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How Forests Think
HOW FORESTS THINK 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd i 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM This page intentionally left blank HOW FORESTS THINK toward an anthropology beyond the human Eduardo Kohn university of california press Berkeley Los Angeles London 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd iiiiii 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2013 by Th e Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kohn, Eduardo. How forests think : toward an anthropology beyond the human / Eduardo Kohn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-27610-9 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-520-27611-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Quichua Indians. 2. Quechua Indians—Social life and customs. 3. Quechua mythology. 4. Indigenous peoples—Ecology—Amazon River Region. 5. Human- animal relationships—Amazon River Region. 6. Human- plant relationships—Amazon River Region. 7. Philosophy of nature—Amazon River Region. 8. Semiotics—Amazon River Region. 9. Social sciences—Amazon River Region— Philosophy. I. Title F2230.2.K4+ 986.6—dc23 2013003750 Manufactured in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fi ber that contains 30 post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48–1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). -
How Forests Think
HOW FORESTS THINK 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd i 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM This page intentionally left blank HOW FORESTS THINK toward an anthropology beyond the human Eduardo Kohn university of california press Berkeley Los Angeles London 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd iiiiii 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2013 by Th e Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kohn, Eduardo. How forests think : toward an anthropology beyond the human / Eduardo Kohn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-27610-9 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-520-27611-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Quichua Indians. 2. Quechua Indians—Social life and customs. 3. Quechua mythology. 4. Indigenous peoples—Ecology—Amazon River Region. 5. Human- animal relationships—Amazon River Region. 6. Human- plant relationships—Amazon River Region. 7. Philosophy of nature—Amazon River Region. 8. Semiotics—Amazon River Region. 9. Social sciences—Amazon River Region— Philosophy. I. Title F2230.2.K4+ 986.6—dc23 2013003750 Manufactured in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fi ber that contains 30 post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48–1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). -
Useful Plants of Amazonian Ecuador Third Project
USEFUL PLANTS OF AMAZONIAN ECUADOR THIRD PROJECT REPORT (15 APRIL 1S89 - 15 OCTOBER 1989) BRADLEY C. BENNETT INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC BOTANY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX, NEW YORK 10458-5126 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIELDWORK ................................................ 1 STUDENT FIELD PROJECTS ......................... o......... 2 RELATED PROJECT WORK ................................ 3 MANUAL PREPARATION ................................... o.... 4 SAMPLE DESCRIPTION OF BIXACEAE ............................. 5 SAMPLE DESCRIPTION OF MALVACEAE .......................... 8 ILLUSTRATIONS FOR MALVACEAE ............................. 15 OUTLINE OF MANUAL ....................................... 20 RELATIONSHIP WITH MUSEO ECUATORIANO ....................... 21 FINANCES ................................................ 21 APPENDIX A - LETTER FROM RICHARD ABEL, DIOSCORIDES ...... 23 APPENDIX B - USEFUL PLANTS FROM AMAZONIAN ECUADOR ....... 25 APPENDIX C - LIST OF USEFUL SHUAR PLANTS .................114 USEFUL PLANTS OF AMAZONIAN ECUADOR - 1 THIRD PROJECT REPORT (15 APRIL 1989 - 15 OCTOBER 1989) In this report we describe the third six months' progress of the "Useful plants of Amazonian Ecuador" project undertaken by New York Botanical Garden's Institute of Economic Botany (IEB) under an U.S. Agency for International Development contract. We are preparing a manual on Amazonian Ecuador's useful plants. This reference incorporates original fieldwork, herbarium data, and published ethnobotanical studies. FIELDWORK. Dr. Bradley C. Bennett (IEB) and Srta. Patricia Gomez Andrade (Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales) travelled to the Shuar Centro Yukutais for one week of fieldwork beginning 20 April 1989. They worked in previously uncollected swampy regions sol..th of Yukutais. Community members named almost 75% of the plants they collected and knew uses for at least half. Bennett went to the states for one month on 10 May. He returned to Ecuador on 10 June 1989. For the next two months he taught a School for Field Studies' ethnobotany course. -
3 Kohn Soul Blindness-2
116 . SOUL BLINDNESS can lose agency in the process. Narcisa is the primary agent here. Dreaming is a privileged form of experience and knowledge, and it was she, not her husband, who had dreamed. Narcisa’s “good dreaming” was the important action. Her husband’s ability to shoot the animal was simply a proximate extension of this. Narcisa’s agency is the locus of cause—it is her dream that counted—and yet her intentions can only be successfully realized by extending herself through objects. Without a gun, she can’t shoot a deer, and because men gener- ally are the ones who carry guns in Ávila, she must involve her husband. In this context, however, he is not really a person but rather, like a gun, he becomes an object, a tool, a part through which Narcisa can extend herself. T e distribution of selves and objects in this situation should, Narcisa hoped, have looked as follows: Narcisa and Alejandro should have been united as a single individual in a “continuity of reaction,” oriented, together, as preda- tor toward the killing of a deer, here thought of as a prey object. Narcisa and Alejandro, in other words, should have become an emergent single self, whereby two selves become one by virtue of their shared reaction to the world around them (see Peirce CP 3.613). For such a “continuity of being” (CP 7.572), as Peirce has it, creates “a sort of loosely compacted person, in some respects of higher rank than the person of an individual organism” (CP 5.421). -
Padrões De Venação Foliar No Gênero Parkia R.Br. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica Padrões de venação foliar no gênero Parkia R.Br. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) Livia Souza Silva Manaus, AM Julho, 2015 Livia Souza Silva Padrões de venação foliar no gênero Parkia R.Br. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) Orientador: Michael John Gilbert Hopkins Co-orientador: Douglas Charles Daly Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica). Manaus, AM Julho, 2015 Sinopse: Estudo taxonômico com ênfase nos padrões de venação foliar no gênero Parkia R.Br. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) ocorrentes nos trópicos e paleotrópicos, fornecendo descrições dos tipos de venação, chave de identificação e pranchas ilustradas. Palavras chave: taxonomia, morfologia, padrões de venação, foliólulo, Mimosoideae Keywords: taxonomy, morphology, patters venation, leaflets, Mimosoideae Ao meu pai José dos Santos Silva (em memória) e a minha maravilhosa mãe, Izauda Monteiro de Souza, ao meu irmão querido Lucas Souza Silva e aos meus avós paternos Pedro Francisco dos Santos (em memória) e a rosa mais bela de todos os jardins, Rosa Silva Santos. Aos meus avós maternos eternamente lembrados e amados, Baltazar Luiz de Souza (em memória) e Isaura Monteiro de Souza (em memória). Dedico Ofereço Aos meus padrinhos amados, Sandro Roberto Bezerra de Oliveira e Laíres Monteiro de Oliveira Bezerra, que foram verdadeiramente presentes na minha criação, cuidando de minha educação e lazer incansavelmente na ausência do meu pai desde cedo na infância. Sem vocês o caminho talvez tivesse sido mais árduo e difícil, minha eterna gratidão. -
How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human
HOW FORESTS THINK 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd i 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM This page intentionally left blank HOW FORESTS THINK TOWARD AN ANTHROPOLOGY BEYOND THE HUMAN Eduardo Kohn UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London 99780520276109_PRINT.indd780520276109_PRINT.indd iiiiii 224/06/134/06/13 88:16:16 AAMM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2013 by T e Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kohn, Eduardo. How forests think : toward an anthropology beyond the human / Eduardo Kohn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-27610-9 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-520-27611-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Quichua Indians. 2. Quechua Indians—Social life and customs. 3. Quechua mythology. 4. Indigenous peoples—Ecology—Amazon River Region. 5. Human- animal relationships—Amazon River Region. 6. Human- plant relationships—Amazon River Region. 7. Philosophy of nature—Amazon River Region. 8. Semiotics—Amazon River Region. 9. Social sciences—Amazon River Region— Philosophy. I. Title F2230.2.K4+ 986.6—dc23 2013003750 Manufactured in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fi ber that contains 30 post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). -
Sistema De Clasificación Apg En El Herbario Chep De La Espoch
SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN APG EN EL HERBARIO CHEP DE LA ESPOCH, RIOBAMBA ECUADOR Jorge Caranqui Aldaz Herbario Politécnico CHEP Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo [email protected] RESUMEN El presente artículo trata sobre la aplicación del sistema de clasificación APG (Angiosperm phylogenetic group) en la colección del Herbario CHEP. El cambio más evidente es a nivel de clases, de Monocotiledónea y Dicotiledónea pasó actualmente a tres, ya que Dicotiledónea es un grupo parafilético, estas tres clases son: Monocotiledónea, Magnoliidae y Eudocotiledonea; dentro de cada clase las Familias están arregladas alfabéticamente, igual sucede en el caso de los géneros. También mencionamos los cambios mas importantes a nivel de familia, por ejemplo Scrophulariaceae que ha sido seccionada a otras familias y Malvaceae que contienen especies que antes pertenecían a familias como Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae y Tiliaceae. Si bien estos cambios al principio pueden causar molestias, es necesario estar siempre a la vanguardia del conocimiento. Palabras claves: Sistema de clasificación , APG, Herbario, ESPOCH INTRODUCCIÓN El Herbario CHEP de la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo cuenta con 15698 muestras de Herbario de las cuales 3221 muestras de Herbario son de la provincia de Chimborazo . En total contamos actualmente con 4000 especies de las 17748 especies a nivel nacional (Neill, 2012). Según Gonzalez, (1999), la sistemática de las angiospermas, es el grupo de plantas más diverso y dominante en la tierra, está basada en el reconocimiento de dos grandes grupos, las monocotiledóneas (clase Liliopsida) y las dicotiledóneas (clase Magnoliopsida), Desde el punto de vista práctico, las características diferenciales entre estos taxones son fáciles de observar y parecen ser mutuamente excluyentes, generando un sistema de dos clases opuestas entre sí y de igual rango taxonómico. -
Natural Engagements and Ecological Aesthetics
NATURAL ENGAGEMENTS AND ECOLOGICAL AESTHETICS AMONG THE ÁVILA RUNA OF AMAZONIAN ECUADOR by Eduardo O. Kohn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2002 © Copyright by Eduardo O. Kohn 2002 All Rights Reserved i Table of Contents Acknowledgments iii Map vi Introduction 1 Chapter One 26 The Aesthetic of the Immediate Chapter Two 74 The Leaf That Grows Out Of Itself Chapter Three 108 The Perspectival Aesthetic Chapter Four 142 Ecosemiotics and Metaphoric Ecology Chapter Five 172 How Dogs Dream: Ecological Empathy and The Dangers of Cosmological Autism Chapter Six 219 The World of the Game Masters Chapter Seven 265 Wearing Whiteness: An Amazonian Strategy for Harnessing Power Chapter Eight 316 Historical Process: Co-construction, Maintenance, and Change in Ecological Cosmology Chapter Nine 336 Strategies of Access: Tapping the Wealth of the Forest ii Conclusions 391 Appendix One 411 Collected Plants Appendix Two 435 Collected Fungi Appendix Three 436 Collected Invertebrates Appendix Four 447 Collected Fishes Appendix Five 449 Collected Herpetofauna Appendix Six 453 Collected Mammals Endnotes 455 Bibliography 471 iii Acknowledgements My field research was made possible through a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, a Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Pre-Doctoral Grant, and a Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Research Abroad Grant. Preliminary field research was supported by a Fulbright Grant for Graduate Study and Research Abroad as well as a University of Wisconsin- Madison Latin American and Iberian Studies Field Research Grant. Write-up was supported by a UW-Madison Academic Year University Fellowship and a School of American Research Weatherhead Resident Scholar Fellowship. -
SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES Los Recursos Naturales
CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) es un centro regional dedicado a la investigación y la enseñanza de posgrado en agri- Fotografías portada cultura, manejo, conservación y uso sostenible de SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES los recursos naturales. Sus miembros son el Insti- Imagen izquierda tuto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricul- Sistema Agroforestal de yerba mate tura (IICA), Belice, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, El FUNCIONES PRODUCTIVAS, SOCIOECONÓMICAS Y AMBIENTALES (Ilex paraguariensis) orgánica. Misio- Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, nes, Argentina Panamá, Paraguay, República Dominicana, Vene- Foto: Beatriz Eibl zuela y el Estado de Acre en Brasil. Imagen derecha Florencia Montagnini Sistema Silvopastoril Intensivo (SSPi) Eduardo Somarriba basado en Leucaena leucocephala, Enrique Murgueitio pastos seleccionados y árboles de Sede central, CATIE 7170 sombrío y madera, en la Reserva Na- Cartago, Turrialba, 30501 Hugo Fassola tural El Hatico. Valle del Cauca, Co- Costa Rica Beatriz Eibl lombia Teléfono: + (506) 2558-2000 Foto: Meredith Kohut. World Animal Fax: + (506) 2558-2060 Protection – WAP. www.catie.ac.cr Fotografías contraportada El Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Soste- Imagen arriba izquierda nibles de Producción Agropecuaria - CIPAV, es una SAF multiestrato de cultivos anuales organización no gubernamental de Colombia que tie- y perennes en chacra de agricultor en ne como misión institucional contribuir al desarrollo Tena, Amazonia ecuatoriana. sostenible del sector rural, a través de la investiga- Foto: Florencia Montagnini ción, gestión, desarrollo y divulgación de alternativas productivas amigables con la naturaleza. El papel de AGROFORESTALES SISTEMAS Imagen arriba derecha CIPAV es estratégico en la construcción de nuevo Árbol de cacao con frutos en un SAF conocimiento para la innovación, soportada por prin- en Bahía, Brasil. -
Región Amazónica
LIBRO ROJO DE PLANTAS AMENAZADAS DE LAS TIERRAS BAJAS DE BOLIVIA LIBRO ROJO DE PLANTAS AMENAZADAS DE LAS TIERRAS Dr. Stephan Dalence, Centro de Levantamientos BAJAS DE BOLIVIA. 2020 - COPYRIGHT Aeroespaciales y Aplicaciones de SIG para el Desarrollo Sostenible de los Recursos Naturales (Universidad Mayor de San Simón). DEPÓSITO LEGAL: 4-1-31-20 P.O. ISBN: 978-9917-9809-0-2 Ing. Sergio Abulafia, Centro de Levantamientos Aeroespaciales y Aplicaciones de SIG para el Desarrollo EQUIPO TÉCNICO RESPONSABLE DE TEXTOS Y FICHAS: Sostenible de los Recursos Naturales (Universidad Dr. Gonzalo Navarro Sánchez; MSc. Susana Arrázola Ri- Mayor de San Simón). vero; MSc. Margoth Atahuachi Burgos; MSc. Magaly Mer- cado Ustariz; MSc. Nelly de la Barra Ricaldez; Dra. Carola CRÉDITOS FOTOS CUBIERTA ANTERIOR: Antezana Valera; MSc. Erika Fernández Terrazas; Dra. Apuleia leiocarpha (Gonzalo Navarro) Mónica Moraes Ramírez; Dr. Alfredo Fuentes Claros Handroanthus impetiginosa (Alejandro Araujo- Murakami) COAUTORES DE FICHAS TÉCNICAS: Caryocar pallidum (Gonzalo Navarro) Dr. Milton Fernández; Ing. Alejandro Araujo-Murakami; Pentaplaris davidsmithii (Gonzalo Navarro) Dr. Stephan Beck; Dr. Bonifacio Mostacedo; Lic. René Victoria amazónica (Alejandro Araujo-Murakami Guillén; Lic. Saúl Altamirano; Dra. Marisol Toledo; Ing. MHNNKM-KEW) Abraham Poma; MSc. Modesto Zarate CITA DEL LIBRO: COORDINACIÓN MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua. 2020. Libro Rojo AGUA: de Plantas Amenazadas de las Tierras Bajas de Bolivia. MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y AGUA: Santa Cruz. 620 p. Maria Elva Pinkert de Paz CITA DE FICHAS TÉCNICAS (ejemplo): VICEMINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, BIODIVERSIDAD, Arrázola S. 2020. Swietenia macrophylla King. CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, GESTIÓN Y DESARROLLO FORESTAL: En: Libro Rojo de Plantas Amenazadas de las Tierras Alfredy Guillermo Álvarez Saavedra Bajas de Bolivia.