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Environment Conservation Journal 16(3) 1-8, 2015 ISSN 0972-3099 (Print) 2278-5124 (Online) Abstracted and Indexed Comparative analysis of seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters from Girna, Ozarkhed, Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs in Nasik district.(M.S.) Rahane Balasaheb1 , Waykar Bhalchandra2 and Bhalla Resham3 Received: 30.07.2015 Revised: 28.09.2015 Accepted: 5.10.2015 Abstract The seasonal physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chlorides, salinity and electrical conductivity were determined seasonally from Girna, Ozarkhed, Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs of Nasik district. Results of the present study indicated that the mean values of temperature, pH and total alkalinity were highest in summer season and lowest in winter season, mean values of dissolved oxygen was highest in winter season and lowest in summer season. The mean values of total hardness, salinity, chloride and electrical conductivity were highest during summer season and lowest during monsoon, in surface water sampled from four studied reservoirs. Thus result clearly indicated that the surface water of Girna reservoir was more polluted than other three reservoirs, while surface water of Gangapur reservoir was less polluted than other three studied reservoirs. Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, reservoir, seasonal variations Introduction Water quality is affected by both point and non- reservoirs of Nasik district. point sources of pollution. These include sewage Study Area discharge, discharge from industries, run-off from Four reservoirs of Nasik district were selected for agricultural fields and urban run-off containing the study. The details are given below: various organic and inorganic pollutants, such as Girna reservoir: Girna reservoir is earthen dam solvents, oils, heavy metals, pesticides and constructed in 1969 on Girna river at Nandgaon in fertilizers are invariably discharged into small Nasik district of Maharashtra state, India. rivers, streams without their proper treatments Geographically, reservoir is located at 20°29'16" N (Pandey et.al., 2003). Such contaminants change and 74°39'41" E. The total capacity of reservoir is the water quality and may affect the aquatic life and 525,920 Km3 (126,170 cu mi) and surface area is humans (Chang et.al., 1998; Kara and Comlekci, 60,040 Km2 (23,180 sq mi). The height of reservoir 2004) and is not suitable for drinking, industrial and is 54.56 m and the length is 963.17m. The volume irrigation. Therefore, regular monitoring of water content of reservoir is 2,042 Km3 (490 cu mi) and quality is essential. The monitoring and assessment gross storage capacity is 608,980.00 Km3 of water quality is depending upon the basic (146,102.07 cu mi). The reservoir water is used for physico-chemical properties of water. Therefore in irrigation, industrial as well as for drinking purpose. the present study the physico-chemical parameters Ozarkhed reservoir: Ozarkhed reservoir is earthen like temperature, pH, total alkalinity, dissolved reservoir, constructed in 1982 on Unanda river at oxygen, total hardness, chlorides, salinity and Dindori in Nasik district of Maharashtra state, electrical conductivity were determined seasonally India. Geographically, Ozarkhed reservoir is from Girna, Ozarkhed, Chankapur and Gangapur located at 20° 16′ 48.11″ N and 73° 52′ 33.2″ E. Author’s Address The surface area of reservoir is 6880 Km2 (2660 sq 1 Department of Zoology, Swami Muktanand College of mi). The height of reservoir is 35.3m and the length Science, Yeola, District.Nashik Maharashtra, India. 2 is 3266m. The volume content of reservoir is 2052 Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar 3 Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Km (492 cu mi) and gross storage capacity is 3 3 Department of Zoology, LVH Arts, Sci. & Comm. College, 67950.00 Km (16302.07 cu mi). The reservoir Panchavati, Nashik-3 Maharashtra, India. water is used mainly for irrigation as well as E-mail: [email protected] drinking purpose. Copyright by ASEA 1 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved Environment Conservation Journal Rahane et al. Chankapur reservoir: Chankapur reservoir is electric conductivity were determined seasonally in earthen reservoir, constructed in 1911 on Girna summer, monsoon and winter seasons by standard river at Kalwan in Nashik district of Maharashtra method (APHA et. al., 1998). state, India. Geographically, reservoir is located at 73°53′00″E and 20.4988632°N. The surface area of Results and Discussion 2 reservoir is 10320 Km (3980 sq mi). The height of The physico-chemical parameters like temperature, reservoir is 41m and length is 3705m. The total pH, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total 3 capacity of reservoir is 76850 Km (18440 cu mi). hardness, chlorides, salinity and electrical The volume content of reservoir is 509 cu mi and conductivity were determined seasonally in water gross storage capacity is 19118.65 cu mi. The samples collected from Girna, Ozarkhed, reservoir water is used mainly for irrigation, Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs of Nasik industry as well as for drinking purpose. district and obtained data are summarized in Gangapur reservoir: Gangapur reservoir, 10 km table.no. 1 and figure No. 1 (a to h). away from Nasik city is an earthen dam, Temperature: In summer season the mean constructed in 1954 on Godavari river. temperature values were 27.120C, 27.080C, 26.920C Geographically, Gangapur reservoir is located at and 27.210C, in monsoon season values were 20.0261° N and 73.6672° E. The total catchment 24.080C, 23.940C, 24.050C and 24.610C, while in area of the dam is 357.4 Sq.km. The height of winter season values were 20.480C, 20.520C, 0 0 reservoir is 36.57m and length is 3810m. The 20.73 C and 21.42 C at Girna, Ozarkhed, 2 surface area of reservoir is 22,860 Km (8830 sq Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs respectively. 3 mi). The volume content of reservoir is 4612 Km Temperature is important parameter which affects (1106 cu mi) and total gross storage capacity is dissolve oxygen, rate of photosynthesis and 215.88 MCM. The reservoir water is used mainly distribution of biota. In the present study variation for irrigation as well as drinking water purpose. The in mean values of temperature was observed at four reservoir has two canals, the left bank canal is 64 reservoirs during three seasons. Jha and Bharat Km long and right bank canal is 30 Km long. The (2003) reported a significant fluctuation in water of reservoir is used for irrigation and for temperature between summer and rainy seasons. drinking purpose.The total irrigable area of this pH: In summer season the mean pH values at reservoir is 15960 hectares. Girna, Ozarkhed,Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs were 8.31, 8.03, 7.68 and 7.53 Materials and Method respectively. In monsoon season values were 8.01, For physicochemical analysis, water samples were 7.61, 7.43 and 7.21 respectively, while in winter collected seasonally (summer, monsoon and winter season values were 7.60, 7.19, 7.03 and 6.92 seasons) from different places of four reservoirs of respectively. In the present investigation high pH Nasik district during November 2010 to October values were recorded, might be due to heavy input 2011 at 8.30 am, in triplicates and mixed together of textile, printing, dyeing and other industrial for each location so as to portray the average waste and municipal waste, which contain higher condition in the respective area. The water samples amount of carbonate and bicarbonates in water were collected from depth of 5-10 cm below the (Kalff and Knoechel, 1998). Richardson (1988) surface water in acid washed plastic bottles. reported that heavy contamination of water alter the Temperature was measured directly on field by physico-chemical properties of water. Dehadri thermometer; pH measurement was carried out by a (1990) reported that the direct discharge of pH meter (Elico LI 120). Separate samples were industrial effluents and runoff comprising versatile collected for dissolved oxygen (DO) in 250 ml chemicals deplete the dissolved oxygen, altering bottles and dissolved oxygen was fixed in the field pH, increase the CO2 level in the water. Srilakshmi by adding alkali reagent. The samples analyses (1995) reported that pollutants alter the pH of the were carried out immediately after return to the water. laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters like total Total Alkalinity: During summer season the mean alkalinity, O2, total hardness, salinity, chloride, total alkalinity values were 151.29, 141.23, 2 Environment Conservation Journal Comparative analysis of seasonal variations 135.37and 132.13 (mg/l) respectively at Girna, water sampled from Girna reservoir than other Ozarkhed, Chankapur and Gangapur reservoirs. In studied reservoirs was attributable to inflow of monsoon season values were 114.08, 102.39, huge amount of municipal waste, textile and other 101.24 and 98.62 (mg/l) respectively. In winter industrial effluents and run-off from agricultural season values were 81.56, 73.52, 71.08 and 68.67 field. Kataria et al., (1996) stated that higher (mg/l) respectively. In the present investigation alkalinity values are due to confluence of industrial higher values of alkalinity were observed in surface and domestic waste. Table 1 : Seasonal variations of Physico-chemical parameters from different reservoirs of Nasik district and highest permitted value for drinking water (WHO standard, 1993 mg/l) Seasons Highest Permitted Name of reservoir
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  • List of Rivers in India

    List of Rivers in India

    Sl. No Name of River 1 Aarpa River 2 Achan Kovil River 3 Adyar River 4 Aganashini 5 Ahar River 6 Ajay River 7 Aji River 8 Alaknanda River 9 Amanat River 10 Amaravathi River 11 Arkavati River 12 Atrai River 13 Baitarani River 14 Balan River 15 Banas River 16 Barak River 17 Barakar River 18 Beas River 19 Berach River 20 Betwa River 21 Bhadar River 22 Bhadra River 23 Bhagirathi River 24 Bharathappuzha 25 Bhargavi River 26 Bhavani River 27 Bhilangna River 28 Bhima River 29 Bhugdoi River 30 Brahmaputra River 31 Brahmani River 32 Burhi Gandak River 33 Cauvery River 34 Chambal River 35 Chenab River 36 Cheyyar River 37 Chaliya River 38 Coovum River 39 Damanganga River 40 Devi River 41 Daya River 42 Damodar River 43 Doodhna River 44 Dhansiri River 45 Dudhimati River 46 Dravyavati River 47 Falgu River 48 Gambhir River 49 Gandak www.downloadexcelfiles.com 50 Ganges River 51 Ganges River 52 Gayathripuzha 53 Ghaggar River 54 Ghaghara River 55 Ghataprabha 56 Girija River 57 Girna River 58 Godavari River 59 Gomti River 60 Gunjavni River 61 Halali River 62 Hoogli River 63 Hindon River 64 gursuti river 65 IB River 66 Indus River 67 Indravati River 68 Indrayani River 69 Jaldhaka 70 Jhelum River 71 Jayamangali River 72 Jambhira River 73 Kabini River 74 Kadalundi River 75 Kaagini River 76 Kali River- Gujarat 77 Kali River- Karnataka 78 Kali River- Uttarakhand 79 Kali River- Uttar Pradesh 80 Kali Sindh River 81 Kaliasote River 82 Karmanasha 83 Karban River 84 Kallada River 85 Kallayi River 86 Kalpathipuzha 87 Kameng River 88 Kanhan River 89 Kamla River 90