

The first peoples called this island many names including Island ‘louanalao’ (where iguana is found) and also ‘Hiwanarau’ and ‘Hewanoora’. However, the British called her St. Lucia. After being occupied by France, Spain and Britain, St. Lucia gained independence on February 22, 1979. The Pitons (twin volcanoes) sit upon St. Lucia’s 616 square miles. The island hosts thousands of visitors daily, but approximately 172,034 people are year round residents.

Things to do ▬▬ National Flower Festivals ▬▬ St Lucia Jazz and Art Festival ▬▬ Carnival ▬▬ St Lucia food and rum festival ST. LUCIA 35 ♦♦ The Diamond Falls and Botanical Gardens Places are the very embodiment of the word tropical. The sound of the roaring falls, the twittering birds and to go the fragrance of flora form the backdrop of the Diamond Falls and Botanical Gardens. The attraction sits upon an old cocoa plantation near a river ravine. ♦♦ Wall climbing, monkey bars, slides and jumping on the trampoline are in store at Splash Island. It’s a newly opened water sports park that is located in the heart of St. Lucia’s hottest spots- Gros Islet and Rodney Bay ♦♦ The Sulphur Springs was considered to be the place where soul meets death. Rich with the pungent smell and the scorching steam of sulphur. The springs are actually rich in minerals that are said to help preserve youth. They also act as a safety mechanism through releasing steam that stabalises the earth.

Things we say ▪▪ Babylon Oppressive/ corrupt system ▪▪ Bajohn A bully ▪▪ Bobol Corrupt behavior ▪▪ Broughtupsy Proper upbringing or home training ▪▪ Lassie Mucus found at the corner of eyes ▪▪ Para High; Under the influence of drugs ▪▪ Obzokee Awkward in appearance ▪▪ Mumu Someone who cannot speak ▪▪ Garcon Friends; brethren 36 ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has an area of 150 square miles. The Grenadines include the main islands of Bequia, Balliceau, Canouan, Mayreau, Mustique, Isle D’Quatre, Petit Saint Vincent, and Union Island, and over 600 rocky islets. As of January 2017, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was estimated to be 109, 471 people. The island is a constitutional and representative monarchy which gained their independence on October 27 1979.

Things to do ▬▬ Vincy Mas ▬▬ Mustique Music Fest ▬▬ Bequia Music fest ▬▬ Cancouon Regatta ▬▬ Breadfruit Festival ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES 37 ♦♦ Take a boat trip to the Falls of Baleine at Places the northern tip of St. Vincent and experience the freshwater falls stream from volcanic slopes to go that form a series of shallow pools at the base. ♦♦ Visit the luxurious Mustique which is a privately owned gem in the ocean taking up only 4.5 sq km (2 sq miles). This island has long been a hiding place for the rich and famous, including members of the British Royal Family. ♦♦ Visit the peaceful, colourful and lush Botanical Garden.

Things we say ▪▪ Butt To cheat ▪▪ Gossip Idle talk, rumours ▪▪ Commesse Scandal or drama ▪▪ Dotish Stupid ▪▪ Dregs Promiscuous female ▪▪ Saga boy/girl A well-dressed boy/girl ▪▪ Real bodderation Confusion ▪▪ Kicksing Joking or playing around ▪▪ Na even Didn’t even ▪▪ Belly Wukings Severe upset stomach ▪▪ Oogooooo An exclamation of surprise ▪▪ Mudawuk Ghastly surprise, frustrated, fed up ▪▪ Lickrish Greedy ▪▪ Pappy show Behaving silly ▪▪ Smallie Girlfriend or boyfriend 38 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

Known for its exciting and entertaining Carnival, introduced the Caribbean islands to the only instrument created in the 21st century, the Steelpan. Officially named the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a melting pot of cultures that consists of numerous smaller landforms. Trinidad is 4,768 km2 (1,841 sq mi) in area while Tobago is 300 km2 (120 sq mi) and the islands is a unitary republic with a representative government.

Things to do Trinidad: Tobago: ▬▬ Carnival ▬▬ Carib Great Race ▬▬ Divali ▬▬ Great Fete Weekend ▬▬ Indian Arrival Day ▬▬ Tobago Jazz ▬▬ Eid-ul-Fitr Experience TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 39 ♦♦ The Nylon pool is a sandy, shallow stretch Places in the middle of the coral reef with clear, calm water that acts as a natural swimming pool. to go ♦♦ One of only three natural asphalt lakes in the world, Trinidad’s Pitch Lake was used by Walter Raleigh to caulk his ships in 1595. ♦♦ The Caroni Bird Sanctuary is the second largest mangrove wetland on the island and is home to more than 150 bird species including the scarlet ibis, the national bird. ♦♦ Visit the Devil’s Woodyard which is one of the mud volcanoes who got its name after its first eruption in 1852 which shook the entire village of Amerindians who thought that the devil had come out of the earth and felled the woods. Things we say ▪▪ Lime To hang around with friends and acquaintances. ▪▪ Bacchanal Rowdy, scandalous behaviour. ▪▪ Mamaguy To fool someone, to falsely praise ▪▪ Maco Someone who minds other people’s business to gossip ▪▪ Tabanca The feeling of hurt when a romantic relationship ends ▪▪ Yuh faddah head Expression indicating disgust ▪▪ Back chat Insolent response, especially from a child to an adult ▪▪ Ba-John A bully 40 TURKS & CAICOS

Commonly known as a British overseas territory, the beautiful islands of the Turks and Caicos is an archipelago of 40 low-lying coral islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Home to expansive Grace Bay Beach, with luxury resorts, shops and restaurants, the islands are known to offer scuba-diving sites including a 14-mile barrier reef on Providenciales north shore and a dramatic 2,134m underwater wall off Grand Turk Island.

Things▬▬ Turks to and do Caicos Music Festival ▬▬ Caribbean Food and Wine Festival ▬▬ Turks and Caicos Conch Festival TURKS & CAICOS 41 ♦♦ Locally known as ‘Iguana Island’, the nature Places reserve of Little Water Cay is home to the few remaining Rock Iguanas that used to cover most to go of the islands in the Turks and Caicos. ♦♦ If you have an appreciation for marine life but more specifically Conch, then visiting the Conch farm is a must for you. Explore the curious life cycle of the Caribbean Queen Conch from collection of the egg mass through hatching, grow-out and harvesting as an adult. ♦♦ If you have a distinct love for marine life you can’t miss out seeing Smith’s Reef which has several coral heads in the Turtle Cove area. It’s said to be the best spot for snorkelling from the beach on Providenciales and is suitable for new time snorkelers while at the same time there is enough sea life and reef to be of interest the more experienced or seasoned snorkelers.

Things we say ▪▪ Buck To meet/met. ▪▪ Ga Got. ▪▪ I’een A contraction for “I am not. ▪▪ Sak Passe “What’s Up?” ▪▪ Shut Shirt ▪▪ Yeah Man “Ya Mon”/ “Yes”. ▪▪ I Gun I’m going to ▪▪ Buck To Meet/Met ▪▪ Hautun Hurting 42 UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS

Many peoples called the USVI home from the Ciboneys to the Caribs, Tainos and the Arawaks. Today however, the islands are largely populated by Afro-Caribbean people; descendants of enslaved Africans. Over 100,000 persons reside on the islands of St. Croix, St. John and St. Thomas which are American overseas territories. Although steeped in culture persons from around the region also visit the island for shopping and business purposes.

The Islands There are three main islands to visit in the US Virgin Islands, they are; ▲▲ St. Thomas ▲▲ St. Croix ▲▲ St. John UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS 43 ♦♦ Built in the 18th Century the 12 acre Estate Places Whim Plantation has been transformed into a museum. As the oldest plantation property in the to go Virgin Islands it boasts of a fully restored windmill and sugar factory ruins open for tours. ♦♦ The Blackbeard’s Castle was built by Danish occupiers in 1679. Legend has it that the infamous pirate Blackbeard used the castle as a lookout for approaching ships. ♦♦ The Pastory Botanical Garden is the only one of its kind in the USVI. Visitors can opt to immerse themselves in the lush vegetation of the gardens or play a riveting round of golf on the 18 hole golf course. Things to do ▬▬ Mardi Croix ▬▬ Carnival ▬▬ Crucian Christmas Carnival ▬▬ St. Thomas International Regatta Things we say ▪▪ Deh deh Is it there/Here (St. Croix) ▪▪ Come heh Come here ▪▪ Black (Block) To ignore ▪▪ Schupid Stupid ▪▪ Uhhuh pampa lehleh Remark made by school children when another student has gotten in trouble. More reasons to Fly Caribbean

Generous Miles Program It’s easy to qualify and there’s always a bonus promotion for you. Reliable Cargo Service Daily delivery of all your cargo needs. Complimentary Meals* Authentic Caribbean Cuisine prepared by our signature Sky chefs Group Discount Fly with family and friends as a group of 10 or more and enjoy a special discount through First Bag Free our Group Travel Programme. First bag always FREE. Second bag only USD35.

*Special conditions may apply. references: 10 Caymanian phrases you should know about. 10 interesting facts about the U.S Virgin Islands. 18 Monumental Facts about Montserrat Atlanta Blackstar Anguilla News Antigua and Barbuda Government A Virtual Dominica Bahamas.gov Barbados.org Belize.com Belize Travel Blog Bermuda Lighthouse Bermuda Zoological Society Caribbean 360 Caribbean Diaspora Caricom City population Caribbean Diaspora Country meters Discover Dominica Dominica Government Encyclopaedia of National Dress Traditional Go To Bermuda Grenada Geography Guide to Belize Guyana.org Important and Interesting facts about Grenada. Interesting facts about Jamaica most people don’t know Jamaican Slang Always Changing Never Ordinary references: Kalinago Territory Lonely Planet Montserrat Moon Belize Reefci Search Dominica Silver Torch St. Lucia.gov The Telegraph- Nigel Tisdall-St Kitts events Thecrazytourist The commonwealth The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems The Crystal Caves of Bermuda Top Cultural Events Concerts and Festivals in Grenada Travel Belize Travel Guyana Trip Advisor Trip Advisor- Montserrat US Virgin Islands Local Dialect: Words, Phrases and Sayings Visit Antigua Barbuda Visit Montserrat Where is the U.S Virgin Islands: :Geography Wi words World Atlas World Travel Guide Wow Travel NOTES: