Insights Into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia
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Genetic Analysis of the Liverwort Marchantia Polymorpha Reveals That
Research Genetic analysis of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha reveals that R2R3MYB activation of flavonoid production in response to abiotic stress is an ancient character in land plants Nick W. Albert1 , Amali H. Thrimawithana2 , Tony K. McGhie1 , William A. Clayton1,3, Simon C. Deroles1 , Kathy E. Schwinn1 , John L. Bowman4 , Brian R. Jordan3 and Kevin M. Davies1 1The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand; 2The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; 3Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand; 4School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia Summary Author for correspondence: The flavonoid pathway is hypothesized to have evolved during land colonization by plants Kevin M. Davies c. 450 Myr ago for protection against abiotic stresses. In angiosperms, R2R3MYB transcription Tel: +64 6 3556123 factors are key for environmental regulation of flavonoid production. However, angiosperm Email: [email protected] R2R3MYB gene families are larger than those of basal plants, and it is not known whether the Received: 29 October 2017 regulatory system is conserved across land plants. We examined whether R2R3MYBs regulate Accepted: 19 December 2017 the flavonoid pathway in liverworts, one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages. We characterized MpMyb14 from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using genetic New Phytologist (2018) 218: 554–566 mutagenesis, transgenic overexpression, gene promoter analysis, and transcriptomic and doi: 10.1111/nph.15002 chemical analysis. MpMyb14 is phylogenetically basal to characterized angiosperm R2R3MYB flavonoid regulators. Key words: CRISPR/Cas9, evolution, Mpmyb14 knockout lines lost all red pigmentation from the flavonoid riccionidin A, flavonoid, liverwort, MYB, stress. -
Seed Plant Models
Review Tansley insight Why we need more non-seed plant models Author for correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing1,2 Stefan A. Rensing 1 2 Tel: +49 6421 28 21940 Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany; BIOSS Biological Signalling Studies, Email: stefan.rensing@biologie. University of Freiburg, Sch€anzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany uni-marburg.de Received: 30 October 2016 Accepted: 18 December 2016 Contents Summary 1 V. What do we need? 4 I. Introduction 1 VI. Conclusions 5 II. Evo-devo: inference of how plants evolved 2 Acknowledgements 5 III. We need more diversity 2 References 5 IV. Genomes are necessary, but not sufficient 3 Summary New Phytologist (2017) Out of a hundred sequenced and published land plant genomes, four are not of flowering plants. doi: 10.1111/nph.14464 This severely skewed taxonomic sampling hinders our comprehension of land plant evolution at large. Moreover, most genetically accessible model species are flowering plants as well. If we are Key words: Charophyta, evolution, fern, to gain a deeper understanding of how plants evolved and still evolve, and which of their hornwort, liverwort, moss, Streptophyta. developmental patterns are ancestral or derived, we need to study a more diverse set of plants. Here, I thus argue that we need to sequence genomes of so far neglected lineages, and that we need to develop more non-seed plant model species. revealed much, the exact branching order and evolution of the I. Introduction nonbilaterian lineages is still disputed (Lanna, 2015). Research on animals has for a long time relied on a number of The first (small) plant genome to be sequenced was of THE traditional model organisms, such as mouse, fruit fly, zebrafish or model plant, the weed Arabidopsis thaliana (c. -
The Gemma of (Marchantiaceae, Marchantiophyta)
蘚苔類研究(Bryol. Res.) 12(1): 1‒5, July 2019 The gemma of Marchantia pinnata (Marchantiaceae, Marchantiophyta) Tian-Xiong Zheng and Masaki Shimamura Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy and Ecology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1‒3‒1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima 739‒8526, Japan Abstract. The novel morphology of gemma in Marchantia pinnata Steph., an endemic species to east Asia, is reported for the first time. The outer shape of gemma is gourd-like with maximum width ca. 250 µm and length ca. 350 µm. The surface is not smooth due to the swelling of the cells. The margin of gemmae is never entire due to mammillose and with several papillae on marginal cells. The two apical notches have no mucilage hairs. These morphologies are widely different from those of a com- mon species, M. polymorpha subsp. ruderalis with larger and nearly circular in outer shape, entire margin and mucilage hairs in notches. Morphological characters of gemmae might be useful for the identification of Marchantia species. Key words: Marchantiaceae, Marchantia pinnata, gemma, mucilage hair 鄭天雄・嶋村正樹:ヒトデゼニゴケの無性芽(〒739‒8526 広島県東広島市鏡山1‒3‒1 広島大学大学院 統合生命科学研究科 植物分類・生態学研究室) 東アジア固有種であるヒトデゼニゴケ Marchantia pinnata Steph. の無性芽の形態について報告する. ヒトデゼニゴケの無性芽は,ひょうたん型の外形を持ち,長さと幅の最大値はそれぞれ350 µm,250 µm 程度,二つのノッチには粘液毛がない.また,無性芽の縁の細胞は円錐状のマミラを持ち,パピラが散 在する.これらの形態は,ほぼ円形でより大きな外形を持ち,縁が全縁,ノッチに粘液毛を有するゼニ ゴケの無性芽とは明らかに異なる.ゼニゴケ属における無性芽の形態の多様性は,種を識別するための 有用な形質として扱えるかもしれない. gemmae is multicellular discoid structure with two Introduction laterally placed apical notches. The central part is several cells thick and becomes gradually thinner to- The asexual reproduction propagule, organ gem- ward the unistratose margin(Shimamura 2016). mae shows the high morphological diversity for each Marchantia pinnana Steph., an endemic species of taxon of liverworts. -
Introduction to Botany. Lecture 31
Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Introduction to Botany. Lecture 31 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University November 16, 2011 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Outline 1 Questions and answers 2 Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Outline 1 Questions and answers 2 Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 2 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Previous final question: the answer 1 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh 2 Citrus 3 Piperaceae Where is a genus name? Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Previous final question: the answer 1 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh 2 Citrus 3 Piperaceae Where is a genus name? 2 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Results of Exam 3 (statistical summary) Summary: Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA’s 43.00 67.00 79.00 78.36 92.00 108.00 5.00 Grades: F D C B max 61 72 82 92 102 Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Results of Exam 3 (the curve) Density estimation for Exam 3 (Biol 154) 61 92 (F) (B) Points Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Bryophyta: mosses Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Bryophyta: mosses Shipunov BIOL 154.31 Questions and answers Bryophyta: mosses Kingdom Vegetabilia: plants Three main phyla Bryophyta: gametophyte predominance Pteridophyta: sporophyte predominance, no seed Spermatophyta: -
S41467-021-25308-W.Pdf
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25308-w OPEN Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota ✉ ✉ Luis Javier Galindo 1 , Purificación López-García 1, Guifré Torruella1, Sergey Karpov2,3 & David Moreira 1 Compared to multicellular fungi and unicellular yeasts, unicellular fungi with free-living fla- gellated stages (zoospores) remain poorly known and their phylogenetic position is often 1234567890():,; unresolved. Recently, rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses of two atypical parasitic fungi with amoeboid zoospores and long kinetosomes, the sanchytrids Amoeboradix gromovi and San- chytrium tribonematis, showed that they formed a monophyletic group without close affinity with known fungal clades. Here, we sequence single-cell genomes for both species to assess their phylogenetic position and evolution. Phylogenomic analyses using different protein datasets and a comprehensive taxon sampling result in an almost fully-resolved fungal tree, with Chytridiomycota as sister to all other fungi, and sanchytrids forming a well-supported, fast-evolving clade sister to Blastocladiomycota. Comparative genomic analyses across fungi and their allies (Holomycota) reveal an atypically reduced metabolic repertoire for sanchy- trids. We infer three main independent flagellum losses from the distribution of over 60 flagellum-specific proteins across Holomycota. Based on sanchytrids’ phylogenetic position and unique traits, we propose the designation of a novel phylum, Sanchytriomycota. In addition, our results indicate that most of the hyphal morphogenesis gene repertoire of multicellular fungi had already evolved in early holomycotan lineages. 1 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ✉ Petersburg, Russia. 3 St. -
Pteridophyte Fungal Associations: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
This is a repository copy of Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109975/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Pressel, S, Bidartondo, MI, Field, KJ orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-2360 et al. (2 more authors) (2016) Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6). pp. 666-678. ISSN 1674-4918 https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12227 © 2016 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Pressel, S., Bidartondo, M. I., Field, K. J., Rimington, W. R. and Duckett, J. G. (2016), Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 54: 666–678., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12227. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. -
Desktop Biodiversity Report
Desktop Biodiversity Report Land at Balcombe Parish ESD/14/747 Prepared for Katherine Daniel (Balcombe Parish Council) 13th February 2014 This report is not to be passed on to third parties without prior permission of the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre. Please be aware that printing maps from this report requires an appropriate OS licence. Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre report regarding land at Balcombe Parish 13/02/2014 Prepared for Katherine Daniel Balcombe Parish Council ESD/14/74 The following information is included in this report: Maps Sussex Protected Species Register Sussex Bat Inventory Sussex Bird Inventory UK BAP Species Inventory Sussex Rare Species Inventory Sussex Invasive Alien Species Full Species List Environmental Survey Directory SNCI M12 - Sedgy & Scott's Gills; M22 - Balcombe Lake & associated woodlands; M35 - Balcombe Marsh; M39 - Balcombe Estate Rocks; M40 - Ardingly Reservior & Loder Valley Nature Reserve; M42 - Rowhill & Station Pastures. SSSI Worth Forest. Other Designations/Ownership Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; Environmental Stewardship Agreement; Local Nature Reserve; National Trust Property. Habitats Ancient tree; Ancient woodland; Ghyll woodland; Lowland calcareous grassland; Lowland fen; Lowland heathland; Traditional orchard. Important information regarding this report It must not be assumed that this report contains the definitive species information for the site concerned. The species data held by the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (SxBRC) is collated from the biological recording community in Sussex. However, there are many areas of Sussex where the records held are limited, either spatially or taxonomically. A desktop biodiversity report from SxBRC will give the user a clear indication of what biological recording has taken place within the area of their enquiry. -
Of Mount Sibayak North Sumatra, Indonesia Marchantia
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2, 2013: 73 - 80 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2013.20.2.3 THE LIVERWORT GENUS MARCHANTIA (MARCHANTIACEAE) OF MOUNT SIBAYAK NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA ETTI SARTINA SIREGAR1,2 , NUNIK S. ARIYANTI 3 , and SRI S.TJITROSOEDIRDJO3,4 1 Plant Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB-Campus Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia 2University of Sumatra Utara, Medan, Indonesia 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB-Campus Darmaga, Bogor Indonesia 4 SEAMEO BIOTROP, Jl. Raya Tajur km 6, Bogor, Indonesia Received 21 January 2013/Accepted 02 July 2013 ABSTRACT Knowledge on the liverworts (Marchantiophyta) flora of Sumatra is very scanty including that of genusMarchantia (Marchantiaceae). This study was conducted to explore the diversity of Marchantia in Mount Sibayak North Sumatra, Indonesia. Altogether, seven species of Marchantia are found in Mount Sibayak North Sumatra, of which five are previously known (Marchantia acaulis , M. emarginata , M. geminata , M. paleacea , and M. treubii ), while one is as new species record (M. polymorpha ) for Sumatra, and one species has not been identified ( Marchantia sp. ). An identification key to the species of Marchantia from Sumatra is provided. Key words: Liverwort,Marchantia , Marchantiaceae, Mount Sibayak, North Sumatra INTRODUCTION Marchantia L. is one of the largest genera in the liverworts order Marchantiales. This genus is represented by 36 species found in the world (Bischler-Causse 1998). In Indonesia especially Sumatra, the floristic work onMarchantia is still very scarce. Herzog (1943) in his study of liverworts from Sumatra, recorded three species of Marchantia,namely M. emarginata , M. mucilaginosa and M. -
Plant of the Week Liverworts
Plant of the Week LLiivveerrwwoorrttss It is hard to believe that a group of plants that includes so many beautiful species, has been saddled with such an awful name. The name liverwort comes from the Anglo- Saxon word “lifer” (liver) and “wyrt” (a plant), the inference being that plants that look like organs of the human body might 1 Telaranea centipes – a leafy provide medicinal benefits for that organ . liverwort Photo: Ron Oldfield Liverworts are close relatives of mosses. Traditionally, they were considered to be one class (Hepaticae) of the division Bryophyta of the Plant Kingdom. The other two classes were the mosses (musci) and the hornworts (Anthocerotae). Using modern molecular techniques, botanists have now elevated each of these classes to divisions of the plant kingdom, so now only mosses belong to the Division Bryophyta. Liverworts are placed in the Division Marchantiophyta and hornworts in the Division Anthocerophyta. All three divisions are now collectively referred to as “Embryophytes”, that is, land plants that do not have a vascular system. Embryophytes are believed to have evolved from a family of freshwater algae, the Charophyceae. In 1994, it was proposed that the three lineages of bryophytes, formed a gradient leading to the vascular plants. The most recent hypothesis is that hornworts share a common ancestor with vascular plants and liverworts are a sister lineage to all other extant embryophytes. Mosses bridge the gap between liverworts 2 and hornworts . Liverworts Mosses Hornworts Tracheophyte s Charophyceae Lunularia cruciata – a thallose liverwort Photo: Ron Oldfield There are two readily identifiable groups of liverworts: thallose liverworts appear to be relatively simple structures, and form flattened green plates that are not differentiated into stems and leaves. -
Evolution and Networks in Ancient and Widespread Symbioses Between Mucoromycotina and Liverworts
This is a repository copy of Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150867/ Version: Published Version Article: Rimington, WR, Pressel, S, Duckett, JG et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. Mycorrhiza, 29 (6). pp. 551-565. ISSN 0940-6360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Mycorrhiza (2019) 29:551–565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts William R. Rimington1,2,3 & Silvia Pressel2 & Jeffrey G. Duckett2 & Katie J. Field4 & Martin I. Bidartondo1,3 Received: 29 May 2019 /Accepted: 13 September 2019 /Published online: 13 November 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Like the majority of land plants, liverworts regularly form intimate symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina). -
Divergence Times and the Evolution of Morphological Complexity in an Early Land Plant Lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a Slow Molecular Rate
Research Divergence times and the evolution of morphological complexity in an early land plant lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a slow molecular rate Juan Carlos Villarreal A.1,3,4, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler2, Michelle L. Hart1, David G. Long1 and Laura L. Forrest1 1Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK; 2Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; 3Present address: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama; 4Present address: Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 Summary Authors for correspondence: We present a complete generic-level phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts, a lineage Juan Carlos Villarreal A that includes the model system Marchantia polymorpha. The complex thalloids are remark- Tel: +1418 656 3180 able for their slow rate of molecular evolution and for being the only extant plant lineage to Email: [email protected] differentiate gas exchange tissues in the gametophyte generation. We estimated the diver- Laura L. Forrest gence times and analyzed the evolutionary trends of morphological traits, including air cham- Tel: + 44(0) 131248 2952 bers, rhizoids and specialized reproductive structures. Email: [email protected] A multilocus dataset was analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Received: 29 June 2015 Relative rates were estimated using local clocks. Accepted: 15 September 2015 Our phylogeny cements the early branching in complex thalloids. Marchantia is supported in one of the earliest divergent lineages. The rate of evolution in organellar loci is slower than New Phytologist (2015) for other liverwort lineages, except for two annual lineages. -
Harrison, J. (2017)
Harrison, J. (2017). Developmental and genetic innovations in the evolution of plant body plans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1713), [20150490]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0490 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1098/rstb.2015.0490 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via the Royal Society at http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/372/1713/20150490. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 18, 2017 Development and genetics in the evolution of land plant body plans rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org C. Jill Harrison School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK CJ, 0000-0002-5228-600X Review The colonization of land by plants shaped the terrestrial biosphere, the geo- Cite this article: Jill Harrison C. 2017 sphere and global climates. The nature of morphological and molecular Development and genetics in the evolution of innovation driving land plant evolution has been an enigma for over 200 years. Recent phylogenetic and palaeobotanical advances jointly demon- land plant body plans.