Potential Biofuel Production Pathways in Indonesia: Overview of Processes, Feedstocks, and Types of Fuel
BRIEFING © 2021 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION APRIL 2021 Potential biofuel production pathways in Indonesia: Overview of processes, feedstocks, and types of fuel Prepared by: Tenny Kristiana and Chelsea Baldino In 2004, the Indonesian government developed a biofuel strategy under the National Energy Policy, and it was released as part of Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006, which promoted both biodiesel and bioethanol production.1 Since then, the government has issued several more regulations to support the policy. One presidential decree helped form a national biofuel development team, and that team released a Blueprint on Biofuel Development in 2008.2 More recently, the program was expanded to include more advanced liquid fuels and gasification projects.3 The government has also started to encourage the use of biogas and biomass for the electricity sector.4 In order for biofuels policy to support Indonesia’s commitment to low-carbon growth,5 it is crucial to choose feedstocks that are sustainable and environmentally friendly. The country has abundant biomass sources, but some of them are carbon intensive. Additionally, many first-generation biofuels are made from food and feed crops and are associated with land use change emissions. Second-generation biofuels, meanwhile, 1 Anastasia Kharina, Chris Malins, and Stephanie Searle, Biofuels policy in Indonesia: Overview and status report, (ICCT: Washington, DC, 2016), https://theicct.org/publications/biofuels-policy-indonesia-overview- and-status-report 2 Ibid. 3 “Tingkatkan
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