TheTraveller "The aftentionof a traveller,should be particularlyathrned, in the first place,to the Variousworks of Nature ...."
FollowingBartram's Alabama Trail As he traveledtoward the gulf coast,Bartram exploredthe forestsalong the Alabamariver conidor earFriends: In lateJune 1775, William and encountered"a very remarkablegrove of Dog Bartramleft the Georgiafrontier with a wood trees(Cornus Florida), which continuednine "companyof adventurers,"bound for or ten milesunalterable." There were magnolias, Mobile. The parly reachedthe banksof the Chatta- oakleafliydrangeas, wild plums, "a perfectyellow" hoocheeRiver a few weekslater and were met by primrose,and numerousother wonders. CreekIndians from the Yuchi town. who assisted And therewere adventuresgalore. Bartram their passageacross the river. Bartrammarveled at swamthe AlabamaRiver at flood stage,witnessed theirtown, declaringit "the largest,most compact, the solemnblack drink ceremonyat the Creektown and best situatedIndian town I ever saw; the of Otasseand was regaledby deerskintraders with habitationsare largeand neatlybuilt." The town was tales of the Creek-ChoctawWar then raging along "populousand thriving." the lower Tensawwatershed. Bartram'sfirst experiencewest of the Chafta- This fall, the BartramTrail Conferencewill hoocheeRiver at the "beautiful"town of the Yuchi revisit Bartram'sAlabama journey. The 2003 was only the first of many incredibleexperiences in BartramTrail ConferenceBiennial meetingwill be the land we now call Alabama.He visitedthe towns held October24-26,2003, in Montgomery,Alabama. of the Tallapoosaand Alabama Creeks and explored Come and meet old friends,make new ones,feast on the abandonedsite of the FrenchFort Toulouse, great southernfoods, float down the Tallapoosa recordingthe locationwas "perhaps,one of the most River, seehistoric sitesand hearthe latestscholar- eligiblesituations for a city in the world; a levelplain ship on William Bartram.Our hostsfor the meeting betrveenthe conflux of two maiesticrivers." will be the AlabamaDepartment of Archivesand History and the AlabamaHistorical Commission. The registrationform and conferenceschedule are includedrvith your newsletter.I hopeto seeyou in Montgomery.
KathrynH. Braund,President Bartram Trail Conference
We sadly note the passingof Dr. Ralph Palmerof TenantsHarbor, Maine, on July 21,2003.Dr. Palmerwas a notedornithologist and naturalist and a long-timesupporter of the BartramTrail Conference.He is bestknown as the author/ editor of five volumesof the Handbookof North American Birds (Yale U P). Dr. Palmerwas 89. 2 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003
BartramCrossing the NantahalaRiver point of crossingwas probably in the vicinityof and Meeting with Atakullakulla,May Aquonenear the mouthof ChogaCreek." [a]. This areais now underNantahala Lake. He goeson to r775 say: "Beyondthe Nantahalathe probableroute was up the valleyof ChogaCreek and across the divide We haverecently published a detailedtrail (at Old RoadGap) to JunaluskaCreek (Wayah Bald guidefor (22 the ChunkyGal Trail mi.) andFires quadrangle)"[4]. CreekRim (25 mi.) [1]. To orientthe reader:the This would havebeen around May 24,7775. Chunky Gal Trail peelsoff the AppalachianTrail Harperthen discussesBartram's accidental and dra- westof StandingIndian Mountain, fifteen miles west maticmeeting with Atakullakulla,the grandchief of of Franklin,NC. It travelsnorthwest along Chunky the Cherokeeswho had beento Englandand dined Gal Mountain and other unnamedhigh ridgesto Bob with the King. Shortly thereafter,towards the end of Allison Campground,whichis betweenand eastof May 1775,in the vicinity of Andrews,NC, Barlram Hayesville,NC andAndrews, NC. It thenclimbs and turnedback south,ending his explorationof North terminatesat its northernend on the FiresCreek Rim Carolina,probably because of fearsfor his safety. Trail on TusquiteeBald. The FiresCreek Rim Trail The Britishwere stirring up theNative Americans is a closedpath that circlesaround the Fires Creek for the AmericanRevolution, which had starteda Basin,a basinclosed on threesides by high ridges. few weeksbefore. Possibly Atakullakulla warned TusquiteeBald (5240ft.) is on the highnortheast rim Bartramat their meetinga day or so before. and the basin openson the southwestwhere Fires Thereare other descriptions of Bartram's Creek,which drainsthe basinof 14,000acres, flows route [5] that take him furthernorth crossingthe out. While we were doing the fieldwork for the NantahalaRiver near the intersectionof H*y. 19ll29 guide,we had occasionaiviews of McDonaldRidge, and SR 1310,Wayah Rd., in theNantahala Gorge at which runs from the Nantahalaridge spinewest to Beechertownand the NantahalaLaunch Site.The NantahalaLake. The NC BartramTrail [2] follows NC BartramTrail passeswithin a few hundredfeet McDonald Ridge from WinespringBald to Nantahala of this intersectionon its way to begin the climb to Lake. The NC BartramTrail meetsthe lake nearthe CheoahBald, its presentnorthern termination point. small settlementof Aquone,NC at the northernend It is aboutfive miles from wherethe Old Road Gap of the lake. route intersectsthe NC BartramTrail, at Appletree On the Rim Trail, we noticeda seldom-used Group Campground,to this point. There is a his- trail startingat County Corners(where Macon, Clay toricalsign,0.3 mi. alongHvry.19ll29, northeast of and CherokeeCounties have a commonboundary the inter-sectionbeside the NantahalaRiver, at a point) that travelsnorth down to Old Road Gap and pull-off, that commemoratesBartram's meeting with then eastto an improvedForest Service road. From Atakullakullain this vicinity. this ForestService road it is a hike of 2.8 milesto Regardlessof the actuallocation of Bartram's JunaluskaGap. There one finds a nefworkof trails crossingof the NantahalaRiver and meetingwith associatedwith AppletreeGroup Campgroundthat Atakullakulla,if onehikes this new trail connection can be usedto travel northeastfive miles or so to the onewill be closeto oneof the placesthought to be NC BartramTrail nearAppletree Group Camp- where Bartramcrossed the NantahalaRiver and met ground.Appletree Group Campgroundis a few miles Atakullakulla.The Old RoadGap route shownin our west of Aquone,NC. We have improvedand marked guide connectsthe Chunky Gal Trail and FiresCreek the Old Road Gap Trail (ForestTrail #25) and have Rim Trail to the NC BartramTrail and,therefore, to addedthis connectionto the NC BartramTrail to the the AppalachianTrail. This opensup a multitudeof recentprinting ofour traiI guide[1]. It is interesting new long distanceloop hikesthat allow us to enjoy that when you hike down McDonald Ridge on the this areaand scenerywhere Baftram traveledtowards NC BartramTrail, the prominentmountain to the the endof May 1775. west is TusquiteeBald. Later, while readingFrancis Harper's com- JohnR. Rqy([email protected]) mentaryin Travels [3], we were amazedthat Harper MqlcolmJ. Skove had given Bartram'sroute, after crossingthe Nan- tahalaRiver, as going throughOld RoadGap: "The 3 Newsletter of the Bartram Trail Conference Summer2003
Notes the genrethat is definedby this "ecologicalway of 0] Ray,J. R., M. J. Skove,and B. Kenyon.Chunlg,Gal seeing"and writing is mostcommonly referred to as Trail and Fires Creek Rim Trail, Detailed Trail Gttide with "naturewriting." In AmericanNature Writers,Philip Maps of the Trails in the Nantahala J{ational Forest In G. Tenie suggeststhat "Americannature writing as a Clay CountyNorth Carolina,2nd edition. Winter 2002 distinctgenre began with William Bartram." (availablefrom the authors). On an ecologicallevel, early American [2] Ray and Skove.Bartram Trail, Detailed Guidewith naturewriting recordsa naturalworld of abundance Mapsfor the Trail in the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, lst edition.2001 (availablefrom the anddiversity that is now difficult to imagine, authors). revealinga lost momentin the history of the [3] Bartram, William. The Travels of ll/illiam Bartram formation of the United States.Bartram's Travels, 1791,Naturalist Edition, editedby FrancisHarper. Athens: for example,reveals the storiesof exploration, U of GeorgiaP, 1998. colonization,and settlement, as well as accountsof [4] Bartram,391-392. forced relocationof Native Americanpeoples and the [5] SeeBartram Heritage Report at the BarframTrail dramaticalteration of the North American landscape Conferenceweb site (www.barframtrail.org). and its wild inhabitants.On a literary level, early American naturewriting offers a curiousmix of The LiteraryEcology of Bartram's scientific cataloging,rhapsodic observation, and Travels narrativesof personalexperience. At its mosttragic, Bartram's Travelsoffers a WhenWilliam Bartramfound himself compellingrecord of habitatdestruction, species ex- "greatlysurprised at the suddenappearance ofa tinction, and the devastationof wildland commu- remarkablylarge spider on a leaf," he "drew closer" nities, including swamps,forests, and mountains. andobserved the spiderprey upon a bumblebee; the Facedwith numeroustypes of "loss"- from a loss spider.in turn.watched Bartram. Bartram then rvon- for rvordsbefore a sublimelandscape or the lossof deredif the spidermight becomethe "deliciouseve- influential familial relationships- the dedicationto ning repastof a bird or lizard." observationand the pursuitof knowledgeinherent in Although such literal observationof the earlyAmerican nature writing is accompanied cyclical patternsof natureis characteristicof Bar- throughthe dark woods,down free-flowing rivers, tram's Travels,there are also momentsin Travels and acrosshigh mountainswith Bartram's "attendant when Bartram'sprosaic examinations of natural spirit,curiosify." At its mosthopeful, early American history are infusedwith a senseof craftedliterary naturewriting rekindlesthis curiosityby suggesting style: "The vergesand isletsof the lagoonwere ele- that an understandingofan ecologicalpast that no gantlyembellished with floweringplants and shrubs; longerexists has value as we contemplateour shared the laughingcoots with wings half spreadwere trip- ecologicalfuture. Bartram's Trsvelschronicles the ping over the little coves,and hiding themselvesin origins of the humanresponse to landscapeagainst the tufts of grass;young broodsof the painted which we may begin to measureour own modern summerteal, skimming the still surfaceof the waters, acknowledgmentof this delicaterelationship. and following the watchful parentunconscious of We readBartram's work and wonder: What danger,were frequentlysurprised by the voracious is the relationshipbetween literature and the physical trout; and he, in turn, as often by the subtle,greedy environment?How can we recali pastlandscapes in alligator." the contextof modernenvironmental concems? How Passagessuch as this one demonstratenot have humaninteractions with, observationsof, and only Bartram'sclose examinationof the natural responsesto landscapesshaped one another?What world, but also revealhis awarenessof languageand doesa portraitof losstell us? audience.His descriptionsof the sublimeforest, Theseare someof the questionsthat eco- river, and oceanlandscapes further illustratethe critics - "scholarswho study representationsof the conflationof two previouslydistinct forms of naturalenvironment in literary and cultural texts" - writing: the scientific and the literary. So,is Travels ask.The critical methodologythat ecocriticsemploy a work of naturalhistory? Or is it a work of to contendwith thesequestions has been named literature?The answerto both questionsis "yes," and "eco-criticism."The termwas first coinedin 1978by William Rueckertin his essav."Literature and 4 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer 2003
Ecology:An Experimentin Ecocriticism."Rueckert Bartram's descriptions- whether of spidersor suggestedthat ecocriticisminvolved the "application alligators or other human and natural phenomena - ofecology andecological concepts to the studyof express the dynamic interactions between human cul- literature."In TheEcocriticism Reader: Landmarks ture and the natural world and remind us that an eco- in Literary Ecologt (1996),Cheryll Glotflety defined critical perspectiveis necessaryin our modern times. ecocriticismas the "studyof literatureas ifthe environmentmattered." Since then. the definition of Jennifer L. Hughes ecocriticismhas been the subjectof muchdebate. University of Nevada, Reno What doesa literary criticism informed by an ecologicalconsciousness look like?Can anywork of SuggestedReading literaturebe readfrom an ecocriticalperspective? Armbruster,Karla, and KathleenR. Wallace.Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Eco- How can ecocriticismestablish itself as an academic criticism.Charlottesville: U P of Virginia,2001. field without compromisingits inherentmulti- Branch,Michael P., and ScottSlovic, eds. Zfte ISLE fariousnessand mutability?Ecocriticism, it seems, Reader:Ecocriticism, 1993-2003. Athens: U of hastaken an ethicalstance by calling our attentionto GeorgiaP, 2003. concernsfor environmentalawareness and actionand Branch,Michael P., ed.Reading the Roots:American Na- foregroundingthe needto make literary studies ture Writing BeforeWalden. Athens: U of GeorgiaP, pertinentto the world outsideof academia. 2004. A sampleof definitionsof ecocriticismfrom Buell, Lawrence. T h e Env ir onment al I magi nat i o n : the Associationfor the Study of Literatureand the Thoreau,Natttre Wriling, and the Formation of AmericanCulture. Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1995. Environment(ASLE) websitesuggests that an eco- "DefiningEcocritical Theory and Practice." Westem critical approach"shares the fundamentalpremise LiteratureAssociation Conference. 1994. Association that humanculture is connectedto the physical for the Studvof Literatureand the Environment.I world, affecting it and affectedby it" and "seeksto Aug. 2003.www.asle.umn.edu. reattachscholars to eachother and scholarshipto the Elder- John. ed.American Nature l{riters. New York; real concernsabout the world." Patternedafter Scribners,1996. ecologicalsystems, an ecocriticalperspective Glotfelty, Cheryll,and Harold Fromm, eds.The Eco- requiresa "recontextualizingliterature in the criticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecolog,,. physical,grounded circumstances of life andthought Athens:U of GeorgiaP, 1996. and action." By its very nature,then, ecocriticism Irmscher, Christoph. The Poetics of Natttral History: From to William James.New Brunswick. offers a decidedlybroad theoretical framework and John Bartram N.J.: RutgersU P, 1999. an opportunityto exploreenvironmentally-minded Kerridge, Richard,and Neil Sammells,eds. Lltriting the interdisciplinaryscholarship. Just as ecology is a Env ironment: Ecocriticism and Literature. London: processthat is continuallyevolving and responding Zed Books,1998. to changesin the environment,ecocriticism has Mazel, David, ed.A Century of Early Ecocriticism. evolvedthroughout its history. In fact, a long Athens:U of GeorgiaP, 2001. ecocriticaltradition in literary studiesexists. Inl Murphy, Patrick, Terry Gifford, and KatsunoriYamazato, Century of Early Ecocriticism, David Mazel suggests eds. The Literature of Nature: An International that the first ecocriticalexamination of Bartram's Sourcebook.Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn,1998. work was written by Henry Tuckermanin 1864. Rosendale,Steven, ed. The Greening of Literary Scholarship: Literature, Theory,and the Environment. Tuckermanacknowledges Bartram for his "atten- Iowa Cify: U of Iowa P,2002. tivenessto details"and his literary fscientific] Scheese,Dor. Nature lVriting: ThePastoral Impulse in "eloquence.tt America. New York: TwaynePublishers, 1996. According to Terrie, Bartram's Travelsis Tallmadge, John, and Henry Harrington, eds. Reading "both a recordofthe encounterofa perceptive Under the Sign of Nature: New Essays in consciousnesswith the natural world and a lyrical Ecocriticism.Salt Lake Citv: U of Utah P. 2000. accountof the impactof that encounteron the mind and the soul of the traveler."As a work of early American naturewriting, Bartram's Travelsis re- www.bartramtrail.org markablefor its recognitionof the interconnected relationshipsbetween humans and the environment. I
5 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003
An Invitation from the Societyfor the historyin art.This alsowill includespecial access to History of Natural History exhibitsat the AmericanPhilosophical Society ("StuffingBirds, Pressing Plants, Shaping Know- ledge")and the Academyof Natural Sciences We havecommon interests. This in mind, I ("Lewis & Clark:The NationalBicentennialExhi- thank membersof the BTC for the chanceto bition").Membership of SHNH is opento all with an introducethe Societyfor the History of Natural interestin the history of botany,geology and zoology History. If you've readArchivesof natural history, in the broadestsense and who agreeto abideby the cometo oneof our meetings,or visited Rulesof the Society.For details,see www.shnh.org. www.shnh.orgyou've seenwhat we do. The mission How might we help fosterwork with the of the SHNH is to encouragethe historicaland BTC? Considerwriting for Archives.Ask your bibliographicalstudy of allbranchesof natural library to startan institutionalsubscription. Use our historyin all periodsand cultures. Whether it's the Newsletterto seekinformation from our members. life-long studyor bibliographyof particular Cometo Philadelphiain November2004.If you want naturalistsor wide ranging social historiesof natura- to know more, or havea question/suggestionabout list communities,chances are we havemembers with the Society,feel free to write me or Leslie Over- similar interests.We like to say that SHNI{ is the street,and we'll seewhat we can do to help. only internationalsociety devoted to the history of botany,zoology and geology,in the broadestsense, JoeCain (. [email protected]) includingnatural history collections,exploration, art SHNHPresident and biblicgraphy.The Societywas foundedin 1936 by a smallgroup of scientists,librarians and bibliographerscentered at the British Museum Forthcoming inthe Archives of natural history'. (\atural Historl) in l-ondon.It qrervinto a focal point in Britain for the historyof all aspectsof Symposiumto mark the bicentenaryof the birth of naturalhistory. Sinceour modestbeginnings, the GeorgeBentham. Articles by P. F. Stevens;G. Mc- SFNH hasgrown internationallyand in breadth.Half Ouat;D. E. Allen; A. B. Shteir;E. C. Nelson;D. E. our membersnow come from outsidethe British Allen, P. H. Oswald,& M. Walpole;A. M. Lucas;R. Bellon. Isles.We are a robustmixture of interestsand occupations. Otherarticles: H.-J. Lechtreck(wax fruit, teachingaids SHNH is an independentpublisher. Most im- andtable decorations);L. J. Dorr, D. H. Nicolson,& portant,we produceArchives of natural history,a L. K. Overstreet,(Stansbury's Expedition to the valley peer-reviewedprofessional journal. If you'venot of the Great Salt Lake); E. L. Yochelson(trilobites seenit lately,take anotherlook. Browsethrough the andthe NineteenthCentury) S. J. M. M. Alberti tablesof contentson-line. We've just publisheda (Naturalhistory in late Victorian Yorkshire). cumulativeindex; soon it'll appearin a databaseon the Web. If you have material,consider writing for it. We publishoriginal research articles (8- 12,000 words) as well as short notesand announcements BenjaminHawkins and the Muscogees (500-2,000words). Internationally,we organisearound regional As a teenagerin centralGeorgia, where the representativeswho arrangelocal meetingsand work BartramTrail runs throughMacon along the banksof hard to bring our community together.Our North the OcmulgeeRiver, we had a standingjoke: the best American representativeis Ms. Leslie Overstreet, thing to come out of our town was Interstate75 Curatorof Natural-HistoryRare Books,Smithsonian North. Likely the "North" qualificationrelated to the InstitutionLibraries ([email protected]).In alter- fact that ninety miles north of Macon was Atlanta . . . natingyears, our annualmeeting switched between a Hotlanta in the vernacular of the day. localein Britain and an internationallocation. For most of my crowd in thosedays culture In Spring2004 we are likely to meetin Cam- meantR.E.M. or the B-52s and history meantthe All- bridge.In November2004 we will meetin Phila- manBrothers Band - a deeplyreligious experience delphia,together with a major conferenceon natural being an excursionto RoseHill Cemeteryto smokea 6 Newsletterof the Baftram Trail Conference Summer2003 joint on GregAllman's graveoverlooking the Oc- Hawkins'stimes, but whiskey,salt and smallpox do mulgee,leaving, with a senseof greatdeference, the takea toll. The Muscogeeswere not, however, the "roach"behind "for Greg."I supposethat all sounds originalinhabitants of the area,which had been rathersilly now,yet thereis no denyingthat most of continuouslyoccupied since about 11,500 b.c.e. The us areto a largeextent shaped by thesesorts of Mississippimound builders seem to havebeen the seemingtrivialities. For myselfI know thatmy child- originaloccupants of the area,followed by the hood in Macon hasproven to be much like Hitichi, who uponthe appearanceof the Muscogee, quicksand. migratedsouth to form the basisof the Seminole Growing up in Macon alsomeant school nation.Europeans in turn displacedthe Muscogee,a field trips to boththe OcmulgeeNational Monument, processthat began when English traders visited, calledby localsThe IndianMounds, and Fort probablyin 1686under the commandof Dr. Henry BenjaminHawkins. Thesetrips were arrangedwhile Woodward.These traders set up a post.trading onewas in elementaryschool, therefore the Europeangoods for buckskinand began the practice significanceof what one was seeingwas lost,and I of callingthe inhabitantsOchese (Ocmulgee) Creek. recall very little of thosetrips otherthan a senseof They eventuallydropped the Ochesequalifier, claustrophobiarvhen we went down into the darkness referringto the inhabitantssimply as Creek lndians. of the largestof the mounds.In thosedays you were This displacementculminated in the removalof what actuallyallowed to go deepinto the moundand sit remainedof the Muscogeepeople to Oklahomaas wherethe buildersof the moundswould havesat. but part of AndrewJackson's campaign, at the behestof now it is well lit and glassedin. You standat the ThomasJefferson, to ethnicallycleanse the area entranceand pressa button for a recordingthat duringthe first half of the nineteenthcentury. describesthe architectureand usesof the mound. BenjaminHawkins, who assumedthe title of Now that I think of it, therewas snow that day. We Superintendentof all Indiantribes south of the Ohio somehowfound somecardboard and "sledded"down River. residedin and administeredfrom the Mus- the mounds.I am a teachernow and am amusedto cogeeareas of what is now Georgiaand Alabama think of how loudly I would be compelledto yell if betweenthe years of 1798and 1816.President my studentswere to attemptsuch a thing. Washingtonoriginally appointed Hawkins, and Fort Hawkins was lessinspiring, as you were Hawkins ultimatelyproved a staunchJeffersonian, not allowed to actuallyenter the fort, but only stand very mucha believerin states'rights. It is thusthat in outsideof it and look at it. It seemedrather pointless; spite of Hawkins's apparentconcern for the rights of therewas no contextprovided rvith which to thosenominally underhis charge,his tenureat this constructa story. The teachersdidn't know who post is largely characterizedby a seriesoftreaties BenjaminHawkins was or the history of the fort securingland cessionsfrom the Muscogeeson terms otherthan to say it was a somethingcalled a very favorableto Georgiaand by unsuccessfulat- "blockhouse,"a meaninglessbit of informationat the temptsto Anglicizethe Muscogeepeople. All of this time. A kid namedBen Cook mimicked a cavalryman took placeagainst a backdropof internationaland quipping,"Hey, look at me; I'm in F-Troop!"I national intrigueas France,England and Spain,in suspectthat thesetrips by the time of my youth had commonwith local land speculatorsand politicians becomea sort of ritualistic chorethat no teachertook looked for ways to exploit the regionto political and seriously.How odd it is to reflectthat so manyyears financial advantages.These forces were to sub- later I would devoteso much time to the studyof stantiallyimpact upon the history of Hawkins's Hawkins, the Muscogeeinhabitants of the areaand agencyand thereforethe history of the Muscogee eighteenth-centuryGeorgia. And we all thoughtwe'd nation as eachgroup soughtalternately to influence neveruse this stuff in the real world! the Muscogeetowns towardrebellion or defense, Long beforeBartram's visit in the eighteenth dependingon which view you adopt,as a meansto centuryDe Soto and his tribe introducedHell, whis- advanceschemes designed to control territory. key, a tastefor salt, and small pox to the Muscogee Eventsin the regionwere ultimatelyto have inhabitantson the banksof the OcmulgeeRiver in a substantial,if not well-known impacton United 1540.At the time the numberof Muscogeewas Stateshistory. The Muscogeenation's roles in the significantlyhigher than in eitherBartram's or SpanishConspiracy and a seriesof wars,including 7 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003
the War of 1812and the so-calledWar of the Red to 23. The weatherwas perfectand public support Sticks,which madethe careersof mensuch as led to salesof $49,000!The paintwas not evendry. Andrew Jackson,are not inconsequential.Further, "Openingthe Doorto a New World: Mark the Muscogeeculture and region was peopledby a Catesby'sTravels in La Florida"was on display litany of fascinatingcharacters including Alexander March 29-May 18 at the ThomasCenter Gallery, in McGilivray,Tussekiah Micco, William Augustus Gainesville.Mallory McCaneO'Connor described (Billy) Bowles,Tecumseh and evenHawkins this colorfultraveling exhibit at the 2001BTC himself,whose education in the region is culminated meeting. by an epic, narrativeroundness, his administration CharlotteM. Porterwas an invited speakerat endingin tragedyand evenhis personallegacy the SavannahGarden Exposition in Savannah,GA on burningto the groundtwo scantweeks after his death April 4th. Her topic was"Consider the Source:Wil- - a circumstanceevoking tantalizing narrative liam BartramLooks at Savannah."The Expo, held at possibilities. the RoundhouseRailroad Museum, included creative Benjamin Hawkins's lettersjournals and via- gardendisplays, walking tours of Savannah,and tory writings are availablethrough a coupleworks, great food. thoughsome are hardto locate.The BeehivePress in Brad Sandersled an outing for the Georgia Savannahpublished a two-volume collectionof his Museum of Natural History. The group beganin works, but this is currentlyout of print and very dif- Wrightsboroughand followed Bartram'sroute ficult to locate.The good news is that archaeologist throughthe New Purchaseand endedat the Oconee ThomasFoster is currentlyediting Hawkins's papers River in Athens.There were 30 peoplein attendance; and a releasethrough the University of Alabama all havenow becomegreat Bartram fans. Pressis plannedfor the fall. Tom Hallock gavea talk on Bartramin John Stewart'shonors humanities class at OsceolaHigh Trt-t Brooking School,Seminole, Florida. John and Tom described Kennesun-, Georgia Bartram as a transitionalfigure betweenthe enlightenmentand romanticperiods in Europeand Suggested Reading America. Braund, Kathryn H. Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo America. Lincoln: U of NebraskaP,2002. Book Reviews Florette, Henri. The SouthernIndians and Benjamin Hawkins: 1796-1816.Norman: U of OklahomaP, Brad Sanders.Guide to lI/illiam Bartram's Travels: I 986. Following the Trail of America's First Great Nat- Chaudhuri, JeanHaya-Atke Hiyutke, and Joyotpaul uralist. Athens:Fevertree Press, 2002.384 pp. Chaudhuri.A SacredPath: The Way of the Muscogee $ I 9.95 (www.fevertreepress.com). Creeks.The AmericanIndian StudiesCenter,200l.
This welcomeand refreshingdiscussion of Trail Mix: News andNotices William Bartram'stravels in the Southeastpresents one of the greatpioneers in naturalhistory. The You can order copiesof the Georgia book, with amplephotographic illustrations, is a OutdoorsBartram Video by sendinga checkto useful and authoritativereference that will serve GeorgiaPublic Broadcastingin the amountof $25 scholars,tourists, and travelersalike for many years per VHS. ln the memo line of the check,write to come. "GeorgiaOutdoors: The BartramTrail". Pleasemail The authorplaces Bartram's naturalhistory this to the attentionof JanDoles GeorgiaPublic explorationsin the contextof eighteenth-century Television260 l4th ST NW, Atlanta,GA 30318. North America and the politics of France,England Theseprograms are alsoviewable in the internetat and Spain,a contextthat is absentin most other dis- www. gpb.or{ gptvI georgiaoutdoors. cussionsof Bartram'stravels. This book also places The William BartramPaint Out in Paynes Bartram's travelswithin the contextof the native Prairiewas a wonderful partnershipfeaturing 45 peoplesof the Southeast,their histories,customs and landscapeartists working on locationfrom April 18 their intertribalpolitics. 8 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003
Added bonusesare the fine descriptionof the andscenes. For exanplewe view Martin'sCreek naturalenvironments that characterizedthe many Fallsin the drivingtour (201),and again on the wal- placesthat Bartramvisited and the local historythat king tour Qa9).The armchairtourist might be con- sometimesspans centuries. If one looksat a modern fused,but the hikeror exploreris not likely to be. mapof the Southeast,one cannot help but be im- We readat the outsetthe admonitionthat "a pressedby the Native American namesapplied to trail is a pathbetween points, and a guideis a mapof geographicfeatures such as mountainsand water- the path," so we are not to expectBartram-like ways.This work providesa concisegazetteer of the effusions.Indeed, the descriptionof the hikesis clear originsand localhistories of manyof thesenames. and straightforward.But the introductionsare beauti- Bartramdid not wander a wilderness.Rather, fully written, with somelyrical passagesrivaling he visited areaswith widespreadnative agriculture Bartram'sprose. We readthat "thereare places andestablished commerce involving other regions of wherethe world of Bartram'sTravels seems an the country and other nations.Some areas were al- irretrievablepart of distanthistory, but Paynes readypeopled with somewhite settlersand traders Prairie,the greatAlachua Savanna, still opensa and connectedby roadsin use for centuries.Bartram window into the past,showirrg that there are sites traveledscenic roads that led to thesescattered com- that can sing to the imaginationtoday j ust as they did munitiesand often enjoyed the hospitalityof peoples morethan 200 years ago. One needs only to walk and of manyethnic backgrounds. In sum,this book is a listen"(147). valuabletool to any naturalist,geographer, and Becausethe bookis primarilya guide,the scholarinterested in earlybiological exploration. authorstrip lightly over the historicalevents that pro- vide a contextfor the Travels.In the interestsof his- Fred G. Thompson tory, someminor caveatsshould be offered.There is Florida Museumof NaturalHistory no reasonto believe.as the authorsdo, thatWilliam was mistakenin identifying his companion,John Mc- CharlesD. Spornick,Alan R. Cattier,and RobertJ. Intosh,as Lachlan'sson (41). William callshim "my Greene.An Outdoor Guide to Bartram s Travels. youngcompanion" and notes how SarahMclntosh, Athens:U of GeorgiaP,2003.405pp. $19.95. Lachlan'swife andJohn's mother, had to be per- suadedto give herconsent to the expedition.This If An Outdoor Guide doesnot get readersout John.or Jack.was sixteen at the time.William Mc- of theireasy chairs and into the woods,nothing will. Intosh's son John,the future hero,was tweng-five, The authorsstate that the purposeof the book is sim- andwould not haveneeded his auntSarah's permis- ply "to build a bridge from a book aboutthe land to sion. the land itself' (xx). Bartram's Travelsis the book It would havebeen in the 1750s,not the late aboutthe land.and it is a vade mecumfor usersof 1760s.that GovernorEllis commissionedSavannah's the Guide. fortifications(22).It would be nice if the houseat The Guide does not attempt to trace Bar- 110East Oglethorpe in Savannahwere Lachlan tram's entirejourney. Building upon the reportsof Mclntosh's, but the recordsmerely state that the the BartramTrail Conferencepublished in 1979,it housewas built for JohnEppinger before 1184(21). focuseson threedesignated Bartram Trails, one The "Battleof Keg Creek"(103) should read the along Clark's Hill Lake in Georgia,another through "Battle of Kettle Creek." the Cherokeecountry, and a third throughthe Until recently,most of the booksabout Bar- TuskegeeNational Forestof Alabama.The trails tram have dealtwith abstractions,his philosophy, commemorateBartram's passing;they do not literary style,religion, influenceon the Romantic replicatethe actualroutes taken by the naturalist. Movement,scientific discoveries, art, and evenpsy- Bartramfollowed well-troddentrading paths, not the chologicalmake-up. For theseworks, the authorsdid crestsof the mountains.In addition,there are not have to strayfar from the archivesin walking tours of the cities visited by Bartram, Philadelphia.Writers who live in the land troddenby featuringcolonial sitesand historic buildingsthat are Bartram have begunto put him firmly in placeand not necessarilyconnected to Bartram. time, notably Kathryn Braundand Greg Waselkovin Becausedriving trails as well as walking their book on SoutheasternIndians. and mv effort in trailsare provided, there is somerepetition of sites 9 Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003
connectingBartram with the eventsof the American laceratingobservation, as in the closeof section9, Revolution.Brad Sanders'authoritative and "TheClouds": encyclopedicGuide to William Bartram's Travels Timesthe Cloudsrvere lit with distantllre andrumbled all night with its forfy-sevendetailed maps fixed Bartramto rviththe death-cries ofthe alligators the landas neverbefore. Now Spornick,Cattier, and andthe pop-popofthe hunters'rif'lesand theirjubilant calls Greenetake us alongriver andmountain trails and harmonizingwith the wails of the sirens showus scenesthat Bartram saw. In connectingthe as the litteredwrappers of Filet-O-Fishsandwiches baftened in the barbedrvire to glimmer in the searchlights bookabout the landwith the land itself,and in enticingthe readerto follow Bartram'strails, the like tilesof a lostmosaic authorssucceed adm irablv. or wild ghostlyfacets of a jewel. (24) The poem ultimately offers little hope for Florida, as EdwardJ. Cashin it continuesdown the pathwayof glitzy corpora- AttgustaState University tization ("Nike was now the official footwearof the clouds"),as it gobblesup its waterways,as its habitat CampbellMcGrath. Florida Poems.New York: diminishesand its nativehistory vanishes. Yet, the Ecco/HarperCollins, 2002. I l2 pp. $13.95. languageof this riseand fall is oftenbeautifui and moving, and evenas it offers little hope,the mere CampbellMcGrath's sixth book, Florida creationofsuch an allegoryis hopefulofchange, as Poents,is a free-rangingevisceration and forensic well as its positionat the beginningof this book. analysisof oneof the USA's mostproblematic states "Floridiana,"the middlesection, offers a hodge- andstates of mind - Florida.Appropriately, he ap- podgeof historicaltreatments, past and projected,as proacheshis subjectfrom a diverseperspective of well as profiles of variousflora and faunathat poeticstyles and devicesin an attemptto ameliorate identifoFlorida, and includessuch poems as the his observationin the ranting,yet tender,finale to the unsettling"Benediction for the Saviorof Orlando," book,"The FloridaPoem," that "Floridais bereltof "Edisonin Fort Meyers,""Elizabeth Bishop in the mythic infrastructure,/symbolically impoverished ..." Houseon White Street,""The Key Lime" and "The (89). Having cometo this areafrom that otherprob- Manatee."Among the tiner poemsin this section, Iematicstate, California, I can say that,Miami Vice, "William BartramBeset by Crocodilesor Alliga- the Fountainof Youth, and danglingchads aside, tors," accordingto a noteon the acknowledgements McGrath is right. No true coherentrepresentation of page,is "adapted,bowdlerized, and otherwisepla- Florida'shistorical complexity and cultural diversity giarized"from Bartram's Travels,and recounts existed,until now. The outsiderperceives Florida as vividly his visit to Lake Dexteralong the St.John's fragmentary,its history conflated,as it seemsto jump Riverin 1774: directly from Poncede Leon's explorationto the mostrecent presidential election. The outsiderfills Paddlingwith all my Might I madetowards the Entranceof the the long period in betweenthese events with three Lagoon,hoping to be Shelteredfrom the Multitude of my Assailants, migrations,one from New York/New Jersey,one But ere I had Half-Way reachedthe PlaceI was Attackedon all from Cuba,and finally the migrationof Disneyfrom Sides. Cali fornia..However, F Ior id a Po e m s successfully My situationnow becamePrecarious to the last Degree:two very and importantlyexplores Florida's multifaceted LargeOnes assailed me at closequartcrs. Roaringtenibly and belchingFloods of Waterover me. identity,and McGrath urgentlyarticulates the my,thic They struck their Jawestogether so near to my Ears, and symbolicstructures that he claimsFlorida lacks. As almostto StunMe, and I expected The first sectionof the book beginsthe task Any Minute to be draggedout of the Boat and Instantly in earnest- perhapsproblematically for those Devoured.(40) unwillingto suspenddisbelief as much as this poem While the alligator attackis its dramaticcenter, the demands- imaginingthe rise and fall of a city in the poem entertainsmore of thejourney, cataloginghis cloudsover Florida that allegorizes Florida's own botanicalobservations, and endspoignantly with early promise,its historicalvoracity, and its Bartramsetting up campbeside the Yamaseeburial ecologicaland culturaldecline. The poemstumble ground.Each poem in this sectionserves to broaden from form to form, lit with imaginationand our understandingof what makesFlorida so exotic and attractive,its effect on visitors and residents,and 10Newsletter of the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003 what happensto a paradisebeset by immigrantsand connectionso successfullyand so comoletelvas corporateexploiters. While the first sectionis alle- Florida Poems. gory, myth, the middle sectionis more contemporary in its poetictreatments of desireand loss. Marty Lltilliams The third sectionof the book, "TheFlorida I/aldos t a State Un ive rs ity Poem,"is an ambivalentmock epic,a rant,an appreciation,a lament,a condemnationof human Christophlrmscher. The Poetics of Natural History: excessand voracity that beganwith poncede Leon From John Bartram to ll'illiam Jqmes.New Bruns- andHernando de Sotoand the enslavementand wick: RutgersU P, 1999.320pp. $42. slaughterofthe nativepopulations, that continued throughthe ageof Henry Flagler and Governor Exploringwhat Vladimir Nabokov described Drew,and continuesnow asthe wetlandsvanish as "the high ridgewhere the mountainside of 'scien- beneathtracts of housingand theme parks- "Florida: tific' knowledgejoins the oppositeslope of 'artistic' just comeon down/and exploit it!" And yet the imagination" (8), The Poetics of Natural History out- poemproclaims an unembarrassedlove for the state, linesa strategyfor approachinga catholicbody of as McGrath speaksfondly of his love for ilre work as literature.Collections have sometimes been pancakesserved at the restaurantat Deleon Springs, identifiedas narratives" (4), Irmscherexplains, and "oneof my favoriteplaces in the state."He statesall his mostinteresting (if problematic)task is to define this explicitly, in lesscolorful languagethan the thepoetics of an unusualassemblage of texts: scien- book'sopening allegory, and more baldlythan in the tific artifacts,paintings, drarvings, advertising bills, middlesection: ticket stubs,galleries, photographs, letters, and oc- casionally,literary natural histories. All it takesis a summerafternoon PartOne, "Displaying," uses the Bartrams floating the pellucid IchetuckneeRiver to to plumb the dragonfly'seye identif, the "collector'sworld" (55)- the reordered ofits fluvial essence spacewhere humansdefine a self - then movesinto and recognizehow much hasbeen lost since William Bartram's the museumsof CharlesWillson Peale and P.T. Bar- day num.These unfailingly original gallery tours careen and how much of suchclemental loveliness is left ....(93) from mastodonsto falseteeth to the feejeemermaid, exploringthe oftenunseftling, loose links in conven- The effect of this is to finish the book with as strong tional taxonomythat previousscholarship has over- and direct a statement as exists in contemporary looked.Part Two, "Representing,"offers no lesssur- verse. Florida "The Poem" is political and personal prisingbut somewhatmore cohesive discussions of without being self-absorbed.It is acutelyobserved, rattlesnakes,the ivory-billedwoodpecker, John yet unabashedin its political stanceand its appre- JamesAudubon andthe ThayerExpedition. Rather ciationof Florida despiteall of its historicalano- than conclude,the book closeson the Amazon basin maliesand humanand ecological atrocitiesMcGrath with Louis Agassizand the young William James,as condemns.The poem endswithout irony, with hope Irmschercharts the end of a discoursethat linked for "the first dayl of our existence,,/today." Florida Poemsis funny, ironic, achinglysad, bitter,hopeful, and complexin its complementary strucfures,yet completelyaccessible from poemto poem.Understanding Florida as metonymicof our The editor would like to thankthe writers in this nation as the last election demonstrated,McGrath issueof The Travellerfor their intelligence,craft, succeedsin capturingthe ethical paradoxesofone of and hard work. It's beena privilege. our most complicatedstates, and thereforein all of us, and he composes this statein unprecedented Those interestedin contributingto future issues, fashion.The book'sambitions and obsessiveness pleasecontact Tom Hallock([email protected]). might put off readerswho want to move unprob- lematicallyfrom one lyricjewel ro the nextwith little needfor connection,yet few booksof American poetryhave created a landscapeas rich with human 1l Newsletterof the BartramTrail Conference Summer2003 humanand non-humanrealms through the photo- Mary Louise Prattor ChristopherLooby allow (6), graphsAgassiz had taken of Brazilianslaves. With the closingimages reveal the anxietiesthat the subjects'physiognomy exaggerated in a visual accompaniedEuro-American portrayals of the argumentagainst miscegenation, these images environment.The subjectof this book(collecting) providestark testimony to the colonizingimpulse in leadsto someauthorial self-indulgences, but Irm- naturalhistory. Irmscher thus succeeds in situating scherseems determined to havewritten an interesting aestheticswithin an imperial context,providing an study.And he hasdone so, offering this brilliant ethicalreading that doesnot blunt its subject.(See negotiationbefween now-discreet academic dis- JenniferHughes in this issuefor moreon theethics ciplines.Anyone interested in William Bartramwill of ecociriticsm.)Although the Introductiondistances take delight inThe Poeticsof Natural History. Irmscher'sstudy from standardpost-colonial claims, maintainingthat his evidence"charts the emergence ThomasHallock of a selfmuch less stable" than literarycritics like BTCNewsletter Editor
Forthcoming Publication RecentPublication
ThomasHallock. From the Fallen Tree:Frontier Travel Essentials: Collected Essayson Travel \arratives, Environmental Politics, and the Writing, ed. SantiagoHenriquez. Las Palmasde Rootsofa National Pastoral, 1749-1826.Chapel GranCanaria: Chandlon Inn P. 1998. Hill: U of North CarolinaP, November2003. lS3 pp.S19.95. This collectionofessays responds to recent scholarshipon a vast,and still expanding,field: fhc .-\mericanpastoral, Thomas Hallock argues, travel writing. Multinational at severaldifferent greu from the anxiety ofan independent levels,the volume includescontributions from citizenrv in the United Statesthat soughtto make Spain,the United States,Japan, and the Nether- itselfnative to the continent.From the mid- lands.Chapters by PereGrifa (on Alexander eishteenthcentury through the era oflndian SlidellMackenzie); Isabel GonzLlez and Maria dispossession,authors developed ideas of nature del Pilar Gonziiez de las Rosa(British imagesof alongsidefully populatedfrontiers. Spain);Santiago Henriquez (contemporary travelers);Saundra Hybels (traveland gender); Hallock providesan alternativeto the myth of PieterR.D. Stokvis(Americans in the Nether- vacantwilderness found in later pastoral lands);William H.A. Williams(on Killarney). writings. Emphasizingshared cultures and conflict in the border regions,he reconstructsthe From theIntroduction: milieu of Hector St. Johnde Crdvecoeur,Thomas Jefferson,William Bartram,Meriwether Lewis "Whereother books have focused on imaginative and William Clark, and JamesFenimore Cooper, joumeysor on moreexternal witnesses to mental as well as lesser-knownfigures suchas Lewis activityand training, such as the harmony and dissonancebetween travel heroes and nature ... travel Evans,Jane Colden. Anne Grant and Elias literatureas a versionofautobiography or the Boudinot.The book is richly illustrated, autobiographicalelement as a supplementof travel supplementing literary readingswith statepapers, literafure,landscape and experience as two real treatydocuments, maps, journals and images.In componentsof travelpersonality or the importanceof doing so, Hallock reinterpretsthe originsof a the chronologicalexposition of the ittnerary,Travel pastoraltradition. Essentialstries to illustratethe historyof its composition,and its effectson thereader by attention (Editor'snote: Buy a copy in Montgomeryand to factsand details rather than theorv or whimsv." Tom Hallock willwash vour car.) Bartram Trail Conference- BiennialMeeting
ConferenceProgram Montgomery,Alabama - October 24-26,2003
Friday, October24
Registrationand WelcomeReception (6:00 p.m.).Alabama Department of Archivesand History,624 WashingtonAve., Montgomery,AL. Following a buffet barbecue,we'll be treatedto a tour of the 1n,,r.r-]s outstandingexhibit of CreekIndian artifacts.Professor Gregory A. Waselkov,co-author of WtiltiamBartram on the SoutheasternIndians, will be our tour guide.Other museumand archival treasuresrelating to Bartram'svisit also will be on display.
Saturday,October 25 (AlabamaState Capitol Auditorium)
Registrationcontinues (8:30-9:00)
Opening Remarks (9:00-9:15) Kathryn H. Braund,BTC President
Bartram and Alabama: A Symposiumon William Bartram's Alabama Travels (9:00-10:45) Mark Dauber,"The Lost AlabamaLandscape of William Bartram," Brad Sanders,"A Lily by Any Other Name: The Cahabaor ShoalsLily and Bartram'sWildflower Experiencein Alabama"
Break (10:45-11:00)
Bartram and the Creek Indians (11:00-12:00) Kathryn Braund,"The Eagle-TailStandard of the CreekIndians;" Craig Sheldon,"Where BartramSat: CreekIndian Architecture"
Lunch (12:00-1:00) Boxed lunchesprovided. Collect your lunch and returnto the auditoriumto watch Bartramvideos, chat with BTC friends in the foyer, or visit the book display. Discoveries:Paper Trails (l :00-2:00) Mark Williams,"The Discoveryof E. G. Squier'sManuscript Copy of William Bartram'sObservations on the Creekand CherokeeIndians;" Nancy Hoffmann, "The Draft Manuscriptof Bartram'sTravels"
Discoveries:Trails and Places(2:00-3:00) Greg Lein, "The BartramCanoe Trail in SoutheastAlabama;" ScottCouch, Joe Turham, and Ray Vaughan(Friends of TuskegeeNational Forest),"Bartram's Trail in the TuskegeeNational Forest"
Break(3:00-3:30) Bartrambooks on sale
Writing Bartram (3:30-4:30) An authorround-table followed by questionsfrom the audienceand book signing.Thomas Hallock (From the Fallen Tree; Frontier Narratives, Environmental Politics, and the Rootsof a National Pastoral, 1719-1826);John R. Ray and Malcolm J. Skove (Bartram Trail: Detailed Trail Guide with Maps); Brad Sanders(Guide to William Bartram'sTravels); Chuck Spornickand Bob Greene(An Outdoor Guide to Bartrarn'sTravels); Gregory Waselkov, ll/illiam Bartram on the SoutheasternIndians.
Banquet (Saturdayevening) We'll conveneat a local restaurantfor a banquetfollowed by a specialguest speaker, Dr. JohnHall, AlabamaMuseum of NaturalHistory, who will discussBartram's botanical collection techniques.
Sunday, October 26.9:00-3:00 (Ft. Toulouse-JacksonState Park)
Fort Toulouse-JacksonState Park is l0 miles north of Montgomery,AL off US Hvty.23l in Wetumpka. Directionsand a mapwill be availableat the symposium.
CanoePaddle (9:00-1 1 :00) Participantswill assembleat Ft. Toulousein the main parking lot. From there,we will be driven to a put- in locationalong the TallapoosaRiver for a canoetrip back to the fort. Canoeexpedition to last from one to oneand one-half hours. The BTC will providecanoes, but participantsmay bringtheir own canoeif desired.Along the way, naturalistsand historians will discussthe historicTallapoosa of Bartram'sday.
Presentationand Black Drink Demonstration(11 :00-12:00) Participantswillassemble for briefpresentation on the historyof Fort Toulouse(Dr. Jim Parker)and the ceremonyof the black drink, a welcomeand purification ritual practiceddaily by Creekmen and offered to visitors, including Bartram(Dr. JohnHall and Dr. Craig Sheldon).Presentation includes information on the preparationand servingof black drink, with samplesfor the audience.
Lunch (f2:00-) Boxed Lunchesprovided.
Following lunch, JohnnyMolloy, authorof Long Trails of the Southeastand numerousother trail guides, will discussthe BartramTrail in north Georgia/PinhotiTrail in Alabama.Participants may explorethe site of Fort Toulouse,the reconstructedIndian village and fort and the botanicaltrail on their own. Lodging
flotels. There are a numberof hotels in the Montgomeryarea convenient to the AlabamaArchives and History Building and StateCapitol fbr thosewishing to makeadvance reservations. For informationon Montgomeryhotels, visit http://www.visitmontgomery.org.
Camping Campingis availableat Fort Toulouse,with 39 individualtrailerand recreational vehicle pads with water,electricity, a picnic table and grill at eachcampsite. Showers, restrooms, and a gray water dump stationare centrally located.Camping reservations are taken 8 a.m.to 5 p.m. Campingfees are $14.00and $l1.00 (seniorcitizens). For information,contact Jim Parker:334-561-3002or j [email protected].
Directions
From I-65 North or South (from Mobile or Birmingltom). Go to I-85 Interchange- directiontowards Atlanta).Exit at Court St. (Exit l) ontoArba St. rvhichruns parallel to the interstate.Follow Arba St.to nearits endand turn left ontoUnion St.Go North torvardsthe StateCapitol to the intersectionof Union St. andWashington Ave. Turn left ontoWashinglon Ave. The Archivesis on the left in the middleof the block.just Southof the StateCapitol. Entrances to the Archivesare on boththe WashingtonAve. and AdamsAve. sideof the building.
Directionsfrom I-85 (from Atlanta). Exit at the downtown/UnionSt. exit (Exit 1). Drive North to the intersectionof Union St. and WashingtonAve. Turn left onto WashingtonAve. The Archives is on the left in the middle of the block,just Southof the StateCapitol. Entrancesto the Archives are on both the WashingtonAve. andAdams Ave. sideof the building.
SaturdaySessions will be heldat the AlabamaState Capitol Auditorium, one block from the Archives. Parkingis availablein the Union StreetParking lot acrossfrom the Union Streetentrance to the Auditorium.
For a printablemap of the area:
http://www. archives. state. al.us I referenclwebmap.html www.archive s. state. al . u s/referenc/webmap. html
www.bartramtrail.org RegistrationForm BartramTrail Conference- BiennialMeeting
Hostedby the AlabamaDepartment of Archivesand History andthe AlabamaHistorical Commission Montgomery,Alabama - October24-26,2003
Registrationshould be receivedby October10,2003. Please complete the registrationform andreturn to ChuckSpornick, BTC Treasurer,390 St.Mark's Drive,Lilburn, GA 30047along with a checkpayable to the BartramTrail Conference.This is alsoa goodtime to pay your duesfor 2004.We'll alsohave a Bartram-themedconference T-shirt - make sureto include size.
CompleteRegistration Fee* @ $75.00 = $
Extra BarbequeTicket @ $12.00 =$ Extra BanquetTicket @szs.oo=$ Extra Lunch Ticket @$io.oo =$
Sat.Symposium Only (incl. lunch) @$1s.oo Sat.Symposium & Sun.Excursion @$5o.oo
StudentRegistration: Sat. onlyt @$lo.oo StudentResistration: Sat. & Sunt @$3o.oo
2004Dues @$2o.oo
ConferenceT-Shirt @$ls.oo $ (CircleSize: S, M, L, XL)
TOTAL $
Name/Namesof Registrants:
Address:
*Pleasenote that the RegistrationFee is per personand includesFriday night Barbeque,Saturday lunch and refreshments,Saturday night banquet,Sunday picnic lunch and canoeexpenses. Additional lunch,barbeque and banquettickets are availablefor spouses/guestswho do not plan to registerfor the entireprogram. You may also register for only the SaturdaySymposium and SundayExcursion (Omits Friday night barbequeand banquetticket). f StudentRegistration covers Safurday Symposium at the Capitol and SundayExcursion to Ft. Toulouse,including lunch and refreshments(no barbequeand banquetticket). Pleasenote if you requirevegetarian dining option. The Traveller,Newsletter of the BarframTrail Conference c/o Tom Hallock 125 19 Ave. South St.Petersburg, Florida 33705
CONFERENCE PROGRAM AND REGISTRATRATION INSIDE MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA OCTOBER24-26,2003
Bartram Trail Conference,Inc. Membership Form
Name:
Address:
Phone: ( ) E-mailaddress:
Circle one: New Member. RenewingMember
Areas of Interest in the Bartram Trail (be specific aboutgeographic locations and activities,i.e., Bartramsites, or whetheror not you like to hike, read,garden, etc.):
News for the BTC newsletter:
Pleasemail thiscompleted form, along with $20.00membership fee, to: ChuckSpornick 390St. Mark's Drive Lilburn,GA30047 E-mail:[email protected]