KPMG in the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname a Fresh Perspective on Client Issues

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

KPMG in the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname a Fresh Perspective on Client Issues KPMG IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN AND SURINAME A fresh perspective on client issues Business is tough. There’s a minefield of regulations to tackle; constant cost pressures and increased competition from both home and abroad to consider – as well as your organiza- tion’s own growth agenda. Being flexible, dynamic and ready to respond are modern-day conditions of business success. At KPMG, we’ve invested years into Known for tackling difficult challenges – helping organizations cope in the bad KPMG’s Advisory Services combines times, succeed in the good times and technical, business and market skills do what they need to do (and more) the with an appetite for delivering workable rest of the time. When we visit client solutions. And because we really care businesses, we’re not just looking at about our clients’ success, you’ll find isolated issues but at the whole picture that our relationship with you isn’t a to see how we can deliver the best one-off but something that endures. all-round growth, governance and performance strategies. We want our Based on our years of experience globally clients to be successful which is why and locally in the Dutch Caribbean, we we work hard at getting the chemistry notice a recognizable structure in our right and giving you objective advice clients’ challenges. The challenges and to preserve and maximize the value in issues our clients face typically fall into your business. three main areas – Growth, Performance and Governance. It is here that KPMG has positioned its expertise to work with you as you restructure and expand. Graphically we see the C-agenda like the circle on the left of this text. All of the policy considerations or issues are on the KPMG C-level agenda in some shape or form, regardless of the size and nature of the organization in question. And any C-level official will acknowledge that growth, governance, and performance all need to be adequately and sufficiently considered in order to be successfull and safeguard the company’s profitability and continuity. Advisory Services – tackling your challenges Growth – creating value Performance – maximizing value Governance - preserving value Most companies will experience growing Efficiency is about much more than cost Good governance is all about managing pains as they take on their challenges management. It’s about driving value risks, establishing clear control systems and this is where KPMG works along- throughout the business; enhancing and communicating the health of the side clients to help them minimize risks productivity, optimizing supply chain and organization to the capital markets. It is and maximize returns, for example procurement processes; maximizing also about preventing risk, ensuring when: technology resources; improving finan- compliance with regulations and cial processes and creating a culture that ultimately, gaining value from the n Entering new markets is focused on enhancing the business. compliance process. Yet compliance n Growing from transactions KPMG can help to rapidly reduce imme- with legislation, regulations and codes n Diminishing risk and enhancing diate costs; to develop sustainable plans of governance is often a heavy burden opportunities from acquisition that can turn around businesses. KPMG for organizations. Across jurisdictions, n Squeezing enhanced value from can help in diverse ways to maximize KPMG brings extensive expertise in disposals value, for example in: global and local standards and industry n Seizing control and realizing value specific regulations. We can help sup- from post-acquisition n Efficiency and cost optimization port companies with: n Financing, refinancing and releasing n Driving strategic changes throughout capital value the business model n International account standards n Value from major infrastructure n Embedding a culture of cost such as IFRS projects and alternative assets management throughout the business n Compliance with industry specific n Structure bid proposals n Streamlining traditional financial and and government related regulations n Advice on financing, structuring and regulatory processes to reduce costs n Optimizing organization risk managing a major infrastructure and free up time n Assess and manage enterprise-wide project. n Effectively utilizing IT throughout the risk organization n Put an appropriate controls n Recruiting Resources framework in place n Maximizing efficiency in systems and n Identify how the organization is controls within the technology, best able to respond to risk and finance, treasury and HR functions whether the right people, policies n Increasing capacity for high and procedures are in place performance through supply chain n Drive optimal efficiency and and procurement enhancements, effectiveness from internal audit sourcing and shared services n IT Security n Rapid cost reduction n Corporate Governance Scan n Cash flow management n Integrity. n Turnaround planning and implementation n Financial Restructuring. KPMG in the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname In the challenging and dynamic marketplace we constantly navigate in, companies require a committed professional service provider who truly understands their business and delivers quality services consistently. For more than half a century, companies in the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname have relied on KPMG to provide sound and valu- able business advice and help to manage their business risks. Our practice KPMG in the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname is one of the leading local providers of Audit, Tax & Legal Services and Advisory services. With a professional staff of over 190 employees, we serve our customers from our offices, which are situated on Aruba, Curaçao, St. Maarten, Bonaire and Suriname. As part of the International KPMG network, the Dutch Caribbean practice draws upon skills and expertise of the firm’s professional staff throughout the world. Our success is based on focused industry knowledge and our focus on our people. “We are deeply rooted Wide variety of cultures in the Dutch Caribbean The official language at KPMG Dutch Caribbean is English, but our staff collectively society. Moreover our speaks over 10 different languages, and on average each member of our staff speaks staff reflects this at least 2 languages fluently. These languages range anywhere from German to ‘melting pot’, which Portuguese to Indian. This is due to diversity found within KPMG and in the Dutch is so characteristic for Caribbean as a whole. the Dutch Caribbean. We are part of an international organization, but we are still deeply rooted in the Dutch Because of this, we Caribbean society. Moreover our staff reflects this “melting pot” or fusion, which is understand the society, so characteristic for the Dutch Caribbean. Because of this, we understand the society, its specific cultures its specific cultures and feelings. and business needs.” Community involvement Our social commitment is given shape in the ‘KPMG Community Foundation’. The aim of this foundation is to organize social, scientific, educational and charitable activi- ties, and will financially support activities organized by local entities that are actively involved in community, educational, social or charitable work. kpmg.an Contact us KPMG’s Advisory Services is part of Curaçao Joost van Beek KPMG in the Dutch Caribbean and Emancipatie Boulevard 18 Director Suriname, one of the leading Willemstad [email protected] providers of Audit, Tax and Advisory Tel. (599-9) 732-5100 or 732-KPMG services within the region. Fax (599-9) 737-5588 St. Maarten Active from offices on Curaçao, Van Goghstraat 4, Unit 1 Aruba, Bonaire, Sint Maarten and Bonaire Philipsburg Suriname, our knowledgeable and Kaya Gobernador N. Debrot 58 Tel. (599) 542-3672 industry focused professionals Kralendijk Fax. (599) 542-4738 provide our clients with a wide Tel. (599) 717-6025 array of services to help meet their Fax (599) 717-6631 Henk de Zeeuw business challenges. Managing Director For more information on KPMG’s Henk de Zeeuw [email protected] Advisory Services, please visit Managing Director [email protected] our Web site www.kpmg.an or Aruba contact one of the following Wayaca 31-D Patrick Newton professionals: Oranjestad Managing Director Tel. (297) 525-5764 [email protected] Fax. (297) 583-9365 Raymond Begina Managing Director Suriname [email protected] Henck Arronstraat 16 Paramaribo Giovanni Quilotte Tel. (597) 420 603 Director Fax. (597) 421 534 [email protected] Patrick Newton Jim van Luipen Managing Director Director [email protected] [email protected] The information contained herein is of general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances © 2010 KPMG Advisory Services B.V., a Netherlands Antilles limited of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavor to provide accurate and timely information, liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation. The KPMG logo and name are Printed in the Netherlands Antilles. trademarks of affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity..
Recommended publications
  • 'Good Governance' in the Dutch Caribbean
    Obstacles to ‘Good Governance’ in the Dutch Caribbean Colonial- and Postcolonial Development in Aruba and Sint Maarten Arxen A. Alders Master Thesis 2015 [email protected] Politics and Society in Historical Perspective Department of History Utrecht University University Supervisor: Dr. Auke Rijpma Internship (BZK/KR) Supervisor: Nol Hendriks Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 From Colony to Autonomy ......................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Status Quaestionis .................................................................................................................... 11 Colonial history .............................................................................................................................. 12 Smallness ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2. Adapting Concepts to Context ................................................................................................. 19 2.1 Good Governance ..................................................................................................................... 19 Development in a Small Island Context ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 – Dutch Colonialism, Islam and Mosques 91 4.2
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Constructing mosques : the governance of Islam in France and the Netherlands Maussen, M.J.M. Publication date 2009 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Maussen, M. J. M. (2009). Constructing mosques : the governance of Islam in France and the Netherlands. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:01 Oct 2021 CHAPTER 4 Dutch colonialism, Islam and mosques 4.1. Introduction The Dutch East Indies were by far the most important Dutch colony. It was also the only colony where a purposeful policy towards Islam was developed and this aspect of Dutch colonial policy in particular attracted attention from other imperial powers. In 1939 the French scholar Georges Henri Bousquet began his A French View of the Netherlands Indies by recalling that: “No other colonial nation governs relatively so many Moslem subjects as do the Netherlands”.
    [Show full text]
  • Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
    rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV.
    [Show full text]
  • Paramaribo As Dutch and Atlantic Nodal Point, 1650–1795
    Paramaribo as Dutch and Atlantic Nodal Point, 1650–1795 Karwan Fatah-Black Introduction The Sociëteit van Suriname (Suriname Company, 1683–1795) aimed to turn Suriname into a plantation colony to produce tropical products for Dutch mer- chants, and simultaneously provide a market for finished products and stimu- late the shipping industry.1 To maximize profits for the Republic the charter of the colony banned merchants from outside the Republic from connecting to the colony’s markets. The strict mercantilist vision of the Dutch on how the tropical plantation colony should benefit the metropolis failed to materialize, and many non-Dutch traders serviced the colony’s markets.2 The significant breaches in the mercantilist plans of the Dutch signify the limits of metropoli- tan control over the colonial project. This chapter takes ship movements to and from Paramaribo as a very basic indication for breaches in the mercantilist plans of the Dutch: the more non- Dutch ships serviced Suriname relative to the number of Dutch ships, the less successful the Suriname Company was in realizing its “walled garden” concept of the colony. While Suriname had three European villages (Torarica, Jodensavanne and Paramaribo) in the seventeenth century, Paramaribo became its sole urban core in the eighteenth century. This centralization and * The research done for this chapter was first presented in a paper at the European Social Science and History Conference 2010 in Ghent and figures prominently in the PhD disserta- tion Suriname and the Atlantic World, 1650–1800 defended on 1 October 2013 at Leiden University. 1 Octroy ofte fondamentele conditien, onder de welcke haer Hoogh.
    [Show full text]
  • Magna Nov 44 Nov 15
    November 2017, Vol. 28, No. 2 Magazine of the Friends of The National Archives Elmina Castle (detail). Gerard van Keulen after Johannes Vingboons (c.1640), watercolour, 1706 (Nationaal Archief, The Hague, collection maps). ‘By the ship Diamond, via the West Indies’: The captured archive of the Dutch slave forts rediscovered in The National Archives Erik van der Doe, archivist at the Dutch preservation programme Metamorfoze, unravels how the long-lost records from West Africa ended up in the Prize Papers and highlights their importance. In 1803 ten years of records of the Dutch slave forts in West Africa were put aboard ship for the Netherlands. The archive never arrived at its destination, the Council of the American Colonies and Territories – a successor of the Dutch West India Company1 – in The Hague. It turns out that the archive was captured by the British and finally ended up at The National Archives (TNA) in London. Recently it was rediscovered and its conservation and digitisation funded by Metamorfoze. In the Netherlands the news of this rediscovery was covered by the Dutch National Geographic.2 Metamorfoze is the national programme for the Britain/England (before 1707), Spain and France. In preservation of the paper heritage of the Netherlands. It fifth place were the Dutch, with around 600,000 slaves. is part of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science In 2013, it was 150 years since the Netherlands and is located at the Royal Library/National Library of abolished slavery in Surinam and the Dutch Antilles, the Netherlands3 in The Hague. Metamorfoze issues and in 2014 it was 200 years since the trans-Atlantic subsidies to heritage institutions to carry out projects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coppename Kwinti: Notes on an Afro-American Tribe in Surinam
    DIRK H. VAN DER ELST THE COPPENAME KWINTI: NOTES ON AN AFRO-AMERICAN TRIBE IN SURINAM I History and Development Kwinti origins and settlement—Population size—Language, isolation and obscurity. II Organization and Ideology Foreign affairs — Internal affairs — Clan and lineage — Marital relations — Christianity — Native polytheism III Culture Change and Viability Population and culture — Village economy — Ecology and acculturation — Adaptations — Factors in future viability References The ethnographic data for this report were collected during a ten-weeks' pilot study which my wife Kathleen and I conducted among the Bitagron Kwinti in the summer of 1973. This research was supported by National Science Founda- tion grant No. GS-38142, and by a Faculty Research grant from CSUF. — Address of author: California State University, Fresno. Ir. F.C. Bubberman, The Director of 's Lands Bosbeheer (Surinam's Forestry Service), has been of inestimable importance to my understanding of Kwinti culture. Not only did he physically introduce us to the people of Bitagron, but he freely and enthusiastically shared the fruits of his personal research into the history of Bush Negro migration and settlements. I am indebted to Ir. Bubberman and Drs. P.A. Teunissen, the goverment biologist at Raleigh Falls at the time of our research, for their information about Bush Negro ecology. I. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT The Kwinti constitute the smallest and least known of the recog- nized Bush Negro societies, although their territory is theoreti- cally subject to the authority of the Matuari paramount chief. The Coppename River branch of the Kwinti achieved the furthest western penetration by an independent Bush Negro tribe.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIAN ARUBA in the HISTORICAL AGE Luc Aio F S
    TH(1636-1795E PEASANT) AMP THE REBEL: INDIAN ARUBA IN THE HISTORICAL AGE Luc Aio f s Abstract The Aruban population is proud of its Amerindian cultural legacy, which acts as a 'reinvented tradition' in Aruba's national identity. In this paper, I analyse the myth and facts of this Indian heritage in the colonial age (1636-1795). On one hand, Aruba was a place of refuge to Indian settlers on the almost but forgotten island. Aruba was a safe haven or a reserve to some of the last surviving Indian populations in the Caribbean archipel­ ago. On the other hand, during the 17"1 and 18™ century, Christianization took place and the formation of a unique Caribbean peasant type -'the cunucero'- occurred. The increasing presence and pressure by the Dutch administration resulted in protest and rebellion from the side of the Aruban Indians. During the 19^ century, the Amerindian population assimilated into the colonial society. Résumé La population d'Aruba estfière de son patrimoine culturel amérindien qui figure comme une 'tradition réinven­ tée' dans l'identité nationale d'Aruba. Ici je sépare le mythe des faits dans cet héritage de l'époque coloniale (1636-1795). D'une part Aruba était un refuge pour les Indiens qui voulaient s'établir dans l'île quasi oubliée à cette époque. Aruba a servi d'abri ou de refuge pour quelques-unes des dernières populations amérindiennes qui ont survécu dans l'archipel caraïbe. D'autre part, pendant le 17e et le 18e siècle la christianisation a pris pied et on a vu apparaître un type unique de paysan caraïbe nommé 'cunucero'.
    [Show full text]
  • 2428Th GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Thursday, 4 December /975, at 3.40 P.M
    United Nations 2428th GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Thursday, 4 December /975, at 3.40 p.m. 7HlR7 IE7 H SESSION Official Records NEW YORK 6. The ties between the Netherlands and Surinam date back to the seventeenth century. Without dwelling too long on the past, I might recall that the territory Agenda item 22: of Surinam was taken from the British by a Dutch Admission of new Members to the United Nations/m/l­ fleet in 1667. Dutch sovereignty was confirmed by duded): the peace treaty of Breda of 1667 between England (h) Other reports of the Security Council........... 1131 and Holland. The same treaty legitimized the British President: Mr. Gaston THORN hold on Nieuw Amsterdam, later named New York. (Luxembourg). 7. The relationship between Surinam and the Neth­ erlands as that of a colony with its metropolitan coun­ try came to a definitive end more than twenty years ago with the adoption of the Charter for the Kingdom AGENDA ITEM 22 of the Netherlands. That Charter entered into force on 15 December 1954, and gave full autonomy and Admission of new Members to the United Nations equal partnership to the three parts of the Kingdom: (concluded): * the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles, and (b) Other reports of the Security Council Surinam. The termination of the colonial relationship was re~ognized by the General Assembly at its tenth I. The PRESIDENT (illterpretation from French): session when, on 15 December 1955, by its resolution The General Assembly will continue consideration of 945 (X) it expressed the opinion that the cessation of agenda item 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Courtsey Visit of SER SUR to SER
    SER Surinam visits SER Sint Maarten. REPORT The Chairwoman, Oldine Bryson-Pantophlet and Secretary-General, Gerard Richardson of the Social Economic Council (SER) Sint Maarten received a courtesy visit on Tuesday, May 17th, 2016 from the Chairman of SER Surinam, Ferdinand Welzijn. In the picture L to R: Chairman SER Surinam, Ferdinand Welzijn, Chairwoman, Oldine Bryson-Panthophlet There was no agenda for the visit. Tuesday, May 17th 2016, Philipsburg, Sint Maarten 10 am - 11.15 am Written account. The meeting between SER Sint Maarten and SER Surinam is the first official meeting between the advisory bodies. The Secretary-General gave a presentation about the work method of the SER, its composition and its role in Sint Maarten’s society. As of April 2016 Suriname has re-established its SER. 2010 was the last year that the SER was active, during the tenure of former president Ronald Venetiaan. The current President Desiré Bouterse installed the new members last month. Five members are nominated by the government (independent experts), four by the unions (employee representatives) and four members represent the business community (employer representatives) for a total of 13 permanent members. Each member has a substitute. 1 After his introduction the Chairman elaborated on the current economic situation in Surinam. Surinam economy is in decline, factories are closing down and jobs are lost, the Surinam Dollar has become unstable and as a result the residents are facing tough times. He explained that due to the lack of vision, policy failures and overspending by government, the country is currently facing an economic crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dutch Minister in Charge of Education in the Netherlands East
    1 Discipline versus Gentle Persuasion in Colonial Public Health: The Rockefeller Foundation’s Intensive Rural Hygiene Work in the Netherlands East Indies, 1925-1940 By Frances Gouda University of Amsterdam Keizersgracht 369A Amsterdam 1016EJ Netherlands [email protected] © 2009 by Frances Gouda Editor's Note: This research report is presented here with the author‘s permission but should not be cited or quoted without the author‘s consent. Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports Online is a periodic publication of the Rockefeller Archive Center. Edited by Ken Rose and Erwin Levold. Research Reports Online is intended to foster the network of scholarship in the history of philanthropy and to highlight the diverse range of materials and subjects covered in the collections at the Rockefeller Archive Center. The reports are drawn from essays submitted by researchers who have visited the Archive Center, many of whom have received grants from the Archive Center to support their research. The ideas and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and are not intended to represent the Rockefeller Archive Center. Discipline versus Gentle Persuasion in Colonial Public Health: The Rockefeller Foundation‘s Intensive Rural Hygiene Work in the Netherlands East Indies, 1925-19401 [The people] should be lead, not driven. They should be stimulated and learn to express a desire To live more hygienically. It is the task of the health worker to create this desire. -- Dr. John Lee Hydrick (1937) 2 Introduction The Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Board‘s offer of medical services to the Dutch East Indies encountered both active and passive resistance from colonial public health authorities in Batavia.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Research on Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles
    H. C. VAN RENSELAAR & J. D. SPECKMANN SOCIAL RESEARCH ON SURINAM AND THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES In March 1964 the Advisory Council for Cultural Cooperation between the Countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands recommended to the three Governments that they devote particular attention to the study of the process of acculturation in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles. The Netherlands Minister of Education and Sciences thereupon requested the Social Science Council of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences to elaborate this suggestion. The latter Council recorded its views in a memorandum (10 June, 1965), in which it is argued that the problems of accul- turation will become all the more urgent now the rate of the processes of change increases, among other things as a result of the social and economic development policy of the Government. The Council was of the opinion that intensification of research in this field is particularly desirable. The studies that have been performed in the last fifteen years give an essential and solid foundation for further research. The Council advised that acculturation research be continued on the basis of a research program drawn up by a small committee of experts. At the request of the Minister the Board of WOTRO instituted this committee, after consultation with the Social Science Council. On 10 January, 1966, it met for the first time in the following composition: Professor Dr. R. A. J. VAN LIER (chairman), Pro- fessor Dr. H. HOETINK, Professor Dr. A. J. F. KÖBBEN, Drs. H. C. VAN RENSELAAR and Professor Dr. J. D. SPECKMANN, while Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ask Most Casual Students of History When the Time of Colonialism Came to an End
    ABSTRACT Guiana and the Shadows of Empire: Colonial and Cultural Negotiations at the Edge of the World Joshua R. Hyles, M.A. Mentor: Keith A. Francis, Ph.D. Nowhere in the world can objective study of colonialism and its effects be more fruitful than in the Guianas, the region of three small states in northeastern South America. The purpose of this thesis is threefold. First, the history of these three Guianas, now known as Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname, is considered briefly, emphasizing their similarities and regional homogeny when compared to other areas. Second, the study considers the administrative policies of each of the country’s colonizers, Britain, France, and the Netherlands, over the period from settlement to independence. Last, the thesis concentrates on current political and cultural situations in each country, linking these developments to the policies of imperial administrators in the previous decades. By doing so, this thesis hopes to show how an area that should have developed as a single polity could become a region of three very distinct cultures through the altering effects of colonialism. Guiana and the Shadows of Empire: Colonial and Cultural Negotiations at the Edge of the World by Joshua R. Hyles, A.S., B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of History ___________________________________ Jeffrey S. Hamilton, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ Keith A. Francis, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ David L. Longfellow, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Thomas A.
    [Show full text]