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179 ANALÍSIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE Paraphlebia Zoe

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179 ANALÍSIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE Paraphlebia Zoe ANALÍSIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE Paraphlebia zoe SELYS IN HAGEN, 1861 (ODONATA: MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE) Jaime Antonio Escoto-Moreno1, Juan Márquez1 y Jaime Escoto-Rocha2. 1Laboratorio de Sistemática Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Carboneras, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México. [email protected], [email protected]. 2Colección Zoológica, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Avenida Universidad No. 940. C.P.20100. Aguascalientes, México. [email protected]. RESUMEN. Paraphlebia zoe Selys in Hagen, 1861, una especie endémica de México incluida en la IUCN Red List of threatened species, es registrada por primera vez en el estado de Querétaro. Basado en recientes colectas durante la época de lluvias y la de sequía en bosques mesófilos de montaña, se registra la especie en tres nuevas localidades para Hidalgo. Se compilaron 16 registros históricos de la especie que permitió generar el trazo individual de P. zoe, donde se aprecia que la mayoría de los registros geográficos se ubican en la región sur de la Sierra Madre Oriental y algunos registros en la provincia del Golfo de México; este patrón de distribución también se presenta en varias especies de coleópteros de las familias Staphylinidae, Passalidae y Scarabaeidae. Palabras Clave: Megapodagrionidae, Paraphlebia zoe, Querétaro, Hidalgo, registros geográficos. ABSTRACT. Paraphlebia zoe Selys in Hagen, 1861, an endemic Mexican species included in the IUCN Red List of threatened species, is recorded for the first time in Queretaro. Based on recent collections during the dry and rainy seasons in mountain cloud forests,species is recorded in three new localities in Hidalgo. There were compiled 16 historical records of the species, that permitted us generated the individual track for P. zoe, this suggest that most geographic records are located from the southern region of the Sierra Madre Oriental and some records in the Golfo of Mexico province; this distributional pattern also occurs in several species of beetles of the families Staphylinidae, Passalidae and Scarabaeidae. Key words: Megapodagrionidae, Paraphlebia zoe, Queretaro, Hidalgo, geographic records. Introducción El orden Odonata está integrado por los insectos conocidos comúnmente como libélulas, incluye a la familia Megapodagrionidae, la cual presenta una distribución fragmentaria, generalmente en tierras con clima tropical del hemisferio sur, por lo que Sudamérica es aparentemente el lugar con mayor diversidad de especies (Ramírez y Novelo, 1994). En México esta familia incluye dos géneros: Heteragrion y Paraphlebia, este último presenta cuatro especies (Garrison et al., 2010), de las cuales Paraphlebia hyalina Brauer, 1871 y P. zoe Selys in Hagen, 1861 son consideradas endémicas al país (González y Novelo, 2007). Esta última especie es encontrada en los bosques mesófilos de montaña, perchando con las alas replegadas en sitios sombreados entre los escurrideros de agua, mientras que sus náyades se ubican cerca de paredes verticales rocosas con filtración de agua donde existen briofitas (Novelo, 2008). Los machos de P. zoe presentan una mancha obscura en el ápice de las alas (con los rayos del sol se ve morada metálica), seguida por una ligera mancha blanca opaca; sin embargo, se ha observado que presentan una variación regularmente menos común, con ausencia de estas manchas y con un tamaño más pequeño, características que los asemeja a las hembras (Romo et al., 2009). Paraphlebia zoe fue nombrada por primera vez por Selys in Hagen en 1861, pero fue hasta 1862 que ese autor da una breve descripción de la especie y el siguiente registro: “México: Veracruz; M. Aug. Sallé” (1 ♂ incompleto). El holotipo se encuentra depositado en la Collection 179 of Selys Longchamps en el Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Después Selys, en su “Revision du Synopsis des Agrionines” (1886), elabora una clave para diferenciar a P. zoe de P. hyalina. Sin embargo, una de las aportaciones con datos más precisos se da cuando Calvert (1908) realizó una descripción complementaria de la especie en la Biologia-Centrali Americana. Con base en lo anterior, así como algunos trabajos realizados más recientemente, se considera que P. zoe presenta una distribución restringida a pocas localidades de los bosques de niebla de San Luis Potosí, Veracruz e Hidalgo (González y Novelo, 2007). Es importante mencionar que P. zoe está incluida en la Internacional Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, con el estatus de vulnerable, debido a que se conoce solo en seis localidades en México, con una extensión de presencia menor a 20,000 km2, de los cuales gran parte del área ha sido deforestada (Paulson y Ellenrieder, 2006). En el presente trabajo se registra por primera vez a P. zoe para el estado de Querétaro, se reportan nuevas localidades de distribución en el estado de Hidalgo, y se compilan todos los registros previamente conocidos, con la finalidad de conocer y discutir su distribución geográfica. Materiales y Método Se efectuaron colectas de odonatos en siete localidades con bosques mesófilos de montaña en el estado de Hidalgo, pertenecientes cada uno a los siguientes municipios: La Misión (Los Naranjos), Tepehuacán de Guerrero (Chilijapa), Chapulhuacán (El Infiernillo), Tlanchinol (camino a Apantlazol), Molango (Acuatitlán), Zacualtipán (camino a Tizapán) y Tenango de Doria (La Viejita), los cuales presentan condiciones de humedad relativa alta, temperaturas templadas, precipitaciones que superan los 1000 mm anuales, relieve accidentado que propicia la presencia de arroyos, escurrideros y lugares con filtración en cañadas, que es donde potencialmente se puede encontrar a P. zoe. Las colectas se realizaron por cuatro horas en cada localidad, dos veces en época de secas y dos veces en época de lluvias (marzo-abril y agosto-septiembre, respectivamente), cubriendo un esfuerzo de muestreo de 112 horas/hombre. Las capturas se realizaron utilizando una red aérea y los organismos fueron sacrificados sumergiéndolos en acetona al 100%, después en el laboratorio se vuelven a sumergir por 24 horas en la misma solución, con el fin de preservar la coloración. Por último, se secaron en condiciones ambientales y se depositaron en bolsas de propileno, para posteriormente realizar la identificación de la especie por medio de las claves taxonómicas de Calvert (1908), las cuales hasta el presente representan el documento científico más completo para identificar a las especies del género. Adicionalmente, se visitó el Noreste del estado de Querétaro en el mes de octubre de 2011 para verificar la presencia de la especie , ya que su distribución conocida sugería su existencia en dicha región de ese estado. Los ejemplares colectados están depositados en la Colección Entomológica del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (CE-UAEH) y en la Colección Zoológica, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (CZUAA). Por otra parte, se realizó una recopilación exhaustiva de la literatura que hace referencia a cualquier aspecto biológico de la especie, siendo de interés particular aquellos trabajos que brindaron los registros geográficos hasta ahora conocidos y registros adicionales en bases de datos de instituciones nacionales y extranjeras con la ayuda del GBIF (2011) que permitió el acceso a la información disponible en la Colección Nacional de Insectos del Instituto de Biología, UNAM (CNIN; México D.F.), Department of Entomology of Smithsonian Institution National 180 Museum of Natural History (NMNH; Washington D.C), Essing Museum of Entomology, University of California (EME; Berkeley) y el Frost Entomological Museum, University of Pennsylvannia (FME; Pennsylvania), en las cuales se tienen depositados ejemplares de P. zoe. Resultados y Discusión Se registra por primera vez a esta especie en los siguientes tres municipios y localidades de Hidalgo: “México: Hidalgo, Tlanchinol, camino Apantlazol . km; N 20°5909 y W 98°3760; escurrideros entre hojarasca, 1424m, 11-V-2011; J. Escoto-Moreno ( ♂). Mismos datos excepto “1-X-2011” (1♂). “México: Hidalgo, Tenango de Doria, La Viejita; N 20 19 2 y W 98 1 6 ; escurrideros que bajan de las montañas, 1680m, 01-IX-2011; J. Escoto-Moreno ( ♂). Mismo datos excepto “2 -IX-2011” (1♂). “México: Hidalgo, Tepehuacán de Guerrero, Chilijapa, camino a Texapa; N 21°00931 y W 98°5216. 1346 m, 10-IX-2011; J. Escoto-Moreno, J. Márquez y S. Abasolo” (1♀, ♂). Se colectó a P. zoe en tres localidades de las siete visitadas en Hidalgo. En camino a Apantlazol (Tlanchinol), se colectó tanto en época de sequía, como en la de lluvias; mientras que en La Viejita (Tenango de Doria) y Chilijapa (Tepehuacán de Guerrero), se encontró solo en época de lluvias. De 28 muestreos totales, se encontró a P. zoe en seis de ellos, que representan el 21.42 % de los muestreos realizados, por lo que se corrobora la baja probabilidad de encontrar a la especie, aspecto que coincide con los pocos registros citados en la literatura (Cuadro 1). En Hidalgo, P. zoe solo había sido registrada en una localidad de Molango (Novelo y Peña, 1991); no obstante, en el reciente estudio se encontró un registro en la base de datos del Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History para Chapulhuacán, por lo que ahora se amplía su distribución conocida a cinco localidades de cinco municipios del estado. Además, es importante mencionar que no se había registrado esta especie a más de 1323 msnm; sin embargo, en las tres localidades donde se registró por primera vez en el presente trabajo, las altitudes oscilan entre los 1346 y 1730 m. En el estado de Querétaro se registra por primera vez a P. zoe en una localidad situada al noreste del estado, perteneciente al municipio de Landa de Matamoros: “México: Querétaro, Landa de Matamoros, 3 km antes de Camarones, camino a Agua Zarca: 21°12359 N y 99°03062 W, 885 m, 15-X-2011; J. Escoto-Moreno (1♀,1♂). Este registro incrementa la distribución conocida de la especie hacia el oeste, siendo éste el más occidental.
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