Changes of Seasonal Characters in Populations of Melampyrum Sylvaticum Along an Altitudinal Gradient
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Evolution of the Euphrasia Transmorrisonensis Complex
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2005) 32, 1921–1929 ORIGINAL Evolution of the Euphrasia ARTICLE transmorrisonensis complex (Orobanchaceae) in alpine areas of Taiwan Ming-Jou Wu1,2, Shing-Fan Huang1,3, Tseng-Chieng Huang1, Pei-Fen Lee4 and Tsan-Piao Lin1* 1Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan ABSTRACT University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of Aims To unravel isolation and differentiation of the genetic structure of the Science Education, National Hualien University of Education, Hualien, Taiwan, Euphrasia transmorrisonensis complex, a showy herb, among alpine regions of 3Department of Science Education, National mountain peaks in subtropical Taiwan and to infer its evolutionary history. Hsinchu Teachers College, Hsinchu, Taiwan Location Alpine ecosystems of high-montane regions of Taiwan. and 4Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Methods Phylogenetic analyses of the trnL intron and the trnL–trnF intergenic Taiwan spacer of chloroplast (cp) DNA, and the intertranscribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA between 18S and 26S were carried out on 18 populations of the E. transmorrisonensis complex in Taiwan. Results In total, 10 haplotypes for cpDNA and 14 haplotypes for nrDNA were detected. Three population groups located in the northern, north-eastern, and south-central regions of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) were revealed according to the frequencies of haplotypes and haplotype lineages of nrDNA. Balancing selection might have played a role in the evolution of Euphrasia in Taiwan. Main conclusions By integrating the spatial-genetic patterns of cpDNA and nrDNA, two possible evolutionary histories of Euphrasia in Taiwan were inferred. The favourable hypotheses for interpreting the data suggest at least three origins of the E. -
Extensive Plastome Reduction and Loss of Photosynthesis Genes in Diphelypaea Coccinea, a Holoparasitic Plant of the Family Orobanchaceae
Extensive plastome reduction and loss of photosynthesis genes in Diphelypaea coccinea, a holoparasitic plant of the family Orobanchaceae Eugeny V. Gruzdev1,2, Vitaly V. Kadnikov1, Alexey V. Beletsky1, Andrey V. Mardanov1 and Nikolai V. Ravin1,2 1 Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ABSTRACT Background. Parasitic plants have the ability to obtain nutrients from their hosts and are less dependent on their own photosynthesis or completely lose this capacity. The reduction in plastid genome size and gene content in parasitic plants predominantly results from loss of photosynthetic genes. Plants from the family Orobanchaceae are used as models for studying plastid genome evolution in the transition from an autotrophic to parasitic lifestyle. Diphelypaea is a poorly studied genus of the Orobanchaceae, comprising two species of non-photosynthetic root holoparasites. In this study, we sequenced the plastid genome of Diphelypaea coccinea and compared it with other Orobanchaceae, to elucidate patterns of plastid genome evolution. In addition, we used plastid genome data to define the phylogenetic position of Diphelypaea spp. Methods. The complete nucleotide sequence of the plastid genome of D. coccinea was obtained from total plant DNA, using pyrosequencing technology. Results. The D. coccinea plastome is only 66,616 bp in length, and is highly rearranged; however, it retains a quadripartite structure. It contains only four rRNA genes, 25 tRNA genes and 25 protein-coding genes, being one of the most highly reduced plastomes Submitted 16 May 2019 among the parasitic Orobanchaceae. All genes related to photosynthesis, including the Accepted 4 September 2019 Published 2 October 2019 ATP synthase genes, had been lost, whereas most housekeeping genes remain intact. -
Recovery Plan for Scots Pine Blister Rust Caused by Cronartium Flaccidum
Recovery Plan for Scots Pine Blister Rust caused by Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév. [syn. C. asclepiadeum (Willd.) Fr., Endocronartium pini (Pers.) Y. Hiratsuka] March 12 2009 Contents page –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Executive Summary 2 Contributors and Reviewers 4 I. Introduction 4 II. Symptoms 5 III. Spread 6 IV. Monitoring and Detection 7 V. Response 8 VI. USDA Pathogens Permits 9 VII. Economic Impact and Compensation 10 VIII. Mitigation and Disease Management 11 IX. Infrastructure and Experts 14 X. Research, Extension, and Education Priorities 15 References 17 Web Resources 20 Appendix 21 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required for mitigating impacts of high-consequence, plant-disease outbreaks are in place so that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address all of the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreak and all of the decisions that must be made and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help USDA guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery. 1 Executive Summary Scots pine blister rust (caused by the fungi Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini) infects many Eurasian pines including Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus pinaster, P. -
Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Palynological Investigations of the Genus Euphrasia L
© Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 19 (2012): 23 –37 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Comparative morphological, anatomical and palynological investigations of the genus Euphrasia L. (Orobanchaceae) in Iran Shahryar Saeidi Mehrvarz, Sayad Roohi, Iraj Mehrgan & Elham Roudi Summary: Comparative morphological, anatomical and palynological studies on six species Euphrasia L. (Orobanchaceae) in Iran are presented using plants collected from their type localities and many other populations. Euphrasia petiolaris and E. sevanensis are reported for the flora of Iran for the first time. In terms of anatomy, the phloem/xylem proportion in vascular bundles of stem and root, presence or absence of collenchyma at the periphery of stem cortex, the number of parenchyma cell layers of stem cortex and the thickness of the vascular bundle in the leaf midrib provide valuable characters in distinguishing species. According to the obtained results, the pollen morphology seems also to be taxonomically valuable. The main shapes observed among investigated taxa were spheroidal, oblate- spheroidal and prolate-spheroidal. The pollen grains were tricolpate and microrugulate, micropilate and microgemmate on exine surface. The relationships between taxa were estimated by analyzing the scored morphological, anatomical and palynological data using the Euclidian distance coefficient and UPGMA clustering method. Keys are provided for identification of the species of Euphrasia in Iran based on both morphological and anatomical features. Keywords: anatomy, palynology, Euphrasia, Orobanchaceae, taxonomy, flora of Iran The genus Euphrasia comprises about 450 perennial and annual green hemiparasitic species (Mabberley 2008). The distribution area ranges from Europe to Asia, the northern parts of America, South America, the mountains of Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand (Barker 1982). -
Trophic Resource Use and Partitioning in Multispecies Ungulate Communities
Trophic resource use and partitioning in multispecies ungulate communities Robert Spitzer Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Umeå Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå 2019 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2019:73 Cover: Annual diet composition of deer in Sweden (artworK: R. Spitzer) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-464-8 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-465-5 © 2019 Robert Spitzer, Umeå Print: Original trycKeri, Umeå 2019 Trophic resource use and partitioning in multispecies ungulate communities Abstract Over the past decades, ungulates across the northern hemisphere have been expanding in range and numbers. This has raised concerns about their impacts, particularly on shared resources with humans, e.g., timber trees. Understanding how different ungulate species use trophic resources is therefore a crucial component of managing their populations. In this thesis, I synthesized data from the literature and used faecal DNA metabarcoding to investigate diets and patterns of resource partitioning for ungulate communities in Sweden and at the European scale. I also evaluated the reliability of dung morphometry for identifying ungulate species. I found that species identification of faecal pellets is difficult where similar-sized ungulates coexist which questions the reliability of pellet counts as a monitoring technique in such systems. Dung morphometry could, however, clearly distinguish moose from the smaller deer species. Across Europe, average diets of the four main deer species fit well with predictions by Hofmann’s hypothesis of ruminant feeding types. Red and fallow deer (mixed feeders) showed larger dietary plasticity than moose and roe deer (browsers). -
<I>Ramularia</I> Species (Hyphomycetes)
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2014. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/127.63 Volume 127, pp. 63–72 January–March 2014 Additions to Ramularia species (hyphomycetes) in Poland Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska* & Ewa Połeć Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Łódź, PL–90–237, Poland * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — The morphology and revised distribution of three Ramularia species (teleomorphs unknown) are presented based on fresh specimens. Ramularia melampyri is new for Poland, and R. celastri is reported from its third (and easternmost) locality in Europe. Ramularia abscondita specimens confirm the occurrence of this species in Poland. As R. melampyri hosts (Melampyrum spp.) are currently classified in Orobanchaceae, the implications of the new systematics of Scrophulariaceae s.l. for the taxonomy of Ramularia and related Mycosphaerella species are discussed briefly. Key words — microfungi, asexual morphs, plant parasites, biogeography, new records Introduction The genus Ramularia, described by Unger in 1833 (cf. Braun 1998), is one of the largest anamorph genera, with known teleomorphs classified in the ascomycetous genus Mycosphaerella Johanson (Braun 1998, Crous 2009). Mycosphaerella s.l. is polyphyletic, but its type species, M. punctiformis (Pers.) Starbäck, has a proven Ramularia anamorph (R. endophylla Verkley & U. Braun). Consequently, the name Mycosphaerella s.str. has been confined to sexual morphs associated with Ramularia anamorphs (Verkley et al. 2004, Crous et al. 2009a). According to the new rules of Art. 59 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), Mycosphaerella and Ramularia are heterotypic synonyms, and so the older name Ramularia, which has priority, is now a holomorph name. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 160 (2010) 163–171 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Pollen morphology, ultrastructure and taphonomy of the Neuradaceae with special reference to Neurada procumbens L. and Grielum humifusum E.Mey. ex Harv. et Sond. S. Polevova a, M. Tekleva b,⁎, F.H. Neumann c,d, L. Scott e, J.C. Stager f a Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia b Borissyak Paleontological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia c Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa d Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Germany e Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa f Paul Smiths College, New York, USA article info abstract Article history: Pollen morphology and sporoderm ultrastructure of modern Neurada procumbens L. and Grielum humifusum Received 5 November 2009 E.Mey. ex Harv. -
Paolo Romagnoli & Bruno Foggi Vascular Flora of the Upper
Paolo Romagnoli & Bruno Foggi Vascular Flora of the upper Sestaione Valley (NW-Tuscany, Italy) Abstract Romagnoli, P. & Foggi B.: Vascular Flora of the upper Sestaione Valley (NW-Tuscany, Italy). — Fl. Medit. 15: 225-305. 2005. — ISSN 1120-4052. The vascular flora of the Upper Sestaione valley is here examined. The check-list reported con- sists of 580 species, from which 8 must be excluded (excludendae) and 27 considered doubtful. The checked flora totals 545 species: 99 of these were not found during our researches and can- not be confirmed. The actual flora consists of 446 species, 61 of these are new records for the Upper Sestaione Valley. The biological spectrum shows a clear dominance of hemicryptophytes (67.26 %) and geophytes (14.13 %); the growth form spectrum reveals the occurrence of 368 herbs, 53 woody species and 22 pteridophytes. From phytogeographical analysis it appears there is a significant prevalence of elements of the Boreal subkingdom (258 species), including the Orohypsophyle element (103 species). However the "linkage groups" between the Boreal subkingdom and Tethyan subkingdom are well represented (113 species). Endemics are very important from the phyto-geographical point of view: Festuca riccerii, exclusive to the Tuscan- Emilian Apennine and Murbeckiella zanonii exclusive of the Northern Apennine; Saxifraga aspera subsp. etrusca and Globularia incanescens are endemic to the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine and Apuan Alps whilst Festuca violacea subsp. puccinellii is endemic to the north- ern Apennines and Apuan Alps. The Apennine endemics total 11 species. A clear relationship with the Alpine area is evident from 13 Alpine-Apennine species. The Tuscan-Emilian Apennine marks the southern distribution limit of several alpine and northern-central European entities. -
Bryophyte Diversity and Vascular Plants
DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND VASCULAR PLANTS NELE INGERPUU TARTU 2002 DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND VASCULAR PLANTS NELE INGERPUU TARTU UNIVERSITY PRESS Chair of Plant Ecology, Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Estonia The dissertation is accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor philosophiae in plant ecology at the University of Tartu on June 3, 2002 by the Council of the Faculty of Biology and Geography of the University of Tartu Opponent: Ph.D. H. J. During, Department of Plant Ecology, the University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Commencement: Room No 218, Lai 40, Tartu on August 26, 2002 © Nele Ingerpuu, 2002 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda Tiigi 78, Tartu 50410 Tellimus nr. 495 CONTENTS LIST OF PAPERS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 MATERIAL AND METHODS 9 Study areas and field data 9 Analyses 10 RESULTS 13 Correlation between bryophyte and vascular plant species richness and cover in different plant communities (I, II, V) 13 Environmental factors influencing the moss and field layer (II, III) 15 Effect of vascular plant cover on the growth of bryophytes in a pot experiment (IV) 17 The distribution of grassland bryophytes and vascular plants into different rarity forms (V) 19 Results connected with nature conservation (I, II, V) 20 DISCUSSION 21 CONCLUSIONS 24 SUMMARY IN ESTONIAN. Sammaltaimede mitmekesisus ja seosed soontaimedega. Kokkuvõte 25 < TÄNUSÕNAD. Acknowledgements 28 REFERENCES 29 PAPERS 33 2 5 LIST OF PAPERS The present thesis is based on the following papers which are referred to in the text by the Roman numerals. -
Pinto Carrasco, Daniel (V.R).Pdf
FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÁNICA Y FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica TESIS DOCTORAL Daniel Pinto Carrasco Salamanca, 2020 FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÁNICA Y FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica Memoria presentada por Daniel Pinto Carrasco para optar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Salamanca VºBº del director VºBº de la directora Prof. Dr. Enrique Rico Hernández Prof. Dra. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega Salamanca, 2020 D. Enrique Rico Hernández y Dña. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega, ambos Catedráticos de Botánica de la Universidad de Salamanca AUTORIZAN, la presentación, para su lectura, de la Tesis Doctoral titulada Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica, realizada por D. Daniel Pinto Carrasco, bajo su dirección, en la Universidad de Salamanca. Y para que así conste a los efectos legales, expiden y firman el presente certificado en Salamanca, a 13 de Octubre de 2020. Fdo. Enrique Rico Hernández Fdo. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega Común es el sol y el viento, común ha de ser la tierra, que vuelva común al pueblo lo que del pueblo saliera. —Luis López Álvarez, Romance de los comuneros— “En España lo mejor es el pueblo. Siempre ha sido lo mismo. En los trances duros, los señoritos invocan la patria y la venden; el pueblo no la nombra siquiera, pero la compra con su sangre y la salva.” —Antonio Machado; Carta a Vigodsky, 20-02-1937— V XL Este mundo es el camino Así, con tal entender, para el otro, que es morada todos sentidos humanos sin pesar; conservados, mas cumple tener buen tino cercado de su mujer para andar esta jornada y de sus hijos y hermanos sin errar. -
A New Rust Species of Diaphanopellis on Rhododendron Oreodoxa from Southern China
Phytotaxa 309 (1): 055–065 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.1.5 A new rust species of Diaphanopellis on Rhododendron oreodoxa from Southern China JING CAO1, CHENG-MING TIAN1, YING-MEI LIANG2 & CHONG-JUAN YOU1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract A novel rust species Diaphanopellis purpurea on Rhododendron oreodoxa collected in Southern China was identified and described. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that this rust species was morphologically distinct from other known Diaphanopellis species and Chrysomyxa species in teliospore morphology and urediniospore surface structure. Diaphanopellis purpurea can be phylogenetically separated from other Chrysomyxa species based on analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) partial gene sequences. The aecial stage of the new species was also confirmed. Keywords: Molecular phylogeny, phylogeny, Pucciniales, taxonomy Introduction Rust genus Diaphanopellis was established by Crane with the type species Diaphanopellis forrestii P. E. Crane occurring on Rhododendron selense Franch (Crane 2005, Kirk et al. 2008). Diaphanopellis is characterized by the teliospores enclosed in hyaline sheaths, and the uredinia surrounded by a peridium with ornamented cells (Barclay 1891, Balfour-Browne 1955, Crane 2005). Most rusts infecting Rhododendron belong to the genus Chrysomyxa, which are morphologically different from Diaphanopellis species in having uredinial peridium and distinct teliospores. Chrysomyxa species produce catenulate teliospores without gelatineous layers and uredinia covered by an inconspicuous peridium (Berndt 1999). -
Dissertation Pdf .Odt
The floodplain meadows of Soomaa National Park, Estonia Vegetation – Dispersal – Regeneration Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät III – Biologie und vorklinische Medizin – der Universität Regensburg vorgelegt von Jaan Palisaar aus Kiel Edertal, April 2006 Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am 10. April 2006 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung 26. Juli 2006 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von Prof. Dr. Peter Poschlod Prüfungsausschuß: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Heinze Prof. Dr. Peter Poschlod Prof. Dr. Karl-Georg Bernhardt Prof. Dr. Christoph Oberprieler Contents List of figures.........................................................................................................................III List of tables...........................................................................................................................VI Acknowledgments................................................................................................................IX A. Foreword.............................................................................................................................1 B. Study area............................................................................................................................3 1 Physical setting...............................................................................................................3 2 Land use...........................................................................................................................8 C. Vegetation