DOCSLIB.ORG

Meta-Modelling to Quantify Yields of White Spruce and Hybrid Spruce Provenances in the Canadian † Boreal Forest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meta-Modelling to Quantify Yields of White Spruce and Hybrid Spruce Provenances in the Canadian † Boreal Forest Article Meta-Modelling to Quantify Yields of White Spruce and Hybrid Spruce Provenances in the Canadian y Boreal Forest Suborna Ahmed 1,*, Valerie LeMay 1, Alvin Yanchuk 2, Andrew Robinson 3, Peter Marshall 1 and Gary Bull 1 1 Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Rm 2045, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [email protected] (V.L.); [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (G.B.) 2 British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources Operations, PO Box 9518, STN Prov Govt, Victoria, BC V8W9C2, Canada; [email protected] 3 CEBRA, School of BioSciences, School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-827-2059 This manuscript is part of a Ph.D. thesis by the first author, available online at open.library.ubc.ca. y Received: 26 April 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Tree improvement programs can improve forest management by increasing timber yields in some areas, thereby facilitating conservation of other forest lands. In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach to quantify yields of alternative white (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann x Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stocks across planting sites in the boreal and hemiboreal forests of Canada. We extracted meta-data from published tree improvement program results for five Canadian provinces covering 38 planting sites and 330 white and hybrid spruce provenances. Using these meta-data and a random-coefficients nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach, we modelled average height over time trajectories for varying planting site characteristics, as well as climate transfer distances between planting sites and provenances. Climatic transfer distances had strong effects on the height trajectory parameters. In particular, the asymptote parameter had a nonlinear increasing trend with planting site versus provenance mean annual temperature differences. We incorporated the height trajectory meta-analysis model into an existing growth and yield model to predict volume yields. Overall, this research provides a mechanism to quantify yields of alternative provenances at a particular planting site, as a component of decision support models for evaluating evaluate forest management investment into improved planting stocks alternatives under current and possible future climates. Keywords: tree improvement; growth and yield; climatic transfer distances; meta-model; random- coefficients modelling 1. Introduction Forest industries in Canada and elsewhere are facing increased competition for forest land from urban expansion and other resource sectors including agriculture, oil, and gas, resulting in a diminishing fiber supply [1,2]. At the same time, climate changes are expected to impact forests via changes in forest growth rates and in natural disturbances caused by fire, diseases, and insects [3]. Tree improvement programs can provide improved seedling stocks with faster growth rates and/or better disease and insect resistances [4–8]. Using improved stocks can ameliorate timber supply shortages and facilitate a more competitive forest sector, while continuing to provide a broad range of Forests 2020, 11, 609; doi:10.3390/f11060609 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Forests 2020, 11, 609 2 of 20 Forests 2020, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 20 ofecosystem ecosystem services services by supportingby supportin sustainableg sustainable forest forest management management over ov theer entire the entire forest forest land area land [9 area–11]. [9–11].However, However, a mechanism a mechanism for quantifying for quantifying the impacts the impacts of using of improved using improved stocks at stocks different at sitesdifferent is needed sites isto needed support to this support initiative. this initiative. TheThe boreal boreal forest covers an extensive expanse of the world’s forests, circling the northern hemispherehemisphere of of the the earth earth across across Scandinavian Scandinavian and and Nordic Nordic countries, countries, Russia, Russia, Canada, Canada, and and USA USA [12]. [12]. The Canadian Canadian boreal boreal forest forest represents represents 28% 28% of ofthis this biome, biome, covering covering 552 552million million hectares hectares [13]. The [13]. hemiborealThe hemiboreal forest forest is south is south of the of boreal the boreal forest forest and and is transitional is transitional with with temperate temperate forests, forests, except except in Albertain Alberta and and British British Columbia, Columbia, where where it is it generally is generally to the to the south south and and west west of the of the boreal boreal forest forest and and is transitionalis transitional to tomountainous mountainous forests forests (Figure (Figure 1).1). Co Coniferousniferous species species are are generally generally dominant in thethe borealboreal forest, includingincluding several severalPicea Piceaspecies species [14 [14].]. In In Canada, Canada, white white spruce spruce (Picea (Picea glauca glauca(Moench) (Moench) Voss) Voss)and hybrid and hybrid spruce spruce (Picea engelmannii(Picea engelmanniiParry ex Parry Engelmann ex Engelmann x Picea glauca x Picea(Moench) glauca (Moench) Voss) are importantVoss) are importantcommercial commercial species that species occupy that much occupy of this much spatial of this extent spatial [15] extent (Figure [15]1). (Figure 1). FigureFigure 1. 1. BorealBoreal and and hemiboreal hemiboreal forests forests of of Canada Canada and and USA USA [15]. [15]. CanadianCanadian tree tree improvement improvement programs programs began began in in the the 1950s 1950s with with the the overall overall goal goal of of providing improvedimproved stocks stocks with with superior superior traits traits [16]. [16]. Initially, Initially, seeds seeds were were collected collected from from phenotypically phenotypically superior superior individualsindividuals called called “plus “plus trees” trees” from from natural natural stands stands with with unknown unknown male male parents; parents; performances performances were were thenthen assessed assessed using using provenance provenance or or progeny progeny trials trials repr representingesenting multiple multiple seed seed sources sources to to establish establish seed seed planning zones. Subsequent Subsequent selections selections of of seeds seeds th throughrough both both wind wind (i.e., (i.e., natural-stand natural-stand mating) mating) or or controlled-pollinatedcontrolled-pollinated crosses crosses of of these these first-generation first-generation trees trees were were used used to to establish establish progeny progeny trials trials to to assessassess the the extent extent of of genetic genetic control control over over selection selection attributes, attributes, to to rank rank parents parents and and offspring, offspring, to to establish establish production populations populations (seed (seed orchards), orchards), and and to to qu quantifyantify the the expected genetic genetic gain gain from improved stocksstocks [10,16,17]. [10,16,17]. QuantifyingQuantifying gain gain from from improved improved tree tree stocks stocks is is a challenge for a number of reasons. First, First, trees trees areare long-lived long-lived and, and, as as a a result, result, the the time time to to maturity maturity (and (and subsequent subsequent generations) generations) is is long, long, unlike unlike most most agriculturalagricultural crops. crops. Even Even the the earliest earliest provenance provenance tria trialsls in in Canada Canada represent represent only only short short periods periods of of time time relativerelative to to biological biological rotation rotation ages ages reported reported for for natural natural stands. stands. Second, Second, growth growth rates rates can increase can increase with subsequentwith subsequent selections selections of best of bestperforming performing trees trees [18] [,18 and,], and, therefore, therefore, it ithas has been been considered considered to to be be a a “moving target”target” [ 19[19].]. Third, Third, there there often often is an is environmental an environmental effect andeffect there and may there also bemay a provenancealso be a provenance by environment effect because provenance performances vary with planting site characteristics [20,21]. Finally, in quantifying improvements, a baseline for comparison must be used. Forests 2020, 11, 609 3 of 20 by environment effect because provenance performances vary with planting site characteristics [20,21]. Finally, in quantifying improvements, a baseline for comparison must be used. This baseline could be wild stocks [22,23], seeds from the planting location (i.e., local provenance) [19,24,25], or the average of all provenances in the trials [26,27]. In spite of these difficulties, a number of researchers have quantified yields of improved stocks for some Canadian commercial tree species at a provincial or more localized spatial extent. Yields of white spruce provenances and their breeding performances were compared based on trials in Québec [28]. The 20-year growth increase of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce, tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roil) K. Koch), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was reported using provenance trials in New Brunswick [17]. A number of ways to quantify genetic gain was discussed for commercial species of British Columbia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Celebrating 100 Years of Migratory Bird Conservation
    Wetlands Working Group The Wildlife Society Newsletter, Volume 6, Issue 1 April 2016 In This Issue.... Feature Article Celebrating 100 Years of Canada’s Boreal Forest Wetlands Migratory Bird Conservation 100th Anniversary of the Part 1: Canada Migratory Bird Treaty To honor the 100th anniversary of the Migratory Bird Part 1: Canada Treaty, this year’s WWG newsletters will highlight wetlands of international importance across North America! ASWM Update The Migratory Bird Treaty in Canada was enacted with the passage of the Migratory Birds Convention Act (MBCA) during 1917; subsequent updates occurred during TWS Action Center 1994 and 2005. It is the responsibility of Environment and Climate Change USFWS Resource Protection Canada to develop and implement policies and regulations to ensure the protection Act of migratory birds, their eggs and their nests. Check out their webiste for more information about the MBCA in Canada. IUCN Call for Articles Canada’s diverse habitats support about 450 species of native birds, the majority of Wetlands at Risk which are protected under the MBCA. Through bird-watching, and subsistence and recreational huning, native birds are an integral part of Canada’s heritage. Migratory WWG News birds also play important ecological and biological roles in the environment. A recent Call for nominations report, The State of Canada’s Birds 2012 shows that bird populations in Canada are Student award changing. Although some bird species are doing well, many others are declining. As we celebrate the successes of international bird conservation, it is important to Join us on Facebook! recognize continued and new threats to migratory bird populations.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Logging Industry's Unregulated
    JULY 2020 R: 20-07-B REPORT THE LOGGING LOOPHOLE: HOW THE LOGGING INDUSTRY’S UNREGULATED CARBON EMISSIONS UNDERMINE CANADA’S CLIMATE GOALS AUTHOR Jennifer Skene ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express deep gratitude to all the people who contributed their time, expertise, and talents to this report. Special thanks to Dale Marshall for his numerous reviews and tremendously constructive feedback and to Graham Saul and Teagan Yaremchuk for their expert advice and continuous support. Thanks as well to Anthony Swift, who oversaw the conceptualization and creation of this report, and to Tina Swanson for her thoughtful review. Leah Stecher's editing, guidance, and endless patience were, as always, indispensable and tremendously appreciated. This communication and release of this report would also would not have been possible without the tireless dedication of Margie Kelly, Lauren Gonzales, Barbara Hayes, Alex Almendrades, and Andrew Aziz. The author would also like to thank the many people who reviewed various iterations of this report and provided invaluable feedback: Shelley Vinyard, Courtenay Lewis, Ashley Jordan, Danielle Droitsch, Liz Barratt- Brown, Brendan Guy, Josh Axelrod, Sasha Stashwick, Jeff Wells, Jay Malcolm, Dominick DellaSalla, Florence Daviet, Keith Kisselle, Julee Boan, and Tim Gray. Environmental Defence Canada gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the Metcalf Foundation. About NRDC NRDC is an international nonprofit environmental organization with more than 3 million members and online activists. Since 1970, our lawyers, scientists, and other environmental specialists have worked to protect the world’s natural resources, public health, and the environment. NRDC has offices in New York City, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Montana, and Beijing.
    [Show full text]
  • A Forest of Blue: Canada's Boreal
    A Forest of Blue Canada’s Boreal the pew environment Group is the also benefitting the report were reviews, conservation arm of the pew Charitable edits, contributions and discussions trusts, a non-governmental organization with sylvain archambault, Chris Beck, that applies a rigorous, analytical Joanne Breckenridge, Matt Carlson, approach to improve public policy, inform david Childs, Valerie Courtois, ronnie the public and stimulate civic life. drever, sean durkan, simon dyer, www.pewenvironment.org Jonathon Feldgajer, suzanne Fraser, Mary Granskou, larry Innes, Mathew the Canadian Boreal Initiative and the Jacobson, steve kallick, sue libenson, Boreal songbird Initiative are projects anne levesque, lisa McCrummen, of the pew environment Group’s tony Mass, suzann Methot, Faisal International Boreal Conservation Moola, lane nothman, Jaline Quinto, Campaign, working to protect the kendra ramdanny, Fritz reid, elyssa largest intact forest on earth. rosen, hugo seguin, Gary stewart, allison Wells and alan Young. Authors Jeffrey Wells, ph.d. the design work for the report was ably Science Adviser for the International carried out through many iterations by Boreal Conservation Campaign Genevieve Margherio and tanja Bos. dina roberts, ph.d. Boreal Songbird Initiative Suggested citation Wells, J., d. roberts, p. lee, r, Cheng peter lee and M. darveau. 2010. a Forest of Global Forest Watch Canada Blue—Canada’s Boreal Forest: the ryan Cheng World’s Waterkeeper. International Global Forest Watch Canada Boreal Conservation Campaign, seattle. Marcel darveau, ph.d. 74 pp. Ducks Unlimited Canada this report is printed on paper that is 100 percent post-consumer recycled fiber, Acknowledgments For their review of and comments on processed chlorine-free.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds at Risk the Importance of Canada’S Boreal Wetlands and Waterways
    Birds at Risk The Importance of Canada’s Boreal Wetlands and Waterways October 2011 Authors: Edward Cheskey, Nature Canada Jeffrey Wells, Ph.D., Boreal Songbird Initiative Susan Casey-Lefkowitz, Natural Resources Defense Council ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable comments and assistance from many colleagues. Any errors in the report are our own. Thank you to Rita Anderson, Peter Ballin, Eric Butterworth, Marie-Claude Chagnon, David Childs, Joan Czapalay, Marcel Darveau, Ian Davidson, Axelle Dudouet, Garry Donaldson, Charles-Antoine Drolet, George Finney, Mark Gloutney, Lisa Goffredi, Mara Kerry, Marilyn Labrecque, Lisa McCrummen, Jon McLaughlin, John Neville, Lane Nothman, Philip Penner, Jaline Quinto, Bev Ramey, Alain Richard, Dina Roberts, Stuart Slattery, Gary Stewart, Chris Sutton, Jackie Waddell, James Whitelaw, and Ahmed Zedan. Special thanks to Peter Lee and Ryan Cheng of Global Forest Watch Canada for providing the maps. We are grateful to Nature Québec for its editorial contributions to the French version of this document. This report builds on A Forest of Blue: Canada’s Boreal Forest, The World’s Water Keeper, released by the Pew Environment Group in March 2011. About Nature Canada Nature Canada is a national not-for-profit whose mandate is to protect and conserve wildlife and habitats in Canada by engaging people and advocating on behalf of nature. With strategies based on sound science and a passion for nature, Nature Canada effects change on issues of national significance, including bird conservation, wilderness protection, and species at risk. We are the Canadian co-partner, with Bird Studies Canada, in BirdLife International. Together we deliver the international Important Bird Areas (IBA) program in Canada, which aims to identify, conserve and monitor a network of sites that provides essential habitat for bird populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Responses to Burns and Clear Cuts in the Boreal Forest of Canada1
    Bird Responses to Burns and Clear Cuts in the Boreal Forest of Canada1 Susan J. Hannon2 and Pierre Drapeau3 ________________________________________ Key words: bird communities, boreal forest, burns, residual canopy trees remain singly or in clumps and clear-cutting, even-age forest management, forest fire, the ground is covered by grass. In recent burns, cavity Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus), log- nesters and species that forage on beetles in the dead ging. trees predominate, whereas clear cuts are dominated by open country or parkland-type species (Table 1). By about 25 years post-disturbance, many of the snags have fallen in burns and the shrubby understory is well developed. Conversely, on clear cuts some of the Introduction residual live trees have died, increasing snag density to levels similar to burns at this age. The shrub layer is Unlike many other ecosystems in North America, the more developed in clear cuts but amount of dead wood boreal forest in Canada still retains a natural fire on the ground is lower than in burns. Generally, snag regime. However, increasing industrial forestry, pri- dependent bird species decreased and shrub-breeding marily clear cutting, could alter natural fire dynamics species increased 25 years after burns, whereas in clear and adversely affect some species. A possible solution cuts there were more species that foraged and nested in to this, promoted by many forest managers, is to cut the canopy trees, because of the retention of live residuals forest in a way that emulates natural fire patterns on the (Table 1; Hobson and Schieck 1999). Eventually, as landscape (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Regimes of the Alaskan Boreal Forest
    Fire regimes of the Alaskan boreal forest James Cronan, Donald McKenzie, and Diana Olson DRAFT James Cronan is a research scientist, Donald McKenzie is a research ecologist, and Diana Olson is a University of Idaho-FRAMES project manager, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Lab, 400 N 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103. Fire regimes of the Alaskan boreal forest James Cronan, Donald McKenzie, Diana Olson Authors U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, OR DRAFT General Technical Report PNW-GTR-XXX Month 201x Published in cooperation with: University of Washington, School of Forest Resources Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies University of Idaho U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Fire Service Abstract Cronan, J; McKenzie, D; Olson, D. 201X. Fire regimes of the Alaskan boreal forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-XXX. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. XXX p. Fire regimes are described for the boreal forest of Alaska. Information was compiled from published and unpublished work and represents a comprehensive literature review. Contemporary fire regimes are discussed based on six components: ignitions, seasonality, intensity, fire size, severity, and fire frequency. Fire regimes are stratified by major vegetation types present within the boreal forest including black spruce forest, white spruce forest, hardwood forest, and tundra. Multi-scale temporal patterns of fire regimes are presented and future changes to fire regimes and impacts on the boreal forest are discussed. Keywords: fire regime, fire history, boreal forest, Alaska, literature review.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Variation, Vegetation Distribution, Carbon Dynamics and Water/Energy Exchange at High Latitudes
    Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 301-314, 2002 © IAVS; Opulus Press Uppsala. Printed in Sweden - Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics, and water/energy exchange - 301 Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics and water/energy exchange at high latitudes McGuire, A.D.1*; Wirth, C.2; Apps, M.3; Beringer, J.4; Clein, J.5; Epstein, H.6; Kicklighter, D.W.7; Bhatti, J.3; Chapin III, F.S.5; de Groot, B.3; Efremov, D.8; Eugster, W.9; Fukuda, M.10; Gower, T.11; Hinzman, L.12; Huntley, B.13; Jia, G.J.6; Kasischke, E.14; Melillo, J.7; Romanovsky, V.15; Shvidenko, A.16; Vaganov, E.17 & Walker, D.5 1U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; 2Max-Plank Institut für Biogeochemie, Postfach 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany; 3Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Center, Edmonton, Alb., T6H 3S5, Canada; 4School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; 5Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA; 6Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; 7The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; 8Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute, Khaborovsk, 680030, Russia; 9University of Bern, Geographical Institute, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; 10Institute of Low Temperature, Hokkaido University, N 19 W8 Sapporo, 060 Japan; 11Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Univer- sity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 12Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; 13Environmental Research Centre, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; 14Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Controls on Fire Activity in Boreal Canada
    Ecological Applications, 24(6), 2014, pp. 1341–1356 Ó 2014 by the Ecological Society of America An analysis of controls on fire activity in boreal Canada: comparing models built with different temporal resolutions 1,2,7 3 4 1 2 MARC-ANDRE´PARISIEN, SEAN A. PARKS, MEG A. KRAWCHUK, JOHN M. LITTLE, MIKE D. FLANNIGAN, 5 6 LYNN M. GOWMAN, AND MAX A. MORITZ 1Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 122nd Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada 2Western Partnership for Wildland Fire Science, University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1Canada 3Rocky Mountain Research Station, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, USDA Forest Service, 790 East Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801 USA 4Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Robert C. Brown Hall 7123, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada 5Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5 Canada 6Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Fire regimes of the Canadian boreal forest are driven by certain environmental factors that are highly variable from year to year (e.g., temperature, precipitation) and others that are relatively stable (e.g., land cover, topography). Studies examining the relative influence of these environmental drivers on fire activity suggest that models making explicit use of interannual variability appear to better capture years of climate extremes, whereas those using a temporal average of all available years highlight the importance of land-cover variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving a BOREAL ICON
    CONSERVING A BOREAL ICON Part of: MANITOBA’s BOREAL WOODLAND CARIBOU RECOVERY STRATEGY This document is part of “TomorrowNow - Manitoba’s Green Plan”; an eight-year strategic action plan for mobilizing Manitobans to work together to protect the environment while ensuring a prosperous and environmentally-conscious economy. In addition to the actions outlined in this plan, the province has other initiatives underway to ensure we protect the environment and sustainably manage our natural resources now, for tomorrow. Manitoba’s goal is to be one of the most sustainable places to live on earth. Copies of this publication may be downloaded at: www.manitoba.ca/conservation/wildlife Content (excluding cover photos) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. For more information To learn more about species at risk in Manitoba, please visit the Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship Wildlife Branch species at risk website at www.manitoba.ca/conservation/wildlife/sar Manitoba Boreal Woodland Caribou Management Committee. 2015. Conserving a Boreal Icon, Manitoba’s Boreal Woodland Caribou Recovery Strategy. Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship. Winnipeg, Manitoba. 30 pp. ii MANITOBA’s BOREAL WOODLAND CARIBOU RECOVERY STRATEGY 2015 Minister’s Message Manitoba’s Boreal Woodland Caribou Recovery Strategy is a living financial contributions of many of our funding partners. Countless hours document that outlines management initiatives and direction for have been dedicated to caribou conservation initiatives over the decades conservation of boreal caribou across Manitoba for the next 10 years. by these partners, environmental and wildlife organizations, universities, It was developed to ensure caribou are retained as part of our valued members of the public and Manitoba Conservation and Water boreal ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Boreal Forest
    TEACHING KIT Volume 8: Canada’s Boreal Forest Town of Oakville Town Photo: Photo: Photo: First Photo: Nations Program Forestry National Forest Week 2007: The Forest Capital of Canada 2007 ~ September 23 to 29 Oakville, Ontario Canada is recognized around the world as a forested nation. Forestry is the Recognizing leadership is an important way to inspire ongoing dedication founding industry of Canada and as such, exists as both a historical legacy and innovation in any domain. To honour those who demonstrate leader- and a continuing tradition. ship in understanding the valuable role forests play in the socio-economic and environmental health of Canadian communities — past, present and The tales of the squared timber era in eastern Canada and clearing of for- future — the Canadian Forestry Association instituted the Forest Capital ested land for farming are colourful and integral parts of this country’s past. of Canada program in 1979. However, our forests, our forest industry and our outlook toward Canada’s For over 25 years, the CFA has recognized a community or region demon- natural forest resources are all undergoing transition. The theme of strating the passion, stewardship and sound practices that result in National Forest Week 2007 “Canada’s Forests: Tradition and Transition” sustainable forest development, management and conservation. These reflects both historical viewpoints and new ideas. We understand that the range from communities surrounded by forest and directly dependent forest reaches back to antiquity and that it has nurtured all life on our on the forest industry to communities in urban and rural areas that under- land.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Ecosystem Management in Boreal Forests Examples from Eastern Canada
    Implementation of Ecosystem Management in Boreal Forests Examples from Eastern Canada Marie-Andrée Vaillancourt, Sylvie Gauthier, Dan Kneeshaw and Yves Bergeron Sustainable Forest Management Network 3-03 Civ il Electrical Engineering Building University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 CANADA Phone: (780) 492-6659 Fax: (780) 492-8160 Email: [email protected] www.sfmnetwork.ca Cert no. SW-COC-003506 SFM NETWORK PARTNERS AND AFFILIATES AUGUST 2008 GRANTING COUNCILS INSTITUTION PARTNERS • Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) Program • University of Alberta • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research (Host Institution; also a Funding Partner) Council of Canada (NSERC) • Concordia University THE SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT NETWORK • Social Sciences and Humanities Research • Dalhousie University Council of Canada (SSHRC) • Lakehead University - • McGill University Established in 1995, the Sustainable Forest Management Network (SFM Network) is an incorporated, non-profit • Memorial University of Newfoundland research organization based at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. FUNDING PARTNERS • Mount Royal College GOVERNMENTS • Royal Roads University The SFM Network’s mission is to: • Canadian Forest Service • Ryerson University • Deliver an internationally-recognized, interdisciplinary program that undertakes relevant university-based • Environment Canada • Simon Fraser University research; • Parks Canada • Thompson Rivers University • Develop networks of researchers, industry, government, Aboriginal, and non-government
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Vegetation of Minnesota at the Time of the Public Land Survey 1847-1907
    Natural Vegetation of Minnesota At the Time of the Public Land Survey 1847-1907 Minnesota Department of Natural Resources _ Biological Report No.1 resettlement Minnesota. topography prevented the spread of fires, and little bluestem and sideoats grama Imagine. " ...rolling prairies ... a dense forest of maple, basswood, and occurred on the thin soils of dry uplands. Pundulation upon undulation as elm developed. Within the coniferous far as the eye can reach ... a view forest biome, fires created a mosaic of Throughout the prairie biome, numerous of peculiar sublimity ..." wrote H.D. forest types from young postfire stands of wetland communities dominated by Ruggles of the western Minnesota aspen-birch and jack pine, to old- sedges and rushes, rather than grasses, landscape in 1835. Early accounts of the growth stands of white and red pine, were interspersed with upland prairie. towering pines in the north abounded spruce-fir, northern white cedar, and The glacial moraine landforms of the with equally vivid impressions. And in maple-basswood-yellow birch forest. prairie region were ideally suited for the south, French explorers extolled the This complex interaction of fire with wetland formation; their hilly knob and vast forests of maple, basswood, and elm, climate, soils, and topography created a kettle-type topography abounded with calling them the "Big Woods." dynamic landscape-a constantly shifting prairie pothole marshes. mosaic of vegetation types. The early European settlers had de­ Aspen Parkland scribed, in astonished detail, the three The aspen parkland formed an ecotone major biomes that meet in Minnesota: Vegetation Types of the Prairie between the prairie and coniferous forest tallgrass prairie, northern coniferous and Deciduous Forest of extreme northwest Minnesota and forest, and eastern deciduous forest.
    [Show full text]